1 FUNCTIONS

1.0 RELATIONS

Notes :
(i) Four types of relations : one-to-one, many-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many.
(ii) Three ways to represent relations : arrowed diagram, set of ordered pairs and graph.
(iii) The arrow diagram representation is of the form below :

2 1
P :Domain Q : Codomain A : Domain B : Codomain
Q

0/
P A B
_4
_5
1_

2
a
• •b _

20
3 6

Set { 4, 6 } is the RANGE

for the mapping from A to B
b is the
a is the
object image
M The relation from A into B
SP
above can also be written as set
In the above relation,
of ordered pairs
b is the imej of a ;
{(1, 4), (3, 6) }
a is the object of b.
4 is the image of 1 ;
The Object of 6 is 3.
ds

(iv) Set of ordered pairs of a relation takes the form of { (a , b), (c , d), ….. }
in

EXAMPLE QUESTION
tM

1. 1.
P = { 1, 2, 3} P = { 2, 4, 6}
Q = {2, 4, 6, 7, 10} Q = {2, 3, 6, 7, 10}
h

A relation from P into Q is defined by the set of A relation from P into Q is defined by the set of ordered
ordered pairs pairs
{ (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 6), (3, 7) }. { (2, 2), (4, 2), (6, 7) }.
ig

State State
Br

(a) the image of 1, Ans: 4 and 6 (a) the image of 4, Ans:

(b) the object of 4, Ans: 1 (b) the objects of 2, Ans:
(c) the domain, Ans: { 1, 2, 3 } (c) the domain, Ans:
(d) the codomain, Ans: {2,4,6,7,10} (d) the codomain, Ans:
(e) the range, Ans: { 4, 6, 7 } (e) the range, Ans:
(f) the type of relation Ans: many-to-many (f) the type of relation Ans:

Functions 1
 1.1 FUNCTION NOTATIONS
Notes:
(i) A function is usually represented using letters in its lower case : f , g , h …..
(ii) Given the function f : x  2 x  1 , we usually write it in the form f(x) = 2x + 1 before answering
any question.

1.2 FINDING THE VALUE OF FUNCTIONS [Mastery Exercise]

f (a) represent (a) the value of f(x) when x = a .

1
(b) the image of f when the object is a

2
EXAMPLE QUESTION
1. Given the function f : x  2 x 1 , 1. Given the function f : x  2 x  3 ,

0/
find (i) f (3) (ii) f (-4) find (i) f (2) (ii) f (-1)

2
Answer : f(x) = 2 x + 1 Answer : f(x) = 2 x + 3
(i) f ( 3 ) = 2 (3 ) + 1 (i) f(3) = 2( ) + 3

20
= 6+1 =
= 7 =
(ii) f (-2 ) = 2 (-2) + 1 (ii) f(-1) = 2 ( ) + 3
= -4+1
= -3
M =
=
SP
2. Given the function g : x  x 2  3 , find 2. Given the function g : x  x 2  5 , find
(i) g(0) (ii) g(4) (i) g(0) (ii) g(2)

Answer : g (x) = x2 - 3 Answer : g (x) = x2 - 5

ds

(i) g ( 0 ) = 02 - 3 (i) g ( 0 ) =
= 0 - 3 =
= -3 =
in

(ii) g (4) = 42 - 3 (ii) g (2) =

tM

= 16 – 3 =
= 13 =
6 4 9 3
3. Given the function h : x  , x , 3. Given the function h : x  , x ,
3x  4 3 2x  3 2
h

find h (2). find h(3).

ig

6
Jawapan : h ( x)  Jawapan: h ( x) 
3x  4
Br

6 h(3) =
h(2) =
3(2)  4
6
=
2
= 3

Functions 2
 1.2 FINDING THE VALUE OF FUNCTIONS [Reinforcement Exercises]
QUESTION ANSWER
1. Given the function f : x  3 x  1 , find
1. f ( x ) = 3x + 1

(a) f (0) (a) f ( 0 ) = 3 ( 0 ) + 1

=

1
(b) f (3)

