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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction 1
Introduction of topic 2-9
3 Company profile 16
History 17
Developments 19
Achievements 20
Structure of organization 21-22
Product profile
6 Summary
Findings 40
Suggestions 41
Bibliography 43
Questionnaire 44
LIST OF GRAPHS
Introduction
Definition of Perception
Perception is the process by which organisms interpret and organize sensation to produce a
meaningful experience of the world. Sensation usually refers to the immediate, relatively
unprocessed result of stimulation of sensory receptors in the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, or skin.
Perception, on the other hand, better describes one's ultimate experience of the world and
typically involves further processing of sensory input. In practice, sensation and perception
are virtually impossible to separate, because they are part of one continuous process.
be handled by its special methods. The remnants of such philosophical questions, however,
do remain; researchers are still concerned, for example, with the relative contributions of
innate and learned factors to the perceptual process.
Such fundamental philosophical assertions as the existence of a physical world, however, are
taken for granted among most scientific students of perceiving. Typically, researchers in
perception simply accept the apparent physical world particularly as it is described in those
branches of physics concerned with electromagnetic energy, optics, and mechanics. The
problems they consider relate to the process whereby percepts are formed from the
interaction of physical energy (for example, light) with the perceiving organism. Of further
interest is the degree of correspondence between percepts and the physical objects to which
they ordinarily relate. How accurately, for example, does the visually perceived size of an
object match its physical size as measured (e.g., with a yardstick).
Meaning of Perception
Perception is one of the oldest fields in psychology. The oldest quantitative law in
psychology is the Weber-Fechner law, which quantifies the relationship between the intensity
of physical stimuli and their perceptual effects.
Perceptions vary from person to person. Different people perceive different things about
the same situation. But more than that, we assign different meanings to what we perceive.
And the meanings might change for a certain person. One might change one's perspective or
simply make things mean something else.
Some people see a young lady looking away. Others see an old lady looking down.
Depending on how you look at it, part of the picture might be the young woman's nose and
eyelash, or it might be a wart on the old woman's nose. What is the young woman's ear might
be the old woman's eye. What is the young woman's necklace might be the old woman's
mouth. The picture hasn't really changed. You just emphasize different parts of it and assign
them different meaning.
They are exactly the same size. However the top one looks longer than the bottom one. It is
on optical illusion tricking us into assigning a different meaning to what we see.
We fill in a lot of blanks with our minds. If we have incomplete perceptions, which we
practically always do to a certain extent, our minds fill in the rest.
Are those letters? Or are they just lines and blotches on the paper? How do you know?
Do you see a vase or do you see two faces looking at each other?
The meaning of something will change when you look at it differently. You can look at
anything differently and it will have a different meaning.
Quotes:
"Perception is a mirror not a fact. And what I look on is my state of mind, reflected outward."
- A Course In Miracles
"To perceive means to immobilize... we seize, in the act of perception, something which
outruns perception itself." - Henri L. Bergson
"If the doors of perception were cleansed everything would appear to man as it is, infinite.
For man has closed himself up, till he sees all things thru chinks of his cavern." - William
Blake
"To see what is right, and not do it, is want of courage, or of principle." - Confucius
TYPES OF PERCEPTION
1. Motion perception
to move, although in that case there is essentially no motion of the object's image over the
retina. Similarly, an afterimage will appear to move during eye movement even in a
completely darkened room. Where ordinarily the movement of the retinal image caused by
the moving eye is computed to signify “no object motion,” thus yielding position constancy
(since the image motion and eye motion are equal in magnitude), the same computational rule
must signify “object motion” in the case of the afterimage.
2. Form perception
Form perception means the experience of a shaped region in the field. Recognition
means the experience that the shape is familiar. Identification means that the function or
meaning or category of the shape is known. For those who have never seen the shape before,
it will be perceived but not recognized or identified. For those who have, it will be perceived
as a certain familiar shape and also identified. Recognition and identification obviously must
be based on past experience, which means that through certain unknown processes, memory
contributes to the immediate experience that one has, giving the qualities of familiarity and
meaning.
The figure of a 4 in Fig. 1a is seen as one unit, separate from other units in the field,
even if these units overlap. This means that the parts of the figure are grouped together by the
perceptual system into a whole, and these parts are not grouped with the parts of other
objects. This effect is called perceptional organization. There are other problems about form
perception that remain to be unraveled. For example, the size of a figure can vary, as can its
locus on the retina or even its color or type of contour, without affecting its perceived shape
(Fig. 2).
Perceptual organization, (a) The figure of a four is immediately and spontaneously perceived
despite the presence of other overlapping and adjacent lines, (b) The four, although
physically present, is not spontaneously perceived and is even difficult to see when one
knows it is there.
