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Использовался крестьянами для того чтобы заклинать урожай отгонять злых духов а также
использовался при дворе в ансамблях народной музыки.
Барабан Цудзуми.
youtube.com/watch?v=5OA8HFUNfIk
Революция в барабанах произошла в 1951 году daihachi oguchi развил концепцию одновременной
игры на нескольких барабанах и подключил взаимодействие ансамбля в эту игру
куми дайко - ансамбль баранов тайко. Этот стиль изобретён в пятидесятом году Одним
человеком который служил в святилище Осува он был джазового барабанщика. Однажды Его
попросили интерпретировать старую нотную музыку, я которая была найдена в старом сарае.
Нотный лист был написан в Старой японской нотациях и он не смог понять её. к счастью он нашёл
старого человека который исполнил для него композицию и ему удалось интерпретировать её.
как джазовому музыканту ритм этой композиции был для него слишком простым. К он задался
вопросом Почему никто не играет на барабанах . таким образом он создал группу
функционирующую как Ударная установка.
A high-pitched Shime-daiko established a basic rhythm like a snare drum does. A growling Nagado
-daiko added accents like a bass drum. His intention was right to the point, and this epoch-making
invention changed the taiko music forever.
The period from 1970's to 1990's in Japan seemed to be the Renaissanceof taiko music. The activities of
Osuwa Daiko and other early kumi-daikogroups in 1960's, and the taiko performance at the Tokyo
Olympic in 1964ignited the phenomenal taiko boom for next decades. People started to payattention to
their local cultural heritages, which were almost vanishingaway. Many municipal organizations took
action on preserving them and,consequently, a lot of hozonkai (municipal preserving organization)
wereborn here and there in Japan. Adding to that, the government promoted thoseactivities with a vast
sum of subsidies in 1980's. The end result is thatapproximately 4,000 taiko groups have been formed in
Japan since then.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7am-7RSXhc4 огучи
Индия
Konnakol
Khol:
The other name of ‘Khol’ is ‘Mridangam’ but it should not be confused with the ‘North Indian
ancient Mridangam’ or ‘Pakhwaj’. The whole body of ‘Khol’ is made with burnt clay. The
middle portion is higher and has two slanting faces on either side. The two faces are made
of leather and the middle of each face has a black portion called ‘Gab’. The right face
(maxm. size-2/3 inches) is smaller as compared to the left face. The specialty of ‘Khol’ is
there is no need of adjusting ‘sur’ or scale as in the case of Tabla. ‘Khol’ is usually used with
‘Kirtans’, Devotional songs and ‘Kirtananga Rabindra Sangeet’. It is also used with Manipuri
dances.
Nakkara: youtube.com/watch?v=ayCiCet92Jg
‘Nakkara’ is one of the most significant ancient musical instruments. ‘Bheri’ or ‘Dundubi’ can
be considered just as different types of ‘Nakkara’. Usually ‘Nakkara’ is made of Bronze or
Brass and its shape is much like the ‘Bayan’ of a tabla. The face is made of leather and is
tightly fitted by ‘Rojju’. Its height is approximately 2’1/2 feet to 3 feet. ‘Nakkara’ is played
with the help of sticks, but while accompanying the ‘Sanai’ of North India ‘Nakkara’ is played
with hand only.
Ghatam https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxYyqwSJ01I
Африка
Джембе. Империя Мали 800-1200. Барабан джембе использовался для передачи сигнала о том
что идёт малийский царь. Бас, тон, слэп
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ep3-1OrAEiQ Bougaraby
The bougarabou has a longer history than its cousin, the djembe, and tends to be larger.
Another difference is that it's almost always skinned with cow skin, so it tends to have a
deeper, richer sound than the djembe. This is especially true if the hair is not shaved off the
skin, as is the tradition.
Кахон
Udu https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ZUZaKUBs1M
Like many African hand drums, the udu has a rich cultural history. Starting out as a clay
water jug that eventually had a hole added to the side, the udu is believed to have been
created by the women of the Igbo people of Nigeria. In the Igbo language, udu means
pottery, or vessel.
