2-1 1i> = & )( B- =- Re [ ~ eiw:.

t] )( Re [ Ij eJ '-Jt]

Usi"j the IdeYltity Rer~ejwtJ:;: i[~eiw.t+ E"'e-jw.t J

The lYlstant PQJtlti~ vector Co.Yt be tUritteYl as

1t2 ={4r§e)lUi+§"ejt.):t]J xfl [Hej(o)t"t- tJ"e-jw"t-]}

= i { i (§x tI f- + ~ .. x t1] T i [r: x Ij eJ-2.w\ ~1'x H" e-jwt] I

== ~ { i [ 5 x fj ~ + (E X!t l' ) ~ ] + ~ [§ x tj e> <w:t + (§ x t! e i wt- )".] 1 USiOj the Qboue identity c:...jo.i n J bLtt this ti me. t~ reverse order: w~ Co.\') ~rite thQ,t

W ~ i [ Re (E X H f ) ] t' ~ [Re C E X H e j~w*) ]

w~- I :...l[EXHt-J = e.2. dr':::: s.l.ar- ~ 0.033\5 at- wa.tts/m~

- ru.a :z... - - :1.~ .2 (I.2.DlT)

Pro.d = j-s Wra.d r{s ::: lo:l.lI'llf co. 03315) (r.1.shl s de d,e)

::: L~lT [1r (0.03315) (100) : .s't t1e d&d,ct

=2TT Co·().35\S-)(I~O)~ tlT"sineJe =~n-CO·0331S-)(Io0)~-2. -=- 4165. q 5 Wa.tts

2-3. CO.) Dc ~ AlTUmo.x =:_ 41T(..200J(lo-3) ~2.1.2<;:::13.4'1dB

Pra..d. 0·9 (125".66 X I a!. )

2-2.

(a)

(b)

Do ~ 4TT Umax =- 4.11'(200 XID-~)

~r(l.oI (12$.66X'lo-3) =..2.0 =13.01~B

<4-0 = e ... Do :;:: 0. 't. (.20):::; 18 = I ~. 55d8

1

2-4 U ::. a, (0$3&

(0.) P .... " I~' Jo~/"- U sine de dJ! = So t'"[ '/~os'e <s'me de dfO (rrY2-

::: 2TTBo JD co~G sins de

D "'" 11T(~

Ir,,~;: 2trBo (- (b~e )0·:::: 1 Bo= 10 ':;?B~= .~ =6.3662

U =. 6.366..2.. cos3e

W =:. U - 6.3 6 6 ~ S.111 _ 6 . .3 66 :L ... -6 ..3

r.2. - . 1'"2. CD. t1 - (103).a.· cos3e = 6·3662: X 10. Que

W\'Yl'ID.t:= 6 . ..3662X!06.eoslQ{ = 6·366:2 X 10-6 watf-s/m.i.

mo.)(

(1) Do= 4TrUmQ..I' 4Tf C6·.366.:L)

. . Pr~ - Ie:::' 8 = 1'dB

(c) GD ~ et Do =: 8"" 9 dB

2-5

U II oO~6 ~ 20"

(el ~)~

':d4-Z csc(e) 20' ~ e ~ 60'

o bOo, e ~ leeo

PfO." '" r"i1J" UCe,j1) sine &6 d! : ZIT [

}

- ZTf { [-D. 'i31'6'T't I) + o.d4Z·rr (iJ J

= <..11 { 0.060311:" o . .:<d876 J;:' l.errl'lZ

Do:: 4-IT UmClY= . 4 IT (I) =. 6.68 '1-..311 .::: g.:J.5.2 55 dB.

pro..:{ /. e rr 91 z

2

2-6 (u.) Do ~ 41,253 = 41~ .2.53 =- 39 . .2 11 =: 15.94 dB

61c(Eld 3005)

_ '}..':l..

Aern - 4Tl Do

(J,) Do ~ q~)81 S == 72,815 - 34- . .<.1= !5.d5 ctB

l) id + 6td (30),l.+ (d 5) ~

- )\;J."

A~m - 4.1T Do

2 -7 Do =: 4:rr Un,t\x Pro.c(

(0.) U ~ SinEl ~n;r for 0 ~ G S 1f} O!; % ~ IT

ul"f'lW"=:.1 and j;t occurs when e~¢~ Tr!.<...

Pr-o.d. = i lfi Vu Si't'j e Jed¢= fa 11"5; 1'1,3 dpS s: 71'S! 'n~e de e: .2 CiJ =: n

T h us Do =: 4. rr ( I) = 4 z: 6. 0 .2 dB

TT

The. half-power beo.mw-iclths aYe E'Cjua.Q. to

HPBW (Q7!. ).: Z [ 9D o~ sin-Ie Y2)_] .:= z ( yo °-30 c') := I-<of> H PBW CeL) =: -2 [?DD_ sin-Ie Y:l.)J s: .:z c Yoo-30") == (:(.Do

In a. s()l1i la r t'YlO..l'l ner, it-- ca.'t1 be Q,OLDI1 ±ha:t" for Cb) u.:::siYla$i""~ ~ Do::;:S.o9 =-7·orrdB

HPBW (eJ.) ::! 1'<0 ", H PBW(a~.)::;:, yoo

(c) U =: .slY1e ~i"r1~ 4 Do.:::!.. 6. = 7·78 d8

HPBWCe.i.)= I~oo} HP8WCu~)= '74.13°

(c:{) U '=' 5iyiS Si'Yl_% -=? Do = 12. Jr /B =: 4: ''71 = 6 ·fT3 dB

HPBW{e4.) =- 90") H_PBW (a~_).:::: I ~O·

(e) U= sin~& 6il1~ 9 Do::; 6;:: 'r.\7BdB) HP8W (a.il.): HPBW(eJ,) = !foo

(f) u =- ..sill.").€) sil1d,rt ~ Do =:: '10/4'::::: 7·0'1 <:. 8.4 '1dG' HPBW(ei.) = ,?C", HPBVI./(az.) = 74. 95'"

3

2-8. Usl(j the half- power beo.l'l1wic:iih-s foul't( In the pYeviQUS Pf1) hleW! (pro hie.", 2 - '1), the. d;rectiv ~ fot' fu.Ch i11teYlS'(:; LtSino- I< ra L(S >

aVId Ta.i a:no. Pereiro.)s fOl""tI1ulas 1& UiVeYl lry

U =Sil'l fl· . elm M ' (.c;\ \ 1"\0. ~ 41 253 41 2S3 . 8

. v :r) '.,) v, - .~ =: :<·6 .:::.. 4. 511 dB

(]j)lq (h.ot 1<0 C/-2o)

. . ~

U = ~ll'Ie '>S! Yl)J ;

(0..)

ch) U :: Sine &i YI-.i'.0 j Co.) (6)

®tol + ®-l~ O-lOY1-t C(.20)2-

Do ~ .,3·B2=- 5"·8:2.01.6

Do -== d·.;t4 == 5·10 J B

Do ....... 4.51' ::::: b .620113

Do =: 3.64 ::; 5·61 dB

U= Sin:a.e '&"I¥; (a.) Do':=_ 3.8.<. :: 5. ez: dB Co) Do c: 3.;w. =:5.10 cAB U= Sinl..e·6in); (0.) Do~ 5.09 = t'f .. oqdB cb) Do -v 4.49 :::: 6".53 dB

u~sht·e-S;l}'30; (0..) Do ~6.12 .::: '7·811d.B cb) Do ...... E·31= !J..2S'c.(B

2-9.

(0...)

Do':: 41f :;; 41t =.? 53'717 ~ 7. 433 dB

@U'®21" (1·5064);"

(b)

00 == 32.. in (::l) _ t&; -I- Clb~

=- 4.B8rP5 (1.5064-) l. -4- (1.5064).l..

= 6.8'106 dB

(Ontinuecl )

4

2-11.

2-10 (CoYlt)d) :::.:2.11 { (-0.8&6-+1) + ( -O.5~O.866j + C-o I~ o·b ) J

Pra4 =: 2.1f {-o.e66-+ 1-0·'<5-+ 0.433 +0.05 J =.21T(o·36'1)

= o. 'l'34'TT .:::: ..2.305,(

Do == J. (4Tr) .::: '!;.4496 s: 73636 dB ;Z ..305'9

ch) Do (dipDle) =- ,·5 -= j·'16L dB

Po (ahov'e dipole) =: (7·d6a6- 1·'(6 I) J.B ~ 5.6026 dB

Do (a.bovE' dipole) =: 5.4.5:: 3.633 ~ 5.603 &L8

1·5

2jl' IT ..2:Tr..l. (yr/~.

(D..) Pro.d. = s: )0 U (8,~) .sine de dJi5 :::L sin %cJ.P·Jo COS4e&rntidg

:::; Crnct) == ;.

U mo.\' =: U (e == 0°) %~ Tr/.2.) = j .

Do = 4-lT" U 1II{jJ( ::. 4li ==.2.0:::- ld .0 dB

pr~cl (Tf/S)

(1) Slevo.tioh PI~Yle: e VG\rie-s ) ~ 5 ixeoJ. -'t chooSe ¢ z: 1r/.:z.

U (f1,;6= Tr/.2.) == Cbs4e) 0 ~ e- ~ TT/z.

cos4[ HP~(el.) ] = ~

HPBW (eL.) = 2,. COS-I {~d. 5" f == 6'5.5°.

2-12.

2-13 Q. 3Sd8

b ... .20 i(1lo/ ~:t).x I ::. 3S,

I~:()J( j :: Il'15:;: 56.2311-

/01

from C...2-33c..) ~ Do:: - I 6&'171

(711: f3~-O,0027(7"".r3()):'" - ,

From (2-331)! 00 == -/72.1;. + /9/ yo. 818 +7/).?3" :::. I. 7502'1 C, Computer proJra~ Do=: J.6IJ766

The ""Iue of Do ~I, 61?6) is Shl'lilA'r"" *"0 t'ko..t of (4- 'II) Or 1.64-3

2-/6. a"

D. = 7y'IO, 1ta s'm 6 ,:; ~s·!ne. H PBW:: '13./00

From (.2-d3a..) Do= 101/( ('13./0)- O.ooJ.'7( ]l3./0)'"J == /,It.I/-?/.2(J fro~ (2-33b) Do;::;-1'72.'f.-r191../O,8!8-r ?3,IO' .;:: /.4.7'1'<1/

(). :=il/.2o, JqIlS;nd"=~..siT)e, HPBW=_9l.loo.

From (~ - 33 Q..) ) Do::::' /. /,t.7t:J33" from (2-33 b) J Do::: 1.502

b. _ :b.. \D. = r')'lr r If" Ji.1( tw,sil') 9) 'S'\ Y) e de cJ.%::. 0.76380(1$

a -10 . rl:l.Q, Jo Jo

U!'nD,lc = 0.087'..3 . Do = 4Jf (a,Q8 ?3) ~ /. 46 ]>17'3

0, '7t38tJlI.5'

?\ (2."If r 11 l. .

!A -=- ]0 J Prod. z: J 0 )D J( 1TAo . 511'1 a) ·S01. ed ed,:1 ;:; 0. 2tJ.z66!.f

Ul'lItU' = O. C.2.l.{.o'114, Do = 41T (0, o..2(!o?'/~) == L 49.257

6. 2.0.2 604.

If t-n e ra.dju s 0 flcof' l S sm c:;I.\ler 'tho.l'! 0/.2..0, "the d (Ire c.+iui!y

o..pprao.d'1. t-o J. 5'" .

2- JZ Usil'1,! -&he Y1ul11ericai techniques, the d,irectfvi tv fhr each

J I / J - ('VIre'r16'i!'y

oJ (Prob. 2-7) with 10° uniform di\li~ioVJS is E4L(aL TO

U.:: sin6 ',_£il1)f ~ Co.) !'1ict poil'1t; Do = 4.1f U rno.x

11 "If. (8 '. . It;rM.lo

U m(AX:;- 1, H·a,_d =. TB ( is) .?- $I'vqtd• -? S i YI 8~

,J "'"I A-I

e, :::: IT -+ (i - I) 1T". I "') 3 '8

... 06 . (8, A, =. J .... , <» ••. ' J I

95· ,:::;...1L i-C-I) 1T

J <36 J 18 }

J~ - I. -<: ~ - •. 18

- ~ ,OJ »

Pro..d ~ C~ J J. C II. 3865'6) (8. 'T9 24) .;;:; 3.11"1'

Do == 4:cr (,1) ~ 4.03 = 6.0$ dB

a. U'1

(b) Tro.illYlj eotje. 0) each aiVLs'lOn

Trai\iYlj e~€.; e~;:: i,('irS)) ~""1,<,3) _") 18 )2l'j::'J (IT/IS) J=!''<''.3, ._. ,IB

PrQ.q = (15)~ClI.<5'64o)(886Y85)~ 3·°76

Do =- 41rcl) =:; 4.0~:::6.lIdl3

3.119

In Il.. Similar maY1'r1e r-

U ==sinB sin"%; (el) R-04:;: :2-463 ::::? Do =- 5·{o :::. 7- 0 '1 dB (6) Pro-a:::: '<.4519 Do =:; 5·103 :::. 7.10 qB

(a) Pra,d=..2.0?.z 9 Po=: 6.01::;; r"f.'7'TclB (b) Ph.d ==-.:2.086 ~ Do ~ 6.02.. = t7.Bod8

(a.) R-nq :::: ~.46i ::;> ~ ~ 4.1(4 =6·76 oIB C b) PrQ.~ =:<. 6 I 8 9 Do = 4 .80 =: 6, 81 dB

U =si't'l~e· sitJ)r; Co..) Prad =. .:r092 ~ Do::::: 6,0/ ::: 7.111 dB Cb) Pr~ = .<.086 9 Do';;:; 6.02..= 17-80018

u ~ s{ Y).l.e· S'n1'jo j Co..) R-Q.~ ~ /.777 =? Do .::.7·07 =: {}·4 'i'dB cb) Pr"A = I· 7QS- 9Cb;::;; 7,08 '=: 8.SOdS .

2-18.

UsiYl~ the cOfl1puier pr~ro.Wl Dtre.ctiVLtyot the end

of chapter 2 I the direct(vltie-s fer each rudio.tion lYitenstty of Proble'rVl 2·7 a.re 0:fua.Q to

Q.

U .:: stns ..sinjl Ul'llo.x = 1

; Pro.ci::: 3, [318

Do = 4rr,Umc..x = 4.6l2 5" ~ 6.034018

, 3·[318 .

b.

U =S{ne·sin~ Utl\~ = 1

Prod =: 2.4590

Do==4«·l =: 5.110358 :9? 0845 dB

2.4590 .. '

c. U ==- Sin&·s'tna.0') Pro.d = 2.0870

UiftllX := 1 Do =2~:~~O :::: 60.2.124 => 'leod8

d. U = si"ll""e s1n¢ ; p,.o.~;; 2.65'79

Umwr = 1 ' D.:- 4-'IT·1 == 4.727r3 ~ 6.746 dB I 0 - .2.651'1

e. U= s In:a.eSin) j Pro..cl = 2.0870

Do -=- 411"· i ::. 6.02126 ;9 tz 7968 dB 2.08'70

f u =' [imLe'Sh)~e' ; Prad. == 1.7714

Do =. ;~7/1¥:::: 7. O?l/.o3 ~ 8.5089 dB

8

o.rr07 El1Io,lf = 0.'/'0'1,(1):= CoS [2 (COsel ... I)] -I

4 (COS81-1) ;::. ±t ~ &,=.f Cos (.z) =. oIo&S YJoi;- e)(ist

l (os-' (0) .:::: '0 u:= ~ r~cJ.·

®Ir :::: ®.2r::: Z ( ~) :::' 1T

Do '::::!:. 4lf" = ±! =- ~; 1·2'73 ~ j.04<t dB

(ijln' ®.tr It' ~

(6;.

Usil'lj ttJe Cb'OlpuieY' pr0j"rn.m at-:the. e'r/J llf cha.pter Z Do = :<. 007e 9 ~ 13. 0 a 7 cIS

Since ti1e p,,:t:reYYI !S not very VlarY'OW) iJ,e, o:nsl.(J€Y" oht"a.iy,eol USi~ krCH.tS' o.pprOII'imcde fb .... rnulo. IS not a.S ClccuYCJe.

