LKS 7

CHANGE IN MATTER
I. Competence of Standard
To understand state of matters and their changes
II. Basic Competence

4.1. To identify the physical and chemical change of matters in daily life
4.2. To identify occurrences of the chemical reaction with simple experiments
III. Indicators
1. Student able to classification physical and chemical properties in daily life
2. Student able to understand some methods of mixture separation
3. Student able to classification physical and chemical change in daily life
4. Student able to do simple experiment of chemical reaction
IV. Science Words

1. Physical Change : Perubahan Fisika
2. Chemical Change : Perubahan Kimia
3. Substance : Zat
4. Filtering : Pemisahan campuran berdasarkan perbedaan ukuran zat
5. Distillation : Pemisahan campuran berdasarkan perbedaan titik didih
6. Crystallization : Pemisahan campuran berdasarkan kemampuan menguap
7. Melting point : Titik lebur
8. Boiling point : Titik didih
V. Objective
Student able to understand physical and chemical process
VI. Theory
A. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
All substances have properties that we can use to identify them. For example we
can identify a person by their face, their voice, height, finger prints, DNA etc.. The more
of these properties that we can identify, the better we know the person. In a similar way
matter has properties - and there are many of them. There are two basic types of
properties that we can associate with matter. These properties are called Physical
properties and Chemical properties:
Physical properties are the properties that can not result in a new substance. An
example of a physical change would be the dissolving of one thing into another thing. For
instance, dissolving sugar into water. The water and the sugar retain their chemical
identities and can be separated by physical means. Another example is ice melting to
water. Ice and water are both H2O. The identity of the matter is not changed, just the
state that it is in.
Physical properties are observable properties like:
1. Colour
We know that there are kinds of colour: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet,
White and black etc. For examples, the colour of paper is white. The colour of this pen is
black. So that, colour is one of physical properties.
Green leaf is one

red laptop is one of
Rainbow includes of physics
physics properties
the most of colors
2. Shape
We can measure diameter, volume and shape of the ball. The shape of the ball is
spherical. So that, shape is one of physical properties.
3. Size
The mixture of gravels and sand can be separated by filter apparatus beside
on size. The other example, the size of a hand phone is small and the size of a
computer is big. So that size is one of physical properties.
4. Solidity
Solidity shows density of matter and density depend of mass and volume of the
matter. Stone is bigger density than wood.
5. Melting point & Boiling point

Water has melting point normally at 0oC and boiling point at 100oC. For example,
a cup of water can be frozen when cooled and then can be returned to a liquid form when
heated. So, melting point and boiling point are included physical properties.
6. Magnetically
The iron can be pulled by magnetic force, but the wood can not be pulled by
magnetic force. The affinity of iron towards magnet is the characteristic of an iron.
7. Electrically
There are two kinds of electrically properties in matter, namely conductor &
isolator. Every matter has electrical properties that it different from other.
Chemical properties are the properties that can result in a new substance. Some
examples of chemical changes: the rusting of your car, setting your shoe on fire,
digesting food, and the burning of magnesium metal in oxygen to form magnesium
oxide. All of these materials combine chemically with another material , and cannot
be separated by any physical means.
B.
B. MIXTURE SEPARATION
The separation of mixtures into its constituents in a pure state is an important

process in chemistry. The constituents of any mixture can be separated on the basis of
their differences in their physical and chemical properties e.g., particle size, solubility,
effect of heat, acidity or basicity etc.
Some of the methods for separation of mixtures are: filtering, crystallization,
distillation, sublimation, and chromatography.
1. Filtering
A solid which has not dissolved in a liquid can be separated by filtration. A filter
paper is placed inside a glass funnel and a container put beneath. The solid
remaining in the filter paper is called the residue. The residue can be dried by
spreading it out on the filter paper and allowing the liquid to evaporate. The liquid
which has passed through the filter paper is called the filtrate.
2. Crystallization
A solid which has dissolved in a liquid (called a solution) can be separated by
crystallization. The dissolved substance is called the solute. The liquid used for
dissolving is called the solvent. The solution is warmed in an open container, allowing
the solvent to evaporate, leaving a saturated solution.
A solution which has as much solid dissolved in it as it can possibly contain, is

called a saturated solution. As the saturated solution is allowed to cool, the solid will
come out of the solution and crystals will start to grow. The crystals can then be
collected and allowed to dry.
3. Distillation
A liquid can be separated from a mixture of liquids in a solution by fractional
distillation. The solution is heated until it boils. The liquid with the lowest boiling point
boils first and becomes a vapor (gas). The vapor is cooled in the condenser until the
temperature falls below the boiling point when it condenses back into a liquid
which is collected in a container. The collected liquid is called the distillate. It has
been distilled. The condenser has cold water running through a jacket around the
outside to keep the temperature below the boiling point of the vapor.
After the liquid with the lowest boiling point has been collected, the temperature of
the remaining mixture will rise to a new temperature when the liquid with the next lowest
boiling point will boil and can be collected. The process can be continued to separate all
the liquids in the mixture (see also the fractional distillation of crude oil).
4. Sublimation
This method is used to separate volatile
solids, from a non-volatile solid. The mixture is
taken in a china dish covered with a perforated
filter paper on which an inverted glass funnel is
placed to collect the vapors. Upon heating, the
substance vaporizes and gets deposited on the
walls of the funnel. The non-volatile substances
are left in the dish. In sublimation, a solid is
heated in a flask under vacuum. This method of
heating usually makes the solid sublime directly
into a gas without first melting into a liquid. The
gas is then condensed on a cold surface, which
causes the solid to re-form. Impurities, which
are usually of heavier molecular weight and do
not evaporate as easily, are left behind on the
bottom of the flask. The solid can be scraped off
the cold surface for further reactions or analysis.
A vacuum sublimation apparatus
5. Chromatography
This technique is called paper chromatography. The mixture (in this case two
green ink spots) is put on a filter paper which is placed in a suitable solvent. As the
solvent rises up the filter paper the individual dyes within the green ink spots are
separated and different dyes travel different distances up the paper.
The solvent travels furthest up the filter paper leaving a line called the solvent
front. In the above example the green ink spots each have the same blue dye
(because they have traveled the same distance) but different yellow dyes
(because they have traveled a different distance).
C. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGE
When we take a log of wood and saw it, than we cut it into many halves, and
change it into some furniture, door, and many things. The nature of the wood is still the
same. The process of changing from a log of wood into some furniture is called a
physical change.
Physical change is a change that does not result in a new substance. For
example, a bar of iron melts and gets cooled, physical changes take place. Iron will
change physically if it absorbs or releases enough energy. In each situation, iron will still
have its physical nature as iron substance. Generally, physical change includes:
1. Evaporation
2. Condensation
3. Melting
4. Freezing
5. Sublimation
6. Crystallization
Some physical Change in Water
Water as steam or water vapor. Water as a liquid is Ice is formed when water is
It is formed when water is formed then water vapor cooled to the freezing point.
heated to the boiling point or it is cooled or ice is heated.
evaporates.
Chemical change is a change that results in a new substance. The characteristic of
chemical change are:
1. Substance changes in composition of the matter.

2. Can not unformed
3. Able to rust
4. Poison
5. Flammable
A chemical change produces a new substance. Examples of chemical changes include

combustion (burning), cooking an egg, rusting of an iron pan, and mixing hydrochloric acid
and sodium hydroxide to make salt and water. The formation of a gas is a clue to chemical
changes. The bubbles of gas that you observed form when an antacid is dropped into water
is an example of change. Another clue that a chemical change has occurred is the formation
of a solid. A solid that separates out of solution during a chemical change is called a
precipitate.
D. THE NATURE OF CHEMICAL REACTION
A chemical reaction can be identified based on the change happening in the

reaction. Some changes can be in the form of:
1. Precipitation. Example, lime water is caused reaction between the water with carbon
dioxide.
2. Color changes. Example, color change in a cut apple exposed to the air.
3. Gas production. Example, mixing carbide with water, it will form acetylene.
4. Temperature changes. Example, a firecracker that explodes.
VII. Activities
a. Materials and tools
1. A plate
2. Seawater (water + salt)
(A plate containing seawater)

b. Procedure
1. Fill Prepare seawater or artificial seawater. You may prepare seawater by mixing
some salt and water.
2. Pour the seawater into the plate .
3. Expose the seawater in the plate to sunlight.
4. Let the exposure for 2 or 3 days.
c. Analysis
1. What stays on the plate after the 3-day exposure to sunlight?
2. Is your activity the same as what the salt farmers do?
IX. Tasks
Exercise: Identifications of physical and chemical change

A. Practice on identifying Chemical and Physical properties
1. Aluminum has a low density.

A. This is a physical property
B. This is a chemical property.
2. Diamonds are capable of cutting glass.

3. Water can be separated by electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen.

4. Sugar is capable of dissolving in water.

5. Vinegar will react with baking soda.

B. Practice on identifying Chemical and Physical change
1. Breaking water up by separating it into hydrogen and oxygen is an example of a ...

