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AN50475
Authors: Robin Chen
Jemmey Huang
Vincent Cai
Associated Project: Yes
Associated Part Family: CY8C22x45
Software Version: PSoC Designer™ 5.0
Associated Application Notes: None
Induction Cooker: Working Principle The major controls of the induction cooker include:
The induction cooker is a modern electric cooker that uses 1. IGBT Automatic Self Protection: Insulated-Gate Bipolar
the electromagnetic induction principle to heat vessels. The Transistor (IGBT) is the key component of the induction
induction cooker has a heatproof ceramic panel, which is cooker. IGBT works under high voltage and high power
used as the cooker plane. Through the electrified coil under conditions. However, considering the high cost and rigid
the plane, the AC current creates a magnetic field that parameters, IGBT is designed with several conditions.
induces a vortex in iron and stainless steel pan bottoms. Any of the following factors can destroy IGBT: excess
This heats the pan bottom quickly, and then conducts the voltage, instantaneous impingement generated when
heat to food. power is switched on or off, proliferated current, and
This section describes the working principle of the induction excess temperature. IGBT can be damaged even when
cooker. First, the AC current is converted into DC by a the iron pan is removed from the ceramic panel or if no
rectifier. Next, the DC current is converted into ultrasonic pan is placed on the panel. It is necessary to protect the
high frequency AC current by a high frequency electric IGBT from these factors.
power conversion device. By connecting the high frequency 2. Temperature Control in the Iron Pan Bottom: The heat
AC current to the flat, hollow, helical heating coil, a high in the iron pan bottom is directly transferred to the
frequency alternating magnetic field is generated. Under the ceramic panel. The ceramic panel is the heat
ceramic panel, the electrified coil creates a magnetic field conducting material, so thermal sensors are often fixed
that breaks through the panel and induces a vortex in the in the panel bottom to detect the temperature of the iron
iron pan bottom. This converts electric energy into heat pan bottom.
energy, while overcoming the internal impedance stream.
The generated joule heat is the heat source for cooking.
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3. Stable Power Control: The output power of the To reflect the change in digital blocks, the new digital block
induction cooker can be automatically regulated to for basic functions is renamed as DBC from DBB, and the
improve the adjustment of the power supply and load. communication block is renamed as DCC. The digital block
adds another data path to implement the enhanced features
4. User Interface Control: Collect the customer input from in DBC or DCC, such as synchronous triggering, kill function,
the CapSense button or slider, then decide the working and more. However, even if no enhanced feature is used in
mode and display it on relevant light emitting diode the user module, the digital block is fully compatible with the
(LED). existing PSoC product.
In this example, CY8C22x45 handles the input of eight Compared to CY8C21xxx, CY8C22x45 provides two
CapSense buttons. It is also responsible for the entire additional CT blocks for general purpose applications.
system control, including current, voltage and temperature These analog blocks can be configured as an enhanced
sampling, PWM generation for the MOSFET control, feature comparator with flexible input and output choices.
induction cooker power control, and system status display.
CY8C22x45 also provides a set of digital resources to
address the CapSense design. These resources are
CY8C22x45 Overview optimized for CSD implementation. With these resources,
CY8C22x45 is a product of the PSoC family. It is an the system clock resource VC1/VC2/VC3 and digital blocks
enhancement of CY8C21xxx PSoC family, and is targeted at are not needed to configure a CSD user module. The
applications that integrate both system control and CY8C22x45 also keeps a compatible configuration, which
CapSense control. CY8C22x45 is compatible with other helps the customer code migrate from CY8C21xxx. The new
PSoC device architecture, as shown in Figure 2. CSD user module in CY8C22x45 is capable of simultaneous
CY8C22x45 is a Mixed-Signal Array with On-Chip Controller scanning on dual CSD channel input to reduce the total
device. Each CY8C22x45 PSoC device includes eight digital scanning time in an application.
blocks and six analog blocks. Depending on the PSoC
package, CY8C22x45 provides up to 38 general purpose
IOs (GPIO), 16K flash memory, and a 1K SRAM data System Features
memory. Following other PSoC products, CY8C22x45 has In addition to the features that CY8C22x45 provides for
fixed function on-chip resources such as I2C, MAC, and CapSense control, the induction cooker design also contains
more. In addition, CY8C22x45 includes optimized modules the system control. It has common features that are found in
such as 10-bit SAR ADC, dedicated CSD digital logic, and existing products. The features are:
dedicated RTC.
Figure 2. CY8C22x45 Block Diagram
AC 220V/50 Hz Power Supply
Global Digital Interconnect
Global Analog Interconnect
Buzzer for Alarm
SRAM SROM Flash 16K
1K
CPU Core (M8C) Sleep and
Fan On/Off and PWM Control
Interrupt
Watchdog
Controller
Adjustable Fixed Temperature Cooking Mode that
Multiple Clock Sources Supports 60, 80, 100, 120, 140,160, 180, 200, 220,
(Includes IMO, ILO, PLL, and ECO) 240, and 260 C.