2-20. a, ~Imo.)(:: Cos(~((oSe~l))! == 1 o.t A=1T •

Yn~

0.707' =CoS'(~(("5t),+I)) _, '

: (CoSSI-t I) -::: ±! ~ Eh = [ CO~ C -2) "1 doeoS' not ex/rt. l Co s (0) ~ CJ 0 -7 -:_ ro.q

8,r ~ e~r =- 2 C ~) := Tr .

Do -:::.:. ~1J'".2. =" * =:. !. 2'73 = I, 0 ~ 'f q B

CO'h'IpAer- ~r~ vn

Df)::: 2.0D7g9 = 3·02'7 o{B

b,

2-21. 6., Pr04 :: rl,).lTi~:I.z. UoSil'lCllsine)· Sine de dp.:: 2Jl" Uo' I J, (n) = UO lT2Jdrr)

"""'0 = 41f UWlDJI' 47r UD ~ __!_ - 4 Art::lS

~ - IT' Ji(rr) - .~/"""

r-r",J - Uo lr'- J,(lf)

<- -¥ Jl ("If) = 0.44'70'72. 73501622.

b

C6WJp~ter pro,rlA'M

Pyo.d. :::; r:«-'I oTr/~Uc SlYl (11'&1119) ~'!Yl(j dsdp ~ ..2lT,(O,44'70'72?'36-61618)

Oi> == 4,4'735

2-22 . (0). Us il'1j the computer pYtljyo.m at- ~e ev...{of ch qp til t" =l. • Do::: 14.0 '7orr ;:; I.!. 48 dB

(b). UI == [§itlC1fSin6)1~=- 1 wheYl 6=0".

'mo.x -rr Si n G mat

U == iUrncu ::: :t (1)::::. [ .• S(t1(~§ine,)].Z 11'" Sine,

Iterative:>, we obt:..il1 B1 ;::; :2(;.3 ", Thert"fore

®Iq '= ®~d::;: Z {:).6.s oJ:::: 5.2.6 ".

G\YtJ Do'::: 41 • .253 ;::; 14. '11 .:: 11.173 dB (JSi~j +he. krG\LhSI fot"l11ulo..

(5.:J.,6)~

( c) for T 0.;0. VI'" Pe re i re, "'s "fo r 011 .. 11 0.

Do =- tr.2,8.!5 =. 7~, 815 .=: 13.16:::::: II.I? as

2· ®.d_ 2 (S'<.6)~

2 -23 U =. .l~ I E I ~ =. :LIt 81ne Cos:"? =:} U mo.K::;:· .4.~

( o: ) P",d ~ ;<rI '>'ZSin'6 c..~<J6dY' ~ *a)G)= ;~

Do== 41TUYt!@.=:. 4J[(~) _ ~ z; 5.0~ =7.o1dB

P r-a..ai 11"1. - 1T

. --L B 'I_

c.b). tJ 1'kU';:r ~ at" e:; Trf.:1...) PS::>. 0

.L! the elevo.i.iol1 f'lq~e +hroUJh *he ma.x;.,."uvn pi::::o a"nd ()-=. iftSiVlEl. The 3- dB point" OCcurs wneV)

/...{ = 0·5 UmO¥ =: 0·5 (:2.1) =: ~ s1n tJ.1. =) 6:t. == 6in-'{oS) ::::.30" There.)'ore®lcI ;;;. .<.(90 - 30) = 1-<.0"

In :thea.~iml.dl, plo.Vle throUj l, tne VI1(.ot'imuWI B:: 1r/2 ~Yad U:::::: i1 Cosy. The a-dB pOiYlt occurs wbeVl U:::. 0 S Uvno.x'::: 0 S C.~) ~ l.t Cos~d, =Y

st. ::: Co§'(o.r"(o'7)=45", ®~q ;;:;zCTo"-45°):;: 'fo~

l1er1ore ~siYlJ kraus' f6rmula. Do -::. ~~~~1~) =3· S..2. -'" 5· 8 2 dB

(c) Usi~ Tal. anci Pere i rCA S form ulo.

Do :::::'7..2. .. 915 -= '7.2.) 815 =. 3.~4 ~ 5./0 dB ®!d + ®~'" C/.:2o)"'-r(?ot

Cd) UsiYj tie cOY'llpu.ter pr6Jra.M o..t theeYloi. of choptey.2...

Do =: 5,.1642.5" .:;:;. '7.13 01 B

10

2-24. U =. [J. ~Q.sll'le )].). ::: (1(0.)'" [~ Cko.sinS)]1.::: Uo [01 c*,o.~(Yle) J.l-

\19 kCi stn e -Wa.rSfYl 9

(a.) Umax =. Uo [~/'= ~o aVl~ it oaurs whe\'l"i9a.siVl$ ~o ~ Go :::-0:

The -3-c!8 point- ~s ebta.iYjeoi usiV\,j

U ~ ± Umo,x ::= * =:: u, I JL (k<1~tne)] 2. ==3> Jj Ckc.S_iYlG) =. 0 . ..35>36

_ 1eQ. srn a .{q.o. \SIYlS

with .the aid of ii1e JiCx)/x tables of Appendix V

X~-kCX~iYt~i:::: /.61 ~ A,=&ln-I(I.6'1.z,.) = 14.847D~lb.u =..2r·6i4-D

(1) SInce Qi)lr = ®.4r z: ~ cr. 6?4D} ..the. oIir@ctivity is ~ ucJ. to

Do ~ 41.253 .::: 46.'79 ~ (6.'7C dB

(.2'1'. 694)'l.

(e, ) li Ylell. r beCa.l6Se.6% :::. O.

2-25.

(h) Lin€'a.r beca.1.4Se AJ15= O.

Cc) CirClAlar beca.l.4Se .1. ~x == Ey

2... A¢ = TT/.z.

CCW becALlSe Ey lecwls E:x• Are=-!) T= '10°

cd) C;rCu.la.... beac.lASe .1. Ex = Ey

;Z. Afi5 = - rrb_

A0.1. 7= 1'oD

C W bemuse E j 1. a.jS E)(. '\ == }

(e) ElliptiecJ because AJl5 IS not multiples of Tf/.z_.

CC W beco.t.£S'e fy Jea.oLs E x . AR-== OA/oB

Lettinq Ex z: ~y ::: Eo __

J ] 1/2,

OA = r::o[ 0.5 C I + 1+ fi:) =. I· 30656 E" 1- .:9AR. ~ L306~ := .2.411-

OB:::; Eo [o.5CI+ 1_{:i)]Y':L= 0.5411'16 Eo) o.!34I1Y6

'L= Yo~_...L*o.Vl-1 [.2.(.1) (08(450)] = 1'00_:i ;to.V".-I( (.~4)

:< ! - 1

-= 1'0°_ i(90') = 450

Cf) f:1I;ptica1 becQuse 4{J' is rot 'multiples of IT/z

cw because Ey Jay Ex

FrnWl above oA ~ r .,306.!s'6 Eo ).. =? AR:= 1·30656 s: :2 .414

08 =:. c.54[1'l6 E=e ) 0.5411'16

From a.hove T.::.. 1>oD- .k.C900) = 45D

11

2--25fC.nilOcJ). EjliptiaJ be('Q~e 1. Ex:f s,

2.. AJZ5 is 'rIOt ~ero or mu.lti pies of 1T .

ccw beCQuse E) .lPo.o!s E)l.

OA == Ey {± [0 . .25 + 1+ 0 ·75] J'I2.. -== Ey ~ 9AR.= i-s::.2

0.8 = E)t 11- [0.25"+1 _O.'75)]V:t.:;: 0.5 E; J .'

7= ~oo_ i tnn-;(-~.75) ~ 70"- ~ClBoO) = OD

Ch) E lIipticrJ becalASe. .i E)( ~ 1:)

:2 . .a{lf is hot ~rO fir- mLCtt;pl~ of IT.

cw beeause fy 1a.jS Ex .

mYl1 ah:>ve. 0 A :::; E)' \.- =;. AR. == 0 ~5 ::::;Z_

o B ==:. e.s E)' J

l; ~o 0_ ±(I8o~) = 0°.

2-i6.

Ex tz, t) = Re.l Ex ej(Io.).t+ 4Q~ -+ (If.>c ) ] = Elf cose cot: T k~ + ¢:c) E) (II t) =- Re [Sr ejt~t + lei! + 0'~) ] = EJ CoS Cwt T ki! +-{Z"~)

where Ex and Ey eire Y&ol.. POSt-tiI1Q Constz,.n~.

C hoosi ~ ~ = 0 a. nol £p+6 Ylj LJ.%:::: ¢ J - f,5:JC ~ rp y - 0 ::: f1

Cx(k):::;, E" (OSCc.u.t) cyct) =: s, COS(w;l:+,¢)

(.1)

a.ncl

ECt) ~ vex~~ E/ .::::; j A. ~CbS.l.(€()t-) + Ey~C~S~(W7:+%) (:J..)

l1-e tOOXi ml.(W} a.ncl mi tli rnlJ»'l va.l ~es of (.:2.) a.re ihe ma.jor (lnci 'v)1i 1'1 Or ~es of the poIcu-i1?ccifon e lIifSe. ~ l.lQ:ri I1J Col) a. Vlcl u\Si VlJ th e hQlf-o.~jle lc.l.e)lti~ I e~Uo.'tLon C.2.) CO.¥) be t...J r-itieY'l a....s

E..l.(t) =- ~ { E/+ Fy ~ + Ex-i.coS(..:.!W.t) + El Co s.l. [2. (w 1: + $21) ] J (3)

Since E" and Ey CiYe' ChYlSitlnts. the> mClXimLLWl aVId min;ttlLt'»l "al\.(e8 c;f (3) occur cuheY\ fCt)::::. E",:l. CPS(.:lW;l:) + Fy~ CbS [:H"'~t-Pf)J (4)

loS "nIo.)(iml(Wi 0"1"" mini»ll.o",. These are SOLlYld. ~ cli(t-erel'litCi.tiYlj (4)

o.':!1ci .setti~ it- G'Cf\..lo..L ;to ~eyc. Thus

'&- ... t-- -'E)(~!.Sll1[.Hut") - E/ !Sin [.2{w-;t:-+~)J =0

q, (.14) . ..., /

( Co))ti»~e~ )

12

2-26

CCont'd) or

E",.l. .sin (.,2cJ:I;) == -E)I~6"!n r.2(f.()t-l- ~)J

==.;- E-/ { GlrpGo.t' Co S J.% + Cos ,J;w i: &'i Y)..l % I

Divid'~ (5) by CbS(~",;t) yieldS

e/ :to.vlC.lGoJ·.t') ::: - £/1. .t4 n[.:t'GJ;t] CbS(<.SZS) + 5i rJ (.:2% ) ]

tan (.JGot) ::: -Et-s1l'l (;2%)

I

(5)

or

wnen? \:::."; Et 1" Ey+ 1- Z E,: FE; CbS (~¢) (8 )

Su.hsti hcti'j (6) - (8) tni:o (d) yif?lcJlS

E.).:::. ~ [E/+ E/± t(e~)J

whose. I'hCl)(i mLtWl Vo.!·L(e, is

{ . 4.....4- .). .... .1.Y.l.J· JY..2.

Emo.x -=. OA == ~ [ E/-t Ey ~+ C Ex + t:j + 2. EX E) CoS.2~) .

tmin :::. 0 B .=. {± [Ell, + E/" - (Ex 4+ E/ +< E/ f/"COS-l,0)J.2 ] J y~ lle .tilt anjle T OU, be obta.itled.. ~ expa'r1c{l,nj (.1...) and. ~rit;V!J -the ttW oS

E"l. _ 2..£:l.Cy (bS¢ -rc;/;::: ~;njz «0

Ei Ex "Ey E).l..

which is the "'1llctt101r'1 or a. tilted. eUipse. .. dtoooSitUj . acoorclino:te ~steWl wh OSe pri» Q pa.! oxes (oj Pl dele 4.) i th .the V'r1cj 0"'" ar.J' mi no r- a.k"BS of Th e

ti I ted ellipse! We CCI.'r1 write 'fha.t"'

Cx :;. E;' sin (7) -0 cOS(:c)

c... " . no)

Coy =- ex CoSCt) -t E7 601(2:)

i..iere E..:f o.nd E) O;re.:t-he new Jielo-l vcdL(e.s a.lolLj :t-he necu principol. axes x~~r)~/. Substitutinj (10) ll'ltb C'f) :Jie1cJ.S

.<. ~.:'SiCo$cz).sin' Z) _ ~ c': E; co,S(z)Sln{~) _ .:J.t:; 8.; caS/d csi.".\ G - (Os..t.l) .:: 0

E.-:_.:t E/ E>( E)'

(COl1ti»ueJ )

13

2-26. (COht 'ot)

which when 6'¢ive::J for;the tilt- a.YlJLe l reduc8S;to

bJ.nr~( -f -z) 1 =. :lEx Ey CoS~

E ... 2. - Ej~

Or- '(::::: tr_..L ;t:o.Y1-1 ( .:( EX" E, CoSP' )

.z. Z E,(:L - E),"_

for 'YlIoreoleto.Hs GYI the tiLt" a.~Le der-;va.:t-1o'rl, See

J D. kralA$} AnJ.:ennC\& J McGr-aw-HiH I 19~) pp. 464-476.

2-27 (0.) e~::. £h CoS~, + ctysin,¢,

...." "

~'" = o.::r Wf';a;' aJ&lnpf~

PL F ::·1 fw . ea.1 ~~ ! Co.; (fls¢, of" OJ Sh1 %' ). ((i~ CoS.¢~ + aj's·()1'.l.) 12. -=: I COS~I cos¢;;t. + si-nft, Si)'j;t~ I~ <= I (eSC,¢". -¢;o.) J;o.

(6) f~:;:; ax si'1191 CoSIO, + ~ &'111 e I sh1fOi + 6i- CbS e I eo. -= a"x si'l'l e -1(ilS st .. t CS..si l1$l.' ~·I'l1..0:l. + cit CeSe <.

PLF :;: I p:" . Pl4.j..l.= I 6(11 S, CoS¢,. 5'.,.., e;o. C(jS~'J.. i- &"1'llS, S;'I'/ %, si..., G.l. '1$" M,RJ.l... + Cos e, , co S GJ.../;a.

PLF :::. ISi'Yl8I,s'l"l1e~(Cos~1 'CoS9S;o. +Shlj3', &i"",f1 .. J + ctlse. CbsGl.{~

PLf::. I Bille ,$1116;,. CAS Cp1I-ro~ +CbS:!9 I Co S e .. /:1.

2~28. A$.lurnj~ eledric fleld is K-poiarir:eJ

.... -jw~ ". ....

CD.) t= 'IV' =:. Ch E.1 e 9 fw == a.:r ... • ....

C 1\..'" ... 1\ a&-)o.p)

,1;;::.0. ~ (0.9 J Uf2I) Eo f (r,!} 1,,-) ~ reo. ~ ( 6'

PLF;; I {w ' fD, I;). ==t ! Q:t·6e -j o.~ . ri{4 Il.

sl'l1ce 4;. cC (bse t))Sj25 -t- aj C~SEl sin,0" - o'3si)1 A Q,el ~ -fu,sIYl¢+ 'j CbSJ2f

PlF ~ 'i c (hs'>'S CDS)zi + S(l1~;t)

Cb) when E,,~ c as + j Q% ) Eof ( r. e I~), PlF !s "Iso PLF :: 1. C CD~ Cos)! 1- SPI~)

A llIore jenercJ.. blAt- o.tso "r'I10 re co<Yilf lex, ell:press ton Ch)\ be. derived. c.J~E''i1 the.. Incident

electric. fiel q IS ~ tit e fo rl'l1 §w ,:;:, Co.. d'=t T b 0..; ) e-J -R;S:wh ere a.. h 0. ve re:J. (o».>lro1-h,

It c~lJ.he shown Cl.(,sl, -the SQ:me. pYdCE>cluYE) 'tha.t" . ,/;

PlF ==. ......•.. [ (a. COS 19 CAS"" + hei'11 Q&l'\'l 9')J. + co...sill,¢ -b(o$%) .... ] 2

v.2.Ca. ... + b'l) r

14

2-29

Co.) E ~ G" ± . " ) - j k~ " ...l.. C " ...

