Ch.

2 Linear Motion 2) Vary ω1 while keeping ω0 fixed,

 max /S occurs at #S^_`  A#,  2= 

  sin   sin

Simple pendulum:



   1  cos
  1  cos 
- Natural frequency is between resonant frequency

 - = is the half-width of the resonance

and undamped frequency

#
a  ,b2= is the quality factor and is the ratio of
1 resonance amplitude to amplitude at #S  0
Simple harmonic oscillator:
      ,      ,

2

      g

2"   MN  c Md efdCN

! ,# 
#  dh6g
1 k

i  j
'1 62i34 *'
 $ 0: ! ,
'  ( cos#' ) * cos#', g
-,
(  , , *  '  transient ) c 0i 1 2i34
#
or '  / cos#'  ,
ih6g

i
(  / cos , *  / sin 0i 
1 1 #S ) 79#S ) 

or '  01 234 ) 51 6234 Single impulse l at '  0; 0  0:
2 2
0  (  7*  /1 628 , 5  ( ) 7*  /1 28 0, 'I0
'  m l n ; -,  l
1 6F4
sin#' , '$0 
#
*  * Sum of impulse forces lp at time 'p :
Damped harmonic oscillator:
  )9 )   0
*' *' '  transient ) c q'  'p lp , rs1t1
9 
, #,  >
p
let =  0, ' I 'p
2 
q'  'p   m l 6F464u  n
1 sin#'  'p  , ' $ 'p
let γ@  = @ A=   #, #
1 1
B $ CD E '  01 6FG4 ) 01 6FH4 4
Arbitrary force
2 2 '  transient ) j q'  '  
'  *' 
B I CD E '  /1 6F4 cos#'  , 4v

where #  A#,  = I #, - ', is first time at which force becomes non-zero

Mw  xw
Ch.3 Energy and Angular momentum
- Frequency of damped oscillator is always lower

B  CD E '  / ) L'1 6F4 xyM0

than that of undamped oscillator

*w
Projectile with no drag:

 z {  |
*  * *'
Forced harmonic oscillator
  )9 )  
' 1
*' *' '  / ) L', }'  ( ) *'  ' 
MN  MO PQRCO N 2
'  /S cos#S '  S  ) /1 6F4 cos#'  

S *w *w
where /S  ,
Projectile with drag:

 z {  9 ) |
T#,  #S  ) 4=  #S *' *'
2=#S if -,  ~, 0, r€
tan S   , 0 I S I " if
S $ 0, 
#,  #S
'  1  1 6F4 ,
/, are constants determined by initial conditions =
r  '
}'  z )  { 1  1 6F4  
= = =
Resonance:

S
1) Vary ω0 while keeping ω1 fixed,
max /S  at #,  #S
9#S
 =r )   = „
}   )  ln
1  ¢t  ) t £ ¡
= =  2t 

wyM  
Torque and angular momentum Inverse square law:

M w¤, t 
*w t  t
‚  w y ƒ  w y
*' „  1
*‚ let   E ¢t  || z   {
 || 2t t
*' 1
¢ z {  0
2
  0, ‚  constant ||
Central forces:

¢    0, ¢  
*0 „ 2

*' 2 Circular orbit: ¦  §ˆ‰ ¨w
…  † PQR ‡  w Rˆ‰ Š PQR ‡ ||
¡ Œ)
‹  † Rˆ‰ ‡  w Rˆ‰ Š Rˆ‰ ‡ 2
}  }  t cos ||  ||
 zby de©inition,   { E Œ 
1 *Ž 
*  *}   t 2
Œ   z { ) Ž z { ) z {  for cylindrical
2 *' *' *' ||
E PˆªP«¬­ª Qª®ˆ¯ R°±±²: -  >
1 *t 
* 

Œ   z { ) t  z {
2 *' *' Repulsive case: t³1 (´µ  ,   1¶  
*  Attractive case: t³1 (´µ  ,  ) 1¶  
) t sin z { { for spherical
 
*' 2¡
1  )1
||
4•
*“S *“i —•
Lagrangian:

l  j ’ z“S , … , “i , ,…, { *'  j ’–, –  *  geometry)

*' *'
Elliptical orbit in Cartesian form: (see page 87 for
4v —v
 ) /1 – 
˜™ › ˜™ ˜™ › ˜™ ) 1
/ L
 œ D z  z  {  D{
˜šf ›N ˜ z›šf { ˜‹ ›… ˜‹  ||  „
›N /   , L  / 
1  1  2|¡| 2|¡|
*“S *“i !  / ·
ž  Œ    Œ z“S , … , “i , ,…, {  “S , … , “i 

*' *'
 /·  , ¸  body ®±ˆ‰¹ Qª®ˆ¯±²
2" || q¸
  /1 – 
 ž  ž *Ÿ2  1
Generalized momenta and forces

Ÿ2  ,
2  E 
2 / L
*“2  “2 *' || 
 z {  „
*' /   , L  / 
1  1 2¡ 2¡
|| 1
* w L  cot z2 º{
Chapter 4: Central Conservative Forces

   w -g
*'
 –
)  1, }  0
/ L 

1 *t  * 
In polar coordinates:

¡   z { ) t  z {  ) t
2 *' *'
*
„  t 
*'
Radial energy equation (eliminate * b*' from above):
1 *t  „
z { ) ) t  ¡
2 *' 2t 
Range of motion: