Environmental Conditions Assessment: Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area

Environmental Conditions Assessment Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area
Environmental
Conditions
Assessment
Burnaby Mountain
Conservation Area
November, 2019
Prepared by: Dillon Consulting Limited
1
With an
understanding of
current condition of
natural assets and
environmental
impacts, management
actions can be
prioritized and
implemented to
address the most
important locations
where conflicts
between assets and
impacts occur.”
2
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction Page 04
2.0 Environmental Conditions Page 00

09
Assessment Methods
3.0 Natural Assets within Deer Page 12

Lake Park
4.0 Stressors and User Impacts Page 25
5.0 Management Priorities and Page 36

Recommendations
6.0 Implementation Plan Page 46
7.0 References Page 49
3
1.0
Introduction
4
Photo 1: Young Ferns
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Historic and Current Use of Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area
Burnaby Mountain has featured prominently on the landscape of what is now the Greater Vancouver Area for
millennia. The mountain rises 366 metres above Burrard Inlet (Pacific Ocean) and is a remnant of Eocene
terrestrial sedimentary rocks that are part of a Cretaceous-Cenozoic fill in the Georgia Basin (Francioni et al,
2018). Situated in the centre of the indigenous territory of the Coast Salish peoples, the mountain was
culturally significant because of its closeness to the Creator. For generations, the Coast Salish used Burnaby
Mountain’s forests of large western red cedar, western hemlock and Douglas fir for hunting and gathering.
The Sḵwx̱ wú7mesh (Squamish) people harvested the bark of arbutus and cedar trees on the mountain for
medicinal and other cultural purposes (Bouchard and Kennedy, 1986).
Burnaby Mountain was first logged in 1903 and virtually all of the old growth trees on the mountain were
harvested with the exception of isolated stands in steep ravine areas (City of Burnaby, 2019). The mountain
became a popular hiking area in the 1920s and in 1942 an area of Burnaby Mountain was designated as a
public park. In 1957, following adjustments of park boundaries and the selection of an area for the Centennial
Pavilion, the park was re-named Burnaby Mountain Park (City of Burnaby, 2019). Development on Burnaby
Mountain expanded considerably with the establishment of Simon Fraser University (SFU) at the top of the
mountain in the mid-1960s. Almost 30 years later, the University transferred approximately 800 acres of its
land to be designated as the Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area with the stipulation that the land be used
for conservation purposes (City of Burnaby, 2019). In a referendum held in the same year as the land transfer,
Burnaby voters chose to maintain the non-SFU lands as parkland (Friars, 2000). A formal management plan
5
Because of its natural, recreational,

and cultural heritage values, the
existing Burnaby Mountain
Conservation Area is considered a
regional visitor destination.
for the park was approved in 1999 (Axys 1999) and the decision to formally rename the park Burnaby
Mountain Conservation Area, reflecting its intended use and philosophy, was approved in 2000.
Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area is Burnaby’s largest public park and recreational area. It includes a
public trail network of 28 trails totalling almost 30 kilometres including a portion of the Trans Canada Trail,
as well as small parking lots, a bike park, the Centennial Pavilion, the Harry Jerome Sports Centre
(Velodrome), and other support facilities (City of Burnaby, 2019). Forests, fields, ravines and creeks are used
extensively by an array of wildlife including large mammals and species at risk. As well, the deep cultural
heritage of Burnaby Mountain is presented with sculptural landmarks, interpretive displays and two
indigenous totem poles. Because of its central proximity and unique biophysical and cultural heritage values
in the Lower Mainland region, the Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area is a very popular recreational
resource and regional destination for residents and visitors from Burnaby and many communities of the
Greater Vancouver Area. Figure 1 illustrates the Park boundaries, features and assets.
1.2 Project Purpose
The City of Burnaby Parks, Recreation and Cultural Services Department ensures that the community has
opportunities for personal growth through access to beautiful outdoor spaces, recreation programs as well as
6
m onds W a lk
Drum BURRARD INLET
R City of Burnaby
Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area
D
TEX ACO
Si mon Creek Existing Park Assets

i BARN k Figure 1
l
Tra
ET RD Cree
R
Crab
D
-2
LEGEND
l
om .1
T
rai
Mo
Taka ya C re ek
r ib .1
im ib
l odr
S
E
un on Tr
b .1
L
t a in Air T
k
IN Tr ee Ha ng You r Hat
s
T Cr
Ve
Submarine
Ali
on
Tr i
Simon T ri
MULTI USE TRAIL (PEDESTRIAN / CYCLING / EQUESTRIAN)
ib .
Sim Ni
ol s
.2
cev
1
on
ch
b
ch
Ba r n et Trail
Tri
o
ille
m
i
Ni
P
ls T
S
DUAL USE TRAIL (PEDESTRIAN / CYCLING)
ab
DR
C re
Home Trail
rib.1
Cr
n .3
Su b m a
a
ek
b
ib
Tr ib.2
.2
Tr
D R
do
E
PEDESTRIAN ONLY TRAIL

ra n
DANGER - RUGGED STEEP TERRAIN
mo
SID
Tra i Si
-2
ri n
G E
g ar
l
Trib .2
WITH DROP OFFS AND CLIFFS.
e
URBAN TRAIL (ASPHALT MULTI USE)
AE
Co u
sC
RID
ree
ib . 1
NO ACCESS
BR
s
ome'
Cra b
k
UNOFFICIAL TRAIL
b .1
Tr
Gn
Tr i
le
e vil
Ridge view Trail
ab
Trail ic
Hi l l
PA N D O R A
Cr
ST
k
Al
ree
a
ns Canad Tr a il
ac
rC
Tra BC HYDRO (PRIVATE)
di
a
Burnw ood Trail
ug
Ca r
Co
BURNABY MOUNTAIN CONSERVATION AREA
W Y
De
UN
HA STI NG S ST
IV
E a
R
d
Na tu UN
CEN TE NN IA L
SI M
Pow
IV E
re T
Y RS CONTOURS (10m)
Tra il IT
ope d Tr ai l
Y
D
WATERCOURSE
C
e rlin
R
R
SIMON FRASER
SIMON FRASER
UNIVERSITY UN
e Tra i l
1 IV
-1- UNIVERSITY ER ROAD
B r ib.6 SI
TY
eT
DITCH
UN IO N S T U gl HIG
R Ea H S
N
A
S
O
U
T il
Tra
R RD
B TH
Y CA
M MP
's
Ea g
US
O
U R l
TOW E
Me
N D
H EW I T T
le
S T T
A Ge
Tr
ar J a
No
IN A
ib.3-2
.3
-1-2 ib
1
P Y
Stoney T r
.1 -
rt h Roa d
CU RTI S S T A
ri b
C T
ib .
b.6 .7
Y
mm
S
b
rT
Tr
ver r Tri
H
1
-1 -
l ve
IR er
YO RS TO N
Silv
CT
er Tra i l
b .1
E
Si
e
lv
Tri
ri Si
St
rT
DR
Tr a il
.1
o
Eagle Trib.6-1
MA RS DE N
ne
rib
e
.4
v
Si l
AU BR EY
yT
S T
Si l
ey T
r ib
ri b
BU
rT
.3
St
Sto
-3
ve
-1
o
St o
RN
ne
Sil
Side ney
Watermain Tra il
Lo
y Tr
i b .3
W O
B andit T
Tr
r ail -1-1
w
i b.3
e
GLEN
St
OD DR
-2
r Sna e ra i l
-1-1
on
Nic
AV
ey
Tr
Si l v e
-1
ABBE ib.
A U GU S TA AV
l e 's
o
Side w 3B
T rai l
Y DR
DUTHIE
il
rT k
Tra
i b .1 -1
in
ri b
GRE
YS T O de ne
NE
e Li
T
r
.5
Pi p
D
y Tr
R Tra
.6
e
i
ib
Sto n
Tr
g le
Ea
Ji m
.5
Si d
V
ri b
ri b
A
le T e
eT
Ea g wi
's u n gl e
HALIFAX ST
S
gl
de
n
Ea
IP
J
.4
S
o uth Tra
LL
G
ri b A
il
eT G
I
l L
PH
ag Eagle Tri b .3 A
R
E
D R Tra
SHE LLM O N T ST I C il 0 50 100 200 300 400 500 Meters
P K
W E
Y O
V ek
SCALE 1:15,000
e
R N
Cr
DR
R D
G R
OD
H U
y
ne
Ea S B
A
AV
gle H
Sto
W O
MAP DRAWING INFORMATION:
NO RT H
Cre GRO T
S T VE A
ek RE DR R ESRI Basemaps, City of Burnaby
FO
ADO
L
ARDEN
UNDERHI L
MO NTECI TO MAP CREATED BY: RBB

DR MAP CHECKED BY: JH, SK
ME
MAP PROJECTION: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N

r C re ek
.1
ri b
AV
M AP LE GROVE
T
CR
e
er
Silv
v
Sil
SL
V
PROJECT: 19-9546
e Trib.2
T2
St o ne
Eagle Trib
B R O A D WAY STATUS: FINAL
yT
gl
DATE: 2019-07-09
ri b
Ea
TYNDA
LE
.2
CR
Document Path: G:\GIS\2019\199546 Burnaby Mountain and Deer Lake\MXD\Final\199546 Figure 2 - Existing Park Attributes and Features.mxd
cultural and fine art facilities. Providing and maintaining park spaces is an important mandate of the
Department who are dedicated to the preservation and guardianship of the city’s 152 parks and trail systems
for this and future generations.
Preservation and guardianship requires ongoing assessment of the health of a park’s environmental values or
“assets” in the context of the effects or “impacts” that natural processes, park use and user groups may have
on those assets. With an understanding of current condition of natural assets and environmental impacts,
management actions can be prioritized and implemented to address the most important locations where
conflicts between assets and impacts occur. Additionally, a snapshot of environmental condition can be used
for the monitoring of park health over time.
The City has initiated an Environmental Conditions Assessment of Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area to
support the long-term management of environmental and recreational values of this important Burnaby park.
This Environmental Conditions Assessment is one of several conditions assessments being undertaken at
Burnaby parks.
Natural Asset
Management
The application of natural asset management
mirrors the concept of infrastructure asset
management which is typically used by a
municipality or other organization to minimize
the lifecycle costs of owning, operating, and
maintaining infrastructure (e.g., water lines,
sewers), at an acceptable level of risk, while
delivering an expected level of service for
present and future customers.
Like infrastructure asset management, by

understanding the condition, value and
stressors of natural assets in parks,
management needs can be prioritized and
timely investments made to efficiently and
sustainably maintain the assets at a level of
health expected by regulators and park users.
8
2.0
Environmental
Conditions
Assessment
Methods
9
Photo 2: View of a stormwater control installed on Simon Creek on the north side of the base of BMCA.
2.0 Environmental Conditions Assessment Methods

The approach to the Environmental Conditions Assessment included the “desktop” review of published and
unpublished literature and on-site assessments to broadly characterize environmental health of Burnaby
Mountain Conservation Area, considering the biophysical assets represented, the Park’s ecological diversity,
as well as the range of observable impacts from natural processes and park uses and users.
Key steps to undertaking the Environmental Conditions Assessment were:
 Compile existing data and literature related to biophysical park assets and recreational values;
 Collect preliminary baseline information about biophysical features within the park boundaries;
 Characterize general landscape types;
 Identify significant natural impacts as well as user related impacts (where possible); and
 Identify areas where natural assets conflict with recreational use and provide a preliminary ranking of
management priorities to assist in the long-term maintenance of ecological integrity of the park.
Further description of key study methods and general limitations are discussed below.
2.1 Literature Review
The desktop review for Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area included publicly-available resources to
identify environmental values including historic records of rare and sensitive species occurrences that may
be known to occur within or adjacent to the Park. Available secondary source databases and wildlife sources
were also used to identify a list of potential fish and wildlife species that may occur. These included but
were not limited to the following:
 Publicly available GIS databases including the City’s web-based mapping portal, iMap, BurnabyMap,
Habitat Wizard, and Metro Vancouver’s Sensitive Ecosystem Inventory Mapping tool;
 Published and unpublished reports provided by the City;
 Aerial photographs and imagery;
 Species at risk public registry; and
 Other online or publicly-available resources.
The results of the desktop assessment served as the foundation to guide the establishment of a digital
database and the on-site field assessments of environmental features and functions of Burnaby Mountain
Conservation Area, as described in Sections 2.2 and 2.3.
10
2.2 Geospatial Analysis
Geospatial information identified during the

desktop review was compiled into a geographic
information system to establish a Burnaby
Mountain Conservation Area-specific database.
Prior to the initiation of field assessment
activities, a digital data form was created
identifying eight different feature classes that
could be used to efficiently capture field
observations using digital technology. The
feature classes were: Habitat Type Point; Habitat
Type Polygon; Species at Risk; Invasive Species;
Stressor; Wildlife Observation; Restoration
Opportunity; and Other. These feature classes
were uploaded using the application for use with
mobile devices such as tablets and cellular
phones.
Following the field assessments, digital data Photo 3: Gap within forest canopy.
(i.e., feature classes, observations, photographs)
features (i.e., natural assets), natural stressors (e.g.,
collected in the field using Collector for ArcGIS
hazard trees), and park user impacts (e.g.,
was downloaded from the ArcGIS on-line system
unstable/eroding trails), were documented using
into ArcMAP. Geospatially-referenced data was
Collector for ArcGIS on either a cellular phone or field
then analyzed to identify where natural assets
tablet. As this was a preliminary environmental
interact with existing park infrastructure and
assessment, the field assessment was focused on the
natural or user stressors. When digital data
trail system and the areas immediately surrounding
layers are overlain, areas of conflict between
them. These areas make up most of the managed park
natural assets and stressors can be identified
areas and provide a good base of information on the
(see Section 5.0 for further details).
current condition of, and issues within, the park.
The use of this technology facilitated and

The on-site environmental conditions assessment
expedited the data collection process, geospatial
focused on the presence and health of biological
interpretation/ presentation, and quality
features and functions, as well natural and user-
control. In addition, georeferenced observations
generated stressors including:
and information will serve as an important tool
to support on-going park management and
 Vegetation communities and broad composition;
maintenance activities
 Aquatic resources including wetlands;
 Fish and wildlife resources including herptiles, birds,
2.3 Field Assessment and species at risk;
 Natural stressors including erosion areas, bank
On-site field assessments (wandering pedestrian slumping, hazard trees;
surveys) of Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area  User impacts including the presence of
were conducted on March 20 and from May 14 – unauthorized/”bandit” trails, vegetation trampling,
17, 2019 to build on the results of the desktop dumping; and
review. Points of interest, including biophysical  Invasive species (flora and fauna).
11
3.0
Natural Assets
within Burnaby
Mountain
Conservation Area
12
3.0 Natural Assets within Burnaby coniferous forest with abundant mature (over 80
Mountain Conservation Area years old) conifer stands particularly on the
steep north slopes of the Conservation Area.
The natural assets of Burnaby Mountain Conservation Coniferous species observed were consistent
Area comprise the biophysical character and features of with the species assemblage expected in the
the Conservation Area. Information on the assets of CWHdm subzone. Areas of mixed forest (i.e.,
Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area, as well as coniferous and deciduous species) communities
observations of stressors, impacts and incidental were regularly observed in the Conservation
sightings, was captured during the field assessment. All Area with pockets dominated by early
of this information is graphically presented in Figure 2. successional deciduous trees such as red alder,
To support the discussion of natural assets found in bigleaf maple and, less commonly, black
Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area, cottonwood.
biological/biophysical assets of the Conservation Area
are illustrated in Figure 3.
3.1 Vegetation Communities
Overview assessments of Burnaby Mountain

Conservation Area vegetation communities were
undertaken with all communities categorized into one
of four vegetation types comprising both natural and
manicured/managed areas as follows: forest;
shrub/herb; riparian; and manicured/managed. Each of
the communities are further described below
3.1.1 Forest
Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area covers an area of

576 hectares the majority of which is forested. Simon
Fraser University and its neighboring residential
developments are situated at the top of the mountain,
outside of the Conservation Area boundaries, and
creates a “hole” in the surrounding forest. Forested
areas found throughout the Burnaby Mountain
Conservation Area are within the Coastal Western
Hemlock (CWH) biogeoclimatic zone, one of Canada’s
wettest and most productive forest types. Further,
Burnaby Mountain is located in the dry maritime
subzone (CWHdm) of the CWH (City of Burnaby, 2019)
which includes more sheltered areas of the inner coast
(Ministry of the Environment, 2019). Generally, CWHdm
forests of this region are dominated by Douglas-fir,
Photo 4: Wildlife tree that has been used by birds as a
western red cedar, and western hemlock.
food source.
Field investigations confirmed the dominance of
13
BURRARD INLET
R City of Burnaby
D
TEX ACO
Field Data Collected on May 2019

BARN Figure 2
k
ET RD
Takaya Cree
k
R
ee
D
Cr
LEGEND
T
Alic
on
E
L
k
IN
Si
ee
evil
Cr
POSSIBLE
Submarines Creek
le
INVASIVE SPECIES
ols
Cre
UNOFFICIAL TRAIL
ch
Crab Creek
Ni
ek
DR
RESTORATION
UNOFFICIAL TRAIL
ek
D R
OPPORTUNITIES
r Cre
E
SID
WILDLIFE
G E
a
SPECIES AT RISK
Coug
AE
INCIDENTALS
RID
BR
DUMPING AREA
CAMP SITE
EROSION AREA
PA N D O R A ST
EXISTING TRAIL
NETWORK
INFRASTRUCTURE
FAILURE ROAD
W Y
UN
OVERUSE WATERCOURSE
IV
HA STI NG S ST E
R UN
(CYCLISTS)
CEN TE NN IA L
SI IV E
T RS
Y
DITCH
IT
Y
D
C
OVERUSE (DOGS)
R
R
SIMON FRASER
SIMON FRASER
UNIVERSITY UN PAINTED TURTLE
UNIVERSITY IV
ER OVERUSE
SI
(GENERAL)
BC HYDRO
B TY
UN IO N S T U HIG
(PRIVATE)
R H S
N S T
A O
U
MATURE TREE
R RD
B TH
Y CA
BURNABY
M MP
O US
R
MOUNTAIN
U
TOW E
D
H EW I T T S T N
T WILDLIFE TREE
CONSERVATION
A
IN
AREA
P Y
CU RTI S S T A
C T
Y
S
H
IR
YO RS TO N
CT
E
DR
MA RS DE N
AU BR EY S T
BU
RN
W O
GLEN
OD DR
AV
ABBE
A U GU S TA AV
Y DR
DUTHIE
GRE
YS T O
NE
D
R
ROELL'S BROTHERELLA
V
A
HALIFAX ST
S
IP
LL
G
A
G
I
L
PH
A
R
D R
SHE LLM O N T ST I C
0 50 100 200 300 400 500 Meters
P K
W E
V
k
Y
ree
O
R N SCALE 1:15,000
DR
R D
G
C
R
OD
H U
ey
S B
n
A
AV
H
W O
Sto
NO RT H
GRO T
S T VE A
RE DR R ESRI Basemaps, City of Burnaby
FO
ADO
L
ARDEN
UNDERHI L