DIGITAL SYSTEM ANALOG SYSTEM Multilevel of Firepower Selection (200W, 400W, 600W
Digital Block Array 800W,1000W, 1200W, 1400W, 1600W and 1800W)
Analog Input Analog and Stable Power Control
DBC DBC DCC DCC Muxing Ref =
CSD Digital Resource Auto Power Off When Not Cooking on Pans
10-bit SAR
ADC
AC Over Voltage and Under Voltage Protection
AC Over Current Protection
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MUX 8-bit PWM
M8C Core
8-bit PWM
Dual-chanel SPI
I/O
12 Buttons 5V
There are two PCB boards in the design. They are LED Segments
LEDs
AC IGBT
IGBT
Driver
M8C needs to respond to only one interrupt for each
CapSense button scan.
Figure 5. Block Diagram of CSD2X
Vcc
CMP CMP
Over-Vol
Syn-Control
Pan NTC Over-Current
CMP
Temperature
Vcc
Vref Control
IGBT Block
NTC
Temperature
PWM Duty Ref
Driver
5v
GND
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
FAN
Board Connector
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When the user module runs, only one interrupt can happen In Equation 1, assuming the value of R is 47 kohm and the
at the end of the scan. This allows the CPU to release more value of C is 0.1 uf, then the circuit gets a cutoff frequency
MIPS, and allows multisource interrupts. The analog bus is at 33.9 Hz. This is because these signals change very
split into two separate sections: left analog bus and right slowly, especially the temperature signals of the pan and
analog bus. As a result, it can simultaneously support dual- IGBT. The parameters of this capacitive low-pass filter can
channel CSD scan. meet the system design requirement.
The dual-channel CSD user module consumes only CSD Board Connector Definition and Description
logic, two analog columns, left and right analog bus, and
The following table indicates the board connector definition
dual-channel IDAC. The following figure shows the
and description.
consumption.
Table 1. Board Connector Definition
Figure 6. Resource of CSD2X
Pin Type Description
1 Power Power Supply of 5V
2 Analog Input Temperature of Coil
3 Analog Input Temperature of IGBT
4 Analog Input Temperature of Pan
5 Digital Output PWM Output Signal for Power Control
6 Analog Input AC RSM Voltage
7 Analog Input AC Average Current
8 Digital Output PWM Output Enable Signal
9 Digital Output Fan Output
10 Digital Input Zero-crossing Signal of Resonance
IO Expansion by 74HC164 Circuit.
IO expansion is necessary in many home appliance 11 Ground Ground
applications. Typically, a serial-parallel converter logic chip,
such as 74HC164, is applied to the system for LED control.
74HCT164 are 8-bit edge-triggered shift registers with serial
data entry and output from each of the eight stages. As a
result, the system can consume less IOs than the solution
that drives the LED directly. The input signals of 74HCT164
are Data and Clock. This is in compliance with the SPI bus.
Refer the Appendix Board Schematics (Figure 11 and
Figure 12 on pages 8 and 9 respectively) for more
information.
Vin Vout
R C
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Protection Module
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PI Close Loop Control Algorithm The PWM output is the control signal of the main resonant
power. Through a low-pass filter in the power control board,
The induction cooker can support fixed power cooking and
a reference voltage is achieved. The reference voltage is the
fixed temperature cooking modes. PI close loop control is
input signal of IGBT control logical circuits, which has
applied in both the fixed power cooking mode and the fixed
functions of pulse generation, synchronization, protection
temperature cooking mode.
and IBGT driver. The main resonant circuit output increases
The PI control algorithm is very useful in a continuous with the reference voltage. As a result, the induction cooker
control system. There are two basic PI control algorithms: power can be adjusted by changing the duty of PWM.
absolute mode and increment mode PI control algorithm.
If the induction cooker works in fixed power cooking mode,
The following equation is a discrete expression of the
the close loop is implemented in the following steps: sample
position mode of the PI algorithm.
RSM value of voltage and RSM value of current of main
uk = KP*ek + KI * ∑(i=1)(k-1)ei + u0 Equation 6 resonant circuit; calculate current power; compare with
reference power and get error; adjust the duty of the PWM
In Equation 6: output according to the PI algorithm.
is power error.
is the integration coefficient. Summary
is the proportional coefficient.