2
(c) f(-2)

0/
(d) f(4)

(e) f(-3)

2
20
2 . Given the function g : x  x 2  3 x , find
2. g(x) = x2 - 3x

(a) g (0) (a) g (0) =

(b) g (2) M
SP
(c) g (4)

(d) g (-3)

(e) g (-1)
ds

6
3. Given the function h : x  , find
in

3 4x
tM

(a) h (0)

(b) h (1)
h
ig

(c) h ( 1 )
2
Br

(d) h(-3)

(e) h ( 1 )
4

Functions 3
 1.3 PROBLEM OF FUNCTIONS INVOLVING SIMPLE EQUATIONS. [1]
Note : Questions on functions usually involve solving linear / quadratic equations.

EXAMPLE QUESTION
1. Given that f : x  2 x 1 , find the value of x 1. Given that f : x  4 x  3 , find the value of x if
if f(x) = 5. f(x) = 17.

1
Answer : f (x) = 2 x – 1 Answer : f (x) = 4 x – 3
2x–1 = 5 4 x – 3 = 17

2
2x = 6 4x =

0/
 x = 3  x =

2. Given that f : x  5 x  3 , find the value of x 2. Given that f : x  3 x  7 , find the value of x if

2
if f(x) = -7. f(x) = 4.

20
Answer : f (x) = 5 x + 3 Answer :
5 x + 3 = -7
5x = - 10
 x = -2
M
SP
3. Given that g : x  x  2 , find the value of y 3. Given that g : x  3 x  2 , find the value of y if
if g(y) = 2y - 3 g(y) = 2y + 4.
Answer : g(x) = x + 2 Answer :
ds

g(y) = y + 2
y+2 = 2y–3
3+2 = 2y-y
in

y = 5
tM

4. Given that f : x  7 x  3 , g : x  4 x  15 , 4. Given that f : x  2 x 10 , g : x  4 x  2 ,

find the value of p if f(p) = g(p). find the value of x if f(x) = g(x).

Answer : f(x) = 7x – 3, g(x) = 4x + 15

h

f(p) = 7p – 3, g(p) = 4p + 15
ig

f(p) = g(p)
7p – 3 = 4p + 15
Br

3p = 18
p = 6

Functions 4
 PROBLEMS OF FUNCTIONS INVOLVING SIMPLE EQUATIONS. [2]

EXAMPLE QUESTION
5. Given that f : x  2 x 10 , g : x  x  7 , 5. Given f : x  3 x  9 , g : x  x  7 , find the
find the value of x if f(x) =  2 g(x) value of x if f(x) =  3 g(x).

A: f(x) = 2x - 10 , g(x) = x – 7
2x – 10 = - 2 (x – 7)

1
2x - 10 = - 2x + 14

2
4x = 24

0/
x = 6

6. Given that f : x  3 x  4 , find the values 6. Given that f : x  2 x  8 , find the values of x if

2
of x if f (x) = x2. f (x) = x2.

20
A: f(x) = 3x + 4
x2 = 3x + 4
x2 - 3x – 4 = 0
(x + 1) (x – 4) = 0
x = -1 or x = 4
M
SP
7. Given that g : x  3x 2  6 , find the values of 7. Given that g : x  2 x 2  5 , find the values of y if
y if g (y) = 6 . g (y) = 45 .
A: g(x) = 3x2 – 6
ds

g(y) = 3y2 - 6
3y2 - 6 = 6
in

3y2 – 12 = 0
2
(÷3) : y –4 = 0
tM

(y + 2) (y – 2) = 0
y = -2 or y = 2

8. Given that g : x  3x 2  6 , find the values of 8. Given that g : x  2 x 2  3 , find the values of p if
h

g(p) = - 5p .
p if g (p) = 7p.
ig

A: g(x) = 3x2 – 6
3p2 - 6
Br

g(p) =
3p2 - 6 = 7p
3p2 – 7p - 6 = 0
(3p+2) (p – 3) = 0
2
p=  atau p=3 .
3

Functions 5
 PROBLEM OF FUNCTIONS INVOLVING SIMPLE EQUATIONS [Reinforcement Exercises]