ME

AV
M AP LE GROVE
CR
PROJECT: 19-9546
TYNDA DATE: 2019-07-29

LE CR
Document Path: V:\GIS\2019\199546 Burnaby Mountain and Deer Lake\MXD\Final\199546 Figure 1a - Field Data (May 2019).mxd
City of Burnaby
BURRARD INLET
TEX AC O
Biophysical Data (May 2019)

Figure 3
LEGEND
SPECIES AT RISK WATERCOURSE
k
BA RN ET
Takaya Cree
k
ee
CLASSIFICATION*
Cr
COASTAL TAIL FROG
T
Alic
on
E
m
L
CLASS A
Si
evil
IN
Submarines Creek
OREGON FORESTSNAIL
le Cre
CLASS B
Crab Creek
ek
OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER
E
CLASS C
ek
Nichols Creek
SID
r Cre
G E
AE
a
WILDLIFE INCIDENTALS
Coug
RID
BR
BC HYDRO HERPTILE MEL'S SPRING

CORRIDOR
PA N D O R A
BIRD CLUSTER OF MAPLES
EXISTING TRAIL
GASTROPOD NETWORK
ROAD
CEN TE NN IA L
HA STI NG S
B
U UN FISH
DITCH
R IV
N ER
A SI
B HIG TY
SIMON FRASER
WATERCOURSE
Y H L
AN
M
O
D MAMMAL
U UNIVERSITY
PAINTED TURTLE
N UN
T IVE
A RS
UN IO N IN ITY
H IG
TREES
BC HYDRO
S H
O
U
TH
CA
MP MATURE TREE (PRIVATE)
US
QU EE NS TO N
HEW ITT
BURNABY
MOUNTAIN
WILDLIFE TREE
CU RTI S TO
W CONSERVATION
AREA
ER
YO RS TO N
A
Y
S
H
IR NOTE:
MA RS DE N
* - Obtained from City of Burnaby in 2018

E
AU BR EY
BC HYDRO
BU
RN
WO
EDN
O R
OD
KIT CH EN ER
G L
DU THI E
EN
ABB
EY
A U G U S TA
GR EY
STO N
E
ROELL'S BROTHERELLA
HALIFAX
LI PS
G
A
G
SUT LIFF L
SHE LLM O N T A E
PHI L
R V
D O
k
I R
ree
G N
D
C
H R
O S 0 50 100 200 300 400 500 Meters
ey
O A U
NO RT H
B
n
W
SCALE 1:15,000
Sto
O H
A
D PIPELINE A
T
E
AR DE N
R
M CORRIDOR MAP DRAWING INFORMATION:
H ILL
MO N TEC ITO ESRI Basemaps, City of Burnaby

FORE
ST
MAP CREATED BY: RBB
GRO VE
UN DE R
MAP CHECKED BY: JH, SK

M AP LE GROV MAP PROJECTION: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N
E
T
S
E
R
C
PROJECT: 19-9546
R
GO LD HU RS T
O
N
B R O A D WAY
STIL L STATUS: FINAL
CR EE K
L
E
DATE: 2019-07-29
O
TYN DA LE
N
Document Path: V:\GIS\2019\199546 Burnaby Mountain and Deer Lake\MXD\Final\199546 Figure 1b - Biophysical.mxd
Photo 5: A steep quick moving stream in the north area of the park Photo 6: View of shrub community in the forest
Several openings in the forest canopy were noted bunchberry which were all observed in the
during the field surveys and are expected to be Conservation Area. Creeping phlox, piggyback
due to tree fall. This is a natural and important plant, fairy flower, red columbine and western
element of forest succession that contribute to trillium were other herb layer species. These and
forest health and biodiversity. Wildlife trees (i.e., other herbaceous species were abundant along
trees providing habitat, foraging and/or nesting trail margins, beneath breaks in the forest canopy,
opportunities for wildlife) were abundant and other open areas. Ferns were abundant
throughout the forested areas of the Burnaby throughout the Conservation Area with seven
Mountain Conservation Area. native species documented.
3.1.2 Shrubs/Herbs Overall, the understory of shrub and herbaceous

species exhibited high diversity and provides good
Characteristic vegetation for this habitat type quality habitat for wildlife of the Burnaby
includes woody shrubs, small trees (<5 meters), Mountain Conservation Area.
and herbaceous ground cover. Dominant
understory shrub species of the CWHdm sub-zone 3.1.3 Riparian
and observed during field investigations are salal,
dull Oregon-grape, red huckleberry, trailing Most streams found in the Burnaby Mountain
blackberry and vine maple. Other shrubs observed Conservation Area pass through dense or
during the field surveys were thimbleberry, moderately dense forest communities. As a result,
salmonberry, oceanspray, wild rose spp., willow riparian vegetation (i.e., vegetation attending
spp., beaked hazelnut, Indian plum, and twinberry. streams and other waterbodies) is limited to
Indicator CWHdm species of the herb layer include primarily smaller shrubs and herbaceous ground
twin flower, sword fern, bracken fern and cover. Vine maple, salmonberry and thimbleberry
were observed to be abundant in riparian zones of
the Conservation Area, as was sword and lady fern.
Overall, the understory of shrub and On the north face of the Conservation Area, devil’s
herbaceous species exhibited high diversity club was also observed in moister riparian areas.
and provides good quality habitat for wildlife Common herbaceous groundcover in riparian
of the Burnaby Mountain Conservation zones included
Area. lily-of-the-valley, false Solomon’s seal, and
baneberry. Lower reaches of Stoney Creek and
16
other drainages in the southeast corner of the

Conservation Area are suspected of flooding
seasonally (or have a higher water table) as
evidenced by the presence of skunk cabbage, sedge
and rush species.
3.1.4 Manicured / Managed Natural Areas
Several manicured and managed natural areas are

found within the Burnaby Mountain Conservation
Area. Large open areas of lawn, the Centennial Rose
Garden, the ornamental Trancho Crane eco-
sculptures and manicured areas surrounding the
Kamui Mintara carved poles, Centennial Pavilion and
Horizons Restaurant are found at the terminus of
Centennial Way and parking lot. A number of tree
and shrubs here are typical ornamental species, with
some invasive species observed, particularly scotch
broom.
Several utility rights-of-way have been established Photo 7: Utility Corridor in the southwest area of the park
in Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area where
ongoing management of vegetation is required.
These include electric power, natural gas and
water/sewer lines and are situated on the south and
east sides of the Conservation Area. Trees and
shrubs are typically cleared or heavily managed
within these corridors. Field observations identified
a higher occurrence of non-native and invasive plant
species than on trails, although healthy populations
of native species were also observed.
3.2 Aquatic Resources
Many headwater tributaries and streams originate

within the Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area and
converge near the base of the mountain outside of
the Conservation Area boundary. To the north, small
tributaries descend down the steep face of Burnaby
Mountain with considerable velocity and energy. The
small catchments of Aliceville, Cougar, Crab,
Submarines, Nichols and Simon Creeks all discharge
directly to Burrard Inlet. Only the lowest reaches of
Photo 8: Maintained area near Horizons restaurant.
these channels, located outside of the Conservation
17
Area boundary, have the potential to support

fish populations. To the west, south and east of
the Conservation Area are the headwaters of
Eagle, Silver and Stoney Creeks, respectively, all
of which form part of the Brunette River
Watershed. Many of these channels have a more
moderate gradient and support fish populations
directly or contribute to more substantial fish
habitat downstream.
3.2.1 Stoney Creek
Stoney Creek formally begins just outside of the

Conservation Area with a short reach passing
through the southeast corner of the park,
however almost all of its tributaries originate
within the Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area.
The reach of Stoney Creek within the
Conservation Area is characterized by a
moderate gradient, a riffle-run morphology, and
substrates generally of small to large cobble,
with some gravels.
Photo 9: View of Stoney Creek.
3.2.2 Silver Creek

3.2.3 Eagle Creek
Headwater tributaries to Silver Creek originate
within the developed SFU/UniverCity area at the
The mainstem of Eagle Creek is not located within the
top of Burnaby Mountain passing through the
Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area however the
southern portions of the Conservation Area as it
majority of flow to the creek is supplied via
winds towards the Brunette River. Several bike
tributaries originating in southwest areas of the
and pedestrian trails cross Silver Creek
Conservation Area. The area around the Centennial
tributaries. Field observations from these trail
Pavilion and parking lot flows to Eagle Creek. Few of
crossings noted the entrenchment of the
the tributaries intersect pedestrian trails and, as
channels into the mountainside (Photo 9).
such, no observations of channel condition were
Observed substrates were a mix of gravel and
made in the field. Eagle Creek is known to be a fish-
cobbles with the occasional boulder situated on
bearing stream.
the creek edge. A higher percentage of fine
substrates (e.g., sand) was observed in the Silver
Creek tributary channels to the east than in
channels further west.
18
3.3 Fish, Wildlife, and Species at Risk
Information on fish, wildlife and species at risk found within the boundaries of the Burnaby Mountain
Conservation Area was compiled through both desktop review and field observations completed over
several days. Published information for the Conservation Area is very limited and few known research
studies have been completed within the park boundaries.
3.3.1 Fish
Many of the tributaries originating on Burnaby Mountain support fish populations in mainstem reaches of
Stoney Creek, Silver Creek and Eagle Creek. Several species of Pacific salmon utilize habitats of Stoney and
Eagle Creeks for spawning and/or rearing both within and downstream of the Conservation Area boundaries.
During field investigations the presence of salmon in Stoney Creek was visually confirmed however specific
salmon species could not be identified as fish collections were not undertaken.
Several fish species at risk have also been documented in tributaries and creeks originating within the
Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area including Nooksack dace in Stoney Creek and Brassy Minnow in Eagle
Creek. The at-risk status of both species is discussed further in Section 4.4.5.
A summary of the fish species known to occur in these creeks is provided in Table 1.
Many of the tributaries originating