B. This is a chemical property
2. Melting and boiling causes a ...

3. A change in size or shape is a ...

4. The fact that sugar is white is a ...

5. Iron rusts when exposed to air. This is a ...

X. Home Work
COMPETENCE TEST
A. Multiple Choice
1. The changes of solid to be liquid is named ….

a. condensing c. melting
b. subliming d. vaporizing
2. The changes of solid to gases is named …
a. condensing c. melting
b. subliming d. vaporizing
3. An example of a chemical property is …..
a. magnet of fridge c. dew disappearing from grass
b. water changes to be ice d. frying a hamburger
4. Which of the following is not a chemical property …
a. burning c. rusting
b. shattering d. decomposing
5. The melting point of silver is a ….
a. chemical change c. Physical change
b. chemical properties d. Physical properties
6. Oil and water on the picture beside be separated by using …
a. a Liebig condense
b. chromatography paper
c. a filter funnel
d. a separating funnel
7. Dyes in water soluble markers may be separated by means of …
a. Chromatography c. Filtration
b. Distillation d. Crystallization
8. Which one of the following is not a physical property of hydrogen…
a. It is a gas c. It is colorless
b. It is explosive d. It has no small
9. Which physical property will change as gravity changes…
a. Weight c. mass
b. Volume d. Color
10. Which one of the following is not a physical change …
a. Clothes drying in the dryer c. Chopping wood
b. Making a cup of coffee d. Boiling an egg
11. 3 examples of physical change are….
a. Boling water, nail rusting, melting candle the dryer.
b. Pond freezing, breaking glass, burning candle
c. Melting ice, mowing lawn, carving statue
d. Applying lipstick, making lemonade, baking bread.
12. Which of these will cause a chemical change to occur?
a. Grinding of wheat into flour c. Evaporation of water from a lake
b. Lighting of a gas stove d. Ringing of an electric bell
13. The mixture of Salt and water in the pan. Name the separation technique shown in the
diagram is …
a. filtration
b. distillation
c. crystallization
d. chromatography
14. The diagram shows the apparatus for separating soil and water. The labeled parts are …
a. A = filtrate, B = residue
b. A = distillate, B = filtrate
c. A = residue, B = distillate
d. A = residue, B = filtrate
15. Which of the following techniques is best suited for purifying whiskey?
a. filtration c. chromatography
b. distillation d. evaporation
16. In a distillation of a mixture of two components, the first compound to condense into the
receiving flask will be …
a. the one with the lower melting point
b. the one with the higher melting point
c. the one with the lower boiling point
d. the one with the higher boiling point
17. Dyes in water soluble markers may be separated by means of …

a. crystallization
b. chromatography
c. distillation
d. evaporation
18. Breaking water up by separating it into hydrogen and oxygen is an example of a …

a. physical change c. physical properties
b. chemical change d. chemical properties
19. Which one of the following is an example of a physical change …
a. Iron rusting c. a candle burning
b. A steak cooking d. sugar dissolving in water
20. An example of a chemical change or reaction is …
a. mixing salt in water
b. burning water in the pan to evaporate it
c. burning wood
d. defrosting frozen food
21. One chemical reaction that produces energy is called …
a. exothermic c. thermometer
b. endothermic d. explosion
22. Which of the following observations could be an indication of a chemical reaction of
antimony …
a. It expands upon freezing
b. It burns in an atmosphere of chlorine
c. It melts at 631°C.
d. It is a solid at room temperature
23. What is the correct word equation for the chemical equation:
2Fe(s) + 3Cl2(g) ® 2FeCl3(s)
a. Aqueous iron and chlorine gas react to produce solid iron chlorate
b. Aqueous iron and chlorine gas react to produce aqueous iron chlorate
c. Solid iron and chlorine gas react to produce solid iron chlorate
d. Solid iron and chlorine gas react to produce solid iron chloride
24. During a chemical reaction, new substances are formed by rearranging atoms. New
substances are called …
a. precipitate c. product
b. starters d. reactants
25. Which form of energy is released or absorbed in most chemical reactions?

a. Light energy c. Sound energy
b. Electrical energy d. Heat energy
B. ESSAY
1. What is different between physical and chemical properties?
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2. Mention 5 examples of physical and chemical properties.

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3. Mention 5 methods of mixture separation and these example each.
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4. What are physical and chemical change?
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5. Explain what are characteristics of chemical reaction

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Parents Signature Score Teacher Signature

ACID BASE AND SALT
I. COMPETENCE OF STANDARD
Indentify acid, base, and salt using indicator and/or instruments.
II. BASIC COMPETENCE

Classify acid, base, salt using indicators and/or instruments.
III. INDICATORS
Students are able to:
1. Indentify acid, base, and salt using indicator and/or instruments.
2. Determine the acidity of compounds using natural indicators.
IV. SCIENCE WORDS

Solar system : Tata surya
Fusion : Reaksi fusi
Inner planet : Planet dalam
Outer planet : Planet luar
Atmosphere : Atmosfer
Lithosphere : Litosfer
Nuclear reaction : Reaksi nuklir
V. THEORY
For thousands of years people have known that vinegar, lemon juice and many other foods
taste sour. Tasting is not a safe way to identify acid and base. Maybe you have known that
acid tastes sour. However, taste should not be used to test the existence of acid and base.
You cannot taste unfamiliar chemical substances since some of them are poisonous and
corrosive.
A. Acid
In everyday life we deal with many compounds that chemists classify as acids. For example,
orange juice and grapefruit juice contain citric acid. In any chemistry laboratory, we find
acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid. The characteristics of acid are:
1. Acid has taste sour.
2. Turns litmus paper to red.
3. Contain combined Hydrogen.
B. Base
Bases are ionic compounds containing metal ions and hydroxide ions. For example, sodium
hydroxide contains sodium ions and hydroxide ions. Ammonium hydroxide, or ammonia
water, is very irritating to the nose and the eyes. This substance, called a hydroxide, or a
base, is often used in the home for cleaning because bases generally dissolve grease. The
characteristics of base are:
1. Bases taste bitter.
2. Feel slippery.
3. Turn red litmus to blue.
4. Bases release hydroxide ions in water solutions.
C. Salt
In general, salts are ionic compounds that are composed of metallic ions and nonmetallic
ions. For example, sodium chloride is composed of metallic sodium ions and nonmetallic
chloride ions.
Mars
VI. ACTIVITIES
Materials and tools:
Earth
• Litmus paper
Venus
• Drop palette
• Pipette
• Vinegar
• Chloride acid
• Salt solution
Procedures:
1. Cut 1 cm of red and blue litmus paper and put them in the dents of the drop palette;
then add some distilled water. Observe whether there is any change on the litmus. Write
your observation. In the same way, test other prepared solutions.
2. Do the activity 1 and replace the water with vinegar, chloride acid and salt solution.
Write your observation at the table below:
Indicator Water Vinegar Chloride acid Salt solution
Red litmus ................ ................ ................ .............
Blue litmus ................ ................ ............... ..............
3. Classify the solution based on their characteristics ( acid , base, salt or neutral ).
4. What can you conclude about acid, base and salt?
5. If the solution is tested using red litmus paper, the color remains red, can it be conclude
that the solution is acid? explain your answer.
VII. TASKS
1. List three different definitions of Acids and bases.

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2. What makes an acid strong or weak?

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3. What makes a base strong?

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4. List five strong acids.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5. What is pH?
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VIII. COMPETENCE TEST
Multiple Choice
1. The following is the properties of acid…..
A. Turn red litmus paper into blue C. Bitter taste
B. Greasy feeling D. React with active metal
2. Which of the following is classified as strong acid…..?
A. Citric acid C. Sodium hydroxide
B. Sulphuric acid D. Ammonia
3. Vinegar is an example of acid. The following identification is possible an acid except....
A. Sour taste
B. Conducting electricity
C. If dropped to red litmus, the litmus turns to blue
D. If dropped to blue litmus, the litmus turns to red
4. An apple contains....
A. Nitric Acid C. Chloric Acid
B. Malic Acid D. Ascorbic Acid
5. The word acid comes from latin word ……which means…..
Word Meaning
A Caustic bitter
B Acidus Sweet
C Acidus Bitter
D Acidus Sour
6. A compound generates hydroxide ion (OH). When it dissolves in water called.…

A. Base/alkali C. Acid
B. Salt D. Water
7. The substance considered basic its pH is…….
A. Equal to seven (7) C. Higher than seven (7)
B. Lower than seven (7) D. Equal to five (5)
8. The usage acid in accumulator is…….
A. Sulphuric Acid ( H2SO4 ) C. Carbonate Acid ( HCO3 )
B. Chlori Acid ( HCl ) D. Nitric Acid ( HNO3 )
9. The formula of table salt…….
A. Na F C. NaCl
B. NaC D. CH3
10. When your mother makes a cake what does she add to make the cake rise….
A. Vinegar
B. Vanilla
C. Caustic soda
D. Baking soda
Matter and Its States
I. Standard Of Competence :
8. To understand the state of matter and change it.
II. Basic competence :
8.1.To investigate the characteristic of matter based on its state and its application in
daily life
III. Indicators
1.To investigate the state change on a matter.
2.To describe the attraction force and particles move in matter.
3.Differentiate cohesion and adhesion through an observation.
4.To connect the capillarity in our daily live
IV. Science Words

- Adhesion : Adesi - Capillarity : Kapilaritas
- Cohesion : Kohesi -Concave miniscus : Miniskus cekung
- Convex miniscus : Miniskus cembung - Solid : Zat padat
- Liquid : Zat cair - Gas : gas
V. Objective
Student able to understand Matter and Its States
VI. Theory
Matter can be divided a solid, a liquid and a gas. The differences in the arrangement and
movement of particles in the three states.
Solid Liquid Gas

