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Lateral Force Procedure Section 208.4.8
Section 4.8.4.1
Simplified
WHAT IS THE MAGNITUDE Static
OF EARTHQUAKE FORCE?

Static Section 4.8.4.2

Dynamic Section 4.8.4.3

Alternative Section 4.8.4.4

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Lateral Force Procedure Section 208.4.8

1. Simplified Static Section 208.4.8.1

Occupancy IV or V Structures
1. Building of any occupancy (including single-family dwellings)
not more than 3 stories in height excluding basements that
use light-frame construction

2. Other Building not more than 2 stories in height excluding

basement

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Lateral Force Procedure Section 208.4.8

2. Static Section 208.4.8.2

1. All structures, regular or irregular in Occupancy

Categories IV and V in Seismic Zone 2

2. Regular Structures under 75m in height with lateral force

resistance provided by systems listed in Table 208-11, except
where Section 208.4.8.3, Item 4, applies
3. Irregular Structures not more than five stories or 20m in height

4. Flexible Structure having the upper portion supported on a rigid

lower portion.
a. Both portions of the structures considered separately can be
classified as being regular
b. Average storey stiffness of the lower portion is at least 10
times the average story stiffness of the upper portion
c. Period of the entire structure is not greater than 1.1 times
the period of the supporting portion considering as a separate
structure fixed at the base.
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Lateral Force Procedure Section 208.4.8

3. Dynamic Procedure Section 208.4.8.3

The dynamic later-force procedure of Section 208.5.3 shall be
used for all structures
1. Structures 75m or more in height
2. Structure having a stiffness, weight or geometric vertical
irregularity OR structures having irregular features not described
in Table 208-9 or 208-10, except as permitted in
Section 208.4.10.3.1 “Vertical Combinations”
3. Structures over five stories or 20m in height in Seismic Zone 4
not having the same structural system throughout their height
except as permitted by Section 208.5.3.2 “Ground Motion”
4. Structures, regular or irregular, located on Soil Profile Type SF,
that have a period of 0.70s.

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Lateral Force Procedure Section 208.4.8

4. Alternative Procedure Section 208.4.8.4

Alternative lateral-force procedures using rational analyses based
on well-established principles of mechanics may be used in lieu of
those prescribed in the provisions.
Seismic Isolation Section 4.8.4.2
Seismic isolation, energy dissipation and damping system may be
used in the analysis and design of structures when approved by
the building official and when special detailing is used to provide
results equivalent to those obtained by the use of conventional
structural systems.

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Lateral Force Procedure, Section 208.4.8
Sample Project Simplified
Static
Project: 3 Storey Office Building
Static
Location: Macapagal Road Procedure
(MOA Area)
Static

Dynamic
Procedure
WHAT IS THE MAGNITUDE Dynamic
OF EARTHQUAKE FORCE?

Alternative

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Static Procedure Section 208.5.2

Static

W
Procedure

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Static Procedure Section 208.5.2

W Equation 208-8

Total Design Base Shear need not exceed the following:

𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝒂
W Equation 208-9

Total Design Base Shear shall not be less than following:

𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒂 W Equation 208-10

For Seismic Zone 4, the Total Design Base Shear shall not
be less than following:

𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝒗
W Equation 208-11

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Earthquake Terminology
Importance Factor, I Table 208-1

𝑪𝒗𝑰
W
𝑹𝑻

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CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURE Section 103

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Earthquake Terminology
Seismic Response Coefficient, Cv Table 208-8

Refer to Table 208-8

𝑪𝒗𝑰
W
𝑹𝑻
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Earthquake Terminology
Seismic Zone Factor, Z Section 208.4.4.1

Refer to Table 208-3 Seismic Zone Factor Z

𝟎.𝟖𝒁𝑵𝒗𝑰
𝒎𝒊𝒏 W
𝑹 Figure 208-1
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Earthquake Terminology
Site Geology and Soil Characteristic Section 208.4.3
Refer to Table 208-2 Soil Profile Type

Table 208-2

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Earthquake Terminology
Near-source Factor use for determination of Cv, Nv
Refer to Table 208-4 and 208-6

Related to both the proximity of the building or structure to known faults with
magnitude

Table 208-6
http://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/

𝟎.𝟖𝒁𝑵𝒗𝑰
𝒎𝒊𝒏 W
𝑹

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Earthquake Terminology
Seismic Source Types Section 208.4.4.2
Refer to Table 208-4

Table 208-4

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Earthquake Terminology

Fault Map of the Philippines

Figure 208-2A

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Earthquake Terminology

Figure 208-2B Figure 208-2C

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Earthquake Terminology

Figure 208-2E

Figure 208-2D

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Earthquake Terminology

Figure 208-2F

Figure 208-2F

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Earthquake Terminology

Figure 208-2E Figure 208-2F

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Earthquake Terminology

Figure 208-2G Figure 208-2H

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Earthquake Terminology

Figure 208-2J Figure 208-2K

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Earthquake Terminology

Figure 208-2L Figure 208-2M

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Earthquake Terminology

Figure 208-2N Figure 208-2I

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Earthquake Terminology

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Earthquake Terminology
Sample Geotechnical Report

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Earthquake Terminology
Seismic Coefficient, Ca Table 208-7
Refer to Table 208-7

Table 208-7

𝟐.𝟓𝑪𝒂𝑰
𝒎𝒂𝒙 W
𝑹
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Earthquake Terminology
Near-source Factor use for determination of Ca, Na
Refer to Table 208-4 and 208-5

Related to both the proximity of the building or structure to known faults with
magnitude

http://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/
Table 208-5

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Earthquake Terminology
Elastic fundamental period, T Section 208.5.2.2

Method A

T = Ct (hn)3/4 eq 208-12

Ct = 0.0853 for Steel Moment-Resisting Frames

Ct = 0.0731 for Reinforced Concrete Moment-Steel Moment-
Resisting Frames and Braced Frames
Ct = 0.0488 for all other buildings

𝒗
W
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Earthquake Terminology
Total seismic dead load, W Section 208.6.1

Total dead load and applicable portion of other loads

1. In Storages and warehouse occupancies, a minimum of 25% of

the floor live load shall be applicable
2. Where partition load is used in the floor design, a load or not less
than 0.50kN/m2 shall be included
3. Total weight of the permanent equipment shall be included

𝒗
W
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Earthquake Terminology
Inherent over-strength, R Section 208.4.10.2

Numerical coefficient representative of the inherent over-strength

and global ductility capacity of lateral-force-resisting system
Structural System shall be classified as on of the types listed in
Table 208-11 and define is this section
Table 208-11A: Earthquake-Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Concrete
Table 208-11B: Earthquake-Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Steel
Table 208-11C: Earthquake-Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Masonry

Table 208-11D: Earthquake-Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Wood

𝒗
W
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Earthquake Terminology
Structural Systems Section 208.4.6
Structural system shall be classified as on of the types listed in
Table 208-11 and define is this section
1. Bearing Wall Systems Section 208.4.6.1

Structural system without a complete vertical load-carrying space

frame
Gravity Load: supported by bearing wall or bracing systems
Lateral Load : resistance to lateral load is by shear walls or braced
frames
2. Building Frame Systems Section 208.4.6.2
Gravity Load: essentially complete space frame
Lateral Load : resistance to lateral load is by shear walls or braced
frames

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Earthquake Terminology
3. Moment-Resisting Frame Systems Section 208.4.6.3
Gravity Load: essentially complete space frame
Lateral Load : resistance to lateral load is by moment resisting
frame primarily by flexure action of the members

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Earthquake Terminology
4. Dual System Section 208.4.6.4

A structural system with the following features:

Gravity Load: essentially complete space frame
Lateral Load :
Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced
frames and moment-resistance frames (SMRF, IMRF, MMRWF
or steel OMRF).
The moment-resisting frames shall by designed to independently
resist at least 25% of the design base shear.
The two systems shall be design to resist the total base shear in
proportion to their relative rigidities considering the interaction of
the dual system at all levels.

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Earthquake Terminology
5. Cantilever Column Systems Section 208.4.6.5

A structural system relying on cantilevered column elements for

lateral resistance.

6. Undefined Structural Systems Section 208.4.6.6

A structural system not listed in Table 208-11.

7. Non-Building Structural Systems Section 208.4.6.7

A structural system conforming to Section 208.8

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Earthquake Terminology
Inherent over-strength, R Section 208.4.10.2

Height Limits Section 208.4.6.5

Height Limits for the various structural systems in Seismic Zone 4

are given in Table 208-11

Seismic Force Amplification Factor, Ωo Section 208.4.10.1

To take into account for Structural over-strength and set forth In

Table 208-11
For a specific element of the Structure the minimum design strength
shall be the product of the seismic force over-strength factor Ωo and
the design seismic forces set forth in Section 208.5.

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Earthquake Terminology
Inherent over-strength, R Section 208.4.10.2

Combination of Structural System Section 208.4.10.3

Where combination of structural systems are incorporated into the

same structure, the requirements of this section shall be satisfied
a. Vertical Combination Section 208.4.10.3.1

The value of R used in the design of any storey shall be less than or
equal to the value of R used in the given direction for the storey
above

Exception: This requirements need not be applied to a storey where

the dead weight above that storey is less than 10% of the total dead
weight of the structures

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Earthquake Terminology
a. Vertical Combination Section 208.4.10.3.1
1. The entire structure is designed using the lowest R of the lateral
force-resisting system used, or
2. The following two-stage static analysis procedures may be
used for structures conforming to Section 208.4.8.2, Item 4
“Static Procedure”
2.1 The flexible upper portion shall be designed as separate
structure, supported laterally by the rigid lower portion,
using the appropriate values or R and ρ
2.2 The rigid lower portion shall be designed as a separate
structure using the appropriate values of R and ρ. The
reactions from the upper portion shall be those determined
from the analysis of the upper portion amplified by the
ratio of the (R/ρ) of the upper portion over (R/ρ) of the
lower portion.

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Earthquake Terminology
2. Combination along Different Axes Section 208.4.10.3.2

In Seismic Zone 4 where a structure has a bearing wall system in

only one direction, the value of R used for design in the orthogonal
direction shall not be greater than that used for the bearing wall
system

Any combination of bearing wall systems, building frame systems,

dual systems or moment-resisting frame systems may be used to
resist seismic forces in structures less than 50m in height

Only combinations of dual systems and special moment-resisting

frames shall be used to resist seismic forces in structures
exceeding 50m in height in Seismic Zone 4.

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Earthquake Terminology
c. Combination along Same Axes Section 208.4.10.3.2
When a combination of different structural system is utilized to resist
lateral forces in the same direction, the value of R used for the
design in that direction shall not be greater than the least value for
any of the systems utilized in that same direction.

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Earthquake Terminology
Inherent over-strength, R

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Earthquake Terminology
Inherent over-strength, R

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Earthquake Terminology
Inherent over-strength, R

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Earthquake Terminology
Inherent over-strength, R

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