on Burnaby Mountain support fish
populations in mainstem reaches of
Stoney Creek, Silver Creek and Eagle
Creek.
19
Table 1: Known Fish Species that occur within Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area
Stream Occurrence
Common Name Latin Name
Eagle Creek Silver Creek Stoney Creek
Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii  
Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss  
Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch  
Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha  
Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss 
Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta 
Nooksack dace Rhinichthys cataractae 
Brassy minnow Hybognathus hankinsoni 
Sculpin (spp.) Cottoidea  
Sucker (spp.) Catostomidae 
Three-spine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus  
Lamprey Petromyzontiformes 
Pumpkinseed* Lepomis gibbosus 
Source: iMapBC and Habitat Wizard
* indicates invasive species
3.3.2 Herptiles
The aquatic and semi-aquatic environments available at Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area provide high
quality habitat for several species of herptiles (i.e., amphibians and reptiles). Native frogs and turtles,
representing at-risk species, are found in the headwater and lower-order streams within and downstream of
the Conservation Area. The steep channels descending the north face of Burnaby Mountain support the habitat
requirements of the blue-listed Coastal tailed frog, although no frogs were observed in this area during the
limited field surveys.
In southeast areas of the Conservation Area, federally designated “critical habitat” of the western painted
turtle is located along Stoney Creek. The western painted turtle is designated in Schedule 1 of the federal
Species at Risk Act as Endangered and is discussed further in Section 4.4.5. Stoney Creek also has the potential
as habitat for the provincially-listed red-legged frog. A project completed immediately south of the park
boundary confirmed the presence of red-legged frog, as well as northwestern salamander, Long-toed
salamander, northern pacific tree frog and rough-skinned newt. While the area was not within the Conservation
Area boundary, the close proximity suggests the strong possibility that these species would also be found in
similar habitat types found within the Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area.
3.3.3 Birds
The varied vegetation communities of the Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area provide ideal nesting, foraging
and roosting habitat for many species of birds. Several raptor (i.e., birds of prey) species were observed during
field surveys including Bald Eagle. Forest birds were frequently seen and/or heard including the at-risk olive-
sided flycatcher. The abundance of mature trees (including wildlife trees) found throughout the forested areas
the Conservation Area provide important nesting habitat for sensitive bird species such as raptors and cavity
nesters.
20
Field observations along utility corridors of the graphically illustrated in species' Recovery
Conservation Area documented a noticeably high Documents and Action Plans. Under SARA
occurrence of songbirds. Many songbirds have a makes it is illegal to destroy any part of the
strong preference for forest edge habitat and the critical habitat of species at risk and may
broad diversity of tree, shrub and herbaceous impose restrictions on development and
species that rights-of-way support when construction within these areas may apply.
traversing forested lands (Terraube et al. 2016).
Currently, only designated critical habitat for
3.3.4 Mammals and Other Wildlife the Western painted turtle is found within the
boundaries of the Burnaby Mountain
No notable mammal species were observed Conservation Area. That habitat is associated
during the completion of field investigations with Stoney Creek in southeast portions of the
within the Conservation Area. Public reports of the Conservation Area. A brief description of this
presence of bear (Campbell, 2019), cougar and species, as well as several other rare, sensitive,
bobcat on Burnaby Mountain, however, are not or endangered species of plants, birds,
uncommon and it is very likely that these animals herptiles and fish that have the potential to
periodically use the dense forested areas of the occur within the boundaries of the Burnaby
Conservation Area for foraging and shelter. Coyote Mountain Conservation Area are discussed
scat was observed on several trails throughout below and summarized in Table 2.
the area and the presence of other urban wildlife,
such as racoons, skunks and bats, is almost
certain (although not verified during field
investigations) given the biophysical conditions
represented in the Conservation Area.
Of note, it is likely that the cliffs on the north face

of Burnaby Mountain, combined with the
abundance of mature trees, wildlife trees and
forest edge habitat, are particularly well suited for
bats. Five species of Myotis bats are known to
occur in the area, two of which are considered at-
risk species.
3.3.5 Rare and Endangered Species

There are several historically documented
occurrences of rare and/or endangered species
within Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area, as
well as areas federally designated as “critical
habitat” for at-risk species. Under the federal
Photo 10: Small bird’s nest observed in the park.
Species at Risk Act (SARA), critical habitat is
defined as the habitat necessary for the survival
or recovery of species listed as Endangered or
Threatened species under SARA. They are
designed to support the protection and recovery
of species listed as Endangered or Threatened
under SARA. They are also described and
21
Table 2: List of Rare and Endangered Species Confirmed Or Have Potential to Appear Within BMCA.
Probability of Occurrence
Location of
Common Scientific Federal List North Cliff Bike Trail East Open
General Habitat Documented Streams
Name Name (SARA) / Forested Forested Forested Fields /
Occurrence /Creeks
Area Area Area Lawn
 Found in lakes, open  Burnaby
water, wetlands, riparian Mountain
forests and often streams and
recently in wetland have
Western anthropogenic areas documented
Chrysemys Schedule 1 –  Require shallow, muddy occurrences Moderate
painted picta belli Endangered bottomed areas, large  These areas are Confirmed Confirmed Confirmed Moderate – Low
turtle woody or vegetation documented as
mats for basking and critical habitat
access to streams and
watercourses for
migration
Rhinichthys  Primarily found in clear  Documented in
Nooksack cataractae - Schedule 1 – cool streams with the Brunette Moderate
Chehalis gravelly substrate River Nil Nil Nil Nil
dace Endangered – High
lineage
 Forms mats on rotten  Documented in
logs, stumps, and base BMCA in the
of trees in cool moist southwest area
mixed coniferous and in a utility ROW
Roell's Brotherella Schedule 1 –
deciduous forests. Nil Potential Confirmed Potential Low
brotherella roellii Endangered  Known to occur in
remnant stands of
second growth forests
within city parks
 Frequent use of  Documented
Lake/open water habitat during field
and riparian forests survey, call of
Olive-sided Contopus Schedule 1 –
 Occasional use of several Nil Confirmed Confirmed High Moderate
flycatcher cooperi Threatened wetland areas and individuals were
mixed and coniferous heard
forests
Western Painted Turtle
Western painted turtle (Pacific Coast population) is a Schedule 1 -

Endangered species listed under the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA) and
is designated as red-listed under the BC Wildlife Act. They are highly
aquatic animals and are generally found in shallow waters with muddy
substrates and emergent riparian vegetation. Nesting typically occurs from
late May to early July in south-facing sandy areas with little to no
vegetation.
No Western painted turtle were observed during the field assessments, however
recent studies have been conducted and the presence of Western painted turtles confirmed in Stoney Creek.
It is expected that western painted turtle are using Stoney Creek as a movement corridor to access foraging
and breeding areas. Because of this, Stoney Creek has been identified as critical habitat for western painted
turtle.
Nooksack Dace
Nooksack Dace is a species that is federally listed as a Schedule 1 -

Endangered species under the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA) and is
designated as red-listed under the BC Wildlife Act. Nooksack dace are
typically found in small, cool clean streams with gravelly substrate. They
have been documented in Stoney Creek as well as the Brunette River.
While a final Recovery Strategy for this species has been published,
research is still being undertaken to identify the extent of critical habitat.
Currently the recovery strategy indicates that potential critical habitat for
Nooksack dace consists of reaches in their native creeks that contain or are known to
have previously contained more than 10% riffle by length. Reaches of Stoney Creek within and downstream of
the Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area meets these requirements and likely contributed to its designation
as critical habitat.
Olive-sided Flycatcher
The Olive-sided flycatcher is a Schedule 1 - Threatened species under

federal Species at Risk Act (SARA) and is designated as blue-listed (i.e.,
Special Concern) under the BC Wildlife Act. The recovery strategy was
published in 2015 following the Schedule 1 listing of the Olive-sided
flycatcher in 2010. Currently there is insufficient information available to
determine critical habitat for this species, however technical studies are
currently underway to examine this. This large, upright-perching flycatcher
has been widely observed in open coniferous and mixed forests having tall
snags. Data gathered from across Canada suggest that mature conifer stands
within patchy landscapes influenced by natural distribution (e.g., burn areas)
support the highest densities of the species. The known breeding area of the Olive-sided flycatcher
23
encompasses Burnaby Mountain. With the predominance of mature conifers and a relative abundance of
forest edge habitat, the Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area likely represents ideal habitat for this species
within such an urban area (Environment Canada, 2015).
Roell’s Brotherella
Only one endangered plant (Species at Risk Act Schedule 1) is known to

occur within the Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area – Roell’s
brotherella. It is a small yellow to golden green, shiny moss that forms
turf-like mats. It has leafy shoots that appear somewhat flattened and
reproduces via spores or occasionally deciduous flagelliferous shoots.
Populations of this moss found in British Columbia currently represent
the only known extant sites in the world. The species is subject to
pressures from recreational use, road construction, and development, all of
which threaten the quantity of its preferred habitat and host trees and logs as
well as the quality of these areas in terms of moisture levels and air quality (Government of Canada, 2010).
According to the provincial rare occurrence database, there are two known occurrences in the regional area:
one location in the vicinity of Mel’s Trail within the Conservation Area; and one location in the vicinity of
Squint Lake Park/Burnaby Mountain Golf Course.
24
4.0
Stressors and
User Impacts
25
Photo 11: Large scale bank erosion observed on the Trans Canada Trail.
4.0 Stressors and User Impacts
This section assesses potential environmental impacts of natural processes, as well as impacts generated
through park use and by park user groups, at Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area. These stressors and
impacts can have a negative effect on the quality and value of natural assets of the Conservation Area. The
locations of stressors and user impacts observed during the field assessments are illustrated in Figure 4 and
are described below.
4.1 Natural Stressors
4.1.1 Natural Erosion
Natural erosion of soils occurs from wind, water and physical disturbance by wildlife. Erosion from heavy
rainfall events is the primary cause of erosion and is typically addressed through ongoing maintenance. Park
trails on steep slopes are particularly prone to erosion, especially in areas where vegetation
trampling/removal has resulted in areas of exposed soils.
Minor areas of natural erosion were observed on many trail sections within the Conservation Area and are
attributed to heavy and persistent rainfall that occurs over the winter months. One notable area of erosion
(at least 40 metres of bank along the trail) was observed on a section of the Trans Canada Trail that follows
the top of the steep north cliff. It is expected that the source of this unstable area is due to the alignment of
the trail across the slope without having adequate support for the upslope bank. At two locations, the root
mass of large trees had been undercut and the fallen trees were observed hanging over the trail creating a
significant hazard to public safety. Exposed and disturbed soils had been deposited on and downslope of the
trail with evidence that these soils had been mobilized further downslope impacting vegetation and an
26
m onds W a lk
Drum BURRARD INLET
R City of Burnaby
D
TEX ACO
Existing Stressors and User Impacts