QUESTION ANSWER
1. Given the functions f : x  2 x  5 and 1. f(x) = 2x – 5 , g(x) = x + 2
g : x  x  2 , find (a) f(x) = 7
(a) the value of x if f(x) = 7 2x – 5 = 7

1
2x =
(b) the value of y if g(y) = 2y - 3 x =

2
(c) the value of p if f(p) = g(p)

0/
(d) the value of x if f(x) = – g(x)

2
2. Given the functions f : x  3 x  4 and 2. f (x) = , g(x) =

20
g : x  2 x , find (a) f (p) = -5
(a) the value of p if f(p) = -5 3p + 4 = -5

(b) the value of k if g(k) = 3k - 4

(c) the value of x if 2 f(x) = g(x)
(d) the values of y jika f(y) = y2
M
SP
ds

3. Given the function f : x  3 x 2  12 , 3. f (x) =

(a) f 2(-2) = f f(-2) f(-2) = 3(-2)2 – 12
(a) evaluate f 2 (-2). =
in

(b) solve the equation f(x) = 0. = f( )

(c) find the values of p if f(p) = 3p + 6. =

h tM

4. Given the functions f : x  x 2 and 4. f (x) = , g(x) =

ig

g : x  12  4 x , find
(a) the image of 3 that is mapped by f .
Br

(b) the values of x if f(x) = x,

(c) the values of y if f(y) = g(y).

Functions 6
 1.4 FINDING THE VALUE OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS [Mastery Exercises]
Notes : To find the value of fg(a) given the functions f and g, we can first find fg(x) and then
substitute x = a.
We can also follow the EXAMPLES below.
EXAMPLE 1 : EXAMPLE 2 :
Given that f : x  3 x  4 and g : x  2 x , Given that f : x  3  2 x and g : x  x 2 , find

1
find fg(3). gf(4).

2
Answer : f(x) = 3x - 4 , g(x) = 2x
g(3) = 2(3) Answer : f(x) = 3 – 2x , g(x) = x2.

0/
= 6 f(4) = 3 – 2(4)
fg(3) = f [ g(3) ] = 3–8

2
= f ( 6) = -5

20
= 3 (6) - 4 gf(4) = g (-5)
= 14 = (-5)2
= 25

EXERCISES M
SP
1. Given that f : x  2 x  1 and g : x  3 x , 2. Given that f : x  2 x  9 and g : x  1  3 x ,
find f g(1) . find gf(3).
ds
in
tM

3. Given the functions f : x  x  3 and 4. Given the functions f : x  3 x  7 and

g : x  4 x  1 , find g : x  4  2 x , find
(a) f g(1) (b) gf(1) (a) f g(0) (b) gf(0)
h
ig
Br

Functions 7
 FINDING THE VALUE OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS [Reinforcement Exercises]
1. Given that f : x  2 x  3 and g : x  4 x , 2. Given that f : x  2 x  5 and g : x  5 x , find
find fg(2) . gf(7) .

1
3. Given that f : x  x  4 and g : x  2 x  1 , 4. Given that f : x  3 x  4 and g : x  5  2 x ,

2
find find

0/
(a) fg(1) (b) gf(1) (a) fg(0) (b) gf(0)

2
20
5 Given the functions f : x  3 x 2 1 and M
6 Given that f : x  3 x and g : x  2  x 2 , find
SP
g : x  2  x , find (a) fg(-2) (b) gf(-2)
(a) fg(-1) (b) gf(-1)
ds
in
tM

7. Given the functions f : x  x  2 and 8. Given the functions f : x  2  x and

g : x  2  3 x  x 2 , find g : x  1  4 x  3x 2 , find
(a) fg(1) (b) gf(1) (a) fg(-1) (b) gf(-1)
h
ig
Br

Functions 8
 1.5 FINDING THE VALUE OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS f 2 , g 2

Notes : f 2(a) = ff (a) = f [ f (a) ]