• The molecules arranged • The molecules are not • The molecules are far apart.
very close together in arranged in regular pattern
regular pattern . and are slightly further apart
than in solids.
• fixed shape and fixed • fixed volume but no fixed • No fixed shape and no fixed
volume. shape. volume.
• Not compressible • Not easily compresseble. • highly compressible.
• Does not flow easily. Flows easily. • Flows easily
• Movement of perticles is • can move freely • can move freely

vibrate about in their fixed
positions.
• There are very small spaces • There are small spaces • There are very big spaces
between particles. between particles. between particles.
• The force of attraction • The force of attraction • The force of attraction

between particles is strong. between particles is not as between particles is very
strong compared with weak.
particles in solids.
•
Solid
Liquid Gas
A liquid lies in a tube can undergo the phenomenon of miniscus. The miniscus is divided into
two kinds, namely convex miniscus and concave miniscus. Convex miniscus is the liquid
surface which has convex in shape. Concave miniscus is the liquid surface which has concave
in shape. The water surface in tube has concave in shape. It is caused by water cohesion is
smaller than water adhision with the tube wall.The mercury surface tube has convex in shape. It
is caused by mercury cohesion is larger than mercury adhesion with the tube wall. Cohesion is
attractive force between particles of the same type. Adhesion is attractive force between
particles of different type. Capillarity is a phenomenon in which a liquid’s surface rises, falls, or
distrorted in the shape where it is in contact with solid, specially in a capillry tube.
VII. Activities
A. Recognizing States of Matter
In this activity you will recognize some characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases.
a. Materials and tools :
- Water - A measuring cylinder

- A balloon - A glass cup
- wood block - A glass A
- A small board marker - A ruler
b. Procedure
1. Prepare these apparatus and materials: a wood block, a glass cup, a glass, a balloon, a
measuring cylinder, a ruler, and a small board marker.
2. Use the measuring cylinder to measure 50 ml of water. Pour the 50 ml into a glass. What
is the shape of the water after you pour the water into the glass?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Using a small board marker, write a mark on the part of the glass where the water
surface is.
3. Now pour the water into the glass cup. What is the shape of the water after you pour the
water into the cup?
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Using a small board marker write a mark on the part of the glass cup where the water
surface is. Then, measure the volume of the water. Does the volume of the water
change? How do you find it?
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4. Let’s have a look at a wood block. What is the shape of the block? Measure its length,
width, and height. Put the block into the empty glass. Does the shape of the block
change? Write down the result of your observation and measurement of the block in the
table below.
A SOLID BLOCK
Initial shape
Length
Width
Height
Shape in the glass
5. Blow air into a balloon so that it is inflated and tie the opening so that the balloon is not
deflated. What is the shape of the air in the balloon?
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Can you change the shape of the air? How?
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c. Conclusion
1. What is the state of this matter?
a. Water
b. Wood block
c. Air
2. Think about a wood block. Do its volume and shape change?
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3. Do all solids have unchanged volume and shape?
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4. Think about the activities that you have done and complete the table below.
Volume Shape Draw the shape of matter

Solid
Liquid
Gas
B. THE STATE OF MATTER CHANGING
In this activity you will recognize the state of matter changing.
Materials and Tools:
1. A Beaker 5. water
2. Measuring cylinder 6. Campers
3. Tripod 7. wax
4. Burner 8. A clear glass

Activity B.1
a. Procedure
1. Set the tools as the following picture.
Beaker
Water
burner
Tripod
2. Pour the beaker with 100 ml of water.
3. Heat the water to boiling , and observe the surface of boiling water!
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4. Put a glass over the steam of boiling water, and observe what happen to the surface of
the glass!
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b. Conclusion:
1. Water can be changed to steam/gas if ……….……… this phenomenon is
called…………….…
2. Steam/gas can be changed to water/liquid if ……. this phenomenon is called….…
Activity B.2
a. Procedure
1. Set the tools as in the activity A, but change the water to 2 bar of wax
2. Notice the initial form of the wax.
3. Heat the wax, and observe the changing of the wax. What does it be
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…
4. What do you call that phenomenon?
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5. Put out the paraffin. What is the form of the wax when it is hot?
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6. Simmer a moment. Then observe What is the form of the wax when it is cold?
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b. Conclusion :
1. A solid wax can change its form to liquid if ….… this phenomenon is called………
2. A liquefied wax can change its form to solid if ….… this phenomenon is called…
Activity B.3
a. Procedure
1. Set the tools as in the activity B, but change the Wax to same pieces of camper.
Beaker
Camper
Burner
Tripod
2. Lit burner, observe what is the form of the camper?
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3. Is there any liquid in it?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..……
4. How is the changing to the camper?
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b. Conclusion:
1. Solid change to gas if ………………………………………………..……….………….
2. This is called …………………………………………………………………………..….
C. KOHESION AND ADHESION
Materials and tools :
1. A Beaker 5.a piece of Newspaper sheet
2. Water 6. A piece of cloth
3. Mercury 7. A connected vessel
4. A piece of zinc/wire 8. Cloth

Activity C.1
a. Procedure
1. Take two beakers; fill the first beaker with water and the second one with mercury. Do
both beakers have similar surface?
……………………………………………..………………….
2. How are the surface of the two beakers?
a. The water’s surface is ………………………
b. The mercury’s surface is ………………..…
b. Conclusion
1. The surface of the water in the first beaker is …….… water mercury
because …….... force is stronger
than …….… force.
2. The surface of the mercury in the second beaker is ………. because ……. force is
stronger than ……. force.
Activity C.2
a. Procedure
1. Take a connected vessel with capillary pipes, observe how are the holes of the pipes?
….…..………………………………………………………………………………………
2. (gambar bejana berhubungan dengan pipa kapiler terisi air)
connected vessel
Fill the pipes from the largest pipe half way, then observe the surface of water in the
smaller pipes.
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3. Which pipe has the highest water surface, and Which pipe has the lowest water
surface.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Repeat your experiment, but change the water to mercury. How are the surface of the
mercury in the pipes?
5. Which pipe has the highest mercury surface, and Which pipe has the lowest mercury
surface.
b. Conclusion:
1. When a connected vessel with capillary pipes was filled water, the highest surface is in
the … pipe. This happen because ………… force to …….… is stronger than …….…
force to …………….
2. When a connected vessel with capillary pipes was filled mercury, the highest surface is
in the ……….… pipe. This happen because ………… force to ………… is stronger
than …….… force to ………….
Activity C.3
a. Procedure
1. Set the tools as shown in the picture.
tissue
zinc
cloth
water
Take a pail and then fill water half way let part of the zinc, tissue, and cloth drowned to
the water while the rest of the three are hanging out of the pail.
….……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Let a moment, then observe which is the wettest all the three?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Which is not wet?

………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What do you call the process of absorbing water/liquid trough a piece of cloth and
tissue?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Mention some activities which have close relation to the answer of number 4 in our daily
life.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Competency test
A. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER BY CROSSING a, b, c OR d !
1. The following are some statements about matter:

(1) has certain properties
(2) has fixed colour
(3) has fixed shape
(4) occupies space and has mass
The correct statement is….
a. (1)
b. (2)
c. (3)
d. (4)
2. Study the following properties of matter:

(1) The particles can move freely
(2) The shape does not change.
(3) The volume changes.
(4) The volume does not change
Which are the characteristic of gas….
a. (1), and (2)
b. (1), and (3)
c. (2), and (3)
d. (3) , and (4)
3. Study the following table:
No Characteristics of Particle Solid Liquid Gas
1 Particle movement rigid rapid very rapid
2 Particle Position dense loose very loose
3 Attractive Forces very weak weak strong
4 Free space between slight spacious very spacious
particles
Base on the table, the correct characteristics of particle are shown by the number of …..
a. 1, 2, and 3
b. 1, 3, and 4
c. 1, 2, and 4
d. 1, 3, and 4
4. There is liquid in capillary pipe. If the cohesion between liquid particles is bigger than the
adhesion between the liquid and the container particles, the shape of the liquid surface is….
a. Concave
b. Convex
c. Inclined
d. Flat
5. Table shows the densities of tree substance P, Q and R
Substance State of substance Density (g cm-3)
P Solid 0.8
Q Liquid 0.7
R Gas 1.7
Liquid Q and R are not miscible (bercampur) while solid P is not soluble(larut) in liquid Q and
R. These substances are put into a gas jar and left for a while. Which of the following
arrangement is the corect pattern formed by P, Q and R.
a Q b Q c R d R
P P
Q
R
R Q
P P
6. The figure shows the arrangement of particles in matter P, Q and R.
P Q R
Which of the following substances are represented by P, Q and R
P Q R
a Sugar Oil Hydrogen
b Alcohol Hydrogen Copper
c Petrol Alcohol Ice
d Oil Ice Petrol
7. The state of matter that has unchanged volume and shape is ….

a. gas c. solid
b. liquid d. solid and liquid
8. Solid has definite volume and shape because it has ...
(1)spacious free space between particles
(2)strong cohesion
(3)the space between particles is very close.
The corect statements are …
a. (1), (2) and (3)
b. (1) and (2)
c. (1) and (3)
d. (2) and (3)
9. Which of the following statements is false?
a. All living things are matter
b. Matter can be found all around us
c. Matter has definite shape and volume
d. Matter exists in two different states
10. Which of the following shows the arrangement of particles in an iron rod
a. c.
b. d.
11. A matter always has …..