This application note describes induction cooker control
system based on PSoC chip CY8C22x45. With the
Another mode of PI algorithm is the increment mode, and
assistance of PSoC device, all the functions of the control
the formula is:
board can be integrated into one chip. With few external
∆uk = uk - u(k-1) = KP*(ek - e(k-1) ) + KI * ek Equation 7 components and optimized algorithm, this design
incorporates all the kernel functions of the induction cooker,
CapSense button scan, stable power close loop control, and
Compared to the absolute mode PI algorithm, the increment fixed temperature close loop control.
mode PI algorithm has the following advantages:
Power -
Ref + Σ PI
PWM Low Pass IGBT Controller Main Resonant
Controller Filter and Driver Circuit
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Appendix
Figure 11. Board Schematic
J41
5V_IN
R84 560R
1
1 1 SEN1
2 R41 47k TXP COM1 Button
2
COM2
3 R44 47k TIGBT
3 VCC
R48 47k R83 560R
4 TMB 1
4 Button SEN2
R51 0
CMODR
PWM
CMODL
5
TIGBT
5
TXP
CUR
TMB
R82 560R
VIN
COM2
COM1
6 R46 47k VIN
6 1 SEN3
7 R47 47k CUR Button
7
R49 0 U1
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
8 GJ_INT R81 560R
8
9 R52 0 FAN 1 SEN4
P2.7
P0.1
P0.3
P0.5
P0.7
Vdd2
P0.6
P0.4
P0.2
P0.0
P2.6
9 Button
10 R53 0 PAN
10 1 33 BUZ
P2.5 P2.4 R80 560R
11
11 C12 C14 C16 C17 C19 GJ_INT 2 32 FAN 1 SEN5
P2.3 P2.2 Button
VCC
Connect 0.1u 0.1u 0.1u 0.1u 0.1u PWM 3 31 PAN
P2.1 P2.0
R79 560R
4 30
Vdd1 Vss1 1 SEN6
SEN11 5 29 SEN12 Button
P4.5 P4.4
5V_IN
SEN9 6 28 SEN10
P4.3 P4.2 R78 560R
SEN7 7
CY8C22545-TQFP 27 SEN8 1 SEN7
L1 VCC P4.1 P4.0 Button
8 26
Vss2 XRES
SEN5 SEN6 R77 560R
9 25
P3.7 P3.6 1 SEN8
SEN3 10 24 SEN4 Button
+ + P3.5 P3.4
C15 C5 BEAD C6 C18
100u/16v SEN1 11 23 SEN2
0.1u 0.1u 100u/16v P3.3 P3.2 R76 560R
1 SEN9
Vss3
P3.1
P1.7
P1.5
P1.3
P1.1
P1.0
P1.2
P1.4
P1.6
P3.0
Button
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
R75 560R
1 SEN10
COM3
COM5
COM4 Button
SPI_IO
COM6
VCC R74 560R
1 SEN11
SPI_CLK Button
COM3 COM5
SPI_IO
C7
VCC
LS1 CMODL
BUZ 4.7n
VCC C11
CMODR
SPEAKER J7
1
2 1 4.7n
3 2
I2C_SCL 4 3
I2C_SDA 5 4
5
5 PIN HDR
Cypress Semiconductor
Title
Induction Cooker Demo Kit
Size Document Number Rev
B 1.0
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AN50475
NC2
NC3
NC4
NC
4
10
12
COM1 R72 4.7K Q4
R71 4.7K Q1
COM2 R70 4.7K Q3 Q2
COM3 R69 4.7K
COM4
SS9014
SS9014
SS9014
SS9014
SEG1
SEG2
SEG3
SEG4
SEG5
SEG6
VCC VCC
U3
C13 0.1uF SEG7
R20 10K 9 14
8 RESET VDD
SPI_CLK CLK
6
1
QF 12 R86 200R SEG7
7 QG 13 R85 200R SEG8
GND QH
LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4
LED5 LED6 LED7
MC74HC164ADT LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4
LED5 LED6 LED7
2
1
1
1
LED11
LED9 LED10 LED12 LED13
LED8 LED9 LED10 LED11 LED12 LED13
LED8
2
2
Q6
R67 4.7K
COM5
SS9014
Q5
R68 4.7K
COM6
SS9014
Cypress Semiconductor
Title
Induction Cooker Demo Kit
Size Document Number Rev
C 1.0
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Induction
Figure CookerCooker
14. Induction FW Architecture Flowchart
FW Architecture Flowchart
Start Start
Hardware/Register Initialization
Tick++
LED Refreshing
LED Diaplay Module
Protection Module
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Document History
Document Title: Induction Cooker Design with CapSense™
Document Number: 001-50475
Revision ECN Orig. of Change Submission Date Description of Change
** 2616863 JHU/AESA 01/07/2009 New application note.
PSoC is a registered trademark of Cypress Semiconductor Corp. "Programmable System-on-Chip," PSoC Designer, and CapSense are
trademarks of Cypress Semiconductor Corp. All other trademarks or registered trademarks referenced herein are the property of their
respective owners.
Cypress Semiconductor
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San Jose, CA 95134-1709
Phone: 408-943-2600
Fax: 408-943-4730
http://www.cypress.com/
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