EXAMPLE 1 : EXAMPLE 2 :
Given that f : x  3 x  2 , find f 2(2). Given that g : x  3  4 x , evaluate gg(1).
Answer : f(x) = 3x - 2 Answer : g(x) = 3 – 4x

1
f(2) = 3(2) – 2 = 4 g(1) = 3 – 4(1) = -1
f2(2) = f [ f(2) ] gg(1) = g [g(1)]

2
= f ( 4) = g ( -1)

0/
= 3 (4) – 2 = 3 – 4 (-1)
= 10 = 3+4

2
= 7

20
EXERCISES

1. Given that f : x  2 x  3 , find f 2(2) .

M
2. Given that g : x  x  5 , evaluate gg(3) .
SP

3. Given that g : x  2 x  1 , evaluate g 2(3). 4. Given that f : x  3 x  4 , find ff(0) .

ds
in

5. Given that g : x  2  5 x , find g 2(1). 6. Given that f : x  3 x 2  1 , find ff(1) .

h tM
ig

7. Given that g : x  4 x , evaluate gg(-2). 8. Diberi f : x  2 x 2  4 x  3 . Nilaikan f 2(0) .

Br

Functions 9
 1.6 BASIC EXERCISES BEFORE FINDING THE COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS [ 1 ]

EXAMPLE 1 : EXAMPLE 2 :
Given f : x  3x  1 , Given g : x  5  4x , .
f(x) = 3x + 1 g(x) = 5 – 4x
thus (a) f(2) = 3(2) + 1 thus (a) g(2) = 5 – 4(2) = 5 – 8 = -3

1
= 7 (b) g(a) = 5 – 4a

2
(b) f(a) = 3a+1 (c) g(p) = 5 – 4p

0/
(c) f(p) = 3 p + 1 (d) g(3k) = 5 – 4(3k) = 5 – 12 k
(d) f(2k) = 3 (2k) + 1 = 6k + 1 (e) g(x2) = 5 – 4x2

2
(e) f(2x) = 3 (2x) + 1 = 6x + 1 (f) g (3+2x) = 5 – 4 (3+2x)
(f) f(x2) = 3 x2 + 1

20
= 5 – 12 – 8x
= - 7 – 8x

EXERCISES
1. Given f : x  2x  3 , M
2 Given g : x  2  4x .
SP
f(x) = 2x + 3 g(x) =

thus (a) f(2) = 2(2) + 3 = thus (a) g (2) =

ds

(b) f(a) = (b) g(a) =

in

(c) f(p) = (c) g(s) =

tM

(d) f(2k) = (d) g(3x) =

h

(e) f(x2) = (e) g(x2) =

ig

(f) f(-x2 ) = (f) g (3+2x) =

Br

(g) f( - 3x) = (g) g(2 – 4x) =

Functions 10
 BASIC EXERCISES BEFORE FINDING THE COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS [ 2 ]

1. Given f : x  4  2x , 2 Given g : x   2x  1 .
f(x) = 4 – 2x g(x) =

1
thus (a) f(3) = 4 – 2 (3) = thus (a) g(-1) =

2
(b) f(-x) = (b) g(2x) =

0/
(c) f(2+x) = (c) g(x-2) =

2
(d) f(3 -x) = (d) g(-3x) =

20
(e) f(x2) = (e) g(x2) =

(f) f(-x2 +2) =

M (f) g (1-2x) =
SP
3. Given f : x  1 x , 4 Given g : x  2( x  2) , .
f(x) = g(x) =
ds

thus (a) f(10) = thus (a) g(-1) =

in

(b) f(3x) = (b) g(2x) =

tM

(c) f(2 - x) = (c) g(x-1) =

h

(d) f(4+x) = (d) g(-x) =

ig

(e) f(2x- 3) = (e) g(x2) =

Br

(f) f(x2) = (f) g (1+2x) =

Functions 11
 1.7 FINDING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

EXAMPLE 1 : EXAMPLE 2 :
Given that f : x  3 x  4 and g : x  2 x , Given that f : x  3  2 x and g : x  x 2 , find the
find fg(x). composite function gf.
Answer : f(x) = 3x - 4 , g(x) = 2x

1
fg(x) = f [ g(x) ] Answer: f(x) = 3 – 2x , g(x) = x2.