_ }II:; '-0 ~ J~) e ::::p. ('IV:::; Ji 0:1: ±. j 0.) )

E -F (II ,1I)f '" -LC" ")

~o. - -1 as -Jo.f4 cr, e)Z)~ ea. == i2: aQ -3 a~

PL F - l../ c 1\ ± . ") C 1\ ,A 1< 'I r » 1'\ ,,"

- 2... Clx J llJ . 6B J a~) .:;; Z l. ax 0.9.±. dro.p)

- j C a~ ~. f 0.'1 D.e ) I ~

(onv:rtll1j -the spJw:.r;c~ unit Vec;t;r.rS to nac:tc"ju.lar"

o.s..tt was dOYle ('t'I Problem Z. zq J leo.Js to

PL F == t ( CoS e ±.I ) ~

cb) Whe'r'1

E ( 1\ ..!\ -)-k~

_)1) = Eo ax:t J ~) e

Eo. ~ E~ (aB i'j o.p)fCr .. Q,)4) -the. PLF lS E"(l.lcJ :.to

P LF =- i ( CoSQ =f J) ~

2-30.

0"1" E: = [ cla CoS~ - dis 6.n~ 0:I59j

-)oJ .I .. . jC¢~-tSiYl~(prre 'f(r)9,$J)

y(o.s~~ + <s1)'I.2P co.s~

Thus e)ol'::::: d'ecQ$@'- 9p.s,'I"t1J1j'COSe

~ (os:"_J$"'s;'f1~~

and PlF:: I{w 'fc..I~===( (CfeCDSf2f-assi'rlpcase). o~l~ ~ c oS ~f3 1- is i Yl )1 (DS"'Q Transforminy tie recta.Ylju!a.r Ul'lit vector ;to ~F'\1er;aJ. usi VI)

a":( = clrSi'rtGcoSp' T as case cosft - QpSIYl,9f

the P l F redl.Lces 1:0 P Lf ~ _C()_s_~...:.e _

cos~ 1- SI Yl7ZJ CoS~

The SCllt1e Q;)'JSl®'" is obi:Q.lrt~ hy tro.nSj"or\'tl;j the sphertccJ. LtYlit VEc:tcY'lS ;tz,

recitl. VT"!a.Y') a.S taos done t h Pro b . .2.. -.<.7.

n ,"

2-31 ;0. ~ (.2cb: ±J ~) f(~ Q,f6);:= ( ;2~ ±) a~ ) {S fer, 9, ~)

(_~ ~::: (a":;d a)) ~ Wave is R~Jh~ Ha.nq (RH)

~~:::. (:la"~,,:j c;)

100 Ul.,,;te)1)IJCl is LH ii'l Y"eCE'ivil1j

f!o ::: -0-4576 dB usl~ tie + slJI "r7Irlole, (Yr1.~ Rt1 j ... "tta.\o1.Sttli"it lltj)

{...L • ( Al1 tenno. is R H ;(j rt:!cei vi'h'1

10:; -10 018 US'I t\~ t"t1e. -S'j v, • J

J 'YI\oc:Je. lMotd LH 1"11 trr...'t1SmitfIJ )

PlF ~ I e: . p: /2.==

( (0 'hii n ued )

15

2-32.

PLf

2-33.

... .» l2.

o~ -+ .) (J.j = 0.1 =: -10.0 caB)

{2

2-34.

(u.) ~ 0. = (tk -+j a,) t:1 e +j ~i: - (a~til)V2.. E.e+jkr

... 1\.... "

~o.:: D.x +) QJ CW

'"G:

PlF :: I ~. e41 ~~ I (a"~a;). ((j~~a)) I ~=. ( _I ----..I~)..--i J.) J. =- 1

PlF = 1 =. 0 dB

(Continuec{ )

16

E~ "E -jk:l: A A

_ = ax 0 e ,eN == ax

E'\ ~ (£lx -t j o.j) 1=1 e ~jlrt~ == (D:x:1:' D.~ lli Er ejk~

~ A ~ J

&.:: ( (Q 1j o.~) Q

A - »: A "(.l.. r..~ to .... .l

e"l - 4Tr e,. Do I fo.· fw :;;: 4.lr Go I Co.' fw 1

At 10 GrH~ ~ A~ E. = 3)(!~~ ~Do;:~.)

:f IOXI?':::' ~.= 3XI()-~

o /010

<qo'::' fO :: 10 JOJloGo(diIM) ~ qo(dilt1)': 101= 10

Aew. = ;; Go Ie" 'f:" I\:: l3XIO-~).l.. CIO) I a~· (a~ + )' dj)} ~

4TT .rz

-4 -~ ~)

=: 'j' X 10 (10' (.1..) = 9xIO (1.): (o. f(1 6.2 X 11)3 )(2.

411" './ 2. 4.11" z.

Ae'(n = o.5S-8IXI·O~ m-l.

(b) PT = AeM W~:. (O.35g1XIO-3)('OXIO~)=3.58IXIO-6 watts PT':::' d. 581 X 10-6 wa.tts

2-36. t;o.. = (:lQx ± j aj )Ee-j ~

... '" ....

~~:: .2 ax :t; 0;

.f5

~ ,,~

(()" ) .§w == (h Ew ~ ew.:::. a.:t

PlF:. 16v·(o.l~~ \ ~I~==: ~~ o·B=-o.'T6?1 dB

2-35.

( 0.)

cb) 51V :::. dj Ew =9 e~ ~ ~

PL.F c I e~' ~I L:; I rsl)..==; ~ = O.-Z= - 6.~8911 dB

17

2-37 (c;.) Fy;:;;: Ej + E;' ~ -3 (OS wt T 2 (bSW;t- = 5 cos-wiEx == E: + E; .:;;: 7 ccs (c..l.t+ f) + '3 coscwt - r)

= -7 Sin Cot +3s1Y) 4Jt =: -4 S'IVI cutAR ::. 2. == 1·.:25

4

Cb) At wt::. o, E;. 5 a.j

r/'" A

A -t wt;:~.z. "* E = -4 ax :; Rotation t\'l CC W

238. ((}.) PLF = .i. IVldepe.ndent of If ~ mv.d:' ha.ue. cp

.'. AR:::1,

c.b), PClo.ri~a_{ (On wi II be 911iptico..l (V lth rno..jor OXlE'S a.l(J'fle4 with X -o..x is,

3\.tESS '. AR,= 4

"

verify: fw =- (2Q.x -t-jo.~)/..f5

Pl-F = I (w . ~I:L = I ~ (Os.:h,.+ jsin1f I :J..

'0/-:=0 : PLF= 0.8

1j) -::: ~o": p u= :: 6, 2

4 (pS'Yf T s i h ~y '6'

PLF =- 0

Polo.rt-lCi.-tIOh mud be. Q'Vlec..r lOit'h thoi a.Vl31e of 45° ,', AR = co

18

2-39.

2

z: --:;2:::::..- __

( 50-+ .l + 7..3) "'"" j (~5 -+ 4..2 ,S)I.24 +367.5

== (12.442. - j 6.7724) X 10-3.:: 14 ~! 66 X 10-3 L.-.28S6°

R,j~50 X~=:2S

~

Rr:::73 X ::42.5

(0..). Cb).

Ps =iRe (.~ .. IjAto) == Re (1'<.44< +J 6.L17.24) X 103;;: I~ -442 X 10.3 W Pr:=; 'i I ~ I:" Rl.. .:;:. 7. .szsx 10-3 W

PL.:=' =i I IjJ .:tf(l -= C.{QO,3 X !C.3 W

(c).

The rernru n i ~ Su pp'; e d po we)"";-3 cJiss; po..t-eol. as h eQ.'t" en ;t-h e resIstor Gf the ~rero,:tm"J or

P, ::. f fJjl..t. RJ = 5,O{69 x to-Jw

Thus

Pr+PI..;-'~ ;::: C7-3J_'S+ 0./003 +5.0169))(IO-3~ f.2.44.2-2.XIO-J.::B.

The ,rnpeol":nce -tro..»Sfer e~ uc.tioYloj z., .::: s; [ rL +3 Zr; :W.'fH-ki) J Zc:. + j lL. ta:n c-k.t) .

reduces for }.. = Aj <:.::t"o %, ... = 2 L

The refD re the eq!Ai val e\'l t- load i -mpeknce at :the. :term i n.J.s of *'" e :rne"f"b..tor IS the Sa:m e as tho..t- for Prob I e'Yrl ~. 3 ~ .

Thus title Su.pplied_, r~o.iteJ.) o.r.n"'clls& i pa::teol powers are -t\1Q mme as those. of Probl e'"»\ .a . .3 'f.

(0.)

241.

(100) ~ ::. 50 + j~O

10000

(50 -jSo) :;;; /00 -j(OO Jl..

5000

13

2-41. (coni 'cl) I,j ~ 10 _ 10 z: 0.05546 L33.7° A

150--jloo 180.3L-33.'7°

Cb) Ps = ~ Re lVj Ij":r ':: fX{o)<O.05S4-6·X (bSC33·7°) == 0 . .131 W

(c) PA = ± fIj/2. Re{ r:hf ~ tx (0.0 5546).J..X 100 == 0.1538 W Pr,,"d= ec~ PA = 0.'1'6 X 0.1538 =0.148 W

2-42.

Go.in =

ga.ln =:

~ije.,( qa.il1

Pa.vo.i lable

P Q. \IQ.; 1 a.lIle P~cceptt'>oI.

Vs~ ~

I (VS) J. v..l.

P('i.l/o.ilo:ble ~ '2 \If' ::. s

s; 4 r-"

VCX) == A (e-j~:C + reo) eyitx )

.I. O(J:::: h.. (e-jkx _ rCo)e j«x.)

v (0 ) ~ ~o ( I + r ( 0 ) ) Fij 1..

Ico):::: ~ (( - r(O»)

F rotn Fij.1 j - v~ + .I(o) Zo 1- Wo) = 0

-Vs + ~(I-r(o») ~o + A (I t rCo))= 0

ro

- Vs + fit - A reo) + A + A r(Q) ::= 0

2A =:Vs ~ A.=: ~

Pdccepte-d. == Re [ V(O) r.~o) J Wo)::::. '{: (1+ nO})

L(o) :::: zV:oC I - rco))

rCo) = ~il'l -ro

-2: i )OJ "t :.e- "

(Continu<=,<>1 )

20

2-42 .C Cont 'd)

= ~ (I + Ri~+jXi\1 -'co) Rl'l'l +JX\ ... + ~t>

'::: ~ ( Rll'1+"IXi'l'1+ Co + l<i"rl-t:iXih -ro)

V: (0, ") Rl"ll -tj'Xi" -+ z ,

Wo) = 5 1'-('1'1 +J XI'"

RIll i"j Xi.,,;.ra

lLo) :;:; . Ys (( _ l!i ... - ro ) ~ Vs ( ~;~ + ~o - ~i'wl -+ b)

2~o Z,..., ;. ~o 2.~o :li" -+- ~o

I(o);;:.~ ~ __ V_s---,-_

i!i"l + fo

Rill l' J Xi .... T ;to

Re. [V(o) I(O)J =:. /?t-[ Vs ~lll +j vs~r,~ )( YS. , J

02. R1'1I"+7loTJXrlll Rill-tito-jXi"'l

Po.ccepteo{ =:. Re ( Vs (R,,,, -tJ X j ... ) ) '= Vs l.. tz i \1

(R;.,,+~ .. )~+X~..... (R''l1+4)"'''i- X'i~

vi" 4.ro

vs~ R.iYl

_ (R;~"":lo)~+ x;-", 4-leo R;~

(Ril'l-t?O)1+ Xi~

~~43. (0.) Rb == Rh5 ( .2.-90b ) ~ E ~V

(c)

eat (2-'10 )::: RI" Rio. + Rr

Cd) 2:L- ::: ( Rio + R1,,) +j Xil'l ::::: (0. ·2.H'd.2. + 0.004-415) + j X; \-1

::::; 0.2.2.37 +j Xi .....

)<1'1'1 c, - !~O i'n d./()..) -1 ;;; -1<0 [In (~) -I J

*0:" ( .kJ!) *0.'11 (.211' ~) .

7\ 60

-_ -/"0' [ 1·2040 - I J

... :::: -.<3". e80{;

0.{051

( COrlti nued)

21

2-43. (COTrl;ld) _ . _ :L- CC ::::. (o.22d?-JZ3.z.88061-50 =- o.~916

I rl- CL + Zc. (0 . .:2..<3'7 - j .<3-2.8506 )i- so

VSWR = I + I. rl =. 1 -t- o. ~"96 .::: 5,07.1.89 ...._ S.o7z :::=: 00 I - III 1 - D.1'196

2-44. Rudio..ttot) Efficiency ofa dipole

Iz(r) =10 (DS[; l/]) -14 ~ Z/~ (,/2-

H~ (r::: n)/ .:: .Io CbS [ ~e ]

. at the surJll.ce .2:"'Q

A ds = Cldjl'd" '" d;ff~rent;.,1I,atch of a reo. . o dW 9 power loss '"to -thIs patch.

dw.=: f IHp- I ~ Rs o.d.l1d~

("time o,\loS') @-Rs ::: Si<IVl ResistaVlce )

d W ;:::;(. . .Io ) ~ R~ CosJ.. (. '!!'lJ·· a.d~dr

. <nil <. -.i.

W (tct~{ lo~) ~fJJ:1I::t..rr .To :....Rs Cos J.. [ Tl Jo. drtdc

-J/l.J.!3;:o 81T~a:t

W Io,:j; R· 1112. . ~ -r IT' ] d .r, .l..l:Rs I

'= - . ·z:no.· 5 Cos Tl- . ~ . .::: -_ -. _ -'r

8rrl.o.... -~!J.. -. 4l[ a.

=. ~ Io'l.Rl

I ! R.s RL. :: z 2iQ:

2-45.

o < s ~ 45° 45°< e :S; ?a(l <[0° ( 9 ~ 180(1

22

2-45.( CDnt'd.)

.l. . /+50 /190<>

;:;_t [21fJ[-COse +4IC-COS£l) J

? 0 ~o

Cb)

RaJ = 'r~ (0.5428 V ( 2iTT) /1011. ;;: 361 l'f 3 Pro.cl =. t I If'Rr ::. I IrYrts I ~ Rr

-=1 R.,. = '.36.193 - a 6, 193 z: 1,447.72..

25

{Ims 1.l..

2-46 f =. IS6MHi- , 7\ = 2 WI

... I Tn dipole is ~ iYl elec~r-i(J .le}lj~ ~ Rl'"= 'l3..n.. ,ei'l'l ~ 73+ )42.5 a.

0.. ICLl'lt::; Vs . ~ tJ. 7£6- L -IB}'i A

5O+73to.~ ~42.S"

h. Pc1iSSip = PL.OSS = i llo."t tRuss :::: 181' 'MW

C Pro.c.l ==! IIantl~Rr =21.36W

23

2-47. USh13 e9~(i.tion C.2.-?L/..)! thQ effective Gpertureof an a.nienna

(a.n be written a.s

Ae =. IVr 11.·RT

2. W;. l2'tl ~

Def ; n i cr -the effecllve J.e. Yl3th J e 0. S

At!;: f RTJ.e~ 9 ~ ~ =: j Ae.li:t/).

I Z:t 11. 7[ RT

I lUhere.

foV'tlnXil'llUIYl power bnrts:{er a.net Joss\ess o.nfenno. C RI.::=o)

XA:::: -XT. 'Rr =. RT :;. I~",I ::: 2Rr =2RT

Thus £e = l"~ ~~T· ; z.!Ae';/<T _ = 2. .p~'"~ Rr

2-48. Aerrt -::: 2.1A.'7 = (~). ecd . CI-lrl~J' I {w . ea.1 ~ Do

f=

.'. Do '= 2.147 = 3 ... 1.2.5

~; [C l-lo.2)1.]

2-49 WI. ~ 10-3 W/m.a.

Aerrt =. ~D

AliD r

l\.. = c ~ 3XlcB .;: 0.03 m :=..3 XIO-~ 11'1

f lOx to'

Aem::::. (3 x (O-.a.) ~ 100 ~- 9')( Irr-+ • (10 D)'=:: f).'l16x, oJ..= '1- (oX 10-3

A.TI 4.lf

Pr'f>c =IC)~ (J)t.IO-~) -== . 9;< 10-s =: OJ716xlo-!S = "./6 X /06 Wafu

41't -4lf

Pre-c =: 7· (6 x Ic;6 Wo:tt-s

A - 7\2. - I\.~

elh - 41r c\ Do - 4Ir~o

a . Go::: 14.8 dB =* Go C power ra.tio) .:;:. to 1·48 ==: 30.2 f :;:: 8. 24-ttt '9 7\.=.3.6585 ('hi

Aem::: (3.6585) :2.. (30. z) = 32.16'7 c",. ~

4Tf· .