i BARN Figure 4
k
l
Tra
ET RD
Takaya Cree
k
R
ee
D
Cr
LEGEND
l
om
T
rai
Mo
Alic
l odr
on
E
L un t a in Air T
k
IN Ha ng You r Hat
Si
ee
evil
Ve
OTHER
Cr
le
INVASIVE
ols
Cre
Barn et Trail
ch
Crab Creek
POSSIBLE
SPECIES
Ni
P
ek
DR
Home Trail
DUMPING AREA UNOFFICIAL TRAIL

n
a
ek
D R
do
r Cre
E
ra
DANGER - RUGGED STEEP TERRAIN EROSION AREA UNOFFICIAL TRAIL
SID
Tra i
Subm
G E
a
WITH DROP OFFS AND CLIFFS.
Coug
INFRASTRUCTURE
AE
RID
CONTOURS (10m)
arine
NO ACCESS FAILURE
BR
s
ome'
s Cre
ROAD
Gn
OVERUSE
ek
Ridge view Trail (CYCLISTS)
Trail DITCH
Hi l l
PA N D O R A ST
a
ns Canad Tr a il OVERUSE (DOGS) WATERCOURSE
ac
Tra
di
Burnw ood Trail
OVERUSE
Ca r
(GENERAL)
W Y
De
UN
HA STI NG S ST
IV
E a
MULTI USE TRAIL (PEDESTRIAN / CYCLING / EQUESTRIAN)
R
d
Na tu UN
CEN TE NN IA L
SI IV E M
re T
Y RS
Tra il IT
ope d Tr ai l
DUAL USE TRAIL (PEDESTRIAN / CYCLING)
Y
D
C
Pow e rl
R
R
SIMON FRASER
SIMON FRASER
UNIVERSITY UN
IV
PEDESTRIAN ONLY TRAIL
UNIVERSITY ER
URBAN TRAIL (ASPHALT MULTI USE)
ine Trail
SI
B TY
UN IO N S T U HIG
UNOFFICIAL TRAIL
R H S
N
A
S
O
U
T il
Tra
R RD
B TH

Y CA
M MP
's
US
O
U R l
TOW E
BC HYDRO (PRIVATE)
Me
N D
H EW I T T S T T
A Ge
ar J a
No
IN
BURNABY MOUNTAIN CONSERVATION AREA

P Y
rt h Roa d
CU RTI S S T A
C T
mm
S
H
IR
YO RS TO N
CT
er Tra i l
E
DR
Tr a il
MA RS DE N
AU BR EY S T
BU
RN
Side
Watermain Tra il
Lo
W O
B andit T
r ail
w
e
GLEN
OD DR
r Sna e ra i l
Nic
AV
ABBE
A U GU S TA AV
l e 's
o
Side w
T rai l
Y DR
DUTHIE
il
k
Tra
in
GRE
YS T O de ne
NE
e Li
T
r
Pi p
D
R Tra
l
i
Ji m
Si d
V
A
e wi
's u n gl e
HALIFAX ST
S
de
n
IP
J
S
o uth Tra
LL
G
A
il
G
I
L
PH
A
R
D R Tra
SHE LLM O N T ST I C il 0 50 100 200 300 400 500 Meters
P K
W E
Y V
O
R N SCALE 1:15,000
DR
R D
G R
OD
H U
S B
A
AV
H
W O
NO RT H
GRO T
S T VE A
RE DR R ESRI Basemaps, City of Burnaby
FO
ADO
L
ARDEN
UNDERHI L

ME

AV
M AP LE GROVE
CR
PROJECT: 19-9546
k
ree
STATUS: FINAL
C
B R O A D WAY
eyn
Sto
DATE: 2019-07-09
TYNDA
LE CR
Document Path: G:\GIS\2019\199546 Burnaby Mountain and Deer Lake\MXD\Final\199546 Figure 3a - Existing Stressors and User Impacts.mxd
adjacent drainage pathway. While at least a portion of

this erosion has resulted from the construction of the
trail, the steep slope of Burnaby Mountain’s north
face also contributes prominently to the erosion
observed.
In areas where the trail intersected creeks and

streams on the north face of the park, patches of
small-scale bank erosion were frequently observed.
This is likely due to the flashy nature of these high-
gradient streams and which may be further intensified
by the change in the hydrograph resulting from
development at the top of the mountain.
4.1.2 Invasive Species
4.1.2.1 Flora
Invasive species are considered stressors of
environmental quality as they displace and
outcompete native vegetation species. This often
leads to a reduction in biodiversity, loss of critical Photo 12: Japanese Knotweed
habitat or forage opportunities for native species, and
the potential for increased frequency of occurrence of
other stressors such as flooding and erosion events.
Areas of invasive plant colonization were noted where

observable from the main trail network, as the scope
of the field assessment did not allow a full inventory
of Conservation Area plant communities. Locations
identified are therefore not indicative of all
occurrences in Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area.
Areas (point and polygon) documented focused on
locations where the invasive species was having a
notable impact on environmental values, was
extensive (i.e., greater than 20 m2), or the species is
designated as noxious under the provincial Weed
Control Act. A total of 40 invasive species locations
were documented during the Conservation Area field
surveys and often occurred in disturbed areas (e.g.,
along unauthorized trails, roadsides). Two species
designated as noxious weeds were recorded in the
Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area: Japanese
knotweed (Photo 12) in small to large patches
throughout the park; and Yellow flag iris (Photo 13)
observed only in one location (a stormwater retention Photo 13: Yellow Flag Iris
pond).
28
Japanese knotweed thrives in a broad range of growing conditions (i.e., soil moisture, exposure) and can reduce
native species richness and density, as well as tree recruitment. Extreme implications could result in a shift of
vegetation communities from tree-dominated forest to knotweed-dominated herbaceous shrubland (Wilson et
al., 2017). In addition to the threat of reduced flora and fauna biodiversity, the aggressive and expansive
network of rhizomes/roots can increase soil erosion potential and damage municipal infrastructure such as
culverts and road surfaces.
Yellow flag iris was observed at only one location within the Conservation Area. This aggressive showy
perennial reproduces quickly through seed dispersal and horizontal root systems, forming dense mats of
rhizomes and dead leaves that displace native vegetation, reduce habitat for fish rearing and bird nesting, and
exacerbates other stressors such as flooding and erosion. Toxic to both humans and animals if eaten, the sap
of Yellow flag iris is also known to cause dermatitis (Ontario Invading Species Awareness Program, 2019).
Other invasive plants documented within the boundaries of the Conservation Area, but not considered noxious
under the BC Weed Control Act are: Himalayan balsam (policeman’s helmet); English Ivy; Himalayan blackberry
(Photo 14); Laurel; and Scotch Broom. Many of these species establish and spread quickly outcompeting and
overwhelming native plants. Like the noxious species described above, dense monocultures of several of the
other invasive species create conditions that stress or impact natural assets of Burnaby Mountain Conservation
Area.
4.1.2.2 Fauna
A number of non-native and invasive animal species inhabit the Conservation Area but have become ubiquitous
in the regional assemblage of common fauna. Examples include Norway rats, European starlings, and
Pumpkinseed (fish). Regardless of their common status, non-native and invasive fauna reduce biodiversity and
environmental quality of natural assets. Some of these species can be voracious eaters, prolific breeders or
carry an array of diseases that are detrimental to native species and represent natural stressors that impact
the natural environment.
Photo 14: Himalayan blackberry Photo 15: Himalayan Balsam (policeman’s helmet)
4.2 Park Use and User Impacts
For almost a century Burnaby Mountain has provided residents of the Greater Vancouver Area with a unique
outdoor adventure, recreation and nature-appreciation opportunities. Accessibility to magnificent vistas of
the Coast Mountain Range and Pacific Ocean inlets, as well as cultural elements, have garnered the Burnaby
29
Mountain Conservation Area as a regional

destination. The maintenance of park spaces to
address park use and the impacts of park users is
User Impact: integral to long-term enjoyment. For parks, such as

Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area, that were
Erosion
established (at least in part) for their natural assets,
balance must be struck between natural value
preservation and access for appreciation.
Environmental impacts of park use and by park
users are identified below.
4.2.1 Erosion
Based on on-site observations, erosion created by

park use or users is a major issue in Burnaby
Mountain Conservation Area requiring on-going
maintenance efforts by Parks Operations staff. The
most extreme-user produced erosion within the
Conservation Area was observed in the east and
southeast areas. In these areas the trails are multi-
use and are heavily utilized for mountain biking. The
combination of intensive mountain bike use and
steep slopes has created deep V-shaped trail cross-
sections and promoted the disturbance and erosion
of soil around prolific tree roots that travel across
the trails. The V-shaped trail cross-section is
exacerbated by hikers and pedestrian trail users,
and further aggravated by surface flows during
rainfall events. With water flowing down the middle
of these trails, soils are eroded and transported into
streams or depressions situated at the base of the
Mountain. Extreme cases of trail erosion were
Photo 16: Extreme trail erosion of a now closed trail
observed during field investigations on the black
diamond (i.e., most difficult) level bike trails, several
of which had been closed by Burnaby Park staff.
In flatter trail sections in the southeast area of the