2
= f ( 2x) gf(x) = g[f(x)]

0/
= 3 (2x) - 4 = g (3 – 2x)
= 6x – 4 = (3- 2x)2

2
OR OR
fg(x) = f [ g(x) ] gf(x) = g[f(x)]

20
= 3 [g(x)] - 4 = [f(x)]2
= 3 (2x) – 4 = (3- 2x)2
= 6x-4 thus gf : x  (3  2 x) 2

M
SP
EXERCISES
1. Given that f : x  2 x  3 and g : x  4 x , 2. Given that f : x  2 x  5 and g : x  5 x , find
find fg(x) . the composite function gf .
ds
in
tM

3. Given the functions f : x  x  4 and 4. Given that f : x  3 x  4 and g : x  5  2 x ,

g : x  2 x  1 , find find
h

(a) fg(x) (b) gf(x) (b) f g (b) gf

ig
Br

Functions 12
 REINFORCEMENT EXERCISES FOR FINDING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

1. Given the functions f : x  3x  2 and 2. Given that f : x  3 x and g : x  2  x 2 , find

g : x  2  2 x , find the composite functions
(a) fg(x) (b) gf(x) (a) fg (b) gf

2 1
2 0/
20
3. Given the functions f : x  x  4 and 4. Given that f : x  3  x and g : x   4 x  3 ,
g : x  1  3 x , find find the composite functions
(a) fg(x) (b) gf(x)
M (a) f g (b) gf
SP
ds
in
tM

5. Given the functions f : x  x  2 and 6. Given that f : x  2  5 x and g : x  1  x 2 ,

g : x  5  2 x , find find the composite function gubahan
(a) fg(x) (b) gf(x) (a) fg (b) gf
h
ig
Br

Functions 13
 REINFORCEMENT EXERCISES FOR FINDING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS [ f2 and g2 ]

1. Given that f : x  3x  2 , find f 2(x). 2. Given that f : x  3 x , find the function f 2.

f(x) = 3x + 2
f2(x) = f [f(x)]
= f (3x + 2) or 3f(x) + 2

1
= 3(3x+2) + 2

2
=

0/
3. Given that g : x  1  3 x , find gg(x) 4. Given that g : x   4 x  3 , find the function

2
g 2.

20
5. Given that f : x  x  2 , find ff(x) .
M
6. Given that f : x  2  5 x , find the function f 2.
SP
ds

7. Given that f : x  3  4 x , find f 2(x). 8. Given that f : x  5 x , find the function f 2.

in
h tM
ig

1 2
9. Given that g : x  x , find g 2(x). 10. Given that h : x  , find the function f 2.
2 x2
Br

Functions 14
 1.8 INVERSE FUNCTIONS

Notes : 1. Students must be skillful in changing the subject of a formula !

2. If f (x) = y, then x = f –1(y) OR if f –1(x) = y, then x = f(y)

EXAMPLE 1. Given that f(x) = 2x – 3 , find f –1(x).

1
METHOD 1 METHOD 2

2
Given f(x) = 2x – 3 , Given f(x) = 2x – 3
then f –1( 2x – 3 ) = x. then f(y) = 2y – 3

0/
f –1 ( y ) = x when y = 2x – 3 f –1 ( 2y – 3 ) = y
y + 3 = 2x f –1 ( x ) = y when x = 2y – 3

2
y3 x + 3 = 2y

20
x =
2 x3
y =
y3 2
f –1(y) =
2 x3
 f –1 (x) =
x3
 f –1(x) =
2 M 2
SP
Students are advised to master only one of the methods !