The ph,S1fo.l Qpertuve is ~LlQJ to Ap = 5· S (14) =40. (7 c....,., l.

b G ...:.,. .) 1·65' D, e

. :reo =:, 16·5dB -r ~o (polUer ro..t(O '::::./0 ==- ~.66

t::: /0. 3 ql-l~ ~. l\. ;.2. '7/.2. (1'VVl

Aern == C'<.~~.2)2 (44.668) :::; 30 ,(42 (1l11~

C Gro = IB.O dB => Ge. (power ra.tio)::::: IOI.S=: 63.096 f = /.2·4 GHe => i\_=~-419 C'1n

Ae.l1I == (2-419):1. (63,fJ96) ::::'.29.387 CI')'YI~ 4rr

2-51. CTo..in::: 30dB, f..::=. 2.CT~C I p~ = 5W

Re-ce lui n, anrenno, V S W R ::: 2 ~ e ff ic; ensv .: 95 Yo

ER::: (;2fu: + j ci')) FR (S)fI)} Use Friis t-rnnsmiss(on forrmLIo.. (.2 - 118) Pr = p, eCdteldr (1-1f11.).)C I -Ilrl~) (:rrR)J. Dt(StJf1d.[)r(er,0 r )· PlF

-(4

PI" =: 10 W, e(dt~ 1 ( we assume thctt); ecd.r ;:;;: 0 ,~5, I-I n \.l. ~ 1

Since VSWR = 2 .=} I rr-I = f VS r?-I .-= 3-=L ::: 1- . (I-I rr I J. ) :: 8/,

s VSWRtl .2.""'1 .. )

A::: ;:~~, = O.ISl1l.> R;:.4oo0 Xl()~m I

hence (4'}\p)~== (0.)5 ·3).l.::;8.9X10I8

.lI'." 4-Jr. AOOOKIC

D*" -::: 30dB ~ 103, PL.F => (et: k ( ~ -j ~) =9 I Pt· ~tl "'::; 0.1

ler = * (.2&t ~jti))

~ IO-#- ::: 5 (1-) (o.1j5) (1) (1-7 (8·9 x (018) (I o~) Dr (0.1)

Dr ;:;: ,,(.661

He't1ce Aem::: .411':l. 2·66/ :;;: O.Q04.1J61rJ.J..

2-52.

2-53

2-54

u ce.¢) :: [COS4(9) I o 1

A - ",.J..

eM - A.ll' Do

Do::: 4rr U WID.)'

PmJ v

zrr IT ( b. 5; rr/2..

Pro.d :::: fo ( U(& J~) sine ded,0' ~ .21l' 10 Cbs4(B)sil1ede ~ 2li [- ~ e ] 0

Prod = 2rr(-o+ ~):::: ~ J

n =:. 4lT UYIlO.,r _ 4fT ( ( )

Vo . - ~ to

pro.d .l.lt/s

A~Ytt = "l..D = 7\}- _ 10':\2.. 8

4TT I> -·(0 - - 7\.::: 3)(10 = 3 x: (0-.2 ::;. 0.03 YI'I

AIr 4TT 1 1010

A~TrI = 10 (0.03) L 10. (3 XI 0.01") ~ 10 (9X 10-4) ·-4

;:: .:::::' ='7./6f'l7x(r.J

4TT 4« 41T r:

Aem. = 7.16(9'7 X 10'4.

0.,

\ s-tntus mile = 16o~.3 meter, 2:!)300 (stQ;Nsrn·des)=3.S8S7d71CIO" ..

Pi =. Pr",~ _ 8 x 10-1+ _ -16

41TR2.. -47rx(3.S'88'7f')- 4.<T43XIO Wa.ttS/n14,

b

Ae'rl'l =

A~m == 0.7/62 'fI'l2. .1.

:I.- " ....

Ae'rr\ =- (~teccl(I-III.l,) lew·f~I·Do

De::: AeVVt r - ryE-50 -

(~r·(J-ln~) , - 75+50 - 0.2.

Do::: o. '7/6 Z

-if (l-Io.<)~)

Do:::' 1.0417

26

2-55.

Pr == W~Aevr. ==w~ecd(I-lrj~)(~;l.)Dc>1 fw'~I:L

w~ .:::: S w/",,~ ~ ecct = 1 (!:,ssleS's) I r.c:: ~il1 - io -== 73-50 = 0 18'1

~i.,-t- to 131""50 .

7\.. = 3xI08 - D. -

IOXI06 -30m) o-2.156dB= 1.643 , PLF=l

Pr == (S)C 1)( I - (0. t8'7)~) ( .f~ ~) (I. 643)et) = 567.78 Watts.::: Pr Pr = 567.78 ~

2~55

p, (A)~

Pt = 4ITR qor Got I CTOr =G-ot = 16·3 '9 c:ro (power rc;..tio) =42.66

f::: 10 ~H~ ~ A =0·03 meters,

P"t ::: :J..OO m watts =. 0 . .2 wa.tts

a.. R;;::5m.' p,...::: [~(~)]l.{42.66)~co.~):;::e2.1')lWr.dts b. R =- Sam : Pr =:: O. 8l~ ..u W4.-tt-s

C R = 5llO m : Pr:= 8: 21" n Watts

The VSWR. ~s no-t Yleede~ beCQl.(se. the TIt'! Was 3iven .

2-57. p ....;...l.]\. J.

p: == let' fr I (4lr~_) (1-01: Gor

Gr"t =-.2.0 dB .q Get (potu€'r ra.tlo):::: IOl..:::: 100 Gror = 15dB 4 Gor (power m:t-io) = 101'5:61.623

f = 1 ~Hi =.> A= 0 . .3 meters

R ~ I X lc3 'meters

a. fOt" lei- . ~rl J.= 1

P -=. (~).l..(lOo)C~I.623)(150)(ID-3)::: .27{)·34lf._A Watts

r .(.If;( to~

b. Wh-en trnYlSWlitti, ClYlteYl'OClS is clycu14r!J polar-;teol. a~q YPCe.iui\1j o.Y1tevwlO. Is tna:..r~ pol.a.rli-e.c,c the PLF i s ~wJ. -to

let· er I ~ = I (ax ~ ~'J- a~ I ~ ~ ±

Thus Pr = :!. (2'l() .344 )(106) == /35.P72xIQ6 ::. t3S.I17..2,fLWatt-s

27

2-58. l essless : ecd := 1) pola.riio.tioYl rno.tcheJ : lew' po.l.z.::: 1)

tine mo:khed. : (I -1r'"1.l..) = .1

Do =- ..20 dB .:=. to:l..:: 100 = Dol'" = Dot

Pr:: Pt (~t DGt Dor:: 10 (4~50i'J~(IQO}CIOO);Z: 0 . .253 Watts Pr :::- O. 253 Wo.tts

2-59. Lo ssless : ecc.l=i, PLF:: 1. QiVie matched: ([-Wl"I").::1.

De. =- 30dB =103.:: (000:::: Dor :::.Do-t

p\" ;:: p*, L4;-/Oo A) \ 1600 ) ~::: 20· ( 4~ t 10 0;;: 1.2 .665 lUlits

2-50

2-61

Gor:;:: .20dB:;:: 100, Got::: .25" dl3 c: 316.23. 1\:= 3.l(IO~ ::: D·I rn ..

3)(10 .

Pr :: Pt' \e~' Pr ro. (~R r Gor' Got:: 100· (1l·lii;~)500 r'OOO) (316·2.3)

-:::. 8x 10-4 wo.tts = Pr

f =ICC,H1! -'t-l\:: 3,)(.108 = 0 03 rtI

I to to .

Got = Gor :::: ISdB ;::: loL'5:;::: 31.62

R;;: 10 -R'hl :::: to 4m

PI'" ~ len W = to-a Vi

........ .1. . ...L

IPt ·pr I :: -3dB ~ 2..

Friis Trd.YlSm.;SSloY!. Equcrl-ioYl:

Pr ( »: ) .1. .. 0'\ 1\ I.z.

Pt =:. Grot· ~or" 411"R . '1. f-t' fr \

= (ID'·5)"_. (0.03 )~ (.1) = 2.8Sx toU

4l1" x I 04 :2.

Pt - 2.:;XI011

p, ~ 10-8 W -7 (pt )mlh = 351 'N

2-52.

p.. D (7\.).l..

--p:t =. "'P. e.t e r- Dot 0 r 4lf" R

::: (-p) (ert·ecc{t)(err,ecdr) (;R)~ Dot' Dor

~: =.cl)Cert·(1))(err-·{1.)) (";R)~ Dot'Dor

7\. =::: !::. =- 3 XI08 :; 3m R. = lOX 10l:::: 10+,

f 108 ~

()\. ) ~ ( 3 ) l. (.3 _.J.. ( -4) .4 . 9 Q - ~ - 8

41rn. := 4rrx[c4 :::: 411 X re 4) = o. ~87 X 10 = 5.6 1)(10 XIO

C~R)2;.::. 5.699xIO(0

ert z: err:= (1-IM.l) = (I-I 13.3 -50 ·1.2.) ;:: ( I _/..2...3,3 I"")

'73.3 +s« 123.3

.:: (I - (0, ~9'7 r) := ( t - 0 ' 035? ) :::. c. 9643

ecc.it :::. eccfr = 1

Dot =. Dor :: I· 643

~~ ~ (o.964-3t( f· 643)2( S.6,'1;< 1010) ==(D,Y.2.Y87){.2. 6Y't) (5.6'9)(10"°) = .2.51- C 5·6J9x It;IO) == 14.30 s x rclO

p. - P,. QO -.2. 10 6) ~

t -14.305XIO-IO=6.rrXID x{O (/xlD =6·rjxIO =.6'f9.

Pt =. 6<f9 WQ~S

2-63. Pr _ { J'.. ),1 _ 3 )(l08 _ 3)( l08 = .L

Pt -\...4ifR '~ot'Gor ~ 7\.- 9.)(l09 - 90X(08 30

R = 10) 006 'meter == l~,;~OoO jI...-::. ,3 X lOS r:

p, :::. [ ?\ J.~ (i '= 10)(l06 = (06

--P:; 4lT (3 XI05 A) 0 ( 0

~o:t == lo-6(4rrX3X(Osr~"

Go ::: to3(.4IT.x3XIO~)=I:2lTxtO~::::I~oorr

Go ::. 1.200 IT :::.3) 761.1'1 :: IO~~ 10 (3,'161·9/) dB

2- 64 If' = na.~:::: .25 l[)..J....

. , 1·63

Got =. Gor = 16.3 dB ~ Got ( power n:aho),= 10 ..:::. 42.66

f ="lOGHl; ~ J\ ~ 6.03 \'Vl

Pr =- « Got' GO'l" ( " ) ~

Pi 41T 41i'R,·R,

0.. R, = R4 :: ..200 r; == 6 meteors;

R ::. .l5'lr']\.~- (4.2·66) ~ ['A ]~ (0 . .1.) =: 7-()O jI) wa-tf-s

r - 4lf 47T(.lOOA).I.

b. RI :::. R2 ::: 500 i\. ~ 15 'l'rtf?ters :

Pr = 0.23 Y/ waits

R = P- s Got· <:Tor. [7'- ]~ '"A::::.. 3x(OB =: 0 6

r 't 41f 4lf'R1.R2.' f" 5XI09 .0 'n1

Pr = to !i. (3)' 150:t. [0. d 6 ] 2.

Alr 4lT (106 )

Pr:' I. ~2 X lo-a Watts

r.GrOl"'·G-ot.[ 'A- J2.~o::. Pr-'41T [4TrRI'R1]1..

4lT 4Tf R,R:I.. Pt(for-'Oot 'A.

3Xl08 = \ ....

3 x.. 1 06

O.14.2SXIO-3(4l[) [41T(SOO)(500)1.L;: 314=<')11.2. ~ I"

tooo (75)(75) 1.

2-65.

2-68. Pr _
Pt -
7\::.
.. 0:.
2-£7.
I:::. Pr' 4lr [4W:. Rz.. ] 2-

Pt 'GO'l" ~o~ 3X 108

!XI08 ::.3m

0.01 . (41(') [4JT' (700)('100)J.). =- 7'1-, 1I'f.5 m.2.

1600 (75)( 75)...3 '

2~68.

P.,. I" "I ~ ( »: ).l.

Pi: = I?i:' PI" . 47rR Got qol"

Clot == 2(J dB -+ qot :::. IO~ .:::. 100

C;or ":; ISd8 -?> Gor = 10,.5.:::.31,6,<,3 f :::. I C1H ~ _" l\. ==0.3 meterJ

R = 103 meters

a.) FDr PL F :0.1.

P ( o. 3 ).l.

r::: ~l (100)(3/.62.3)(150) == .270.3JtI,.!~Wa:tt-s

b) PlF == r (tC:l:1 a~ ) , o,~ 14 = t -7 p, -= )J10~3'1-'I- /.I. Wa.tt-S = 13S.17:YLWalts

e: tor a.lIY ot~eY' Q.in€'ct)", pojeU"iteJ uni.t lIed,or

2- 69. tf =. 0.85 A. ~

Pr::: ~. Q01: '40r ( 1'- ).a. 13 .s I"'

Pt 4lr 4lT R.·R..l. C W I; r

1'::: 0.95 x- I Got ::: Gor :: IsclB => Got =: q-o r- .::: 31·6 '<'.l8 (dlt1lel1.s.iol'lles;) I? I :::: R:I.. :::: 100 nteter '* Rl ::i Ra..: L 000 ?\..

f":; 3C,.ij~ ~ J\::::. 3XI08 - 0 1 t

-~, - . 'bI E' erS

03 )(10

I ..... "1.2. I" "I.l.

flY' fr ::::.1. dB ~ ew' f-r ::::. O.1791f..3

0.85 ?I.~. (31.622.8 )~ ( ]\. ).2... (0.179'1-3)

4Tr 4lf)( 1067\4

== 0.85 (31. 6 ~8).2. ( 0. '7943) := 0.34£0,", X. 10-12- (Alf)3 (/Ol~)

H .. :::: 34,02. pWo:lts

31

-2t1<l -,Lo( t)

To. = TA e + To C I - e

TA == 5 oK

To ;:: 7'z°F:. i Ul2.-3.z) + 2'73 = sss. 2. °1<-

-4dB ;: -<0 ~oa'o eo( =: - 0( (2o)~od to e = - 0{ (.20) (0.434)

01... =: e~68 ::: o. 460 Nepers/1ooft == 0.0046 N!ft . a t = .z feet;

Tn. ;: 5 e- .. UO.Oo46)2 i- .295.2. (, - e-.l(O.o046)Z] ~ 4-?1 T 5.~B = (0, -l.?0l<

b, Q'= [00 feet j

To. ;:: 5eJ.(o. 0046) 100+ .29.5 .. .2 [I _e-«O.oo46) too ] ::::; 179. 7.:l ok

2- 71 _.cd.2 Q({~) d~ d - f,d :Zl)«(i!' )di/

Te = TA e 0 + fa 6a~) TlI)(t) e ~ eli:

If o«(~): 01.0 :=. Co~stal'1t ~ ol ~

Ta. = TA e-..zt4d -+ [l)cAe{~) TIJf(~) e-.l.0(0 Ccl-1?)ot c

2-70.

To. :=. TA e-.2.t4cl ~ e.2o(ocl (. d GCt)T",(io) e ... ..l.o(o~ al t

If TlI'Il2-) == T<> = CO'nsia:nt aYl~ fC?) = Ell> ::::; ('c'I'I.sb::l'nt To. = TA e~o(oc.{+ eo To e.2cfoJjod.e.2.t(Oi'J1!

-~~ I

To. ,TA e + ~ T e..zOC•d c e~Od_1)

.2.{)(o l<>

Fot' Go =- 201.,.

Teo.:::' TA e-l.olod -t To e .loCo J ( e .Jc( .. !_ i) :. TA e.2dDJ + To ( 1- €.). 0(0 J )

3-1.

If ~e = j wE V X Fe

Maxwell 'oS cLlrl e~u(itio~ \f X £"e ::: jUYJ Jje Ca.n be c.uriitert Q.S

V x £e ==. j~ ~e :::; j~(jwe sr« 1Te) -=Cr..l7€ V X!fe

or

'V X ( ~e -w/«S Ire) == \l x (§e - -k:"'rre) ;;: 0 c.>h ere k\;:: f.U?G

Ietti'1lJ . .