Conservation Area (accessed off of North Road)
some large areas of erosion were also observed.
While these trail sections are not steep, trees in the
area are almost exclusively mature western red
cedar that shade the forest floor resulting in a
sparsely vegetated understory/herb layer. During
field investigations, exposed tree roots were
Photo 17: Erosion on a combined use trail in BMCA observed to be prevalent in this area and trail
widths appeared to be much wider than what would
have been expected to have been originally
developed.
30
4.2.2 Unauthorized Trails
User Impact: Unauthorized trails is a term used to describe an
Unauthorized
obvious pathway that has been established due to a
high volume of use off of a main (or sanctioned)
trail. In some cases these trails have been used to
Trails
access restricted areas of the Conservation Area,
some connect trail loops creating ‘shortcuts’, and in
Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area they are often
created by mountain bikers to access steep or
otherwise challenging terrain. Unauthorized trails
not only have an obvious impact on vegetation (i.e.,
trampling, removal), they disrupt and degrade
wildlife habitat through fragmentation, and can
contribute to invasive vegetation infestations. An
extensive network of official/sanctioned trails
spanning more than 30 kilometres, most of which
are multi-use (pedestrian and bike), has been
established by Burnaby Parks in the Conservation
Area.
The creation of unauthorized trails by park users is

one of the largest environmental impacts occurring
in the Conservation Area. Based on background
information review, an estimated 22 unauthorized
trails have been created by park users and
represents a significant management issue for Parks
staff. During field investigations, 89 occurrences of
unauthorized trails created off of the main trail
network were observed. Many of these were small,
trail ‘shortcuts’ connecting switchback loops on the
main trail. Regardless, these unauthorized trails
degrade vegetation and increase local erosion. Many
were located near drainage pathways including
creeks. In the short section of trails that parallel the
banks of Stoney Creek, 11 unauthorized trails were
observed with each creating a new access point to
the creek. Stoney Creek is known to support
important habitat for several salmon and at-risk
species.
Another notable location of unauthorized trail

creation was observed on the east side of Burnaby
Photo 18: Example of an ineffective trail closure Mountain Conservation Area on the periphery of the
31
mountain bike trail area. At this location, park users had cleared small trees and shrubs, maneuvered
boulders and logs and used shovels to create a “bike park” in the forest including trails, ramps and jumps.
Environmental damage at this site was extensive.
Evidence of the closure of unauthorized trails was observed during field surveys. Varying degrees of success
were observed. Trail users appeared to ignore signage and continue unauthorized trail use, however when
fencing combined with vegetative barriers such as shrubs or blackberry appeared to be more effective.
Photo 19: Example of an effective trail closure
32
4.2.3 Utility Corridors
User Impact: A number of utility corridors traverse the Burnaby
Utility
Mountain Conservation Area and require ongoing
vegetation maintenance for the effective operation
of the buried and overhead infrastructure found
Corridors
there. While several species of fauna have adapted
to and are using these utility corridors for nesting
and foraging, the corridors negatively impact other
species that require large, contiguous forest patches
through the fragmentation of that habitat. Utility
corridors also increase human access to otherwise
inaccessible areas resulting in disturbance of flora
and fauna and potential increases in invasive
species infestations and erosion.
Photo 20: Utility Corridor on the west side of the park
Photo 21: Utility corridor with Japanese Knotweed.
33
4.2.4 Vegetation Impacts
User Impact: Direct impacts to vegetation was another stressor

observed to be generated by park users at the
Vegetation
Conservation Area. The most common impact to
vegetation was trampling or removal by park users
creating short paths or clearings in forest and
Impacts
riparian communities. Trampling was observed to
have degraded or killed vegetation patches at
several locations. Damage to tree bark and trunks
was also observed at multiple locations, most
commonly at a corner or narrowing of trails used for
mountain biking. The direct cause was not observed,
but it may be a result of bikes hitting the trees as
the rider navigates the trail. As described in
Section 4.2.2 above, other damage to vegetation was
direct (i.e., tree/shrub removal).
The trampling and/or removal of vegetation,

combined with the resulting increase in
unauthorized use, is likely a contributing factor to
erosion observed in these areas.
Photo 22: Exposed tree roots likely due to overuse and erosion.
Photo 23: Damage to a root that runs across the trail.
34
4.2.5 Dog Walking
Dog walking is a popular park use in Burnaby
User Impact: Mountain Conservation Area and represents a

stressor to its natural assets. Multiple dogs were
Dog Walking
observed during the survey, both on and off leash.
Dogs off leash were regularly observed in the
vegetation at the sides of the trail, as well as entering
watercourses. It is postulated that some of the
unauthorized trails in the vicinity of creeks in the
Conservation Area have been created by off leash
dogs (and their owners) to access drinking water.
Dogs can have a negative impact on stream water
quality (Hennings, 2016) and can disturb at-risk
species and their habitats in watercourses such as
Stoney Creek. Numerous studies have been published
demonstrating the overwhelmingly negative effect
that dogs have on wildlife and sensitive wildlife areas
(e.g., Banks and Bryant, 2007).
Photo 24: Paw prints in exposed soil on stream bank at a

trail/stream crossing.
35
5.0
Management
Priorities and
Recommendations
36
5.0 Management Priorities and Recommendations

Key findings of the assessment identified specific stressors and user impacts that conflict with or have the
potential to conflict with the natural assets found within Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area. A
Management Priority Matrix was developed to assign environmental risk values of “high (red)”, “moderate
(yellow)” and “low (green)” where the y-axis considers habitat quality (informed by the literature review and
field assessment results discussed in Section 3.0) and the x-axis considers the scale of negative effects
related to stressors and user impacts (as discussed in Section 4.0; Figure 5). From a management
perspective, risk is considered synonymous with priority (i.e., high environmental risk = high priority for
management). These priority categories can then be used to inform decision-making related to prioritizing
future operations and maintenance spending in the immediate, near, or distant future.
Figure 5: Management priority matrix developed to compare habitat quality with stressors and user impacts in order to assign
management priority.
Each stressor (or user impact) was analyzed and ranked, increasing in value (i.e., towards moderate or high
priority) relative to their ecological impact or location in relation to sensitive ecosystems. For the purpose of
this assessment, only the priority categories ranked as ‘moderate’ or ‘high’ are identified as requiring
management action. Areas designated as ‘low’ may require special management consideration in the future;
however, routine maintenance activities may currently suffice. Graphically, the overlay of high quality natural
assets of Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area and the stressors observed during on-site assessment results in
the identification of priority management locations/areas (see Figure 6).
For high and moderate priority locations, a series of management recommendations have been identified
specific to each location identified in Figure 6 (see Table 3 that follows). These recommendations are intended
to guide management actions in addressing the most important environmental areas having the highest
environmental risk. Implementation costs have not been identified therefore City staff will have flexibility to
adjust priorities with available budget.
Based on observations of habitat quality and stressors/user impact at Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area,
the following timelines for management action were assigned:
 High Priority – within 1 – 2 years

 Moderate Priority – within 3 – 5 years
 Low Priority – Re-assessment after 5 years
37
BURRARD INLET
R City of Burnaby
D
TEX ACO
Si mon Creek Park Management Priority Areas

BARN
ET
Cree
k Figure 6
k
RD
ree
R
Crab
D
rC
LEGEND
T Ha ng You r Hat
Taka ya C re ek
E
9
ga
L
k
Ba ee
u
IN
Co
rne Cr
Ali
il
il
MANAGEMENT PRIORITY
Mo t Tra
u n ta in Ai r Tra
ol s
T ra 9
cev
il
me
ch
9
ille
Ni
ug ar Cre HIGH
d ro
DR
Co
C re
e T a ROAD
il
Ve l o
Su b m a
r ek
D R
MEDIUM
E
Pa 10
SID
11 WATERCOURSE
ri n
G E
d
n
LOW
e
AE
sC
RID
DITCH
or
a Tra
ree
il
BR
k
HABITAT QUALITY BC HYDRO
PA N D O R A ST
Ridge view Trail
Tr
ans C a nada Trail EXCELLENT
8
11
Cardiac Hill GOOD BURNABY
7 MOUNTAIN
Burnwood Trail
Trail 7
rail MODERATE CONSERVATION
ir T
W Y
r v o UN
IV
5
ese
POOR
HA STI NG S ST E
R R
Na t UN
CEN TE NN IA L
SI IV E
re T RS
u
Y
Tra il
De
IT
Y
VERY POOR
D
C
R
R
ad M op d Tr ail
SSI M
I MOONN F FRRAASSEERR
Trail P ow er l ine Trail