DRILLING PRACTICES ON CHANGING SUBJECT OF A FORMULA [ 1 ]

ds

1. If y = 3x – 2 , then x = 2. If y = 4x – 2 , then x =

3x – 2 = y 4x – 2 = y
in

3x = y+2 4x =
y2 x =
x =
tM

3. If y = 3 – 6x , then x = 4. If y = 4 – 5x , then x =
h
ig
Br

5. If y = 3 + 5x , then x = 6. If y = 10x – 4 , then x =

Functions 15
 DRILLING PRACTICES ON CHANGING SUBJECT OF A FORMULA [ 2 ]

2x  5 3x  2
1. If y = , then x = 2. If y = , then x =
4 5

2x  5
= y
4

1
2x – 5 = 4y
2x =

2
x =

0/
3. If y = 5 + 6x , then x = 1
4. If y = 4 – x , then x =
2

2
20
3 6. If y = 6x – 9 , then x =
5. If y = 6 + x , then x =
2
M
SP
ds

1 2
7. If y = , then x = 8. If y = , then x =
3x  2 4 x
in
h tM

x 1 2x
9. If y = , then x = 10. If y = , then x =
ig

4x  2 3 x
Br

Functions 16
 DETERMINING THE INVERSE FUNCTION FROM A FUNCTION OF THE TYPE
ONE-TO-ONE CORRESPONDENCE
EXAMPLE 1 : 2x  1
EXAMPLE 2 : Given that f : x  , x  2,
Given that f(x) = 4x – 6 , find f (x). –1 2 x
find f –1(x).
Answer : 2x  1
Given f(x) =

1
Given f(x) = 4x – 6 2 x
2y 1

2
so f (y) = 4y – 6 so f(y) =
2 y
then f –1( 4y – 6 ) = y.

0/
2y 1
f –1( x ) = y when x = 4y – 6 then f –1( ) = y
2 y

2
x + 6 = 4y
2y 1
x6 f –1( x ) = y when x =

20
y= 2 y
4
x(2 - y) = 2y + 1
x6
 f –1(x) =
4 2x – xy = 2y + 1

M 2x – 1 = 2y + xy
2x – 1 = y(2 + x)
SP
2x  1
y =
2 x
2x 1
 f –1( x ) = , x  -2.
x2
ds

EXERCISES
1. Given that f : x  4 + 8x , find f –1. 2. Given that g : x  10 – 2x , find g–1.
in
h tM
ig

3. Given that f : x  4 – 3x , find f –1. 4. Given that g : x  15 + 6x , find g –1 .

Br

Functions 17
 MASTERY EXERCISES ON FINDING THE INVERSE OF A FUNCTION

1. Given that f : x  10 – 8x , find f –1 . 1

2. Given that g : x  3 – x , find g–1 .
2

2 1
3. Given that f : x  5 + 2x , find f –1 . 4. Given that g : x  3 – x , find g–1 .

2 0/
20
2x  5 3x  2
5. Given that f(x) = , find f –1 (x). 6. Given that g(x) = , find g–1 (x).
4 6

M
SP
7. Given that f : x  6x - 15 , find f –1 . 3
8. Given that g : x  3 – x , find g –1 .
4
ds
in
tM

x2 2x
9. Given that f(x) = , find f –1(x). 10. Given that g(x) = , find g–1 (x).
4x  2 4 x
h
ig
Br

Functions 18
 FINDING THE VALUE OF f–1 (a) WHEN GIVEN f(x)

Example : Given that f : x  2x + 1, find the value of f –1(7).

METHOD 1 METHOD 2
[ Finding f –1 first ] [ Without finding f –1(x) ]
f(x) = 2x + 1 f(x) = 2x + 1
f(y) = 2y + 1 Let f –1(7) = k

1
f –1(2y + 1) = y
f(k) = 7
f –1(x) = y when x = 2y + 1

2
x – 1 = 2y 2k + 1 = 7

0/
x 1 2k = 6
y =
2 k = 3
x 1

2
–1
f (x) =
2  f –1(7) = 3

20
7 1
f –1(7) =
2
= 3
( If you are not asked to find f –1( x ) but only want to have the value of f –1( a ), then use Method 2 )

EXERCISES
1. Given that f : x  x + 2, find the value of
M2. Given that g : x  7 – x , find the value of
SP
f –1(3). g–1(2).