;e _.#{.l Fe ~ - '1CPe ~ §e == - 'i7¢e. T k'" ~ e

To.k.ij t-he Cu.r 1 of (.1) a.'I1~USiYlj the vector rde\ll"ti:_y of 5Jua.t-io'rl Cd-8) J..e<lc/s to

'7)( tie =-jWE'V >Cil x ITeo :: JW€ ['V C v ~e ) - v.:t !.re J Usi-ry Mo.xwell's ~u,a...t"(OV'l

'¥X tie ==J + JCJJE §e

J1;.dLCeS (;3) ~o

J + jWf! §~ =- Jwe [vev· Fe ) - sr- If e J

Suhstituti'j (.2-) ('VIto (4) ~ce.s to

V~ ITe- + ~!Ie ~j tIe. + [V (goo TI""e) 1- \1¢t! J i.ettl~ ¢e ~ - '¥. ""[e s4'''''p1.i. fir:>s (5) to

~ 7i . 1~.:a... '""" _ ~ J

\I ~e + 1'( !! E' ....,; Ji;).("

a:nd (~) i-o

.eEi' =: VC'V ·Fe) 1- Ie Ire

G""'po.r i j (6) u>i th (3 - 14) 1eo.r.Ls to i1le rek.ctioVl

"!Ie =j ~" .~

3-2. If.Em ~:)'7 VX!f.."

Mo.xwett)5 cu.rL ~l.A.dtlon VX !j.1ft = JWG Er>'I CAY\. be. written as vxt_ll'i\:::: jWG(-j~ "i/X IT.,.,.) :: u)?6 'ilX:rrlM

Or.

\f x (t;t", - w;.u E- IT"I'II) =: "Ix ( tiM ~-k.l If,..., ) .:: Q whe r-e

Letti.."q

-...J ti~ -.f?~IT"",';:· -'V¢-n, ;;} HI'>') == - \if/;....., -t- k~.ffl'>:l

(Continued )

33

( 1)

(~)

(3)

(5)

(6)

(8)

(:1)

(<.)

3-2 (Collt'd)

To.~inj the curl: of (1) a~ USihj "the vector icleYlti!'y

of E1IAC4tio)1 (.3-8) .QeoJ.s to

yx SII1 =; j~ '7)( 'V x !fy" .::: -:i? [V C'v·]Jv.,) - '12. TrW! J (3)

UsiYlj t"1o.X'we 11 's f:?9 uCt.Tio h

'¥XEm =: -t1-J~.t!.m re~uces (3) ;to

-M -j,?Hm s: J''o/''[\7(Y']"m)-V-2IT"1) Substjtl.(ti~ (:J.) into (4) 'reduces t-o

V:t ITm + ~J. IT)}) .;;: j ~ + [\] ('V' EM ) + <y~ J il?+t:ij ¢WI;::: - \/.]"''1'11 Si»1ptfies (5) -to

Y'~.rr~ + -k~1f1'l =: j ~

alld (.l) 'to

HIt\ =: "7 (V· IfM) + -k:trr~

CO~~rIYlj (6) wiih (3 -.25) lerds:to ~e re1a;t-ZoY!

!ftll ~ -j~ E

;:;:j·kr

" ,,~

8 = al A'il = ali C 1 r

(~)

(6)

3-3.

Substitut;r.j the ",bove (",:to (3-34) J.eoJ_s to ih~fo).LaliliYlj ier'l'l'lS;

ol~;I1 at d ei~1' _ 0( _' e)kr _eJ-Mt"J

. rJr:l :::: err- [ (E: C C1 T ) J - C I err [ yk. r r a,

-)ltr -jkr -jitr ej.fotr

;;:: C, [ (jk)~ ~ -+ 3k ;~ -jk ~,,_ +:2 r~ J

.2 dAo, _ .:2 C C _. k e-Jkr _ ej·kr)

I ctr -- r I J r- r 1-

~ ~ e-jkr

* A~ I ::: it C. ---r-

The sum of the. "bove thme terms is e£fucJ. -)::0 -:Zero I and It So..tisfies (3-34)

The s a.me Co nd IA sie \'\ (S deri vee! L{IS i,., q

~ "-;'lcr J

d =: u~ A~.2.::::: a,l Cl..~

as Q. Solu.tioYl

3/j.

3~4 The solt£tioYl of \l~At::: )AJi! Can be rnferred ::froYl1 the

solutioV'! of !=hisson's Eiua.tioYl

V:l.¢:::: - i. (,1)

E

for the fX!t-ent;cJ ¢. r (x~ ~ ~ i-I) represents i:he charje dehSLry

We bejin with Qree'r18 theorem

S (tV;);¢- ¢vl.lf)dVI={; C7f\l¢'-¢'V'f)·Ada.. (.2.)

v ~

where. -zr aYld 95 aye well behaved _fUhctlonS C nOl'l&';~IJt!a.\'"J CO)l'lti Y1UO I.LS~ and twice cLifferenii.:J,leJ. For V we select q $oJutcon c;;J -t:l1e form

where

(3) (30.)

By consider i'njihe chaje. aJ;- i.he or~ IJIl oJ the coorciirlClte Sjste-m ...

It ca.» be snOWIrl khat- Cprnvid~ r-#o)

V:!_Zf' =:: ~ ~ ~r (rl. ~ ) +r~1; nt> ie(Sins ~:) + ~~ 6i~~8 t~ z. ~ V:t(~) =0

Thus (2.) rec.{.uce>s i-'o

i 'if. :l.. d 1- - j_.1 ec.x~ ~~ t') dv'"

7d.v- E r

~. ~ . v .

G4)

To exciu.cJe :the r = 0 s;V13uktr;~of -zp) i:he observatioY\ po 1'1'.-1;-

x: ~ I) r I is su rreu V1d eJ by 0. sp here of rClGt us r Io.ncl surfa.ce .E. I, Therefore the voluJol1Q V is bou.ndeol by the su.1a.ces I a;nd ~~ ard C.2) is bro.~eh l"tIm two 'l1.tejrols ; one over.L d'YId -the other of 2: '. Usi)\j (4) reduces C.i) :to

-i i Xdvl =" (1(' V'?' - ¢ V »» n cia. +!' (7./'\7 ct - cpq 2f' )- t) do.. (5)

II r ~ ~o

3S

3-4 .CCo)\t>d) Sl't1ce 1·.1' is a~bitro~) .(t Ca.n be chosen small enwjy.

So thcd ¢ D.nd. ~~ are esse\'ltial~ CDn.$iaYrt- a:l:everJ polYlr 0)1 .2:.', If we ma-ke r" proJYE:'ss~lIeiY smo.lI sr, ~ a.nd its ~or'll1a.O derivo.ttue approach -their limi ti)J3 volues a.r .the (enre reb J hypotilesi s, both eXist-

a.n~ are Con-tinu.olLS ,fuYlciioYls of positioYl). Therefore l'rl t-he limit

as r'_,. 0 l both Cb.n !:€·:ta.ken out,s"lde *he I')'}t-ejra..l a:nc{ we. Ctl.n write thQ.t §.

C'lfVtp-~ "'1f). ndo.. == -4rrt.p(.~:)d!t-)

"L'

(6)

SI'fICe

J.. -i'm .1,.£ ... d¢ d",=. !i VIII ~ (~_ .) _ £. _ do. = tlVl'1 ~ Ca¢) _ C4·TT r , ... ) =0

t',.o r j,J:1 er- r/-?o r car r:,r/~, r40 r at" r=.\""'

Su.bstitutinj (6) IVlto (5") rpdu.ces it to

c;e:XJ~' r) ~ 4Ae Sv fdv1 T 4i §2: [tv¢ - 9'>9(7)J n do. (?)

Tnefirst term en the r'jh-t side OJ C7) aO:Ouhts :for ~e Co~tr;blAt"iolo1.s }rom "i11e cta:~s within z.. while iJ,e S€(bnd :term ,fOr -those otLtslde I..

ExIXlY\3io YI oJ 2: to i l'Id!.de cd I chu\jes '(YIo.~es the seCbn d ter'Yl1 ;to Va YI ish aVId *0 reol~ce ('7) ko

1 .. re(X~t~i')_1 I ¢CXJ ~, -r)= 4rr€)\1 r 01 V

By co~paY;l1j 'V~Al:= ..:t«J~with (1.) we cnY) "-'rite :thcd:

Ai eX,:L~) ~SV JiC::C~ ~ ')~") Jv"

Jot> l'More det"o.; Is see D.7. paris Q'i101 F K. Harc:C Basi c E:led:roYl1~ nfl'-tic Theov;~) McG-ro.w - Hill} (96'() pp. I~B -131.

(8)

(y)

for tn~ deto.ils of -the .sot\..fttoYi of (3-31) see

R.. E. CbU in} Field Theor~of ~'tqeJ Wa.ves) Me. 9ro.u)-Hilt , 196'0 I pp. 35 -3'1. It C4Y1 be &i1own ;tt,a:;t-

BeCo.MSe oJ the JeYl9th of the derill,,:HoYl~ it will not he repeated here.

36

3-5. f: ~ [ Or A;(G,jZ) + de AsCe,fJ) T deA~(81~) ] e~wr~. ~ -jw~ -j u?~ VCq·A)

1.1) =: 1 aC .>.A·) I d (' [ . aAgr

T V' fj = "f"i. dY r r. - tSrne J&lie Sma) + roSins C)9l

, -jkr. ~dln[ ] -jkr

1f' = V·/j :::: Jk ~ +.,..:.." •. ". + eY'3 [ .••• , ] +

\I ( V' A) ;:: v 2f' ;:: cirdyJ + ti _ _l ~ ~ + ellA -L-.. . . e!f>

- . or ""-ti r 09 . r: t-8in9 ~

-= ay {.1.[_ a., -j k.r-A " J I [ I

Y' W)l4Ee . rce,Y') + r~ .: " ] -t?3 [ .•.• ] + .. J

+ aAs { f( 0) + ~~ r . .. ] + ~3 l : . .. ] 1- I

~ ciP { : (0) + r~[ .... J + ri [ .... J + J

Thel'f'fo"re

E ~ -jw8 -5 ~ V ('if.~) ..

E..... • [1\ A I . " I " ". e)kr

- - - J W aT I""t (19 Ae + ~ Ap- ] r

• _I _ { 1\ [... ejkr...l . . .L ]

-JWjA€ Ur "'_r6r + r- (. ··)t r~(" .. )+ ....

4- 0.& [ ~.(O) -+ /,. (. . .) + tl~ (. . .) + . . .. J

+ a,[ -/:(0) + ~(- .. ) + -he·· .)"t ... J J

or l r -' kr [ ". . " I " , J I

E ~ r 1 -jti> eJ ar(o) t Q& Aa + a, A~ J + r:... [ ... ] + r ~ [- . J .. J

111 a. sil'llill:o.r tM'r'I heY' , .it OUJ be s},OWI'l that-

w-...lt7A_.1.{'~-j/n"['" ,0 A' "A"l]· I -L

u -;« v X _"""'" r J 'f e ar(O) + Ue 9' - Q.Il 8 T r;f- .. J + r.}[· .. ]t··

3-6 Le-i vs assume that lOithi." a .L1-near CXY\d l,soiropic mec.Gl.I.»1 ,bu.f not-

Y1ecesso.ri~ hOYnOgeneous} i11ere. exist "two sets of SOurces ;:[4.! t:\!L

and J.l) t1z. which are o.lloweal 1:0 ro.c.ti. Ctt-e 8t'mLtI ta-"eous! j or i'Yl(J.',Vlduo.l~ l~de the. so,me rnE'Ct.uYt1 0.1: H1e sa.'Me}l-e1ut:"YI_:)' Q'I1d produce f;l) til aYid li_:,..) t:! ~.1 rE'SpE"di.lJe~. For ;the jl:elcl S ;to be Va.l i d) +~ must- ~tis fJ Mo.xwetl's e~l.{a;ti.oYlS

( Co nii n ueJ)

37

3-6. (Collt)d) V'x: Sl :: - i: th -~:1 ~ X th = j'£j_ + J~ 'Ix EZ =- -i th -tl.2. 'YXI:h::: ~£; ... +I2..

(.)he>re k::: JW Cf-'-jf'tt)

~ == '+jw(E"-jE ")

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

f;.i' 'V X t!.z = ~ E.i·~.2. + E.i·;;;[2. (8)

SLlbtractl~ (?) }rom (8) red~ces 1:0

E1·'VXI:I.z-l]z,YXE.l.. :::.;1 §1'§:, + ~t!£tll -t §1·I.l."t t!l.,t1.1 (~) which by usinB ,the vector- IdeYltit~

Y-'C,1XfP== B·(\7>(~)-~·('Vx~)

(to)

(an be l.I>ritte'n a.s

V' (H_,_ X §.1.) = - 'V. C §.1 x tlJ.) :: ~ ~t' f ....... ~ t:1~'I:I1. + .§£ J;L + t:!.a.'!':1j, (1/)

In a. ol\'llilo.r 'Il'Io.nYler, if we c1ot»'lud;ipl~ (~) b21- §.2. aVId (3) bGJ. tI.1.)

w~ CaY! W rl te

£~ . Vx th ::: ~ E4'~~ 1- ~,_.:r.i

rl1.' V x §~ :::. -i tit' !:IJ. - tl.-f:h Suhs;i:ractl"8- (13) from ([..2) J.eo.ds to

5.;.' 'YX Ijl - tJt' \7X E~ .:::: rt §~.~.1 + ~ !jj'~:I. + ~<Jl + tkrj:t. which b~ uSl(9- CIa) Ca.Y} be written o..s

v- (t1'1 x Sl.) == - v- (~~ x ti~) ::: ~ Sl.' §.{ + i H'1: tb, + §.l'.J; + !Jl' t1;L (IS) s;'ubstrad3~d- Cl5) from (II) leo.cls t-o

- q. C f;~x:.t!. .. - €:t. X ti I) :: §~. I.l. + !:!l.'t!t - ~.t: J.1 - He M" C 16)

which j'S RY)OWYI as tile LO'f~'ft-J:l: I?edproci~ TheoYe'tYI 1'Yt ct.fferQ'Vl:t;aQ. fllrm. Takl"j the Volu'rl1e i''I1:tejn:J of both sides of C16) and USlYl(f *he..ct.ve~e'Ylce.. theoreVYI O'r'! ,the .!eft side) we.. CaY! write C 16) OS

-,#C Si X tll. - E~X tl~) . cds ~ JSS C.~1· J,2. + l:h't:!!1 - Sl.·JL -Hi 'M~ )Jv (117) which is W'I'lOWYI a.s the LOl"e~i:~ R.ec;proctt~ Theorem 1')1 j'.,.,tQ\.r~ j6r"rtl.

(13)

(14)

4-1.

Q.

sin1"=~I-coS:1o.1f' :::: ..jl-l!iz·art:l..

= " I -(Sine·cosp-).L.

In fo.r- Jonefielols --

x

E~ ~ j 7 kIo·l e-5~r. Sin¥' =J' '1.k-Ia~e-j"".r~ 1-(&lne·c~Il).l.

4nr 4rrr

H~ ~ J ItIo f e-jier. sin 1/1 = ~

A1Tr 'l

b. U=Uo(I--?,.1n~c,,~¢)

.. Pro.cl = Uo fl) ;tlt [r (I - s't r..l.e . Co s)) . S'tn e de c\0' ::; Uo' ~

D.= 41f'Uo - 3 IS

.. U . ell' - ~.::: .

0'3

.,'

4.-2.

0.. s'tn)p= ~ 1- [os~?, =jl - Jtlrarll.

= .j I - sin~'Si~~

b. U = Uo (I-sin~sin~p)

Pro.cl = U. C [."(1- si"1J ·si n p ) s'mQ dodpJ == u{r f.~in6 - sirl'e . si,,)1 rl6 ]d,ll

.::: Uo [ ~:1!"2d¢ - !(~~hil.~d¢] :::: Uo[41f- iT]::; ~ II"·Uo

Do= 41f·Uo -;:: ~ =1.5

Uo' ~1f

co..) jEACe)\

b ~= "0° C"'d. - i! pla.Vle) -'ftr E ~j~ tIoleJ, 1

~ 41fr

• . 1\ '

At ¢ =9o~, (d- - ~ rIo. VIe), By; ho.s OYlly ~ directio'() ,

~r ~ ~:0.polo.t 1 to.+ioYl (6) 91=70" ____..,,_...,_

\ Ept(G)\

---+------:4r.;..__------J.-- 4 ~

c . S:= YO 0 (x - ap Ia.ne )

· . -k ..0. -j.(tr . -'~

EjP:::: j ~ro .. e .. JI-corcl-p' ::.jn ~lc~el r,stnf7{

4TTr . (4nr r

A.t s= 90°. c:{,:!) , E r ha.s Q'11ly ~ difec.ti ern.