UUNNI VI VEERRSSI T
I TYY UN
IV
ER
SI 3 4
e
B TY
UN IO N S T U HIG
R H S l
N
A
S
O
U
T
ai
r
R RD
B TH
sT
Y
M
CA
MP
US l'
e
O R
2
M
U
TOW E
D
ut Trail
H EW I T T S T N
T
A
IN
P Y
G
N o rt h Ro a d
CU RTI S S T A e ar
C T
Y
5
Upperc
S J
H
am m
IR
YO RS TO N
CT
E
4
DR
er
MA RS DE N
AU BR EY S T 2
Trai
BU
Poplar 2 n
l
ctio
RN
Side Trail Fun ti on
il
nc
L ow
Wa Ju ail
W O
B andit T 1
Waterma in Tra
r ail te Tr
GLEN
Tr rma
OD DR
1 er
AV
ail il
Ni c
S nak e Tr a i l
ABBE
Side w
A U GU S TA AV
Y DR
DUTHIE
in
l e 's
o
GRE de T rai l
YS T O
NE
D
r Tra 2 2
R
l
i
Ji
m
Si d
V
A
's
e wi l
HALIFAX ST ra i
S
1 d er 6
Ju n
n
T
IP
e
Li n
o uth Tra P ipe
LL
S
G
gl
A
il
G
I
L
PH
e
A
R T ra
SHE LLM O N T ST
D
I C
R il
0 50 100 200 300 400 500 Meters
P K
W E
Y V
SCALE 1:15,000
O
R N
DR
R D
G
6 R
OD
H U
Ea S B
A
AV
gle H
W O
NO RT H
Cre GRO T
S T VE A
ek RE DR R ESRI Basemaps, City of Burnaby, Metro Vancouver (SEI 2014)
FO
ADO
L
ARDEN
UNDERHI L

ME

AV
M AP LE GROVE
CR
k
ree
rCe
PROJECT: 19-9546
Silv
ek
C re
y
ne
DATE: 2019-07-30
Sto
TYNDA
LE CR
Document Path: G:\GIS\2019\199546 Burnaby Mountain and Deer Lake\MXD\Final\199546 Figure 3b - Park Management Priority Areas.mxd
Table 3: Summary of key findings and recommendations related to Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area natural areas and assets.
Priority Map Location Natural Asset

Description of Management Issues and Recommendations
Category ID Impacted
Environmental Management issues:
 Habitat mix - good and moderate quality habitats represented with
multiple stream crossings;
 Sensitive species and ecosystems – presence of Olive-sided Flycatcher
(Species at Risk - Special Concern) and severity of erosion, density of
streams (aquatic habitat);
 Erosion areas –significantly eroded steep trails perpendicular to slope;
 Intensive use – Damage to mature trees, vegetation trampling leading to
trail widening and braiding (cycling activities suspected as source); and
 Unauthorized trails – access to sensitive areas (e.g., salmon spawning,
western painted turtle migration, other).
Vegetation
Southeast Burnaby communities
Recommendations:
Mountain, specifically Poplar  Develop and enforce a Trail Master Plan for the Conservation Area which
Trail, Nicoles Trail, Gear Aquatic resources may include recommendations for prohibiting access for user types,
High 2
Jammer, Upper Cut, Function decommissioning unauthorized trails or sections of trails, education
Junction, and the Lower Wildlife campaigns, and seasonal restrictions in sensitive areas;
Snake Trail.  Decommission unauthorized trails and rehabilitate with native species to
Species at Risk improve ecological diversity and riparian function near aquatic areas;
 Install signage in high use areas to educate park users on unintended
ecological impacts of mountain biking on sensitive species;
 Over-steepened, compacted areas of trail susceptible to erosion should
be upgraded to meet current trail standards or alternative trail designs
(e.g., stairs) implemented;
 Develop Invasive Species Management Plan for the Conservation Area
(e.g., Japanese Knotweed); and
 Replant sanctioned trail edges and unauthorized trails with native species
to diversify the ecological community. The use of thorned or prickled
plant species (e.g., black hawthorn, rose spp., salmonberry) can be useful
deterrents (or natural fencing) for human access.
High 3 Unauthorized trail between Vegetation Environmental Management issues:
39

University Drive and Mel’s communities  Habitat mix – removed from the road network, habitat quality is rated
Trail primarily as good;
Aquatic resources  Sensitive species and ecosystems – presence of Olive-sided Flycatcher
(Species at Risk - Special Concern) and severity of erosion, density of
Wildlife streams (aquatic habitat);
 Intensive use – high use area for mountain cyclists resulting in erosion
Species at risk and/or compaction on steep trails, vegetation trampling, and damage to
mature trees from exposed roots. Borrow pits observed where soil
materials and rocks have been removed to build cycling features (e.g.,
ramps, jumps); and
 Invasive species (flora) – colonization potential at erosion sites.
Recommendations:
 Decommission unauthorized trails and rehabilitate with native species to
improve ecological diversity and riparian function near aquatic areas; and
 Develop and enforce a Trail Master Plan which may include
recommendations for removing unauthorized trails or sections of trails,
education campaigns, and seasonal restrictions in sensitive areas.
 Habitat mix - poor quality riparian and upland habitat in highly sensitive
areas for fish and species at risk (i.e., Stoney Creek);
Vegetation  Unauthorized trails – trails into forest from main trail, especially prevalent
communities around creek tributaries (off-leash dogs suspected as source);
 Critical habitat designation – western painted turtle (Stoney Creek); and
Burnaby Mountain Southeast
Aquatic resources  Fish habitat - salmon spawning and rearing (Stoney Creek and tributaries).
High 6 including Jim’s Jungle Trail
and Stoney Creek
Wildlife Recommendations:
 Decommission all unauthorized trails and rehabilitate with native species
Species at Risk to improve ecological diversity and riparian function near aquatic areas;
 Develop a Dogs in Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area Management Plan
which may include recommendations for restricting dog access (e.g.,
fencing) to sensitive areas, dog owner/public education campaign and
40

use of signage in high use areas;
 Restrict public access to sensitive riparian areas and aquatic habitat (e.g.,
establish fencing, signage); and
 Provide strict enforcement during sensitive timing windows (e.g.,
fall/winter salmon spawning, spring western painted turtle nesting).
 Habitat mix - good and moderate quality habitat (densely vegetated
mature forest with dense and diverse understory);
 Intensive use – high use area for hikers, dog walkers, and mountain
cyclists;
 Erosion areas – major erosion and undercutting of slope along trail
margins creating hazard to public safety; and
Burnaby Mountain northeast  Unauthorized trails – from main trail resulting in vegetation trampling and
Vegetation
along the upper parts of damage to mature trees including exposed roots.
communities
High 7 northern slope including
parts of the Trans Canada Recommendations:
Aquatic resources
Trail, Cardiac Hill  Promptly conduct safety assessment of slope stability and hazard trees
along Trans Canada Trail;
Vegetation  Habitat mix - good and moderate quality habitat (densely vegetated
communities mature forest with dense and diverse understory);
Burnaby Mountain Central  Non-permitted use – unauthorized camp site established off of Trans
High 8
along the Trans Canada Trail Aquatic resources Canada Trail; and
 Illegal dumping – evidence of accumulated garbage observed in forested
Wildlife area.
41

Recommendations:
 Enhanced monitoring and enforcement to deter unauthorized camping
and illegal dumping;
 Decommission non-permitted uses (e.g., campsites) and rehabilitate with
native species to restore ecological diversity;
 Ongoing maintenance to remove garbage accumulations; and
 Installation of educational signage to deter illegal dumping, camping
restrictions and other non-permitted uses.
 Habitat mix - good and moderate habitat quality (mature mixed deciduous
and coniferous forest) with over 10 stream crossings;
(Species at Risk - Special Concern) and density of streams (aquatic
habitat);
 Unauthorized trails – trails perpendicular to the slope, vegetation
Burnaby Mountain, south Vegetation
trampling; and
from the intersection of communities
 Invasive species (flora) – Japanese knotweed, Himalayan blackberry,
Gaglardi Way and Burnaby
English ivy growing along service road ditches and Fortis right-of-way.
Mountain Parkway to Stoney Aquatic resources
Moderate 1
Creek Tributary 2 (including
Recommendations:
the Water Main Trail, Wildlife
Sidewinder and Side
Unauthorized trails) Species at Risk
(e.g., Japanese knotweed); and
Burnaby Mountain East on Vegetation Environmental Management issues:
Moderate 4
Mel’s Trail communities  Habitat mix – good quality habitat (transitioning mature forest) with
42

multiple stream crossings;
Aquatic resources  Intensive use – high use area for hikers, dog walkers, and mountain
cyclists;
Wildlife  Unauthorized trails – from main trail resulting in vegetation trampling and
damage to mature trees including exposed roots;
 Erosion areas – steep trails with exposed areas and sloughing; and
 Invasive species (flora) – colonization potential at erosion sites.
Recommendations:
improve ecological diversity and riparian function near aquatic areas;
 Install signage in high use areas to educate the park users on unintended
ecological impacts of mountain biking on sensitive species; and
 Habitat mix – poor and moderate quality habitat (mature forest with
disturbed understory and abundant invasive species);
 Intensive use – high use area for hikers, dog walkers, and mountain
cyclists;
Vegetation
 Unauthorized trails – from main trail, especially prevalent leading into
communities
Burnaby Mountain East watercourses, resulting in extensive vegetation trampling, and damage to
Moderate 5 including Dead Moped and mature trees including exposed roots;
Aquatic resources
the North Road Trail.  Sensitive species and ecosystems – potential for off leash dogs to disturb
sensitive species including spawning salmon in Stoney Creek;
Species at risk
 Critical habitat designation – western painted turtle and salmon spawning
(Stoney Creek); and
 Erosion areas – minor on steep trails.
Recommendations:
43

