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Art. 1376. The usage or custom of the place shall be Art. 1314. Any third person who induces another to
borne in mind in the interpretation of the ambiguities of a violate his contract shall be liable for damages to the
contract, and shall fill the omission of stipulations which other contracting party. (n)
are ordinarily established. (1287)
Art. 2150. Although the officious management may not
MUTUALITY OF CONTRACTS
have been expressly ratified, the owner of the property or
business who enjoys the advantages of the same shall be
Art. 1308. The contract must bind both contracting
liable for obligations incurred in his interest, and shall
parties; its validity or compliance cannot be left to the will
reimburse the officious manager for the necessary and
of one of them. (1256a)
useful expenses and for the damages which the latter may
have suffered in the performance of his duties.
Art. 1182. When the fulfillment of the condition depends
upon the sole will of the debtor, the conditional obligation
Art. 1729. Those who put their labor upon or furnish
shall be void. If it depends upon chance or upon the will of
materials for a piece of work undertaken by the contractor
a third person, the obligation shall take effect in
have an action against the owner up to the amount owing
conformity with the provisions of this Code. (1115)
from the latter to the contractor at the time the claim is
made. However, the following shall not prejudice the PERFECTION
laborers, employees and furnishers of materials:
Art. 1318. There is no contract unless the following
(1) Payments made by the owner to the requisites concur:
contractor before they are due; (1) Consent of the contracting parties;
(2) Renunciation by the contractor of any amount (2) Object certain which is the subject matter of
due him from the owner. the contract;
This article is subject to the provisions of special laws.
(3) Cause of the obligation which is established.
(1597a)
(1261)
CONSENSUALITY OF CONTRACTS ARTICLE 1319
NEGOTIATION