Transposition of form; the two shapes clearly look the same despite the difference in size.
Basic information
About the types of licenses issued and regulated by the Business Licensing and Consumer Services Unit
(BL&CS) can be found below. Different transactions are possible and different fees apply for each type of
license. More information about each license type can be found in the appropriate info MVA process
description.
Used Vehicle Sells used vehicles to the public and other Dealer - License to Sell Used
dealers. A physical location suitable for retail
Dealer Vehicles
sales from which the sales are conducted is
required. Vehicle sales must be the principal
or only business conducted at that location.
Wholesale Dealer Buys, sells, and exchanges used vehicles with Dealer - License for
other dealers. May purchase vehicles from the
Wholesale Vehicle Dealer
public. MAY NOT SELL TO THE RETAIL.
Motorcycle Dealer Sells new motorcycles under a franchise Dealer - License to Sell
agreement with a license manufacturer or
Motorcycles
distributor. May be licensed to sell only used
motorcycles. A location suitable for retail
sales is required.
Trailer Dealer Sells new trailers under a franchise agreement Dealer - License to Sell
with a licensed manufacturer or distributor.
Trailers
• Boat May be licensed to sell only used trailers. A
location suitable for retail sales is required.
• Under 15'
• Over 15'
Title Service Transports MVA paperwork and fees to and Dealer - Licenses for Title
from MVA offices for customers. Some Title
Agent Service Agent
Service Agents process the documents from
their office electronically.
Scrap Processor Has facilities to process vehicle scrap for Dealer - License for
DEALER TYPOLOGY
Dealers are segmented into four groups based on their satisfaction with and
commitment to the manufacturer. These groups are defined as follows:
▪ Partners: Dealers those are both satisfied and committed. This group is the most
dedicated.
▪ Mercenaries: Dealers those are satisfied but not committed. This group needs a
compelling reason to stay with the brand.
▪ Hostages: Dealers that are not satisfied but remain committed. Dealers can become
hostages due to lack of viable options or other exit barriers.
▪ Uninvolved: Dealers those are neither satisfied nor committed.
Motivators: Attributes with a high stated importance and an equally high impact on
commitment. These are the main drivers of dealer satisfaction and commitment.
Hidden Opportunities: Issues where dealer claimed importance is relatively low but impact
on commitment is high. These issues are differentiators.
Hygienics: Attributes where stated importance is high but impact on commitment is low.
These reflect the "must be" needs of dealers.
Potential Savers: Attributes with low stated importance and impact on commitment. Dealers
are currently less sensitive to these issues.
Marketing occupies an important place in all stages of economic life even from barter
system. But today marketing is in complicated stage modern marketing covers all business
activities in order, to as, certain demand, product planning, distribution that facilities the
entire marketing process. the modern marketing programme, aims to attract the dealers the
cement.
To study the dealer’s perception pertaining to make creating awareness for LANCO
cement.
To study dealer’s perception regarding the areas in which improvement in needed for
LANCO cement.
INFORMATION SOURCES
Sources of data:
The data has been collected from both primary and secondary sources for the project
work.
Primary data:
The primary data is collected with the help of questionnaires, which consists of closed
ended questions .The questionnaire is chosen for of its simplicity and reliability. In addition
to this the data is collected through personal interview.
Secondary data:
Secondary data is collected through the document provided by personnel department
such as personnel manuals, reports regarding suggestions, scheme etc.,
Relevant books from various magazines, company website journals and other reports.
Statistical tools:
The statistical tool adopted in this is percentage analysis is used to find the percentage
value for all the questionnaires used in making comparison between two or more series of
data .
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design:
The research design adopted for this study was descriptive type research design.
Survey Type:
The survey adopted in the present project work was sample survey.
Sampling Technique:
Sample technique adopted here in the present project was simple random sampling
method. Though lottery method samples were selected in random sampling.
Sample Size:
The sample size taken in the project was 75.
Sample unit:
The sample unit is the dealers through these sample units information was collected.
Research Instruments:
Research instrument used in this is structured questionnaire.
LIMITATIONS
The scope of study is confined to Kurnool District only; because of so many factors
differ at different places, the perception, exceptions and satisfaction level of whole
market.
As dealers were busy they spend little time in the survey process. Few dealers are
COMPANY HISTORY
• Lanco industries were incorporated in the year 1991. It has two main products -
• Commercial production at the pig iron plant in Tirupathi started in Sept. 1994.
• The company's captive power plant was commissioned in Feb 1995. For the year
1996-97, the company produced 24.8 MW internally which was 88% of its total
consumption.