3. Given that f : x  7 – 3x , find the value of 4. Given that g : x  5 + 2x , find the value of
ds

f –1(-5). g–1 (5).

in
tM

5. Given that f : x  3x -2, find the value of 6. Given that g : x  7 – x , find the value of
f –1 (10). g–1(2).
h

7. Given that f : x  4 + 6x , find the value of 1

8. Given that g : x  – x , find the value of
ig

f –1(-2). 2
g–1(4).
Br

4 3
9. Given that f : x  , find the value of 10. Diberi g : x  , cari nilai g-1(-1).
x 3 2 x
f –1 ( -1 ).

Functions 19
 Finding the Other Related Component Function when given a Composite Function
and One of its Component Function
TYPE 1 ( Easier Type ) TYPE 2 ( More Challenging Type )
Given the functions f and fg, find the function g. Given the functions f and gf , find the function g .
OR OR
Given the functions g and gf, find the function f. Given the functions g and fg , find the function f .

1
EXAMPLE :
1. Given the functions f : x  2 x  3 and 2. Given the functions f : x  2 x  5 and

2
fg : x  6 x  1 , find the function g . g f : x  10 x  25 , find the function g .

0/
Answer : f(x) = 2x + 3 Answer : f(x) = 2x – 5

2
fg(x) = 6x – 1 gf(x) = 10x – 25
Find g(x) from fg(x) = 6x – 1 Find g(x) from gf(x) = 10x – 25

20
f [g(x)] = 6x – 1 g [ f(x) ] = 10x – 25
2 g(x) + 3 = 6x – 1 g ( 2x – 5) = 10x – 25
2 g(x) = 6x – 4 g ( 2y – 5) = 10y – 25
 g(x) = 3x - 2
M g(x) = 10y – 25 when x = 2y – 5
x + 5 = 2y
SP
x5
y=
2
x5
So : g(x) = 10 ( ) – 25
2
ds

= 5x + 25 – 25
 g(x) = 5x
in

EXERCISES
1. Given the functions f : x  2 x  2 and 2. Given the functions f : x  2 x  2 and
tM

fg : x  4  6 x , find the function g . g f : x   5  6 x , find the function g .

Answer : Answer :
h
ig
Br

Functions 20
 REINFORCEMENT EXERCISES on finding Component Function from Composite Function
( TYPE 1 )

1. Given the functions f : x  2x – 3 and 2. Given the functions g: x  x + 3 and

fg : x 2x + 3, find the function g . gf : x  2x , find the function f .
Answer : Answer :

2 1
0/
3. Given the functions f : x  3x + 4 and 4. Given the functions g : x  2x - 1 and

2
fg : x 6x + 1, find the function g . gf : x 6x + 7 , find the function f .
Answer : Answer :

20
5. Given the functions f : x  2 – x and
M
6. Given the functions p : x  2x and
SP
fg : x 2 – 2x , find the function g,. pq : x 4 – 2x , find the function q.
Answer : Answer :
ds
in

7. Given the functions g : x  2 + 4x and 8. Given the functions f : x  2x + 7 and

gf : x  6 + 4x2, find the function f . fg : x  7 – 4x , find the function g .
tM

Answer : Answer :
h
ig

9. Given the functions h : x  1 – x and 10. Given the functions h : x  3x + 1 and

Br

hg : x  1 – 3x2, find the function g. hf : x 7 – 9x2 , find the function f .

Answer : Answer :

Functions 21
 REINFORCEMENT EXERCISES on finding Component Function from Composite Function
( TYPE 2 )

1. Given the functions f : x  2x - 3 and 2. Given the functions g: x  x + 3 and

gf: x 2x , find the function g,. fg : x  2x + 3 , find the function f.
Answer : Answer :

2 1
0/
3. Given the functions f : x  3x + 4 and Given the functions g : x  2x - 1 and

2
4.
gf : x  6x + 7, find the function g,. fg : x  6x + 1 , find the function f.