a. fixed volume c.colour
b. fixed shape d.mass
12. A liquid has …..
a. alterable volume c. alterable mass
b. alterable shape d. alterable number of particle
13. The following properties are posessed by a solid, except ….
a. has fixed shape
b. has fixed dimension
c. its particle move freely
d. its particle are very close to each other
14. Air is classified as matter because it ….
a. is colourless c. supports life
b. is a gas d. has mass and volume.
15. Which one of the following physical properties determines the use of perfume?
a. State of matter c. Smell
b. Taste d. Waxy
16. Which one of the following is not a physical property?
a. Can be bent
b. Can conduct electricity
c. Can allow light to pass through
d. Can be decomposed on heating
17. Gold is used in making jewellerly because it ….
a. is hard c. can conduct heat
b. is shiny d. can be stretched
18. The common physical property found in all sorings is ….
a. elasticity c. high degree of hardness
b. solubility d. high melting point.
19. Vacuum can be classified as a .....
a. solid c. gas
b. liquid d. npne of the above.
20. Volume of gas depends on ....
a. iats colour c. its shape
b. its container d. humidity
21. Water, ice and steam are ...... respectively.
a. solid, liquid and gas c. liquid, solid and gas
b. gas, solid and liquid d. liquid, liquid and gas
22. A glass in upside down position is immersedin water. It is turns out that water can not go
inside the galss. This condition proves that ….
a. air hasmass c. air occupies space
b. air has weight d. air cannot be pressed
23. Mercury dropped on glass always form small droplets . The cause is ….
a. the attractive force of the particles of mercury is very strong
b. mercury is liquid metal
c. mercury has convexs meniscus
d.mercury does not change into particles
24. The property of solidd substance which related to cohesion is ….
a. solid substance have fixed shape, their volume and shape do not change.
b. solid substance are hard to be broken apart.
c. solid substance has well ordered particle.
d.if solid substances are heated the will melt.
25. Pots and pans are usually made from metals because metals ….
a. have high densities
b. can beaten into shape
c. are solids
d. a good conductors of heat.
II. Answer the question below
1. What it the difference between adhesion and cohesion? What is the influence of adhesion
and cohesionon liquid!
2. Explain the difference of solid, liquid and gas based on their shapes.
3. What is the meaning of capilairity and mention 3 phenomena of capilarity in our everyday
live.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………..……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..
4. Why can paint adhere to wood?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………..……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..
5. .Look at the figure below.
1 2 3 4
Write in the corect order, start from the srongest adhesion to the lowest.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

DENSITY
To understand state of matters and their changes

8.2. To describe density concept in daily life and it applications
III. Indicators
5. Student able to understand density concept
6. Student able to do experiment to measure of mass and volume
7. Student able to find density of an object to solve problems in daily life
IV. Science Words

9. Volume : Ruang yang terisi oleh suatu benda
10. Mass : Banyaknya zat yang ada di dalam suatu benda
11. Density : Kerapatan suatu benda
V. Objective
Student able to understand density concept and apply it in daily life.
VI. Theory
C. DENSITY CONCEPT
Density is a physical property of matter is defined as mass divided by volume, or

mass per unit volume.
r = Density (g/cm3 o kg/ m3)

m = Mass (g o kg)
V = Volume (cm3 o m3)
Mass is the amount of matte contained in an object and is commonly measu ed

in units of g ams (g). Volume is the amount of space taken up by a quantity of matte
and is commonly exp essed in cubic centimete s (cm3) o in millilite s (ml) (1cm3 = 1 ml).
The efo e, common units used to exp ess density a e g ams pe millilite s (g/ml) and
grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). For example the density of water is 1 gram/cm3
since water was used as an early mass standard, one gram being informally defined as
the mass of 1 cm3 of water. The SI unit for density is kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).
Liters and metric tons are not part of the SI, but are acceptable for use with it, leading to
the following units: kilograms per liter (kg/L), grams per milliliter (g/mL), metric tons per
cubic meter (t/m³). Densities using the following metric units all have exactly the same
numerical value, one thousandth of the value in (kg/m³). For example. A typical brick has
a mass of 2,268 g and occupies a volume of 1,230 cm3. The density of the brick is
therefore:
2,268 g/1,230 cm3 = 1.84 g/cm3
D.
E. MEASURING OF DENSITY
Since different substances have

different densities, density
measurements are a useful means for
identifying substances. The density at
any point of a homogeneous object
equals its total mass divided by its total
volume. The mass is normally
measured with an appropriate scale or
balance; the volume may be measured Figure. VI.1. Brick and feathers
directly (from the geometry of the
object) or by the displacement of a fluid. Hydrostatic weighing, for instance uses, the
displacement of water due to a submerged object to determine the density of the object.
For example, how could you distinguish a metric ton of feathers versus a metric ton of
bricks if you could not see them?
One metric ton of either feathers or

bricks will have an identical mass of 1,000
kilograms (one metric ton). However, a
metric ton of feathers will occupy a volume
of almost 400 million cm3 (about the size of
four tractor trailer trucks), while a metric ton
of bricks will occupy only one-half million
cm3 (about the size of a large-screen TV).
The bricks are denser than the feathers
because their mass is packed into a smaller
volume. This relationship between the mass
and volume of a substance is what defines
the physical property of density:
Look at the table for examples of the
densities of common substances.
F. CHANGE OF DENSITY
In gene al, density can be changed by changing eithe the p essu e o the
tempe atu e. Inc easing the p essu e always inc eases the density of a mate ial because
p essu e dec eases volume (shape) and it effects to change of density. Inc easing the
tempe atu e gene ally dec eases the density, but the e a e notable exceptions to this
gene alization. Fo example, the density of wate inc eases between its melting point at
0 °C and 4 °C; similar behavior is observed in silicon at low temperatures.
VII. Activities
d. Materials and tools
1. Metal cube : 2 pcs
2. Stone : 1 pcs
3. Balance : 1 pcs
4. Funnel glass : 1 pcs
5. Graduated glass : 1 pcs
6. Ruler : 1 pcs
7. Strange : sufficiently
8. water : sufficiently
e. Procedure
1. Weigh the mass of metal cubes and stone by using the Balance!
2. Measure the volume of metal cubes by using the ruler!
3. Measure the volume of stone by using the funnel glass as the figure!
4.Write down the results in the following table!
No Objects Mass ( gr ) Volume ( m3) Mass/Volume ( gr/m3)

1. First cube
2. Second cube
3. Stone
f. Analysis
1. The ratio of object’s mass to its volume is defined….
2. Density of matter show ….
3. Everything have ……. density than the other.
VIII. Tasks
Exercise: Identifications of density concept
A. Practice on identifying density concept
1. Density depend on mass and volume.

C. true
D. false.
2. Volume is density multiply mass.

A. true
B. false.
3. Mass able to change and density is constant.

A. true
B. false.
4. One kg of air is compressed from 1 m3 to 0.5 m3. So, density increase.

A. true
B. false.
5. Density of stone is bigger than density of wood.

A. true
B. false.
X. Home Work
COMPETENCE TEST
D. Multiple Choice
1. If you heat a sample of gas, the density of the gas….
a. decrease c. impossible to tell
b. increase d. remains the same
2. Mass is equal to _?_, while volume is equal to _?_.

a. density / volume ; mass x density
b. density x volume ; mass x density
c. density / volume ; mass / density
d. density x volume ; mass / density
3. The density of water in SI units (International System of Units) is…

a. 1000 g/ml c. 1 kg/m3
3
b. 1 g/cm d. 1000 kg m3
4. If we use the units of grams (g.)for mass and cubic centimeters (cm3) for volume, then
the units for density will be …..
a. grams c. g-cm3
3
b. cm d. g/cm3
5. The mass of an object is 6 kg on earth. On the moon the mass would be…
a. 6 kg c. 1 kg
b. 0 kg d. 3 kg
6. The melting point of silver is a ….

a. chemical change c. Physical change
b. chemical properties d. Physical properties
7. A cube has a side of 5 cm. It has a mass of 250 grams. The density of the cube is…
a. 50 g/cm3 and will float in water
b. 2.0 g/cm3 and will float in water
c. 50 g/cm3 and will sink in water
d. 2.0 g/cm3 and will sink in water
8. A spring scale is used to measure the mass of an object on earth. The scale on earth
reads 60 grams. On the moon the scale would read.…
a. 60 grams c. 600 grams
b. 100 grams d. 10 grams
9. Liquid water is more dense than ice because …

a. A liquid H20 molecule has more mass than an ice H20 molecule.
b. A chemical change occurs when ice melts that causes the mass of water to
increase
c. When ice melts there is an increase in the amount of water molecules
d. there are a greater number of H20 molecules per unit of volume in liquid water
than ice.
10. Which of the following will cause the mass of a metal block to increase…
a. putting the block in the freezer
b. measuring the mass of the block on Jupiter
c. heating the block
d. None of the above
11. If the measuring glass is filled by same liquids. Which of the folowing statement is true
....
A B
a. Liquid in glass A is denser than B

b. Liquid in glass B is denser than A
c. Liquid in glass A is less dense than B
d. Liquid in glass A and B has same density
12. The density of mercury is 13,6 gram/cm3. Its means that ....
a. mass of 1 cm3 of mercury is 13,6 gram
b. mass of 13,6 cm3 of mercury is 1 gram
c. density of 1 cm3 of mercury is 13,6 gram
d. density of 13,6 cm3 of mercury is 1 gram
13. If the mass of the object is 8 gram. The density of the object is ....
a. 0,125 kg/m3
4 cm b. 1,25 kg/m3
c. 125 kg/m3
4 cm
4 cm d. 1250 kg/m3
14. The table below shows the density of some substances
Substance Density
(gram/cm3)
P 1,05
Q 0,85
R 0,97
S 1,4
Water 1
Which of the following substance will sink in water ....

a. P and Q c. Q and R
b. P and S d. P, Q, R and S
15. Mass an object is 4 gram and its volume is 20 cm3 . Density of the object is ....
a. 0,2 gram/cm3 c. 5 gram/cm3
3
b. 2 gram/cm d. 80 gram/cm3
16. Look at the picture bellow.
a. Liquid Z is the densest

b. Liquid Y is less dense than liquid X
c. Liquid X is denser than liquid Z
d. Liquid Z is less dense than liquid Y
17. The density of cork is 0.25 g cm-3. This means that the
a. mass of 1 cm3 of cork is 0.25 g
b. mass of 0.25 cm3 of cork is 1 g
c. density of 1 cm3 cork is 0.25 g
d. density of 0.25 cm3 cork is 0.25
18. The mass of an object is 20 g and its density is 4 g cm-3. The volume is …
a. 4 cm3 c. 8 cm3
b. 5 cm3 d. 20 cm3
19. Density of kerosene is is 0,8 gram/cm3. If the volume of kerosene is 400 cm3, the mass
of kerosene is ....
a. 32 gram c. 320 gram
b. 50 gram d. 500 gram
20. Mass an object is 4 gram and its volume is 20 cm3 . Density of the object is ....
a. 0,2 gram/cm3
b. 2 gram/cm3
c. 5 gram/cm3
d. 80 gram/cm3
E. ESSAY
6. What is definition of density?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Write down formula of density, notice, unit and it explanation .

