1

1 (a) Complete the table below to identify the physical quantities as scalars or vectors.

physical quantity scalar or vector

acceleration

speed

friction force

potential energy

time
[3]

(b) Golf ball is hit along the ground between three points. The distances between the points
are shown on Fig. 1.1.

12 m 16 m

A
C
Fig. 1.1

The ball takes 1.2 s to travel from point A to point B.

(i) Calculate the average speed of the ball between A and B.

average speed = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) Player hit the golf ball from point B to point C.

It travels with the same average speed.
Calculate the time taken for the golf ball to travel from B to C.

time = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 7]
 2

2 Fig. 2.1 is a distance / time graph showing the motion of an object. For
Examiner’s
Use
25

20
distance / m
15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4
time / s

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) Describe the motion shown for the first 2 s, calculating any relevant quantity.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) After 2 s the object accelerates.

Copy Fig. 2.1 to your graph paper and sketch a possible shape of the graph for
the next 2 s. [1]

(b) Describe how a distance / time graph shows an object that is stationary.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
 3

(c) Fig. 2.2 shows the axes for a speed / time graph. For
Examiner’s
Use
10

8
speed
m/s 6

0
0 1 2 3 4
time / s

Fig. 2.2

Copy Fig. 2.2 to your graph paper and draw

(i) the graph of the motion for the first 2 s as shown in Fig. 2.1,
(ii) an extension of the graph for the next 2 s, showing the object accelerating at 2 m / s2.
[3]

(d) Describe how a speed / time graph shows an object that is stationary.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]
 4

3 (a) Complete the following statement:

The moment of a force about a point is ....................................................................................

multiplied by ..........................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a uniform iron bar B of weight 60 N and length 1.50 m. The bar is being used to
lift one edge of a concrete slab S. A stone, placed 0.30 m from one end of B, acts as a pivot.
A force of 50 N pushing down at the other end of B is just enough to lift the slab and hold it as
shown.

1.50 m

0.30 m force 50 N
concrete slab iron bar B
S
stone

Fig. 3.1

(i) On Fig. 3.1, draw an arrow to show the weight of bar B acting from its centre of mass. [1]

(ii) State the distance d of the centre of mass of bar B from the pivot.

d = ...........................................................[1]

(iii) Calculate the total clockwise moment, about the pivot, of the forces acting on bar B.

total clockwise moment = ...........................................................[3]

(iv) Calculate the downward force which the slab S exerts on the end of bar B.

force = ...........................................................[2]

(v) Suggest a change to the arrangement in Fig. 3.1 that would reduce the force required to
lift the slab.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 9]
 5

4 Four students, A, B, C and D, each have a spring. They measure the lengths of their springs For
when the springs are stretched by different loads. Examiner’s
Use

Their results are shown in Fig. 4.1.

student A student B student C student D

load / N spring length / cm spring length / cm spring length / cm spring length / cm

0.5 7.2 9.1 9.2 10.0

1.0 8.7 9.9 10.0 11.1

1.5 10.2 10.7 10.8 12.2

2.0 11.7 11.5 11.6 13.3

2.5 13.2 12.3 12.6 14.4

3.0 14.7 13.1 13.8 15.5

3.5 16.2 13.9 15.2 16.6

4.0 17.7 14.7 16.8 17.7

Fig. 4.1

(a) (i) State which student had loaded the spring beyond the limit of proportionality.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Explain how you obtained your answer to (a)(i).

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) For the spring used by student A, calculate

(i) the extra extension caused by each additional 0.5 N,

extra extension = ................................................ [1]

(ii) the unloaded length of the spring.

unloaded length = ................................................ [1]

 6

(c) Student A obtains a second spring that is identical to his first spring. He hangs the two For
springs side by side, as shown in Fig. 4.2. Examiner’s
Use

identical
springs

load

Fig. 4.2
Use the table to calculate the length of each of the springs when a load of 2.5 N is hung
as shown in Fig. 4.2. Show your working.

length = ................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]
 7

5 Fig. 5.1 shows a gas contained in a cylinder enclosed by a piston.

piston pressure gauge

gas cylinder

80 cm

Fig. 5.1
At first, the length of cylinder containing the gas is 80 cm. The pressure of the gas, shown by the
pressure gauge, is 200 kPa. The area of cross-section of the cylinder is 0.15 m2.