 Develop a Dogs in Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area Management Plan
which may include recommendations for restricting dog access (e.g.,
fencing) to sensitive areas, dog owner/public education campaign and
use of signage in high use areas;
 Install signage in high use areas to educate the park users on unintended
ecological impacts of mountain biking and off-leash dogs on sensitive
species (e.g., western painted turtle, spawning salmon);
 Habitat mix – primarily good with some moderate habitat quality (mixed
forest) including unique mature big leaf maple community;
(Species at Risk - Special Concern) and density of streams (aquatic
habitat);
Vegetation
 Erosion areas – minor trail erosion/braiding and vegetation trampling on
communities
Burnaby Mountain North trails perpendicular to slope; and
along the Cougar Creek Trail,  Invasive species (flora) – Japanese knotweed, Himalayan blackberry,
Aquatic resources
Moderate 9 Hang Your Hat, Barnet English ivy growing along Velodrome ditches, service road, and right-of-
Trail/Transmission Line way.
Wildlife
R.O.W, and Mountain Air Trail
Recommendations:
Species at Risk
(e.g., Japanese knotweed); and
 Replant sanctioned trail and ditch edges with native species to diversify
44

the ecological community.
 Habitat mix – moderate quality habitat (dense mixed forest with dense
and diverse understory); and
Vegetation
Burnaby Mountain communities
trails perpendicular to slope.
Northwest along Pandora
Moderate 10
Trail and the western part of Aquatic resources
Recommendations:
Velodrome Trail
Wildlife
 Habitat mix – good and moderate quality habitats represented (mature
forest with dense and diverse understory);
 Unauthorized trails – Established trails including apparent use of
decommissioned trails;
Vegetation
Burnaby Mountain west trails perpendicular to slope; and
communities
including the Nature Trail,  Wildlife habitat – evidence of bear presence.
Moderate 11 Gnome’s Home, and the
Aquatic resources
Trans Canada Trail near the Recommendations:
Water Tower  Decommission all unauthorized trails and rehabilitate with native species
Wildlife
to improve ecological diversity and riparian function near aquatic areas;
and
45
6.0
Implementation
Plan
46
6.0 Implementation Plan
Balancing the needs of diverse park user groups while protecting the unique, natural assets found within
Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area can be a considerable challenge. An implementation plan has been
developed to support the efficient and effective use of City resources in addressing conflicts between natural
assets and stressors (i.e., park users and uses) identified through the environmental condition assessment
completed at Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area. The implementation plan provides a prioritized list of
actions to be completed to help meet the longer-term park management expectations of the Parks
Department, Burnaby residents, and Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area visitors. The Plan also
provides these stakeholders with the confidence and satisfaction that the key objectives and outcomes of the
environmental condition assessment at Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area have been well considered and
delivered.
Importantly, the environmental condition assessment approach is only an initial step to identifying potential
conflicts between natural assets and stressors at Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area. With new and
updated information arising from this assessment, Parks staff can consider the need for the development of a
more formal and in-depth Park Management Plan to guide recreational uses and ecological health over the
long-term.
Burnaby Parks, Recreation and Culture has already been investing in ongoing park maintenance and
monitoring programs at Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area. The continued delivery of these programs is
still required to ensure the park remains a safe space for park users and where key natural assets can
flourish. These programs include:
 Construction and maintenance of Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area trails per provincial trails
standards;
 Invasive species control; and
 Identification and management of risk related to hazard trees.
In addition to these on-going maintenance and monitoring programs, Table 4 outlines the priority actions and
recommendations discussed in Section 5.
47
Table 4: Implementation plan for management recommendations for the Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area.
High Priority: 1 – 2 Years Moderate Priority: 3 – 5 Years Low Priority: 5 – 10 Years

(2020 – 2021) (2021 – 2025) (2025 – 2030)
Update the Burnaby Mountain Complete an inventory and Decommission all small
Conservation Area Management mapping of invasive species to unauthorized trails within the
Plan. support the preparation and Conservation Area.
implementation of a park-wide
management/ eradication plan,
specific to provincially listed
noxious species.
Conduct a hazard tree assessment Develop a Trail Master Plan to Evaluate and update management
focusing on trees in high traffic properly inventory and manage action priorities.
areas (e.g., Trans Canada Trail) authorized trails to meet the needs
of the various user groups (e.g.,
mountain biking, hiking, dog
walking) and update trail standards
while balancing the need for
conservation (i.e., protecting rare
and endangered species and
ecosystems).
Complete an inventory of species at Decommission and restore
risk and their habitat within the unauthorized trails outside of
BMCA, with particular focus in the riparian areas.
south/east areas of the park.
With conservation as a key
management priority, consider
designating all areas/trails as non-
motorized access and install
signage or other deterrents to
discourage motorized access.
Decommission and restore
unauthorized trails within 30 m of
all watercourses, with Stoney Creek
being highest priority.
Implement an enforcement
program to address issues with
unauthorized trail use, non-
permitted camping, illegal dumping,
and access into restricted
(sensitive) areas.
48
7.0
References
References
49
Axys Environmental Consulting and P.F. Smallenberg (Axys). 1999. Management Plan for Burnaby Mountain
Conservation Area. Accessed: http://scec.ca/pdf/BBY/BBYMtnMng_Chap03_17.pdf
B.C. Ministry of Environment. 2014. Recovery Plan for the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in British Columbia. Prepared
for the B.C. Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC. 30 pp.
Bouchard, R., and D. Kennedy. 1986. Squamish Nation Land Use and Occupancy. Report submitted to
Squamish Nation Chiefs and Council, BC Indian Language Project, Victoria, British Columbia.
City of Burnaby. 1958. Burnaby Heritage Planning, Burnaby Mountain Area. Accessed:
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/list?q=%22Burnaby+Mountain+Park%22&p=1&ps=
City of Burnaby. 2019. History and Features. Accessed: https://www.burnaby.ca/Things-To-Do/Explore-

Outdoors/Parks/Burnaby-Mountain-Conservation-Area/History-and-Features.html
Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). 2016. Management Plan for the Coastal Tailed Frog
(Ascaphus truei) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at Risk Act Management Plan Series. Environment and
Climate Change Canada, Ottawa. 2 parts, 3 pp. + 49 pp.
Environment Canada. 2015. Recovery Strategy for Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) in Canada
[Proposed]. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Environment Canada, Ottawa. vi + 51 pp.
Francioni, M., D. Stead, J.J. Clague and A. Westin. 2018. Identification and Analysis of Large Paleo-Landslides at
Mount Burnaby, British Columbia. Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, Vol. XXIV, No. 2, May 2018,
pp. 221–235
Friars, K. 2000. Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area Management Plan. Report to Council. Parks, Recreation
and Cultural Services.
Government of Canada, 2010. Species at Risk Species Profile – Roell’s Brotherella Moss. Retrieved from
https://wildlife-species.canada.ca/species-risk-registry/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=1121 July 8,
2019
Hennings, L. 2016. Impacts of dogs on wildlife and water quality. Portland Metro Parks and Nature.
10.13140/RG.2.1.1107.5445.
Leung, Y.F. and J. L. Marion. 2000. Recreation impacts and management in wilderness: A state of knowledge
review. USDA Forest Service Proceedings 15. 5: 23 – 47.
Marion J.L., Y.F. Leung and S. Nepal. 2006. Monitoring Trail Conditions: New Methodological Considerations.
The George Wright Forum 2: 36-49.
Ministry of Environment. 2019. B.C. Ecosystem Explorer Species Summary for Corynorhinus townsendii
(Townsend’s Big Eared Bat) Accessed July 28, 2019).
50
Dillon Consulting Limited

510-3820 Cessna Drive
Richmond, BC V7B 0A2
604-278-7847
www.Dillon.ca
51

Environmental Conditions Assessment: Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Environmental Conditions Assessment: Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Environmental Conditions Assessment Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area

1.0 Introduction Page 04

2.0 Environmental Conditions Page 00

3.0 Natural Assets within Deer Page 12

4.0 Stressors and User Impacts Page 25

5.0 Management Priorities and Page 36

6.0 Implementation Plan Page 46

7.0 References Page 49

Photo 1: Young Ferns

Because of its natural, recreational,

1.2 Project Purpose

Si mon Creek Existing Park Assets

PEDESTRIAN ONLY TRAIL

MAP DRAWING INFORMATION:

MO NTECI TO MAP CREATED BY: RBB

MAP PROJECTION: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N

Like infrastructure asset management, by

2.0 Environmental Conditions Assessment Methods

Key steps to undertaking the Environmental Conditions Assessment were:

2.1 Literature Review

2.2 Geospatial Analysis

Geospatial information identified during the

The use of this technology facilitated and

3.1 Vegetation Communities

Overview assessments of Burnaby Mountain

Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area covers an area of

Field investigations confirmed the dominance of

Field Data Collected on May 2019

MO NTECI TO MAP CREATED BY: RBB

MAP PROJECTION: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N

B R O A D WAY STATUS: FINAL

TYNDA DATE: 2019-07-29

Biophysical Data (May 2019)

BC HYDRO HERPTILE MEL'S SPRING

* - Obtained from City of Burnaby in 2018

MO N TEC ITO ESRI Basemaps, City of Burnaby

MAP CHECKED BY: JH, SK

3.1.2 Shrubs/Herbs Overall, the understory of shrub and herbaceous

other drainages in the southeast corner of the

3.1.4 Manicured / Managed Natural Areas

Several manicured and managed natural areas are

3.2 Aquatic Resources

Many headwater tributaries and streams originate

Area boundary, have the potential to support

3.2.1 Stoney Creek

Stoney Creek formally begins just outside of the

3.2.2 Silver Creek

3.3 Fish, Wildlife, and Species at Risk

Many of the tributaries originating

Of note, it is likely that the cliffs on the north face

3.3.5 Rare and Endangered Species

Western Painted Turtle

Western painted turtle (Pacific Coast population) is a Schedule 1 -

Nooksack Dace is a species that is federally listed as a Schedule 1 -

The Olive-sided flycatcher is a Schedule 1 - Threatened species under

Only one endangered plant (Species at Risk Act Schedule 1) is known to

4.0 Stressors and User Impacts

4.1 Natural Stressors

4.1.1 Natural Erosion

Existing Stressors and User Impacts

DUMPING AREA UNOFFICIAL TRAIL

DANGER - RUGGED STEEP TERRAIN

BURNABY MOUNTAIN CONSERVATION AREA