• The company has a downstream 70,000 TPA Slag cement plant, 50% of input
coming from the pig iron plant. Commercial production started in April 1996.
• The company raised Rs. 454.73 lacs through a Rights issue of 1:5 during the year
2001 - The Company has signed an agreement with CDSL, NSDL and Aarthi
• 2002-Lanco Industries Ltd has informed that Shri L Madhusudhan Rao the present
Managing Director has resigned from the position of MD of the company and the
Board has accepted the resignatio and also appointed Sri Gowri Shankar Tekriwal
institutions.
COMPANY DEVELOPMENTS
• The year 2010 was celebrated as Lanco’s Silver Jubilee Year. It has been
twenty five years since the founder chairman L Rajagopal, taking inspiration
from his uncle Lagadapati Amrappa Naidu, began his career as an entrepreneur.
Lanco continues to take its stride forward on the strength of their vision and
inspiration and under the leadership of the current Chairman, L Madhusudhan
Rao.
• Father and son team. Ki and Curt langille, are the driving force behind Lanco
Development Company. Ki began building homes and apartment buildings in the
mid-1950's after several years of involvement in the Chicago area real estate
market. While always maintaining a suburban Chicago base, Ki has built and
developed land from Ft. Wayne, Indiana, to Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.
• However, since Curt (now President of the company, and twice past President of
the McHenry County Home Builders Association) joined Lanco in 1976, their
geographic area of concentration has predominately been McHenry County but
are also expanding into the Lake Geneva area; offering homesites and an exciting
Villa development in Geneva National as well as homesites at Bear Trap Ridge,
Fontana, WI. Both Curt and Ki enjoy the challenge of designing a home to meet
the home buyer's ideas, matching those ideas to the buyer's budget and finally
putting them on paper.
• The result--a true custom home. The final key ingredient is the team of
subcontractors and suppliers, most of whom have worked with Lanco for more
than 20 years. Their in-depth knowledge allows them the employment of state-of-
the-art innovations within the homes they construct.
Focusing on locations where they would personally want to live, and embracing
the features they would implement in their own homes has made Lanco a success.
Ki and Curt Langille are satisfied only when their customer is.
COMPANY ACHIEVEMENTS
Lanco has also garnered awards from the McHenry Medley of Homes, the Treasure Hunt of
Homes and won 3 prestigious Gold Key Awards.
COMPANY STRUCTURE
Directors:
Shri G. Maruthi Rao
Shri L. Sridhar
Managing Director :
Auditors :
Solicitors:
Bankers:
Bank of India
Andhra Bank
Srikalahasthi Mandal
Chittoor District
Andhra Pradesh
Hyderabad-500 081
TABLE 1:
GRAPH 1:
DATA INTERPRETATION:
It is found that, 21% of people said that length of the field is 1-2 years, 25% of the
people said that length of the field is 3-4 years and 22% and 32% of people said that it is
2) What are the different cement brands you generally deal with?
TABLE 2:
GRAPH- 2:
50%
43%
40%
30% 24%
10%
0%
Lanco cement Nagarjuna cement Ultra tech cement Penna cement
DATA INTERPRETATION:
Only 16% of people deal with brand A cement, 43%, 24% and 17% of people deal with
TABLE 3
GRAPH 3
40% 36%
35%
29%
30% 27%
25%
20%
15%
9%
10%
5%
0%
Lanco cement Nagarjuna Ultra tech cement Penna cement
cement
DATA INTERPRETATION
According to survey, 9% of respondents say that last moving cement brand from the
outlet is brand A, 29% of respondents say brand B, 27% of respondents say brand C and 36%
4) What are the reasons for particular cement brand moving fast in the market ?
TABLE 4
GRAPH 4
40%
35% 37%
30%
25%
20%
19% 20%
15% 18%
10%
5%
0%
Quality Price Advertisement Brand image
DATA INTERPRETATION:
Quality has been the reason for particular cement brand moving fast in the market
to 37% of respondents, the reason is advertisement and finally brand image has been the
TABLE 5
GRAPH 5
40% 37%
35%
30%
25% 23%
21%
19%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
nagarjuna penna lanco all
DATA INTERPRETATION
37% of respondents recommend brand C and 19% of respondents recommend all brands.
TABLE 6
GRAPH- 6
DATA INTERPRETATION
7) What are the major factors that influence the customer in purchasing cement?