In fact, some of the larger udus are no different from water storage pots used by the Igbo.
This type of udu can be found scattered throughout the Igbo region in Nigeria
Ближний Восток
About the history of frame drums Doubleday stated, ”Artifacts from Mesopotamia (Iraq) from
c.3000 B.C.E. show both men and women playing the drums … Babylonian statuettes from
c.2000 B.C.E. show men and women playing “small frame drums”, and the carved fragment of a
bowl dated c.2100 B.C.E. shows a male drummer beating an extremely large frame drum …
frame drums were (also) featured in religious ceremonies and parades.“. According to her, “The
Middle East frame drum is portable, played with the bare hands, and features in a wide variety
of musical settings.
As a generic type, it is single-headed. Its frame is of variable size, usually round, and
sometimes modified with percussive additions (bells, rings, chains, cymbals, metal discs). Its
skin may be painted (Eve and sheep`s skins make the best sound),” she also stated,” the most
common names are duff (principally applied in Arabia and Western regions), daff/def (Turkey,
Iran and further east), daireh/daira/doria (Middle East and Central Asia), and tar (Arabia). Other
terms might be tof (Hebrew), mazhar, riqq and ghirbal (arabic), and bendir (North Africa).”(101-
102). The Iranian frame drum (daff) comes from Kurdistan which is separated to Iran, Syria, Iraq
and Turkey. Daff can made in various sizes with different weights to ease carrying it for women
and men. Depending on whether the player is right-handed or left-handed, daff is played on left
or right side of his/her body respectively, and it should not be in front of their face. Not only
holding daff in a proper position, but also proper sitting posture, correct counting, and playing
with euphorical and pleasant sound is important. These are the basic four rules of playing it
(Tootoonchian).
Tonbak https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfCxMuLwH9s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcPRG8KoMiI
Darbuka
Дарбука это металлический барабан использован в арабской музыки такой как Египта или Турция
сделана из керамики или тонкого металла с головкой из рыбьей или козьей шкуры он играется на
колени и держится не ведущей рукой играется двумя руками
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqb2cySEpZk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXs70tTWDPE С палочками
Латинская Америка, Каррибы
The African diasporic culture has shaped Latin American and Caribbean
percussion. For example, the kinka bell patterns in Africa serve similar
timekeeping functions to the son and rumba claves of Afro Cuban
music.
Cuba and Puerto Rico contain an array of musical styles and dances,
such as mambo, guajira, son, bomba, plena, and cha-cha. Great band
leaders like Tito Puente and Israel “Chachao” Lopez have paved the way
for these styles to eventually become integrated into salsa music.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZQh4IL7unM Tito Puente
The three types of Afro Cuban rumba rhythyms are yambu, guaguanco,
and columbia. Additionally, the spiritual Bembe music is played in Cuba
by the Lucumi people, descendents of the Yoruba people of Africa
везде клаве
Conga+claves guaguanco https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JUrRGtkPD0 0-25
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVSExx-5r6k Africa
Bomba: a Puerto Rican barrel drum covered with goatskin and played
by hand. There are two sizes, the larger buleador and the smaller
subidor.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J09tYXHH0uk
Bongos: a joined set of two drums often used in salsa music (diameters:
macho: 7″, hembra: 8.5″). Traditionally, the instrument is played held
between the knees by hand while seated.
Nigeria and Cameroon had fraternal organizations that utilized a trio of drums called “bonko.”
Some of the most famous dance styles of Latin America, including the mambo, salsa and conga,
utilize the music of the bongo drum. The instrument’s capacity for distinct percussion is essential to
these styles, which showcase distinct and often rapid rhythms. In fact, the music of the bongos is
often used as a solo instrument in such music, a tactic that highlights the importance of a song’s
rhythm.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCGfGOQLB-c Bongo ex
Claves https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOpl7rY_Abg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvk9emKdy08
Guiro https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdjXwMy1TCo
Marimba https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z134db7goA
Timbales https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ths6YHITLTU
South America
Berimbau
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GI6_eQy-OuI
Agogo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1nfHOxA06E