20
Answer : Answer :

M
SP
5. Given the functions f : x  2 – x and 6. Given the functions g : x  2x and
gf : x 4 – 2x , find the function g,. fg : x 2 – 2x , find the function f.
ds

Answer : Answer :
in
tM

7. Given the functions f : x  3x and 8. Given the functions f : x  2 + 4x and

gf : x  1 - 3x , find the function g,. gf : x 5 + 16x + 16x2, find the function g,.
h

Answer : Answer :
ig
Br

Functions 22
 QUESTIONS BASED ON SPM FORMAT

1. 2.
P = { 1, 2}
2, 3}
Q = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} a• •p
b• •q
Base on the information above, a relation from P into c• •r
Q is defined by the set of ordered pairs •s

1
{ (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 6), (2, 8) }.
A B

2
State The above diagram shows the relation between set A
(a) the images of 1, Ans: and set B

0/
(b) the object of 4, Ans: State
(c) the domain, Ans: (a) the images of b, Ans:
(d) the codomain, Ans: (b) the objects of p, Ans:

2
(e) the range, Ans: (c) the domain, Ans:
(f) the type of relation Ans: (d) the codomain, Ans:

20
(e) the range, Ans:
(f) the type of relation Ans:
3. Given the functions f : x  2 x  1 and 4. Given the functions g : x  4 x  1 and
g : x  x  3 , find
2
h : x  x 2  3 , find
(a) f –1 (5) , (a) g –1 (3) ,
(b) gf (x) .
M (b) hg (x) .
SP
ds

5. Given the function f : x  2  3 x and 6. Given the functions f : x  2 x  1 and

in

h : x  x  x  2 , find
2
h : x  2  x 2 , find
(a) f –1 (3) , (a) f –1( –1) ,
tM

(b) hf (x) , (b) hf (x) ,

(c) f2 (x) . (c) f h(x).
h
ig
Br

Functions 23
 1 3 8. Given that f : x  2 x  1 , g : x  4 x and
7. Given that f : x  4 x  m and f : x  nx  ,
4 fg : x  ax  b , find the values of a and b .
find the values of m and n.

2 1
2 0/
20
1 [ a = 8 ; b = –1 ]
[ m = –3 ; n = 4
]
9. Given that f : x  x  3 , g : x  a  bx 2 and 10. Given that g : x  m  3 x and g 1 : x  2kx 
4
,
gf : x  6 x 2  36 x  56 , find the values of a and b . 3
find the values of m and k.

M
SP
ds
in

[a=2;b=6] [ k = 16 ; m = 4 ]
tM

11. Given that g(x) = mx + n and g2 (x) = 16x – 25 , 2x  3

find the values of m and n. 12. Given the inverse function f 1 ( x)  , find
2
(a) the value of f(4),
(b) the value of k if f –1 (2k) = –k – 3 .
h
ig
Br

25
[ m = 4 , n = –5 ; m = –4 , n = 3
] [ (a) 11
; (b) k =  1
]
2 2

Functions 24
 QUESTIONS BASED ON SPM FORMAT

1. (SPM 06, P2, Q2) 2. Given the function f : x  2 x  1 and

Given the function f : x  3 x  2 and x
x g:x  2 , find
g : x   1 , find 3
5 (a) f –1 (x) ,
–1
(a) f (x) , (b) f – 1 g(x) ,

1
(b) f – 1 g(x) , (c) h(x) such that hg(x) = 6x – 3 .
(c) h(x) such that hg(x) = 2x + 6 .

2
2 0/
20
M
SP
(a) x2 (b) x  15 (c) 10x – 4 (a) x 1 (b) 1 1 (c) 18x + 9
x
3 10 2 6 2
3. (SPM 06, P1, Q2) p  3x
Diagram 3 shows the function g : x 
ds

mx 4. ,
Diagram 2 shows the function h : x  , x2
x x  2 , where p is a constant.
x  0 , where m is a constant.
in

g p  3x
h mx x x2
x x
tM

7
8
1 5

2
Diagram 3
Diagram 2
h

Find the value of p.

Find the value of m.
ig
Br

m=4 p=4

Functions 25