TABLE 7
GRAPH 7
DATA INTERPRETATION
For 42% of respondents, quality has been the factor to influence the customer in
purchasing the cement, for 20% of respondents, brand name is the major factor, for 23% of
respondents, package is the major factor and for 14% of respondents, durability has been the
TABLE 8
GRAPH 8
DATA INTERPRETATION
Through advertisement, awareness about Lanco cement can be created according to 40% of
respondents, according to 22% of respondents awareness of the Lanco cement can be created
TABLE 9
GRAPH 9
DATA INTERPRETATION
respondents on Lanco cement is good, and opinion of 24% and 21% of respondents on Lanco
10) Kindly how much (metric tonnes) you sell per month?
TABLE 10
GRAPH 10
DATA INTERPRETATION
50-100 tonnes of cement are sold per month according to 17% of respondents,
according 24%, 40% and 18% of respondents 100-150 tonnes, 150-200 tonnes and 200 and
11) Which media advertisement you suggest move for lanco cement?
TABLE 11
GRAPH 11
DATA INTERPRETATION
According to the survey, it is found that electronic media has been suggested by 15%
of respondents to move the Lanco cement, 46% of respondents suggest print media, 20% of
TABLE 12
GRAPH 12
DATA INTERPRETATION
32% of respondents agree that Lanco cement has to join advertisement area to handle,
25% of respondents say price, 25% of respondents say packages and 18% of respondents say
area of quality.
TABLE 13
GRAPH 13
DATA INTERPRETATION
12% of respondents prefer gunny bags, 45% of respondents prefer plastic bags, 22% of
respondents prefer colourless and 21% of respondents prefer other type of packaging.
14) In your view what are the negative point of lanco cement?
TABLE 14
GRAPH 14
DATA INTERPRETATION
In view of 17% of respondents, no advertisement has been negative point of Lanco cement,
In view of 24%, 21% and 38% of respondents low price, colourless and other factors have
TABLE 15
GRAPH 15
DATA INTERPRETATION
The types of support from a company that is needed to 16%, 41%, 21% and 22% are
SUMMARY
• 44% of dealers said that there is no colourless is the negative point of lanco cement.
• 42% of respondents said that discounts are needed from the company.
• 44% of the respondents said that brand- A is moving fastly in cement sector.
• 42% of respondents said that quality is main reason for fast moving of cement.
FINDINGS
44% of the respondents said that brand- A is moving fastly in cement sector.
42% of respondents said that quality is main reason for fast moving of cement.
63% of the dealers are satisfied about their credit facility in Lanco Company.
65% of the dealers said that they need advertisement support from the company.
44% of dealers said that there is no colourless is the negative point of lanco cement.
42% of respondents said that discounts are needed from the company.
SUGGESTIONS
To lead the market Lanco Cement Company Should increase the colour reduce setting
Company should provide credit facility and should increase the time period to dealers.
Most of the dealers were suggested to improve the sales by giving advisement in
The sales of Lanco will be increased by increasing the number of dealers in chittoor
District.
Some of the dealers have informed that there is variation in company sales price. The
Conduct mansions meet to explain about technical characteristics, usage methods and
To increase the sales the management should give advertisement like Press, Media,
Hoarding and Wall paints and should provide Banians, Auto Rickshaw Puller,
CONCLUSION
The study clearly shows that almost all the dealers are satisfied at their management
had to try to make some improvements suggested by the dealers. Dealer’s perception
regarding factors such as quality, brand image, price, durability etc., factors are influencing to
purchasing a particular brand. Creating aware of lanco cement through media of advertising
to improve the area of sales, present lanco cement is satisfactory till go for more promotion
outlets.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AUTHORS:
4. Philip Kotler Marketing Management, 9th Edition, Practice – Hall of India (P) Ltd.,
New Delhi
WEBSITES:
www.google.com
QUESTIONNAIRE
2) What are the different cement brand you generally deal with? [ ]
a) Brand – A b) Brand – B
c) Brand - C d) All
a) Brand – A b) Brand – B
c) Brand – C d) All
4) What are the reasons for particular cement brand moving fast in the market?
[ ]
a) Quality b) Price
c) Advertisement d) Brand Image
a) Brand – A b) Brand – B
c) Brand – C d) All
7) What are the major factors that influence the customer in purchasing cement?
[ ]
a) Quality b) Brand Name
c) Package d) Durability
c) Satisfaction d) Poor
10) Kindly how much (Metric Tones) you sell per month? [ ]
a) 50-100 b) 100-150
c) 150-200 c) 200 And above
11) Which Media Advertisement you suggest move for Lanco cement? [ ]
a) Advertisement b) Price
c) Packages d) Quality
14) In your view what are the Negative points of Lanco cement? [ ]
a) Credit b) Discount
c) Transportation d) Advertisement