E. "f "Y e fifo ["'ri ~ ,,, .. .1'( () V} (c)

e.=.~oo

60 IEj1 (QJ){

:no

40

4-LL 0.. JZ;:: 00 (;r- ~ pla.\'Ie)

, ~ I,e)~r ..

E",It' ~ J ~ ~"T r . 1

Ai:- Jt= o~ E!b dirpctio'l'l hQ.s 0't1 ~ Q,I!! CO Yt1t)Q~e"t x

E if "-} §p' r- (CLl""i WCC>vt

0=00

\E1Il (e) \

----~-+--+---4~

b. !2S ~ ~ 00 ( d· t P b.\-\ e ) 1. 1 -i~r

Elf -== j Yl ,-;010 e . I r-st ri~'e

t 4lT Y" "

= j 7 --ito:Io 1 e-j ~:.

AlTr Cos e .

A t ~= ~o: Er diy!?d[OVl has OYl~

Et'- dire(..tion has 0)11; &, CI!I~~"J?I.\A

___ --t----~

t'(

,

'1-1

4-5. (0.) Ush~ (4 -..l6 (.0.,)- (4-.26 c) o.nci the due: ity of Ta.blel.3'~J -t~e fi~lcls of o.n infinitesimal I'MjYle+iC· dipole of 1.eYljth 1 D.Y1d rnajnet!c curte'l1r

1M ere Bive.., bj

El" = Ee .:::: HJ2I= 0

E . =: -Jc kIm 1 61n& [I + ~ ] e-jkr

f4 4r:rr J ~r

Hr -= 1m! co..sG I I + ~ J e-j-ltr

ZiT 1[. r~ . J hr

He.:::; j-RIIIl1. .sj"l19 I r+ J'~r - c*,,:) :L.] e-jkr- 4lt">[ r

(b) SiYlce the po. tteyYl 6 f "the WI lij VIet i c d.i p" Ie is the. Sa'm e 0$ th.!l.toJ the e!ec.tdc, the dire-ctivities are a.lso lcleYltkJ. QYla ec;ual to

Do := ~ (di~t'l\$ioy"ess) ::: '·761 dB

4-6.

(a.) WheYl the elel'nenr is place-at Q.lc~J the. X-o..xis SiYltf ~J'I -C6S~¥, = {I-!~' aYI~

=: I - I 0.\. (cl]( lSi"r"l e CoS¢ +a" Sh16 &i 'n)!f +a~ CosS ) ! <:. o:nd tnp field.s ca~ be written (1)3 -j4tr

E .,;;: -J'. it Illj.t e J-, --S-I-~-~-C-os-~:--)Z

J:.- 4rrr

~f~-i

( b) In 0.. s'lmilur WlQnn er) when t\ie element is pllUe.d. 4;IO:rl.j the J -AXis

6'lYllf =:. f~i---c-OS-4"1f-·=:.J 1- I a,· tlrl2. ::...J 1- S'I'h~s'I'l1j'

a.YlCI :61e :f i etcls: Co. \'I be. 1.0 r-itt en as

E - -' .KllTJe-j-kr oS!')) i» =: -J' .Rr",~ eJkr r 1- S·I"n·l"{~ rsi"I'J~P

r- J. 4t1'r ..., 4trr"V

Hyi=-1F

42

4-7.

CO~1Vert 1f "to sphe'rlccJ. c()ord!Yto.tes

Thus

E = ~ kIo t -jkr

r ) "7. 41ft' e ~ I - i [slrr"e {coS,¢+Si'nj2l' ).:t.]

H_x :::; j *4;Oyl. ej~r J, _ k[si",~((~s9l+Sl'l'l9S).:t.J t

H - .. I.,.. t -'~r '

'if = J 41Pl r e J SI'l1 tf'

E = -J" -kIvn ~ e-j {lr sl'r'/ 'Ill

r 41n- "[

(o)1ve..-t '1f to sphericcJ. (Dord.inate.l

4-8.

x

Thus

H -' -kI .... l ej~J" ~---------

1.f - ) 41T"l r J I - t [8i)'l4& (cosp -tSil1%)"- ]

4-9,

tJhere H r = H,4. 0, Hps ~ j kI"lsil'l(i [I + ~ ] ej*~

+lfr Jkr

Since ~ IS not 0. fllncti 0 VI of ft

E - I ~ I {'" I d ( • ... I ~( ) '" 1- - - JWE; Y X H = Jt..:l6- at' ~ ~& H, Slll 9 ) - c1Q r Q)r "lip + a, (0) J

which r~duces usinj the H;r from above to

Er = 11 Ie I CbS9 [I + -, i, ] ej1tr

L zn r~ J~r

E& = j Z ~~ 11Sil1t:t [ I + W - C-k1t') 1. ] e-j~r rrr

E¢ = 0

4-10.

4.-12 , [ )] 112. .... [ / (-.2:rr/Cose -+, ~~<) ] If..t

R= . y.l,+ (~.2rl:~(cse til:;: :::: •. + r.2.

Usi~ ;the bi}1ornja.~ EKpo.YlSIOYl of

/I VI b' !) '11-1 L"

(u+b)l'1= ~ + na. D

OJ 1,1

it CaY! be shown by lei:t iYlj o..~ -r:"

b;::, (-2r~~('oSe + lf~) YI_ ..L

n - .z

:khat I s./~. ...L (i!d , i )

R.:::::. 'r' - ?/cose + ~ (:2 .s ('YJ~e) T p Y cose ·8m e '

+ r~ [~4(_1 +6CoS~e -$CO.s-t6)] + .

Therefore;the f:fth terM of (4 -41) IS I [~

t0a (-( + 6 cos~ -Ecos4e) ]

4-13 --~~imUIl1 phnse error of Irle ro..cllahs

O.6~ {D3/A ~ r ~ .2D~/A

(0,,) fo!'" 0... YI1a(4)'11Um phase em,r of Tt"/r6 ro.cLiaViS

Jz (0.385) J D3/,,- ~ r ~ 4 D~/;'\

0.8775 ~ D~/i\. ~ y ~ 4 {//,,,

(b) For 0. rno')(imll'rYI phose error (')J IT'/4 yo..d..;o.\'lS

~ 02_BfJ ,.~ 0'l7\ ~ r ~ DYJ\.

O. 43875 ~ D;3/l\. :S r ~ DI'J\.

(c) Fo r Q. mD.xi"muWI phase error of 18 ~ ra.ol..: a'l1 S leD "j I~ rlJol.:ans

~1,.2S(D·38'S)10~/JI,. ~ Y" ~ ().25)·Z DY/\ 0, 6 '131 JDl /J\. :& r ~ <. ~ D~J\

cd.) for CA mo.xi mum phose error of [5 e rud..i.o..YlS

ll::-~ "It _I.'

:;I -> i2 ro."""o.l'1 s .

J [,S (0. 385}JD3 /7\ ~ r ~ C(· 5")' Z· O~I r:

O.15~i ~D~J;"_ s r ~ 3,D'I!\.

45

4-14. t: 5i\c =9 ~'I",G.V = 2.5" A 0.. Fa.r- Fje~ C Fro.Uhhof~r)

r=- :<L.a.= ~C5J\.)1;::: .2.(..25)\~) = 5oA.

]\,. 7'0... . . . ')\..

A!tie =: t ({-.\Sini3) {. :::. . . .~. [(.2'!i)~1\ .l._I,_] ;: 0.0 f8.2. ro..Js =. 5.62S0~

6 =30: ~ ';..z.SA., S"o"," . 2.. 4

. r~ 50)\.

b. Fresne\

r = 0.6.2. ~ P}/,.,_ = 0.62 ~ (S7lJ~ = 0.6 2·A· 412. 5 = 6.1318 x

Af6e ;: ~4( ~.3 CbS& SL,,).e) : ::: ~i2.s A)$ ,--. ( COS30o)( Si)130o) ;J.

.6;;;30- ·6. ?318 AJ . Z

c'=:2. SJ\..

r=6·Y3/SJ\

A~ = (;.~~ i;)'.. (0.866) (~.5)"'''' D. 221.2. r..Js = I> .61' 2{1: •

4-15. ~ = <k 1; f e j'" fR cl;r'!'i cil '~lf~ "j itr {,j "j{'" - (os.) ':'.'

A. " l!:lf"t r "j.,,~::e:,~(fM*(I~('S6WJ

A:z: ::::::. ~ 10 ej-kr [ elk (I-Cbs-a) ~' ] 01 ::; )t Ic f e-j4er ei i' s'!')1 ell)

41fr . -jkCl-cosS) .(11"r ;e

(.)hE're 2= 1 (I-("OSO)

(b)

(0..) A'r. =. A~ .. CbS.EJ. . }

. ~ For

As = -A,zS'IYlG

A¢ ~ 0

1"herefbre

46

6 )i (00 -'kR II 1il"[~ -'«R

4-1 (a.) ~ z: 4n toO I{l') f cJ.;?1 = ~/#. _~ ~ dr/

IVherp R'" Je;;(- ;(1) ~+ cy- 1') ~ -1" (l -l'}:"/ = j x-----"'---"" +-(J....,....~-+-c ~-. --~-,.. )~:L

:C';:~ I.,. 0

Mo.~i'n~ e, cha'rlje of 1iO..riabie DJ -the.. fOYWl I

l - ? '=:. - p ) dl' = cl:p

We Co.Yt write. ltIJe poten:t; cJ as

AI ~ j .P~ Hg~(~r):: "~i ~:o HI:..) (It.Y:rJ.+~:L )

( b) t! .:: ) V X ~ and § ::. J6 \J X ti

s.:l'IC'e A( ':: ~ ~ 0) I'll 0' Ii'rld rieJ. coo'rd.;~cJ-e~

~"'jY'x~ ",}(-~*) ~ ~j ~ ~e H~~)(.k()

Usi'!j E~ua.tio'tl CV-I~), We Co.l1 write :the tt-fieloi a-s

H '" " ,.kro (J.)

_ ~ as Hill '== _Q." J 4 H~ (<<0

~ H(:") ,

t() eye I Coke) IS the Ha'llkei Ju'nctioY} of -the SE?CbI1d. 4Qi..,cl of order

one and o.\jLtment k~,

The eleckrk. fie!J Co.l1 he obto.;Yleol U~iMU

I A, I [!.E._/i ) J ,,_J_ (0110' He)

E ::: jtOe V XIj == o..r: J We ( d~ le~ ::. ctz J'Wf ~e-+1'

_ 0." _L [-' ~rtl E._ H (.J)( ,kp) _ ~ ~Io H f.!)C/< )]

- 1 J w6 J 4- df 1 \ J 4e I e

Since :e Hr~)( 1< f) ::;: It H~J.)(.ke) -t Hi~C.Re) hJ usi11 V -18

;theY]

~;o <t [- ::: k H~~)(-ke) ] ;:: -4~ ~ Jot H~:"){ke)

'17

letri'nj {thSll=,LJ dUo

. -s;1lsda = aU ::;} de ;;: - si"r'lQ

reduces l;".t to

L"ltt= .:< (1 rcos:t(1tf.u) +COS~(~)-2Cb&' (~U) CosC~)J ell..(

Jo I - U4

::.. f' [Cos2.C¥ l.l) + Co~~(¥)-2Cos C¥ LA) (oSC~) J J~

-I ((;'U)

~ i L: [1;- (oS(1«· u) -t I + C¢S(~d)dl{ _ r I CoS (t!(I+U)] + (bS[~(I-U)]dll

(Ii" IA) 1, l+u,

Maki'tlj. allt)lher cho."je.of va.riclble of -fhe form

(1-tl«)kJ ~ 1) ;::} du = 1~

We Ca.Y! lOrite. that

ht = ,t (>«1. " -t "'if .. 1)+ CPS c~1 V) dv J JJ. cos U dv _ ( 'a,.< rill (/- oJ],",

)0 .-v )0 v L r T U

= (Jd 1;- CoSfitt) -cosev) dV+ ; (:<__*?osc~J_)+ cos(V -JU) .Jv

)0 ~ ~ ~

- fo I (0$[ 4t~( I-V)J J.v prolJiJeJV:.;; 't U

If r~k£.1J I

Tt,.t = r«J. 1-+ Cos (~l)- coscv) d.v

j~ 'V

[~.4t1 - "_A) r.kJ, .J_~\ r.: )

+ .L -CoS(~t)+ CoS ('I)) (os( -lEI.) + SO\CV)S!11 ('KZ c;lV _ .cosc.kJ.) CoS (i» + ISr»C-tt.",N,1fli.

::t. u· . .. . ~. CII.~

c .-v ·0

( Co I'll l YI ued )

iJ.a

4 -17 ( Cont- ) c1)

lint:: [1+ CoS(~l)] (Jd 1- cos V Jv _.<.' (kA. Sh1('1I) siYlc.fRJ.) ci?)

Jo ~ Jo ~

. ) (2"1 . <.12£

-t SIn (.wi Jo &1:1) d. V - CoS (41) fa I - C:SV J.v

CAhich 'rE'd~ces to

Illlt -= f C + lYJ C ki) - c.. ~t) + t Sin ck.Q) [S; [2k1) - .z S';.C-k~) J t i (hSC-kJ.) [ C + in (/4f) ;-c; w.k.£) -:?C (f?,R.)] J 'Uhere C ~ a.5772_

tlJld Pro.oI ;:; "( I !~ ;,. Ij'rlt IS ldeVlti cJ. tti ( 4 - 68)

FroYtl (4-88) Prad.::: rc !I,,[ol. (IT COS~.C{cose) da

4Tr Jo S o'lEI

LettiYIJ

We Co.n W'r-ite. O"lf" 1 11"

_ _ ! :rOI-l-f CoS~("2 LI.) Ju -== n I rol ~ ( COS:L( 2" .u) d. u

Pro.d - ? .2n 1 - u.l ( .<:1T Jo I - _,u;,.

t

which Co.)'} also be lVtiite't1 as

Pmd == 'l ~~[ (1 C03~(~)A) d,U + J1 Cos.). ( f.u) Lu I

41T )0 I - 1.( 0 I +..4 j

Mdkitlj anotliE'r cha.~ of variable of tj.,E' form

V = I - M ~ fr.r.th e first i lite) ,CJ.. 1/ ;: 1+ M 1- -}bY 1:i!e S"eeo Yld i vder-L

dV = - d.LI. J J clV -= d,u. J

we. Co-VI write Pro.ol 'tS'

o _ Y} lIt, /.2. { (1 Sil1'~{:[ V) dv + (Z .srn~( ~V) elv 1= 1] I:rol~ (J. &1." .tel v) .Av

~d.-l4lT Jo V )1. V ~ l4lTJD v

Usi~ the holf-a~le ideYltity < .shl.t(~ v) ~ '-ioSClrVJ>

redl.{ces Pra,d 1:"0 1) ;:::. n I Ii! I..t.f..). [, - Coscrnl) J -.I

rra.c( t 81T ~ V

o V

By Let-ti:J \J = TTV} d.~:: 1T elV

We Co.VI write Pro.« a.s

s, = ~ 1;;'l"-T [ 1- Ct'l-) J -s= "(_ I~~I a, c., (."')

4-18.

(d) -!t (~') -== { r, (1 T I.e< ~,), .I, (.1 - ~ ~'),

-i<Z!,<o

z

O(l'.(_·% .

ACT) =

s- - ~ .J. ej4tr , . { ! - (o.S.(~ . .( ct..se) J

E ....... Jw).(. - SllIIQ - .. ---:-,- .. _

9 ~ / 4Tf r (¥(OSS):a..

~ ~o

HI" ~ 0 He ~c

H.¢::!:: Eelr

50

(6) From (4 -S8 a.) .

