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Copyright © 2007 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe Slide 1- 1 Copyright © 2007 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe
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Data:
Known facts that can be recorded and have an implicit meaning.
Mini-world:
Some part of the real world about which data is stored in a
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Typical DBMS Functionality Typical DBMS Functionality
Define a particular database in terms of its data types, Other features:
structures, and constraints
Protection or Security measures to prevent
Construct or Load the initial database contents on a unauthorized access
secondary storage medium
“Active” processing to take internal actions on data
Manipulating the database:
Retrieval: Querying, generating reports
Presentation and Visualization of data
Modification: Insertions, deletions and updates to its content Maintaining the database and associated
Accessing the database through Web applications programs over the lifetime of the database
Processing and Sharing by a set of concurrent users and application
application programs – yet, keeping all data valid and Called database, software, and system
consistent maintenance
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Main Characteristics of the Database
Example of a simplified database catalog Approach (continued)
Data Abstraction:
A data model is used to hide storage details and
present the users with a conceptual view of the
database.
Programs refer to the data model constructs rather
than data storage details
Support of multiple views of the data:
Each user may see a different view of the
database, which describes only the data of
interest to that user.
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Advantages of Using the Database
Categories of End-users (continued) Approach
Sophisticated: Controlling redundancy in data storage and in
These include business analysts, scientists, engineers, development and maintenance efforts.
others thoroughly familiar with the system capabilities.
Many use tools in the form of software packages that work Sharing of data among multiple users.
closely with the stored database. Restricting unauthorized access to data.
Stand-alone:
Mostly maintain personal databases using ready-to-use
Providing persistent storage for program Objects
packaged applications. In Object-oriented DBMSs – see Chapters 20-22
An example is a tax program user that creates its own
internal database.
Providing Storage Structures (e.g. indexes) for
Another example is a user that maintains an address book efficient Query Processing
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Historical Development of Database Historical Development of Database
Technology (continued) Technology (continued)
Object-oriented and emerging applications: Data on the Web and E-commerce Applications:
Object-Oriented Database Management Systems Web contains data in HTML (Hypertext markup
(OODBMSs) were introduced in late 1980s and early 1990s language) with links among pages.
to cater to the need of complex data processing in CAD and
other applications.
This has given rise to a new set of applications
and E-commerce is using new standards like XML
Their use has not taken off much.
(eXtended Markup Language). (see Ch. 27).
Many relational DBMSs have incorporated object database
concepts, leading to a new category called object-relational Script programming languages such as PHP and
DBMSs (ORDBMSs) JavaScript allow generation of dynamic Web
Extended relational systems add further capabilities (e.g. for
pages that are partially generated from a database
multimedia data, XML, and other data types) (see Ch. 26).
Also allow database updates through Web pages
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