(a) (i) Describe the motion of the molecules of the gas.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain how the molecules exert a force on the walls of the cylinder.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Calculate the force exerted by the gas on the piston.

force = ...........................................................[2]

(b) The piston is moved so that the new length of cylinder occupied by the gas is 40 cm. The
temperature of the gas is unchanged.

(i) Calculate the new pressure of the gas.

pressure = ...........................................................[2]
 8

(ii) Explain, in terms of the behaviour of the molecules, why the pressure has changed.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]
 9

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a side view of a large tank in a marine visitor attraction. For
Examiner’s
Use

sea-water

viewing
panel
M

tank

Fig. 6.1 (not to scale)

The tank is 47 m long and 20 m wide. The sea-water in the tank is 15 m deep and has
a density of 1030 kg / m3.

(a) Calculate the mass of water in the tank.

mass = ................................................. [3]

(b) The pressure at point M, halfway down the large viewing panel, is 57 kPa more than
atmospheric pressure.

Calculate the depth of M below the surface of the water.

depth = ................................................. [2]

 10

(c) The viewing panel is 28.3 m wide and 7.2 m high. For
Examiner’s
Calculate the outward force of the water on the panel. Assume that the pressure at M is Use

the average pressure on the whole panel.

force = ................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]
 11

7 When a salmon swims up a river to breed, it often has to jump up waterfalls. Fig. 7.1 shows a
salmon jumping above the surface of the water. On this occasion the salmon falls back down into
the river.

salmon

waterfall

river

Fig. 7.1

The salmon has a mass of 1.8 kg.

(a) The salmon leaves the water vertically with a kinetic energy of 16.2 J.

(i) Calculate the speed of the salmon as it leaves the water.

speed = ........................................................ [2]

(ii) Calculate the maximum height gained by the salmon. Ignore air resistance.

gain in height = ........................................................ [3]

(iii) After the salmon has re-entered the river, it has lost nearly all its original kinetic energy.

State what has happened to the lost energy.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]
 12

(b) Another salmon, of much greater mass, leaves the water vertically with the same speed.

State and explain how the height of this salmon’s jump compares to the height reached by the
first salmon.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]
 13

8 Fig. 8.1 shows a water turbine that is generating electricity in a small tidal energy scheme. For
Examiner’s
Use
barrage

sea-water level at high tide

3.5 m

water level in tidal basin

turbine connected to
electricity generator

Fig. 8.1

At high tide, 1.0 m3 of sea-water of density 1030 kg / m3 flows through the turbine every
second.

(a) Calculate the loss of gravitational potential energy when 1.0 m3 of sea-water falls
through a vertical distance of 3.5 m.

loss of gravitational potential energy = ................................................. [3]

(b) Assume that your answer to (a) is the energy lost per second by the sea-water passing
through the turbine at high tide. The generator delivers a current of 32 A at 220 V.

Calculate the efficiency of the scheme.

efficiency = ..............................................% [3]

 14

(c) At low tide, the sea-water level is lower than the water level in the tidal basin. For
Examiner’s
(i) State the direction of the flow of water through the turbine at low tide. Use

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) Suggest an essential feature of the turbine and generator for electricity to be
generated at low tide.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]
 15

9 (a) Define the specific heat capacity of a substance.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Fig. 9.1 shows a cylinder of aluminium heated by an electric heater.

electric heater
C.I.E. Power Pack

thermometer
V
+ –

aluminium cylinder

Fig. 9.1
The mass of the cylinder is 750 g. The heater delivers 15 870 J of thermal energy to the cylinder
and the temperature of the cylinder increases by 23 °C.

(i) Calculate a value for the specific heat capacity of aluminium.

specific heat capacity = ........................................................ [2]

(ii) Calculate the thermal capacity (heat capacity) of the aluminium cylinder.

thermal capacity = ........................................................ [2]

(c) State and explain a method of improving the accuracy of the experiment.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 8]
 16

10 (a) Puddles of water form on a path after rainfall on a windy day.

In terms of molecules, state and explain how the rate of evaporation of the puddles is
affected by

(i) a reduction of wind speed,

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) an increase of water temperature.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 10.1 shows two puddles.

large puddle

small puddle

Fig. 10.1

State and explain how the rate of evaporation from the large puddle compares to that from the
small puddle under the same conditions.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
 17

(c) Describe an experiment to demonstrate the difference between good and bad emitters of
infra-red radiation. You may include a diagram to help your description. State what readings
should be taken.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

[Total: 9]

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