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
8. If the mass of the object is 70 gram. Determine density of the object.
4 cm
10 cm 7 cm
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
9. A block of gold has length 3 cm, width 2 cm and height of 1 cm. The mass of golden block is
115,8 gr. Calculate the density of the golden block in SI.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
10. A piece of aluminum the density of which is 2.7 gr/ cm3. What is the volume of 450 gr of the
aluminum ?.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

EXPANSION
Competence of Standard
8. Understand the form and change of matter
Basic Competence
8.3. Do experiment about the application of thermal expansion in daily life
Indicators
8. Student able to observe expansion process in solid, liquid, and gas
9. Student able to make simple experiment plan to show solid and liquid expansion
10. Student able to observe the difference in volume expansion of various liquids
11. Student able to do show expansion principle in technology such as bimetal, installation metal
in wheels, and installation of windows glass
Science Words
12. Expansion : Bertambah besarnya ukuran suatu benda karena kenaikan suhu
yang terjadi pada benda tersebut
13. Musschenbroek : Alat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan adanya pemuaian pada
zat padat
14. Expansion coefficient of length ( ) : Bilangan yang menyatakan pertambahan panjang
tiap satuan panjang benda padat jika suhu naik 1 C
15. Expansion coefficient of area ( ) : Bilangan yang menyatakan pertambahan luas tiap
satuan luas benda padat jika suhu naik 1 C
16. Expansion coefficient of volume ( ): Bilangan yang menyatakan pertambahan volume
zat tiap satu satuan volume zat itu jika suhunya naik 1 C
17. Anomaly of water : Sifat keanehan yang dimiliki oleh air
18. Dilatometer : Alat yang digunakan untuk membuktikan adanya pemuaian
volume pada zat cair atau gas
19. Bimetal : Dua keping logam yang angka muainya berbeda dan dilekatkan
menjadi satu
V. Objective
Student able to understand of thermal expansion in daily life
VI. Theory
Almost all matters expand when heated. Some substances such as bismuth and water at a
certain temperature region contract when heated. In general, there are three possibilities that occur
when a substance is heated, the temperature raises, expands, and changes its form.
Expansion can be interpreted as increasing size of an object due to be heated. In this case the
mass is not increased. There are 3 kinds of expansion which will be discussed,
1. Expansion of solids
2. Liquid expansion
3. Gas expansion
1. EXPANSION OF SOLID
Solids when heated will have a length expansion,
area expansion and volume expansion. Measuring
instrument to prove the existence of a length
expansion of solids called Musschenbroek (picture
beside).
Discuss with your friends about this instrument
working!
A. Length Expansion
Each substance has a number of expansions (expansion coefficient) of different length
depending on the species. According to the experiment, the added length on the solid after
heating is influenced by
1. Initial length
2. The temperature rise
3. Expansion coefficient of length
Number for the length expansion (expansion coefficient of length) of a substance is a number
that indicates the length accretion of solids when the temperature rises 1 C
t11 0 = length of heated solids before
00
t22 t = length of the solids after heating

tt
0 = initial length (m or cm)

Length Accretion
t1 = initial temperature ( C)
t2 = final temperature after heating ( C)
Final Length after heating t = temperature rise ( C)
= expansion coefficient of length (/ C)
t = length of substance after heating (m or cm)
= change of length (m or cm)
Length Expansion coefficient rate length table of several types of solid

Materials Length expansion coefficient (…/ C)
tin 0.000030
aluminum 0.000026
silver 0.000020
brass 0.000018
copper 0.000017
iron 0.000012
steel 0.000011
pyrex glass 0.000003
B. AREA EXPANSION OF SOLID

Plane-shaped object will have area expansion (expansion of length and width) after heated.
Accretion of area is influenced by:
1. Initial area
3. Expansion coefficient of area
Expansion coefficient of solid area is a number that shows the area accretion of solids when
the temperature raises 10 C
Area Accretion
At
A0
Final Area After heating
After heated
t1
t2
A0 = initial area (m2 or cm2)
A = area accretion (m2 or cm2)
At = final area after heating (m2 or cm2)
= expansion coefficient of area (…/ )
C. VOLUME EXPANSION
Basically, every substance if they are heated will have expanded in space or volume.
Increasing volume of the substance after heating is influenced by
1. Initial volume
3. Coefficient of volume expansion
Coefficient for the volume expansion is a number that indicates added volume of material
when the temperature raises 1 .
Applicable Equation 3 3
V0 = initial area (m or cm )
3 3
= volume accretion (m or cm )
Final Volume after heating 3 3
Vt = final area after heating (m or cm )
…/ )
Special for solid
Note:
Substance volume expansion equation above apply to solids, liquids, and gases
2. LIQUID EXPANSION
Liquid volume expansion only happen when it is heated. Instrument to investigate the volume
expansion of the different types of liquids is called Dilatometer.
Expansion coefficient of volume of several types of liquid
Type of Materials Expansion coefficient of volume
(…/ )
Kerosene 0.0012
Alcohol 0.0011
Paraffin oil 0.0009
Glycerin 0.0005
Mercury 0.0002
Discuss with your friend how the Dilatometer time to
investigate the fluid volume expansion.
ANOMALY OF WATER
Anomaly of water means water weirdness. Water becomes a bit strange because when it is
heated from the temperature from 0 to 4 , the volume is actually shrinking (generally a
substance when heated will expand). Conversely, if the water is frozen from 4 to 0 , the
volume is actually larger (generally a substance when frozen will shrink)
Conclusion:
When the temperature of water is 4 oC, the volume of water is smallest but it has greatest
density.
Graph of volume to temperature Graph of temperature to density
3. GAS EXPANSION
The air or gas has variety of expansion. We will study the gases as they undergo the volume
expansion. Instrument which we use to show the existence of gas expansion is Dilatometer.
1. Pumpkin glass dilatometer, we hold with our both
hands
2. We put empty dilatometer in the water in glass pan
upside down
3. After we wait for a while, in the water there are air
bubbles. Why are there air bubbles? Discuss with
your friends.
According to research, it is known that the rate of volume expansion for each type of gas that is
equal, the value is (L. Gay - Lussac). So the value of
From equation
where then
and Vt = Vo+ V
The example of gas expansion in the daily life is a bicycle tire or balloon will blow out when they
are in the hot sunlight for a long time.
Some examples of the use of expansion in the daily life
1. Bimetallic making process
2. Making thermometer
3. Heat-resistant glass making
4. Installation of window glass
5. Installation of train wheels
6. Installation of steel bridges
7. Installation of railway
8. Installation of telephone or electric cables
BIMETAL
Bimetal is a combination of two types of metals that have different expansion coefficient rate.
The characteristics of bimetal are :
1. If it is heated, it will bend (curve) towards to the metal which has small length expansion
2. If it is cooled, it will bend (curve) towards to the metal which has bigger length expansion
Bimetallic above is made of metal a and metal b where metal a has small expansion coefficient
and metal b has greater expansion coefficient
a
b
b a
After heated
PROBLEMS
1. Aluminum wire 20 cm long is heated from 15 C to 165 C temperature. If the expansion
coefficient rate in length 0.0000026 / C. Find
a. Added length
b. The length of aluminum after heating
D1
D2 a. = ……….?
b. = ………..?
Answer
a.
b.
2. A bottle of liquid volume is 2.5 liter is heated from the temperature of 10 C to 110 C. if the
liquid volume expansion coefficient rate is 0.0006 / C set
a. Added volume
b. The volume of liquid after heating
D1 Vo = 2.5 liter
D2 a. ……. ?
b. Vt = ……..?
Answer:
a.
b. Vt = Vo +
Vt = 2.5 liter + 0.15 liter
Vt = 2.65 liter
3. A number of gas in the tube 540 cm3 of volume is heated from 20 untill temperature to 65.5 .
Find
a. Added volume
b. Final volume after warming
D1 Vo = 540 cm3
D2 a. ……. ?
b. Vt = ……..?
Answer
a.
b. Vt = Vo +
Vt = 50 cm3 + 90 cm3
Vt = 140 cm3
VII. Activity
A. Materials and tools
Solid Expansion
a. 1 set Muschenbroek device
b. 3 metal bars ( aluminium, copper, and iron )
c. Match
d. Methanol
Liquid Expansion
a. Water
b. Oil
c. Methanol
d. 3 Dilatometers
e. Water-container
f. Warm water
B. Procedure
Solid Expansion
a. Prepare 1 set Muschenbroek device, 3 metal bars (aluminium, copper, and iron),
match, and methanol.
b. Arrange
Muschenbroek device like the figure! Set the pointer at the same high.
c. Flare up the methanol with match, then wait for a moment.
d. Observe the pointer, then make a report of your experiment result!
- What is the purpose of activity above?
- Mention 4 main material of the activity!
- Write the high of pointer serially from lowest until highest according to the name of
metal!
1. Competence Examination
a. What is the useness of Muschenbroek device?
b. In activity above, what metal which the length expansion is:
- the biggest? What its proof?
- the smallest? What its proof?
c. Explain the definition of length expansion coefficient of substance?
d. What factors affect the length expansion of solid?
e. 25 cm iron is heated from 10°C until 210°C. If expansion length coefficient of iron is
0.000012 /°C. Determine:
- increasing of length
- length of iron after being heated
Liquid Expansion
a. Prepare the materials: water, oil, methanol, 3 dilatometers, water-container, and
warm water.
b. Fill the three of dilatometers with water, oil, methanol at the some high in its pipe
scale.
c. Put the dilatometers in water container in the same time.
(look at the figure below)
warm water
1. Water 2. Methanol 3. oil
d. Observe the liquid inside dilatometers, then make a report based on your activity!
- What is the purpose of your activity above?
- Mention 4 main materials in activity above!
- Write the arrangement of liquid which reachs the top of pipe from the fastest until
slowest!
1. Competence Examination
a. What is the useness of dilatometer?
b. In activity above, what liquid which volume expansion is:
- the biggest? What its proof?
- the smallest? What its proof?
c. What factors affect the volume expansion of substance?
d. 250 cm3alcohol is heated from 20°C until 60°C. If the length expansion coefficient of
alcohol is 0.0012 /°C. Determine:
- increasing of volume!
- alcohol volume after being heated!
SHEET OF ACTIVITY RESULT
Members of group:
1. …………………………….
2. …………………………….
3. …………………………….
4. …………………………….
Direction:
1. Do in group
2. Pay attention for scoring model
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Student’s Teacher
No Scored aspects Maximal score
score signature
1 Completion of apparatus 10
2 Punctuality of work 10
3 Work safety 10
4 Process and report of work 40
5 Correctness of answering competence 30