8. "' j 1 ~~j:r Si»8 r rl ... I en eY"'CoS8 d~' J

E '. k-r«.r I.! -P../J.

a :;:: J 7 4~r si'l1e· ro-f" Cos (lTD..~/) e;~~"(bSS dl"

-~/1

Qet. a:;, j,j{ rose ClYlcl b ~ r) USe foJ.lot.Ui "0'13- ;,."teJ "CJ fOr-'MLt/o..

e'o..z (acosbz i- bS(l'Ibz)

-

51

4-19

(0.) 1.:::. V4, f<lb .. ::: lr/4 ,kl ~ IT 12.., :2 JqJ.. z: IT

Rr =60ic + bCTrh..) -c.er/4)+.tSrn(~)[S~(1I") -2S~(~)] J

Rr =: 601 0 .. 5772. + 0·45158 - 0.4·70 T k [1.85 - -2. (f. 36 f8) ] J ~ 6.9388

6·8388 ;:::: 10.67'76 SIY}-t(lT' )

4

5 I+O·~704

r = 13.6776 -0 =- 0.5704 :9 VSWR. = -= ~. 6555

13.6?76 -+ 50 1-0.5704

Cb) ~ ::::: 7V2. : -klh. ~ IT'/2.) ~R. =- If, 2ok1 =.21['

Rr -:; &0 f C 1-.111 err) - C .. (rr) + fas(1r) [c + QnC~) -t-C.(-21T) -.2(1 (nilS = Go f 0 .5fl'l -<. -+ I. 1 44-'l3 -0.059' - f [ o. SIJ7.2 -t- 0.45158 - o. OU7 -.<. @O!:itJr

Ry ::: 73.13 ~R,., = . 'Rr =- 73.13 ~ 7..31~

Shl.(t2) 6iVl"'(~) ..

r ~ 73.13-50 :::: 0.JS1785 ~ VSWR=- I i-o.ISQ85 = /.462.6

1"[.3.13 -tSO J - 0·18'785

(c) ~= dll/4 ; *112::::. 31r/{) k.t;;;: arr(2., 2kJ.=-3lT

Rr :; 60 t 0.5772 + -iY1(3~) - C.(~) T is;~ (~) [S.; (3jT)~~ S'i (~)] j =: 60 { 0.57'72 + /·6502. - (-0 .. 1983 f) - i [1.674.73- .2; (1.611)] !

R" = ISS. f65" =9 R;.., =J~5".96S ~ 37/. '1'3

Sl)')-l. (3TT/"f)

r= ~'71.'13-50 = O.763Q -'vsWR= l+a.'76~O :::71f.3B6

r-r I -D. q 630

871.93 + So

52

4-19. CCo~t 'J)

(d) 1=71 ; -kl/~=n. -kl-==~1Tj ~k£=4lT

Rr::: 60 f 0.511'72 -+ ~l'I(21T) -CA (2iT) + tC'oS(2Tr) [().srrq:<.+ R'YJ err) ,. c.~ ( 41T) -.2 f,,;{.2Tr) ] 1

;:; 60 { O.5'rq2. + '.83'78 - C~.o :2.2'7) + f (I) [0 . .5"7'72 -t 1.144 q 3 -0.006 -.z (-0.0227)J J

Rr = 199.0<t9 ~ Ril'l = /'T?D?t '" 00

Sll1.l(TT)

r--. 00-50 ~ 1-5"0/00

--- - = 1 =? VSW"(('.::; 00

ee + so I 1- so/co

R :: Rh ~ 1.. ~ = l:_ {Zj}o =.!. J~ - .s: -"'7'

L f P l"fl c ~ '4 -<'lro. ~o -,2lT .1:104,\

RL. == Rhf = 1.3245 (~) ec..( = Rr

. R ... -+Rr

(0.) 1::. A/50 ~ Rr ::: 80lf.2,(:O)<.)~=: 0.316 01,1113 RL = Rhf = (.3245 (iD)=' Q.0.264.<i'

e ... ..1 = Rr- "100 - 0.316 x 100 ./

'-U. -" - = Y2 . .:J.6 i-.

Rd t<r 0.0264 Yt 0.316

Rr = 801T'~( jJ~". Q:::: 10-4- A If::: 10 MH3!. 6 == 5.'7 x 10 'fs/W\

------::-;-

2T Xlo7(4Tf ,1(10")

.2. ( 5. '1.11'10")

4-20.

(b) 1::: Y4; From Prob.4Jt Rr = 6'.8388 RL = Rtrf::. .... 32-4$ = 0.3311

4

€"J = 6.83e8 x 100 ::=. 'T'5.~6.x 6. 8388 -I- 0·33 II

(Co Y\ tin ued.)

53

4-20. (CoYli1d)

(c) 1. "'" >-/<...; From Prob k-'lY, Rr ::::: '73./3 RL;: Rhf::;; /. <3.2.45 :::: 0.66.22. S

Z.

ecd:=: 73. /~ :(100 7.3.13 -+ 0.66:l..l.5

l~). 1=.1\; From Prob4-1'T, Rr:=.I'T'T,oY1 I~I.":: Rnf':;: '·3.24S

ec.,,( :::: 1'1'9. o'f~

1~9.o'1'Y-+ /.3..24.,5 'lor 100 ~ ~;34 x

He :::. j

:.

Slf

4-22.

Cd) VSWR= l-rlrl I-Irl

~ In = VSWR-J := I ~I-== /...l[

V.sWR+ I ;;z + I -3

n/3.. < *1.J2 < .2 100::::: 11.14 q.4.17

100 __ rz: 4.111 417

11.14 q ) 8.9'76'1 = q .

lod10 (8.'i767) ::::: 4.l'7i0ci'oCq.) ) 0.953= 4J1"7 lo~16 G

o.~.2B6 = iOa/ocr) Gr.= IOo.2.t86::: ,.69'.2.8 = Jre1 ;:: f6.99°

--lei = .:2 Cr.6Y28) 1::: ~ (/.6?2.8) l\. :;:. '.6Y.l.8 A =: 0.5388/\

.:t.rr 1T

(c)

Rill = Rr ::::> Rr:: Rl"rlSi't'l~(~) = /00 Sin;l.(96.YY·)

S'IYl'""( -k~)

R,YI:::' 100 ( O. ??.26)~= /00 (0.98..5".2.) ':: ?8.5.2. O~V)1S

Ri"rl '::' f8.S~ ohms

55

h t\ /I. CbS ( i CeSS)

(0.) Cl1) = - Qe - ----

_e TT Si<"l16

(c) I he CQ) j lIIo.K == ?\/7T -= 3:. =. 0.6366

1 ~ AI.J.. /\/.:2. iT

LDhich is 63.66 7e of i..

cel) Voc = I ~e· §\! _ !> =: I-a. JI. COS( {tcose). _ ae 103 V I

A-?o e 1T S;""'6 7't- 6=90"

=: ~ (1~3) =: 1~-3 = 3.183 X 10-4- Volts

4-25. ~~ :100 -m .~ II
2..
At f= 300MH~ c:
, i\=:;r-=I'Wl
::} ~;t = .2 ( ~y :;; O.S-m
»: x,
r =..l.OOIl\~>O.S <"WI W ::: O.2"fnW

56

4 -2 6. T~e ti.me o..ver~e power d.enS"l ty (Wav;; i yl.).. )

Wa.v:;: ~. IIol~ . [ (os.1.( ~ Co se )J. .R . ~ 11 I L:, 1:2.1:" CoSZ(;.r:: (""se)

Blr ~. s"( 11~ r ro.d l""4lT . ... . d&

I. . . . " S(I1'>'8

Pr0.4=2. Rrt>JIIo(-l: ) l?"fcld= 4~[)'+~I'l(.1lf)-c.u .. m)]==30[(U)ll'I2'H836'tO~

RY'(lcA =: '7..3. OS.23

PrD.d =( 0.5· {oo) ~ 50 Wa.tt s .' ~o == ~ ('7 '3. 01.23) }I,.-.I ~

IT .. ) ~ '.<3688B.

At r:::..500m, e~6o". ,% .... 0"

Wo.w;:: 1.2 Q. TT . /.:68ge.l..' [ Co~~( I Co~ 00" ) ]

e IT . (SOD) sin .1600

'·36888 t.

- IS· rr- .25 XI04- ·lD. (;667 )

- 1.711.3 X 10-5 Wo.tts/.,.".2.

4-27. (a.) Ii'll = .r, sin [k(! + [ZI)] 1::;:. /../4 . ~:: AlB

1\ J '[2.Tf :;"\]

.IIY! =:.10 -sin [ k,(~ ± .~ ) ] = Io sin [ -k 'i = 10 <SIll. 7\: 8"

= Iosl)'ll~)

Ii",:::; 0.707 I.,

2:i.,..= RtY!+jXi'YI::: 146+j~S

(L) \. 146-j8S:=. !46-j8S := CS.IIS-J..2·Y"8)XIOS

v '(;..,= 146+jBS (4-6-j85 168.Y4-1

'f 'n1:::: 1- j :<. 9'7B x 103 =} X m ;:: ~ ::: - J 33.5,1176 ( CapG\C' itive)

re ) li~ 0:;: 5./l5Xlt53 ~ ri')]= 5.\ISX10-3 .::: 195.503 \1 I = 1,~s.50.3 -300 I =; 104-.4-'166 z: 0 . .2.} 1~5.ED3 + 300· 4 Y15. 503

VSWR:::: (1+ 0 . .2.11) / (1- O.~II) ':: I· 5346

'(;.,~- ............ -+ ~-->L,.==-...I

57

4-28.

..

1+0.3..232. = 1.~s5 I - O. dJ.3 2.

S == - 8e j CUt bIa ejk ". sin (~cose) ::: _ lie.~. wrhIo e-i *1'"". (1)

411" r' ~. ease J 41i r

-j~'r e=!~

E"\ =:; -aej- lb."uIoe b :=-J" t..J}lLeJ*t·h (9)

6"=,0" 411T 4lTY'" e

heC&) = aa·b

. -'«t"

~ Lltel :;:: aej q ,Ioie) ~r SIne) = ae·j ~. ~1;~ )

-. e;:'?ofl 4l("r &=70" .

l' = I be(e)·fl~(:Il. ~ I rt b:!~ I~ == 1.

I hece) I~ I E -r 161 ~ In *Io.t 12 .

l. 4trr-

?(dB)= ID10010(1) =O~ES

- 0 " "" .....

4-3 0 . VI = 4. e I~O = C [0.')] . [ (Q+ J o.~ J _

e {2_ I CtJ~-o

V 4eJ.J:o • , . 0 -j'7.:) °

I'::: =j"C 'n :=) c, -;::j4V2:" eJJO ) C:::; 41./2. e . 0

V:/..:: (4i2. e-j'700)[ 10 (2 &c +d .. ej3d')J' (O:("tja,) =4I>1J2e-i'70"[ .z +J eJ~o J

.J '12_ "1.

== 40 ej'loo[2 + J (CoS300tJS-tn30oJ]

.::: 40 ej700 [ /.; + j O. 8b6] ~ 40 €j'lOo [1.'73 eJsoo J

V2.. == 70 eJ46I1::: 53.6 -J45°

58

4-31

r > ~~2. = 3.~32.:: 19 =. 3.6 c'W\~ 10 C,.", ($ In the far field. ~ ::.. ~ :::0.6 9 Jenjth of dipole IS f,inite) -k1 ~ IT· ~ :. Cl.6lT

E. "j? ~:t [ CosC ~ c~~~ :-COS( ~) J =j~1:;*ToS(:\:~oI1)t030~

H% ~ § ( )

7'(' ~ (oS(o.6tf:Cc)S' 45 0) t Q.Jo? ::;: 0.1703 .

otYl4S,° '

-j«'r , 2lT .2Tr~I:4S'

e ~';'t ~ -,;:: r ="5.10 ::: 41"1' ::. 12.5663 roJ

., " ,T eJ60. e-j4lT ( .

=* E 9 :: J l:tOrr· ,,-'-0 , • 0.7'703);:: 46.2.0 ell U· 52.

2lr(O,.lm)

I Ee I :: 4620 'VIm ,IHpi;:: ~!~; = 12.,25 Ampere

4-32. US'tYlJ- e4\.{a.t;oYl (4-1?)

120 oh.h\S :: 132..668 OhMS

sin::" (0.611')

4-33. ,,.J = 3Tl' J...1 = alf .2.k~ ==3rr

:2... 4~r: ;z..1

G.) Usind (8-60 oJ , (,8-60 b)

Rr =: I 85.BoB , Xr = IYO. 79 67

b). USlna- (8-610J I (8-61 b)

R- - Iss·80S - 3"1 6'/'7 X~, ;::1~o.'7r67 ;;=: 3€S.5';'36

I t1- -, . ) ,1'1'1 si'l'l:l.( 3;.;, '"II')

Sln~(d41T) ,14-

C) r = 3?/. 6/'7 - 300 :;. 0.1066' 3,

3"71.'61'1 + 8QO

VSWR==- I + 0.10663 ;::. [.2387 I - 0,10663

59

4 -3 4 . t. ::: o. 625 A. I

G.. US't~ (8-600.), C8-606)

Rr :; 131.9415) Xr = 146 ·131638 b.Us·t'l1~ C8- 610..), (B -6 I h )

R,n ~ 154·579 • X,n::: 1'71·2.03

C r=- 1!:SA..S'i'~ -300 = -o.31<t'f, VSWR= I;f.O.3lnl =- 18407

154·5try +300 1-I-o.3IUI

4-35. a. t~ "<00 ttl, a. ~ I 'I'h) f:::: ISo kH~ .., A= 2000 met"er~

USil1& (11 -3'7). I.

l i~ ~ .20 IT' (~) ~ j 120 [In (2;..) -1 ] ~.20 rr~ (~t- j120. [1n (100) -.1 ]

. • :tan Crr 1:.) to..,., (lT/l 0)

lLnr~.::: 2+ 2.n == 2+ r·t'73Y + J (3'17.07

i!illp"t =:: 3. Y '73 Y + d 13'7'7. 0'1

b. Ra.d.ia.+ion efficieh C} = 100' Rr ::: 100' I. 9'73 Y -e, 49.07 %

Rt+Rr a.9'73Y

C. RPF =.. RI'" == 1.~1]3Y _ j ./,':>2J.::" Xlo-3

I I-mCli.put) \ 1.3'7'1XIO~3 - .~

d..

x::: -lYn(~iflp ... t) = - 137'7.01'7

Yl ::: ~ ~rTY?L. = I 3·9?J~ :::. O . .282

'2-1) ~ I:) 0

e The o.nsUJer to this pa.rt wa.s found. by Mil\')Ua.\l~ ~nte\"'ina-

of X untLl' 11""1:: 0.333 wa.S obta.iY1eci.

'l"he voluas obta.iYlec1 o...re

>(1 ~ 0.15'803

><2, =. l.ool~8

lJa.lues

The correspond 'Yl3 percent bG.hd.~t.dth is

0.6

1

o,

06

I

0.'

D.3f

0.2

0',

60

6 -'4tr

4 -3. Ee :; j 1 «101 e j ott1S,co$ (-k11 case) ; 0 s.s -f:: TT/2.~ o~ ¢ ~ ZlL

:ur Y" "

W a.ve .:: i Re [FE x tf']::: ~11 EElI = ; ell" t I ~~ I ~ii11)' cosYith a,se)

(2Tf (rrla. 2 2.1I'Ilf/2.

Pm..! '" l. loW .ve· a, r"S'IIIfldf)J ~ "" ~ I ~11 rJ \ ( • slwle ('S'{jlbOJS8 ) d6 ~

"" J I *;: II' r"~ i ,,3e es L( * h eoss) cle "" ~ I *;;: , I >f~l .36 P + CoS~*hlO sa) }IB = ~; 1l!~II' { C:Si,,3e de + r,V!~i"380S(>"'hCos.)de r

Prad = 2~ I {i~l r [ I, + I,_ 1 !

I.lhe<e I, ~ CISi ,,3& de = - -s eose (sin 1l + a) i: 2= ~

61

4-a7. Ee ; C1 S'll1e CosC~hCose) I wheYe C1 = J 1( ~lo a.eH~r

.2rrr

a. Eel_ • -= (1 SlM·CosCkhOIS€I)I -= 0 =} CoS(~hcose) l =: o

£)-30 &=30" ~=3Cl!)

