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Памятник- monument
Решетка- lattice
Пересечение- intersection
Плотник- carpenter
Чугун- cast-iron
Излишества- excess
Востановить –restore
Экспонат- exhibit
C камья-bench
Вход- entrance
Домик Петра I - первая постройка в Санкт-Петербурге, жилище царя Петра I
в период с 1703 по 1708 годы. Этот небольшой деревянный домик площадью
60 м² был построен солдатами-плотниками недалеко от Троицкой площади
всего за три дня - с 24 мая (4 июня) по 26 мая (6 июня) 1703 [1]. Здесь же 27
мая (7 июня) прошло празднование по случаю присоединения земель и
основания нового города.
В 1930 году в домике был открыт музей, где представлены артефакты той
эпохи и подлинные вещи самого Петра.
House of Peter I - the first building in St. Petersburg, the home of Tsar Peter I in
the period from 1703 to 1708. This small wooden house with an area of 60 m² was
built by soldiers-carpenters near Troitskaya Square in just three days - from May
24 (June 4) to May 26 (June 6) 1703 [1]. Here, on May 27 (June 7), a celebration
was held on the occasion of the annexation of lands and the founding of a new city.
In 1930, a museum was opened in the house, where artifacts of that era and
authentic things of Peter himself are presented.
The place for the construction of the house was chosen in the rear of the Peter and
Paul Fortress so that strategically important objects could be seen from the
windows - water spaces, the surrounding area and the fortress bastions [2].
The house was built from hewn pine logs in the manner of a Russian hut. The
canopy divides it into two parts. Apart from this feature, as well as doors decorated
with ornamental metal plates - typical features inherent in Russian architecture of
the 17th century - everything in the house reminds of the Tsar's passion for Dutch
architecture. So, Peter, wishing to give the house the appearance of a stone
structure, ordered to cut the logs and paint them under red brick, to cover the high
roof (the height to the ridge of the roof is 5.7 m) with shingles under the tiles, and
to make unusually large windows with small glass-glass. There were no stoves and
chimneys in the house, which were not necessary, since Peter lived in it only in the
warm season. The roof was decorated with a carved wooden mortar, and "bombs
with blazing flames" were installed along the edges of the ridge. These lost
elements indicated that the tsar was at the same time the commander of an
honorary company of bombers of the Preobrazhensky regiment. In the documents
of the 1720s, the building was called either "the old red mansion that is near the
courtyard of Roman Vilimovich Bruce in the grove", or simply "red mansion".
Во второй половине XIX века со стороны Невы был разбит сад. В 1852
окружён чугунной решёткой. Ещё раньше распланировали сад,
примыкавший непосредственно к строению, и обнесли его металлической
решёткой, сохранившейся до наших дней. В 1875 перед домиком установлен
бронзовый бюст Петра I работы скульптора Пармена Забелло по модели
скульптора Жилле.
After the construction of the Summer and Winter Palaces, Peter no longer lived in
this house. It stood abandoned until 1731, when a stone gallery was erected around
it. However, it turned out to be ineffective in protection, which was shown with
particular force by the flood of September 10 (21), 1777. Then Catherine II ordered
"to enclose the house with a stone cover on a solid foundation with a roof covered
with roofing iron", which was done in 1784. In 1844, the "case" was completely
dismantled and replaced by a new one according to the project of the architect RI
Kuzmin - from sixteen pillars with arches without plaster. In this form, the house
has survived to this day.
In the second half of the 19th century, a garden was laid out on the side of the
Neva. In 1852 it was surrounded by a cast-iron grate. Even earlier, they planned a
garden adjacent directly to the building, and surrounded it with a metal lattice that
has survived to this day. In 1875, a bronze bust of Peter I was installed in front of
the house by the sculptor Parmen Zabello, after the model of the sculptor Gillet.
The house has been preserved almost in its original form. Minor changes made in
the period before the October Revolution, when the house was used as a chapel,
were eliminated during subsequent restorations.
In 1930, the house was given the status of a historical and memorial museum.
During the Great Patriotic War, the House of Peter I was closed. Its windows and
doors were boarded up with sheets of plywood, sewn up with planks and, to mask
it as much as possible, painted over with gray oil paint. The preservation of the
museum was watched over by the attendants. Already in September 1944, the
House was the first among all the museums of Leningrad to open to visitors.
In the postwar years, restoration work was carried out. A major overhaul of the
"case" was carried out, during which brick walls were cleared, door and window
openings were glazed, walls and ceilings inside were painted, the marble floor of
the dining room, laid during the years of the chapel's existence, was replaced by a
wooden one. The walls and ceilings of the house itself were covered with a new
canvas. The grill around the house was also restored.
In 1958, heating was installed in the "case", which made it possible to visit the
museum all year round. Scientific restoration was carried out in 1971-1975. The
exposition of the museum consists of two sections: the house itself and the
exhibition in a "case". In the study, dining room and bedroom of the House are
presented authentic things that belonged to Peter I, as well as household items of
the early 18th century, materials about the events of the Northern War of 1700-
1721, the founding of St. Petersburg, as well as materials on the construction and
restoration of the monument itself.
On the granite embankment there is a descent to the Neva, on both sides there are
figures of mythological lion-like creatures shih tzu, brought in 1907 from the city
of Girin in Manchuria.
At the entrance to the right, there is a bronze plaque indicating the king's height - 2
meters 4 centimeters.