examination
Total score 100
IX. Task
Do in group
Take a look at the picture of Mushenbroek or Dilatometer device again. By seeing and
knowing the working of the device, construct a similar tool. Before you construct the
device, draw schematics of the device. Discuss it with your teacher whether or not the
project can be done. If your teacher agrees, start constructing it with friends. If the project
is already finished, test the device. Can it function properly? If your result is good enough,
ask the school to use it in your school’s laboratory. Happy working, may your task be
successful.
X. Home Work
COMPETENCE EXAMINATION 8
I. Choose one of a, b, c, or d on the right answer!

1. If a substance is heated, which one that has possibility of UNCHANGEABLE is . . . .
a. size
b. mass
c. volume
d. weight
2. The number states length increase of every length unit of substance if the temperature is
Increased from 0º C until 1º C is called ….
a. length expansion
b. volume expansion
c. coefficient of length expansion
d. coefficient of volume expansion
3. Among the following materials, the one which has the largest volume change of heated
at the same temperature is ….
a. aluminium
b. platinum
c. copper
d. steel
4. Reaction tube is made of Pyrex glass because ….
a. it has small coefficient of expansion
b. it has large coefficient of expansion
c. can endure changes of temperature
d. its surface is shiny
5. Musschenbroek device is used to show the expansion of . . . .
a. liquid volume
b. gas pressure
c. solid length
d. temperature of object
6. Length expansion coefficient of solid depend on . . . .
a. kind of substance material
b. initial temperature
c. shape and size
d. initial length
7. Liquid which is easy to expand is ….
a. gasoline, because its boiling point is low
b. water, because its boiling point is low
c. alcohol, because its boiling point is low
c. mercury, because its boiling point is very height
8. If there is temperature change, the liquid substance which volume has the largest
expansion is ….
a. water
b. alcohol
c. mercury
d. kerosene
9. One of the matters below which has volume expansion coefficient /°C, is . . . .
a. aluminium
b. hydrogen
c. alcohol
d. copper
10. Hot resistant glass which caused temperature change made from material . . . .
a. thick and dark
b. thin and trasparent
c. expansion coefficient is big
d. expansion coefficient is small
11.
Liquid Volume expansion coefficient
A 0.00019 /°C
B 0.00020 /°C
C 0.00022 /°C
D 0.00017 /°C
Based on data table, arrangement of volume expansion coefficient of liquid from the biggest until
smallest, are . . . .
a. D – A – B – C
b. C – B – A –D
c. C – A – B – D
d. D – B – A – C
12. Look at the picture below.
warm water
From observations, level of liquid 2 in the glass tube is the highest, followed by
levels of liquid 3 and liquid 1. The following is true for liquids 1, 2 and 3 is ....
1 2 3
a. Oil Alcohol Water
b. Water Alcohol Oil
c. Alcohol Oil Water
d. Oil Water Alcohol
13.The phenomenon which does not show that gas expands if it is heated . . . .
a. indoor without AC, the body feels hot
b. balloons explode in the field
c. kites is flying high because of wind
d. tire of wheel explodes when heated for along time
14.One of the benefit of expansion according to phenomenon below is . . . .
a. setting window frame
b. making ventilation on the door
c. setting curtain behind the window
d. measuring human body’s temperature
15.Space that given in the connection of rail-tracks is having purpose . . . .
a. to break rail-track vibration
b. to prevent length vibration
c. to prevent bending of rail-track
d. to impede train running
16.
Pay attention for the graph!

Based on the graph of water expansion above, so . . . .
a. smallest water volume when temperature 4°C
b. smallest density when temperature 4°C
c. water will expand if it is heated from 0°C - 4°C
d. water will reduce when it is fro zed from 4°C - 0°C
17.Dilatometer is used to measure . . . .
a. volume expansion of gas
b. volume expansion of solid
c. length expansion of metal
d. pressure expansion of substance
18. Two different metals with different its coefficient of expansion which are riveted become
one is called ….
a. mixture
b. compound
c. aliage
d. bimetal
19. The benefits of expansion are the following, except ….
a. the release of bottle cap
b. bimetal automatic switch
c. gap couple at train rail
d. bimetal thermometer
20. The following device which uses the principle of an incubator is ….
a. a thermal electric switch
b. a bimetal thermometer
c. a bimetal thermostat
d. a turn signal in cars
21. Hot water makes the metal stopper easier to open because ….
a. the metal stopper expands when it is exposed to hot water
b. the bottle that is made from glass expands when it is exposed to hot water
c. the expansion of glass bottle is higher than of the metal stopper
d. the expansion of glass bottle is lower than that of the metal stopper
22. The following are the solution for expansion problem, except ….
a. the making of gap at the end of bridge
b. the making of bimetal chipping at automatic switch
c. the making of window glass measure which is smaller than its frame
d. the making of gap at train rail
23. Bimetal is used in ….
a. railway c. bicycle’s dynamo
b. neon light bulb d. automatic switches
24. At temperature of 20 ºC a brass bar has length of 200 cm. The additional length of the
brass if temperature is risen to 100 ºC ( = 0.0000191 / ºC ) is ….
a. 0.3056 cm c. 1.3506 cm
b. 1.3056 cm d. 1.3560 cm
25. Gas volume at temperature of 13.5 °C is 20 litres. If the gas is heated in constant
pressure, the volume of the gas when its temperature is 150 ºC is ….
a. 14.64 litres c. 27.30 litres
b. 20.73 litres d. 30.00 litres
Essay
1. explain about anomaly of water! Make a graph!
Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. Mention the factors which influence volume expansion of substance after being heated!
Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
3. Mention 5 benefit of expansion!
Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………......................
4.
x y
The figure above is a bimetal which has heated. If a = length expansion coefficient x and
b = length expansion coefficient y, so the conclusion about a and b is ……………………
5. 50 cm aluminium is heated from 18°C until 168°C. If length expansion coefficient of aluminium
is 0.000026 /°C. Determine:
a. Length expansion of matter
b. Length aluminium after heating
Answer:
a. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………

HEAT
Applying concepts of matter and heat in solving everyday life problems.

To describe the role of heat in changing the state and temperature of a matter; and identify its
application in everyday life.
III. Indicators
1. To investigate the influences of heat on the changes of the temperature of a matter.
2. To investigate the influences of heat on the changes of the state of a matter.
3. To investigate the influences of heat on the transfer oh heat.
IV. Science Word

1. thermal energy 6. freezing
2. heat 7. evaporation
3. calorie 8. condensation
4. specific heat capacity 9. sublimation
5. melting 10. heat of vapour
V. Objective
Student able to investigate the influences of heat on the changes of the temperature
of a matter and the transfer of heat.
VI. Theory
Heat energy is the total energy of particles composing a matter. At the same temperature, a
matter with more mass will have higher heat energy too. A larger iron has more mass. This iron has
higher heat energy although its temperature is the same as that of a smaller iron.
Heat is measured in unit of calorie. One calorie is the amount of the heat required to raise the
temperature of 1oC of 1 gram of water. But the SI unit of heat is joule. One calorie is equal to 4.184
joule, and it is frequently rounded up to 4.2 joule.
A different substance needs different amount of heat to cause the same change of
temperature. The amount of heat needed by 1 kilogram of substance to increase its temperature up
to 1 Kelvin is called specific heat capacity. Each substance has different specific heat capacity.
The unit of specific heat capacity is joule per kilogram per kelvin [J/(kg.K)], or joule per kilogram
per celsius degree [J/(kg.oC)].
Tabel Specific heat capacity of some substances.

Specific Heat Capacity of Some Substances [J/(kg.K)]
Water 4,184 Sand 664

Alcohol 2,450 Iron 450
Aluminum 920 Copper 380
Carbon (graphite) 710 Silver 235
Base on the data of table above, water is difficulty to change it temperature and silver is easier to
change it temperature.
A difference of change of temperature at the same substances needs amount of heat energy
is different. At the same matters and mass, a matter with more increase of temperature will have
higher heat energy than small increase of temperature.
The formula of the change of heat is mass x specific heat capacity x change of temperature
Q = mxcxDt
VII. Activities
FIRST ACTIVITY:
a. Apparatus and tools

1. 2 beker glasses 4. stopwatch
2. 2 thermometers 5. measuring cylinder
3. heater set 6. water
b. Procedure
1. Prepare water, 2 glasses, a thermometer, and a measuring glass.
2. Pour 100 mL of water into the first glass, and 50 mL of water into the second glass.
4. Heating the water in each glass.
5. Measure the temperature of water with thermometer in each glass every ½ minutes
for 3 minutes. Write down the result of your measurement in the table.
6. Base on this data, make the line graph!
c. ata and Graph

Time Temperature of 100 mL of Temperature of 100 ml of
water palm oil
(minutes)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
o
C
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 minutes
d. Analysis
Why the temperature of water of 50 mL more fast to increase than the temperature of
water of 100 mL?
SECON ACTIVITY:

1. 2 beker glasses 4. stopwatch
2. 2 thermometers 5. water and palm oil
3. heater set 6. measuring cylinder
b. Procedure
1. Prepare water, palm oil, 2 glasses, a thermometer, and a measuring glass.
2. Pour 100 mL of water into the first glass, and 100 mL of palm oil into the second
glass.
3. Heating water and palm in each glass.
4. Measure the temperature of water and palm oil with thermometer in each glass
every ½ minutes for 3 minutes. Write down the result of your measurement in the
table.
c. ata and Graph
Time Temperature of 100 mL of Temperature of 100 ml of

water ( oC ) palm oil ( oC )
(minutes)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
o
C
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 minutes
d. Analysis
\Why the temperature of palm oil more fast to increase than the temperature of
water ?
THIRD ACTIVITY:

1. beker glasses 4. stopwatch
1. thermometers 5. water
3. heater set 6. measuring cylinder
b. Procedure
1. Prepare water, 2 glasses, a thermometer, and a measuring glass.
2. Pour 100 mL of water into the first and second glasses.
3. Heating both the glass contain waters so temperature in first glass increase 10
o
C and second glass temperature increase 20 oC.
4. Measure the time are used to increase their temperature of each water in the
glass. Write down the result of your measurement in the table.
5. Base on this data, make the bar graph!
c. Data and Graph

The The time to increase The time to increase
temperature of water temperature of water
temperature
in first glass in second glass
Temperature increasing (second) (second)
to t
10 oC
20 oC
second
0 10 oC 20 oC increasing temperature
d. Analysis:
Why the times are used to increasing of temperature for 20 oC more long time than 10 oC
?
Conclusion: The amount of heat energy is used to increase the temperature are influenced
by: 1. ……………………………………………………..
2. ……………………………………………………..
3. ……………………………………………………..
Exercise :
1. Calculate the heat received by 230 g of water that is heated from 12 oC to 90 oC.
Hint: Will the value of Q be positive or negative?
2. A substance with the mass of 45 kg needs heat of 180,480 J for increase its temperature from 28
oC to 40 oC. Determineits specific heat capacity?
Hint: What information do you get?
E.
F. Heat and Change of State
The heat energy can make change the temperature of matter and the state of matter.
When the matter absorb the heat so it temperature will increase and release the heat so it
temperature will decrease. When the temperature of matter change so it state not change.
When the state of matter change so it temperature not change.
Below are the kinds of changing of state :
No Change of state Energy addition Energy removed

1 Melt Solid to liquid V
2 Freezing Liquid to solid V
3 Evaporate Liquid to gas V
4 Condensation Gas to liquid V
5 Sublimation Solid to gas V
6 Disposition Gas to solid V
When heat is applied to a liquid, the atoms start to vibrate more and at a temperature
called the boiling point, the atoms start to break out of the liquid (evaporate) and becomes
a gas.
The relations between temperature, added and released heat, and the movement of
the particles are shown.
E. As soon as the boiling point has been

increased, liquid changes into gas and its
temperature stays the same. To change liquid
into gas, it needs energy to break the atrracting o
C D
force until it is free. This kind of energy is called
heat of vapour. It needs energy of 2260 kJ. Why
do you think this value is higher than the melting
heat ?
C
C. As soon as the process is over, the added
heat energy makes the particles of water move
faster. As you can see in the graph, the tem-
perature of water starts increasing.
B. If the heat is continuously given, you will see
that the ice changes into water, but its tempera-
ture does not increase. To change the solid into
liquid, heat is added to reduce the attracting force B
among those particles so that they move further
apart. This kind of heat is called heat of fusion.
For every kilogram of ice, you should give 334 kJ A
of heat energy to it in order to change into water.
A. When ice is heated and its temperature is
measured every 30 seconds, its particles absorb joule
heat. What is the influence of this energy on the
movement of those particles?
The temperature when a matter is starting to melt is called melting point. The temperature
when a matter is starting to freeze is called freezing point. Melting point is the same as freezing
point. The amount of heat absorbed by every 1 kg of matter to melt at its melting point is called heat
of fusion. The amount of heat released by 1 kg of matter for freezing at its freezing point is called
heat of fusion.
The amount of heat absorbed by a matter when it melts and the amount of heat released by
a matter when it freezes can be calculated using the following equation.
Q=mxL
where Q = the heat absorbed or released (J), m = the mass of matter (kg), L = heat fusion or
freezing heat (J kg-1)
The temperature of liquid when it boils is called boiling point. The gas temperature when it
condenses is called condensation point. The amount of heat absorbed by 1 kg of matter to
vaporize at its boiling point is called heat of vapour. The amount of heat released by 1 kg of matter
to condense at its condensation point is called heat of vapour.
Latent heat means hidden heat; it means it is used to change the form of matter.
The amount of heat absorbed by a matter for evaporation and the amount of heat released
by a matter for condensation can be calculated by using the following equation.
Q=mxU
Where: Q = the heat absorbed or released (J), m = mass of matter (kg), U = vaporing heat or
condensation heat (J kg-1)
When the ice melts and the water boils, the temperature does not increase although the heat
is continuously given. The heat that is given by the fire is not used to increase the temperature, but it
is used for changing the form of matter from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas. The influence of the
heat itself is invisible. Instead, it is received in hidden way by the matter. Therefore, the heat used to
change the form of matter is called latent heat (“latent” means hidden”).
VII. Activities

1. glass 3. cube ice
2. thermometers 4. heater set
b. Procedure
1. Prepare cube ice, glass, a thermometer, and heater set.
2. Put the cube ice into the glass.
3. Measure temperature of cube ice and fill in the data’s table ( tA ).
4. Measure temperature of water when the cube start to melt ( tB ).
5. Measure temperature of water when all of the cube ice finishes melting ( tC ).
7. Measure the temperature of water when the water boil ( tD )
c. Data and Graph

Number Process of heating Temperature oC
A Temperature of cube ice before melt ( tA )
B Temperature of water when start to melt ( tB )
C Temperature of water when the cube ice
finishes melt ( tC )
D temperature of water when the water boil ( tD )
o
C
Second
d. Analysis
\Why the temperature of boiling water not increase again although heating
continuously?
VI. Theory
HEAT TRANSFER
Heat transfer is the transition of thermal energy from a

hotter object to a cooler object. There are three processes of
heat transfer, namely conduction, convection and radiation.
Conduction
Conduction is the process whereby heat is transferred
in a solid. The atoms closest to the heat source absorb the
energy first. As heat flows along an object, the energy of the
vibrating atoms is passed onto nearby atoms casing them to
vibrate, until the whole substance is hot.
Thermal conduction is the transfer of internal energy from particle to particle in matter.
Metals are good thermal conductors. They contain a ‘sea’ of free-moving electrons that are able
to transfer heat quickly from one point to another.
Non-metals are very poor conductors of heat and are used for thermal insulation. Insulators are
used to prevent heat from traveling such as for the handles of pans
Convection
Convection is the movement of heat through a liquid or through a gas.
During the day the temperature of the land
increases more quickly than that of the sea,
because the heat capacity of the land is much
smaller than that of sea water. The hot air above
the land rises and is replaced by colder air from
the sea. A breeze from the sea results as shown
in the figure.
At night the opposite happens. The sea has

more heat to lose and cools more slowly. The
air above the sea is warmer than that over the
land and a breeze blows from the land.
Radiation
Radiation is the flow of heat

from one place to another by
means of electromagnetic waves.
Radiation can occur in a vacuum,
where particles of matter are not
involved. Radiation is the way heat
reaches us from the Sun.
Radiation has all the
properties of electromagnetic
waves, it travels at the speed of
radio waves. When it falls on
object, it is partly reflected, partly
transmitted and partly absorbed.
The absorbed part rises the
temperature of the object as
shown in figure
VII. Activitie
CONDUCTION:
1. Observing thermal conductivity of different metals
d. Apparatus and tools

1. 4 metal bars iron, aluminum, brass and copper
2. A burner
3. 4 candles
b. Procedure
1. Set up the experiment as shown
in the figure on the left.
2. Put candles at one end of each
metal bar
3. Put all metal bars on the top of
tripod
4. Put a burner under metal bars
5. Observe which candle on the
metal bar will melt first
c. Data
Write the order of metals according to the order of which candle melt first.
First :
Second :
Third :
Fourth :
d. Analysis
2. Water conduction
1. Liquids and gases conduct heat but very

slowly. Very little heat is transferred
through water by conduction.
2. When the water at the bottom of a test-
tube is heated warm water rises by
convection and melts an ice cube on the
surface.
3. When water at the top of a test-tube is
heated it boils before sufficient heat is
conducted through the water to melt the
ice cube at the bottom of the test tube
Note : I ice l very little heat transfered

j boiling water m gauze
k heat transfered by convection n steam
Analysis :
2. CONVECTION
a. Smoke Transference
The air above the candle expands and

rises up the chimney to the left. This air is
replaced by cooler air passing down the
other chimney, drawing smoke down
from the smouldering paper. The
movement of air is seen by introducing
smoke to the box.
Analysis :
Note : k smoke
l glass chimneys
m box
n smouldering paper
o glass window
p lighted candle
e. Water Circulation
Observe this experiment!
1. Potassium permanganate
dissolves in water to give an
intense purple solution.
2. Heating the water immediately

surrounding the potassium
permanganate crystals causes
it to expand and become less
dense. The purple-coloured
water rises and is replaced by
cooler colorless water
Analysis :
9. Radiation : Differential Thermometer
The bulb painted matt black

absorbs heat radiation more
quickly. The air in this bulb
expands more quickly causing a
greater pressure in that side of
the U tube.
Analysis :
Task :
The figure on the right shows the

diagram of vacuum flask. Explain the
procedure of it!
Note : q insulator stopper

r double-walled glass vessel
s vacuum
t silvering facing the vacuum
u hot liquid
EXERCISE
I. Answer the following questions in your notebook.
1. How many heats are needed to change 1 gram of ice at – 30°C into steam at 120°C?
(skor15)
cice = 2100 J/kg°°C Lfice = 336.000 J/kg

cwater = 4200 J/kg°°C Lvwater = 2.270.000 J/kg
cstaem = 2010 J/kg°°C
2. Based on the problem no.1, determine how many heats are needed to change 50°C of
water into steam at 110°C ! (skor10)
3. An iron bar has 200 grams of mass, is cooled from 75°C until 25°C. If the specific heat
capacity of iron is 0,11 kcal/kg°°C, determine how many heats are released from this
process ! (skor5)
4. How many heats are needed to change 1 gram of ice at – 30°C into steam at 120°C?
(skor15)
cice = 2100 J/kg°°C Lfice = 336.000 J/kg
cwater = 4200 J/kg°°C Lvwater = 2.270.000 J/kg
cstaem = 2010 J/kg°°C
5. Based on the problem no.1, determine how many heats are needed to change 50°C of
water into steam at 110°C ! (skor10)
II. Choose a word or phrase to complete the following sentence.
1. The state of matter that has unchanged volume and shape is ....
a. gas c. solid
b. liquid d. solid and liquid
2. The particles of . . . . are separated from the others.

a. gas c. solid
b. liquid d. amorph
3. Generally, when solid is heated, it will . . . .

a. turn to gas c. contract
b. condense d. expand
4. A piece of iron has 2 kg of mass and 20 oC of temperature. The specific heat capacity of iron
is 450 J/kg.K. The heat that needed to change its temperature until 30 oC is….
a. 9,000 J c. 27,000 J
b. 18,000 J d. 45,000 J
5. The water with 2 kg of mass has 25 oC of temperature. The specific heat capacity of the
water is 4,200 J/kg.K. The heat of 67,200 joule was given to the water. Its final temperature
is….
a. 8 oC c. 33 oC
o
b. 17 C d. 40 oC
6. The amount of ice is heated up. The graph of its temperature again the heat is showing by
the figure below.
Temperature (oC)
S
100
R
Q
0 Heat (J)
P
-5
The correct statement is….
a. the processes that have changing temperature are P, Q and R
b. the ice is changing becomes water at S
c. the changing of temperature is not happen at Q and S
d. the heat is needed only at Q and S
7. Study the graph below.
Temperature (oC)
10
0 6.72 7.56 Heat ( x 104 joule)
The ice with 0.2 kg of mass is heating. The graph above shows the relation between
temperature and the heat that needed at the whole process. The melting heat of ice is ….
a. 2,100 J/kg.K c. 336,000 J/kg
b. 4,200 J/kg.K d. 442,000 J/kg
8. The vapouring heat of water is 2.27 x106 J/ kg and its specific heat capacity is 4.2 x 103
J/kg.K. The heat that needed to vaporizing 2 kg of water is….
a. 4.2 x103 J c. 2.27 x106 J
3
b. 8.4 x10 J d. 4.54 x106 J
9. A glass of water when taking into a refrigerator will become ice. The change of matter of that
phenomenon called…
a. freezing c, evaporation
b. melting d. sublimation
10. Satria make a glass of tea. He twists

the hot tea at the glass by using a
spoon. After few moments his hand
feels hot, because the heat was flows
from the hot tea through the spoon.
The kind of heat transfer at the spoon
is….
a. convection
b. radiation
c. conduction
d. conduction and radiation
11. Suppose you use a flame to add a certain quantity of heat to 1 liter of water and raise the
water’s temperature by 2º C. If you add the same quantity of heat to 2 liters of water, by
how much will its temperature rise?
a. 0.5 oC c. 2 oC
o
b. 1 C d. 4 oC
12. How much heat to raise 1000 g of water 15 ºC ?

a. 150 calories c. 1.5 kilocalories
b. 1500 calories d. 15 kilocalories
13. Which is not used to calculate the change of heat energy?
a. mass c. specific heat capacity
b. volume d. temperature change
14. If the temperature of 200 g of water is increased from 20oC to 100oC,

c = 1 kcal / kg °C, the heat energy required is …..
a. 4 kcal c. 20 kcal
b. 16 kcal d. 24 kcal
15. Heat flow by convection occurs at……

a. paper c. plastic
b. water d. Aluminum
16. When ice melts to be water , then ….

a. the temperature rises c. heat is absorbed
b. the temperature decreases d. heat is released
17. The changes of matter phase which release heat in the figure below are ….
4 3
Solid liquid gas
2 1
a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3 c. 3 and 4 d. 1 and 4
18. When the ice melted into the water, the heat energy used to …..
a. the particles move faster
b. move up the temperature of water
c. to reduce the attracting force, the particles can move slowly
d. to breaking the attracting force, the particles can free
19. If two bodies the temperature of which are different are connected, then ….
a. heat flows from the lower temperature body to the higher
b. heat flows from the higher temperature body to the lower
c. the lower temperature body releases heat
d. the higher temperature body its temperature increases
20. Look at the table of specific heat capacity of some objects:

Water : 4,200 j/kg.K Mercury : 140 j/kg.K
Iron : 450 j/kg.K Carbon : 710 j/kg.K
Copper : 380 j/kg.K Alcohol : 2,450 j/kg.K
Below is the object pair’s that easy to hot and cool is …..
a. iron and carbon c. water and alcohol
b. mercury and copper d. copper and carbon
21. A bar of iron has mass of 0.2 kg and specific heat is 450 J/kg oC. If its temperature
decreases from 75 oC to be 25 oC, the amount of heat released is ….
a. 4,500 joule c. 2,250 joule
b. 6,750 joule d. 9,000 joule
21. What is the amount of heat required to melt 5 kg of ice of temperature 0 oC until become
water of temperature 7 oC ? ( Cwater = 1 cal/gr oC nd Lice = 80 cal/gr)
a. 35 kcal b. 175 kcal c. 210 kcal d. 435 kcal
22. The change of state from liquid to be gas is called ….
a. condensing c. evaporation
b. freezing d. melting
23. Given that specific heat of water is 4,200 j/kg oC. If 8,400 Joule of heat is given into 5 kg of
water, the water temperature will increase of ….
a. 10 oC c. 20 oC
o
b. 30 C d. 40 oC
24. Heat transfer by convection happens in ….

a. liquids by flowing c. solids by flowing
b. gases by radition d. vacuum by radiation
25. Three kg of melting ice and two kg of boiling water are mixed together. The final
temperature is
a. 10° C b. 25° C c. 40° C d. 50° C

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CHANGE IN MATTER

II. Basic Competence

IV. Science Words

A. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Green leaf is one

5. Melting point & Boiling point

The separation of mixtures into its constituents in a pure state is an important

A solution which has as much solid dissolved in it as it can possibly contain, is

C. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGE

Some physical Change in Water

1. Substance changes in composition of the matter.

A chemical change produces a new substance. Examples of chemical changes include

D. THE NATURE OF CHEMICAL REACTION

A chemical reaction can be identified based on the change happening in the

(A plate containing seawater)

Exercise: Identifications of physical and chemical change

1. Aluminum has a low density.

2. Diamonds are capable of cutting glass.

3. Water can be separated by electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen.

4. Sugar is capable of dissolving in water.

5. Vinegar will react with baking soda.

B. Practice on identifying Chemical and Physical change

1. Breaking water up by separating it into hydrogen and oxygen is an example of a ...

2. Melting and boiling causes a ...

3. A change in size or shape is a ...

4. The fact that sugar is white is a ...

5. Iron rusts when exposed to air. This is a ...

1. The changes of solid to be liquid is named ….

17. Dyes in water soluble markers may be separated by means of …

18. Breaking water up by separating it into hydrogen and oxygen is an example of a …

2Fe(s) + 3Cl2(g) ® 2FeCl3(s)

25. Which form of energy is released or absorbed in most chemical reactions?

2. Mention 5 examples of physical and chemical properties.

5. Explain what are characteristics of chemical reaction

Parents Signature Score Teacher Signature

II. BASIC COMPETENCE

IV. SCIENCE WORDS

Indicator Water Vinegar Chloride acid Salt solution

Red litmus ................ ................ ................ .............

Blue litmus ................ ................ ............... ..............

1. List three different definitions of Acids and bases.

2. What makes an acid strong or weak?

3. What makes a base strong?

4. List five strong acids.

6. A compound generates hydroxide ion (OH). When it dissolves in water called.…

8. To understand the state of matter and change it.

II. Basic competence :

1.To investigate the state change on a matter.

2.To describe the attraction force and particles move in matter.

3.Differentiate cohesion and adhesion through an observation.

4.To connect the capillarity in our daily live

IV. Science Words

- Cohesion : Kohesi -Concave miniscus : Miniskus cekung

- Convex miniscus : Miniskus cembung - Solid : Zat padat

- Liquid : Zat cair - Gas : gas

Solid Liquid Gas

• Does not flow easily. Flows easily. • Flows easily

• Movement of perticles is • can move freely • can move freely

• The force of attraction • The force of attraction • The force of attraction

A. Recognizing States of Matter

a. Materials and tools :

- Water - A measuring cylinder