*hCost300);;:: 2~ ~ (0.667): (oS-I(O) :; ~=* n:= 4~O.f?6?)·7\. =: c.2887'--

b. 'D. = r! _ (l):('k.)+ SiYl (,~.) ,2*h ~ 2'(*) . (0. '88 A) = 3.632.

u«hJ4 (.2kh)3 ]

'Do =- . ,2 . _ = 2 :::5.12. =?ld!3

[3' - COS(,3.63.2.)t Sln(d.63~)) (..L +0.0668~-O.O()~831

(3.632).2. (3.63.2)") 3

C. Rr:: 21'i17(!)~r3J. - COS(3.63~>+ s'l'l1(J.631..»)= .21£ (3?'1)(..J....)~r:o 2T]~6 37 I

t .,.._ (3. 63~) 1. (3. 63:if 50 U . oJ • Ohh\

4-38. EQ = (1 s'mS'cos CNhcos9) cuherl! C.1 -=jl1 -k!ol. e-5kr

1 l 2~r

Eo \ = C1,·sinGn· ChS(~hCoS-S,,)\ -= 0 => So'IYl en = 0 I CbsC~h(bsGn)' h- ~ . ..o.

h::: 2}1... h = .2.}.. --'J'\.

sin8n =. 0 => en ==-0°

cose 'kh Coset'l) I ~ Cos ( 41t' [0 se h) == 0 ~ 4l\" CoSlill :; cost (0) =- t ( .2h~1 } IT, n = 0,1)2) . h=2,'}..

Qn=- cos1[±(2Y1+0/a] 1 1l:::.O.I,.2.,3,4,····

n:::.o: eo=(os'(±~)=82.82°

-I " ) q Ii>

n=l; 9l = CoS (±'B = 67. ,8

'h ;:'.2.; 8.2. = CD s" (± l-) ==. 5/.32 .. n=3; fi,3 = CbS-'(± Z):::: 28. '16"

-I

Yl::'4; ~4 = CoS (1';) : Does not exist. The Sa.me h~ds fo\'" n ~5 .

The'r'9~re u.here the fi~td vanishes for- OC ~ ~ ~ ~oO" are

~=OO) :2B.96°, 51.3.2°, 61.98·) oYid 82.82° ,

Jeri 4-39. Ee =CrSlOe .Cos(-khCoSB) , Qhere c! == i.rz ..jtr~~r' .

Ee \;=600 =C!, s'tn(6'oO). CoS( 1t!~~ CDS (60") =='0 ::::} (os(.j(h CoS (6oG) ::: 0 'h,,·cos(6oj:::: «hnC~J=~hn::; CDS'(o)=±(.2rt.Z_I)1f, .,,::.0,1).2>$,··.·

Choosinj the posltive vCllu..ru

L _ (.2Vl+1.)"). Yj:;..O \ 2 3 - - .

nYl - --:r:- r>» .,,)

h n =:: 0.5)\) I. 5 ,,-, :2. S A ~ a. s- ~ ) 4.5)""

62

4-40.

Cos(-kh rose",) ::: ± 1

I

Q. ~h CoS aWl :. cos-t(± 1) ~ 6rY1 ~ ~COS-I(±j) = ±!!.!!.;;..!1!!1L ;::::i; m I'n::; 0 I 2 ..

1(1, ~(~) 3) > ) J

Qrn= (os-I(±o/3) ; m~ o, 1)~)3,'" 7\ ~

'n!::: c : Ao == CcS~C:tO) == ?O 0 Cos-1('I);:: 70.5288"

Yn:::1; ttl:::' Cos; '(±1/3) == r 3

t (oS'(-1/3) ~ IO~71'2 0 (~Belot.J ~ro().rd Plo.V1e)

n1:: 2. ; 6.2. = COS-I(±¥3):: { (OS-I(.2/3) == 48. !g:jll"

COS-'C-o/3) =: 131,,8i03°(~ Below CTrov.nd PlqYl e)

-I

'm=3: 93. =: (os-t(±1)~ f CoS(1);::: 0"

(os(-1.) =: lab° (~ Below Ground Plo.n e)

rn~4 : S4= Cos--i(±4/3) =* does not exist

b. Earn:::. C· Sine [.2·Co s(~h(ose)] MO.x ~ .t.2.C ,~"er-e ti = 700

c. Ee ::: Sltl6' cos(-Rhcos{I) ESIn

e=o"; I:e'::::O:9 Ee = 20 QO!lJo(O)= -oodl3

ESM E&m V'

e'O 48.18910: Ee =- StY! e· Cos( -khcos& ~ -= o. 7t/..5/.1. :::) Ee =.2 Oio!i,io. 7Q.s-<t)

EGIY! 1h.::: 3/\ EE)n) U

':l-

~ = -2.'SdB Eern

e = 70.5288°: E&/Eem =S'Yl&'COS(UCOSIj)lh~~l\o.9#2B~: ~.2olacrlo(o.'/<28)

Ee 2.-

EGm = -D.SIIS-clB

~= 90° : 1:'& /Eom = sine· CoS(-khcos~J)!h= 31'-. ~ 1 ~ Ee = ..2o.Q0d!o(l) == 0 dB

4-41. 0.. liB( P/~~= iii'" C1='A.) I '" ic Rim +jXi .. )i~ ~

o.'bol1ejrouYld p1o.Yle "free spa.ce l=-l\.... n:::7Jhh;

rrom Prohlem 4.IS ~ Rim =R ... =1'f).O?9 Rl:'ferr~ i;0feed aJ

Ce"ler of /If.l. .

fall)) Fl J 4 -19 .

Frorn Fljl~re 4. !~ ;:9 X;m d= ~)I ~ 6.2.S"

Ilboue 9YbuYld pluYl€ Th ere fc>re

liMC1~ft/.J! = 199;i9?-tj62.S=99.5lf-9S

ahoue 3'rolA.Yld pla. ne

Ccontinued)

63

4-41 (CoY\t'd)

b 7. - ~l~ _ <J9·5~?5 +j 62.S ::: i»

z: In - -

. sin.1.(~) s(n~rr)

C. f= l!"in -k = (1)-00 _ 1-50/00 := 1.

:lin + lc CO -t-S 0 ( + SO/co

VSWR::: 1+ lr-I == I + I ~ 00

I-Irl L-I

. Xi", (a.~ <liso be obto.ineJ usinj (8-60 b). For g_=/I.. q-ki::: ~1r; .2~t= 41L Thus

Xi~ (L=-A/l.) I :: ix im (.( ::A) I ::: 8~ f 2S"C~~) +coS(~~) C.2 Sl(H) -S~ (24e~] 1

arouejrrulld pIQIH~ free $ra.ce

.:;; I ~~~ r.2 Si (Zit J + CDS(.2 Ii) [1 S~Cz If) -S~ (4:Jr) ] I .:: 15 f 2 CI, 418) + r 2.C/4tB) -I· 4 r 2] r

=62·7 ~

4-42.

I

~

I

.

\'2.()~~~

'I '

,

, ,

4-43.

Es ~ j J1 ~Io J. e-j kr s·me· [2cosCkh Cose)] l 41Tr

I A F I TM.X ~ I CoS (~h Cose ) I trlo.x :::: 1 f.U~et\ ~h CoS8111ox = IT

~h CoS &Iklx = If I ~h CoS(6oo) ~ If J

~.h.(!)=1f, h=-A

No Tfta.\ter I.Oho.t the heijht lS ~h.en e = ~oc) l-i; is 0. ma.ximutll.

So 30lot o.two.y s have a. vnoximum 0. t 6::. ~o o. If YDU W lin t a maxi mu m c...t 6::- 6o~

i:-heYl -khcose =nrr ,CYl=I)2)3~··) leads. ho.mo.ximuWl a.t6~ 6Do.

n=l: ~hCbselm~:.lL h=-A feads to ntoxima.. at- S=9-oo, 600

If JOU check closeljJ it also ko.ds tb a rna.ximuh1 a.r 6=0°.

So JOu Co:n Ylat c)Y)~ haue one O'Iaximu/)1 at-~.:::. so:

4-44. Ea "- C1' S'It'lG . cosC ~h (ose) I -==0

a~eo~ .;

Case .khcoS 6) j B"'8 :- 0 I -kh Co sal = ..!I 2;r h Cos 6/ == ;_

o &"'8o~ 2.., /"\. 8=80°

h= 'A I ;: A - f\. r.

4CbSf) e=800 4(0.1136) - ~::: 1·4~'7·

h ':::. /·439'7 J\ I "A= .3><108 = 30x 10'7 _ 6 "rI1eter s

Eo )("(06 5 X'(o'" -

h::: I. 439ft)\. :; 1-4397,(6):::. 8.6382 m

h=- 8.6382. meters

4-45 Us1n3 the. coordinate systet'Vt of FiJu..re 4.21 the tota.! field is jiven by (4-116) or

-kro ~ - J «r r----,,....-------,---

E!p=j~ e /1-slYl~fJ"sin~ r~S.·tn({ehcoS"e)] , O~e6"IT,O$9f62lT

4nr V I

However If we rotate the exes So i-ho.t -the?: oxls IS para.lIel to the o.xis of the element a.nd. j IS vertiecJ to -tile Jround ) the tcta.t 8fle\~ CaY} be wl"itten as 't

Ee ~ J' q +!;.;J r. si Yle . l2j' s·trt(.(( h $t\'l e·s·(n,25 ) ] • "l1cl

Prad=r lI'fv Wo.lle·at'r:ts'm~dedJS =~~ rtT1EaI~r.l.siYl9ctedft

lo 6 - t }o )0

Prad. :;: ~ I «;;/ 12.[lT fr 511136' sin:l.( *hsinesirt~) ded)l = 1/ ~:;1! ~ I

I'" C1T,sin.!(j t CTS1Y1:Y-t<h Slt1es1l"l.0' ) d,0 r d8 =; foli"sin3e C Ii.1 de

whfYe 11 = r: slVl-l (~hsiI18,s1t1,0)cA}"::; ~cr d}!! - folT(1l S (.l{eh sl'n G 'Shl,ps d?, 1 ;l{1T- rlT(I_~+ ~~ _11' + ... )rJ.¢} ,where ~=.l-khsIYleslYl,0

2. }o .2.! 41 6,1 J IT

:: X -! { "IT -! r:~~drt + (2.:2.).' C\t4d¢ -(2:3)./ C ~6d; + ., .. f

I .;:; if. (-0",+1 (11" l~t""d~ = -4:..L.c-d'+' (..2o{~.2.1') rTfSiVl.l~ d.J6

1 1\:.1 JCl l.h! VI-I zn . ) 0 !.

I :::..1 ~ (_\)11-H ~oI.)~1'I [2. (ll"/Sin-'-j! dtlJ =- LC--O'fl-H (~()()'~ r1l.l·s·[YJ~ d;

1 2. ~ :t.Y1 !}, 'n-:.l:l.h t Jo

. II • (~ol= iehsln& )

FTo~ Mo.-Htel'lto.ticJ Ho.ndboo-+t of Fcrmulo.s a.Yld Tables ~ =2.<:(SI~

-S.C~o.LO't'l)S Ou.tlhle. Series I PJ ~6 E9Uo.ttDYI IS-30.

r.T/Sivt\ c1.t.::::: I . 3 ' 5' . .. (.~\') - 3) [..1 'r") -1.) rr

-------~ 2. 'f)= 1,2,3,';,

() Q·4.·6···· (.:!h-l)(2Y1) )

65

Lr45.CCont'd) ,.til

Thus It==- ~ (_1)11"'1 (~"-hsule). Ji.A).'n ,where A21j~ 1·3·S· .. c~n-3){..2.I'I-\)

1I-\ (~Yl)!:l. ,2.4.6 .,. (.2.n-2)(.2.Yl)

0."1'10 rTf" co 1)+1 I kh ).l,1l rrr IlT~

1 = sivr30 [I,] de =='?, (--t) L.2 (rr) A:J.n . siri'\eJde

e ,,- (.If)) .1.2.. 0 .

:::: If L (_I)n~ (::J.. tkh).li)A f. Tr/.4, .t11+3J

t\ '" (.21')).1 • .In j e sm G ~ e

Us; nJ Sed ell ~r.("t-tic VI 0 f +h e p rev/out l"E'f9 re 1'1 ce, 0 r

(1f4 $( n~YI~ clx =. :<. 4.. 6·· -. - (.l» -~) ( .. nl )(,lYl 1-2) ) VI =;.\)2) '3, . - -

}o I· .3. b . ' .. (.2n "'0 (.l.h +1) (,lY)i-s)

We Co.~ lotitE' that

. _ ~ . '11+1 (..2ith/1l ) _ :1. 1/.·6 ,.,' Col'" -;l.)(.2i1 ) (.2)tt-.l.)

I - 'lr n =1 (-I) (.In)! (A.21J (k..t3) , A:JlIT3 - I. ~. s· , .. (2~H) (21'1+1)(.21'1+3)

However Al'r: A:J..ng ~ 1,3·5'" (1I1.:..3)(.l.Y)-I) :lA· 6 , ~Y)-.l)(.~YI)(.2I'l1"2.)

.2·4-6 .' . (.ll'l-.2) (.::t'r'l) 1 - 3· S· (.In -1) (.lntl) (-211 T 3)

::: (:2rl+2) /[C.2lH[)(.2l'1t-3)]

'Therefore I::: Tf ;: (-1)'1\1"1 (.2lch)l.Y) (~'rl+l.)

1'1"'"\ (.2h)1 (.l'!l+!)(.1l1T3)

. .til

;::: l\' [(2-*10.)1...4. _ (2-kh )4 ...L + (2*h)6 JL. ~'" _ t (_1)"+1 (.2.hJ . (.2n+4) l

2..1 3·!) 4! S·" 61"'" 7.'/ l.lh)! (.lrltl){.i.n+3) J

whlc h when ex pa.ndeol C'o.h be. w rifren QS

I ==.IT .. { l- rt+(~ht(-~ +4-1--~1) 'H.2~h)4(ir -iT t"f;)+" !(.2;'h)I'If.(_:_,- _ .. t. ,+~~

. . . . .' \(.~Yltl)~ (111i2). (J.»tJ)~

ReCorn~h;n3- a.pptoprlQte ter-ms" we hQVetho:t"

1. =< IT f :L. -- ( ~h [. (~h) -I- ~C.,)II (2«h )1l1-t1] '. _l__ .. ~ _(2~hl~ z... (-1)1'1,. (.2.~h) l.~ ]

3 .If'() Il=-l l.2'rl+I)/ (2.fth)'-LI 2/ h2.- p.I'I),'

+ . I. ((2¥1)-(.2kh)! .... ;: (_I)Il+1 (.2-kh)~I1T3 ] i

(2-kh)! . 3! h=-l (.21')+3) ! 1

whichredl.tC€.S lJ~eY\ expa.l1dea t-o

I:::. n [ .l. - §11'1 [.2.kh) _ CoS (2.1th) + s1" (.2kh) J

3 (.l.kh) (.l-kn) ..L (.1.k h) 1

Therefore +he raLliQted power OWl be CDritten as

P _ I( I· ~.Io. ~ /'1· --)J If ·1 Ie, J /2:.[ 2.. - sin (~h) - [0 s (2Jth) + a'm (.l~h) J

ro.d - ~ "2lT - l:J. j.. . 3 (2.1th) (2.U}:4 (-2..lr.h) 3

66

4-46. sjP = Ci./I-sirr.l·AS[n~ {Sih(-khcose) J ) C1..=-1( ~lo.ee-j~l"'

::2 Tr r-

a.. E,Il> (95::".90")/ =. C,'cose 's'lnCtlhCose)/ ::: C:z. -(oS(45°) :Sir'! C~) ::. 0

8~4SD 8=45Q

~ = -3h,-[o) =1l11T > 'r1=Oj I) ~j 3) • , .

chrosl~ -tVie positive va.lu~ o..nd exclUd.iV\~ -the Yl::=.-o vo.lMe) we ha.ve th e S'mo.llesl h e tj h t 0 f c. Yl = \ )

h::. Vi: 11 _ -.Qlr ~ = ~ == 0 .?o'l A_

~ - 2.lt 1'- ::r-r

b. h =~ 2? .2~h =2(.*)~== .2nTI =8.88576

1. Rr :::"20lf~(ior[.3:._S'm(.2i2:1\)_ Cos(.tUl'i) + sin (.2filr)]

-3 .:2.V2:li (_:<!'Q1i):I.. (.2-.[.[rr) 3

Rr =120 n .l C sa) l. (;- - 0.057'765 + 0.010869# T 0.000 73161:: o. 2J 'f

2. -kh::: {2 Tf

D - 4(-0.9631)2. 4(o.?.J.YI):: 5.1813

~ - [~_ 0.5776'5 +o.Olo86?4 +0.0007316] - D.620 5'

~::: 5.9893 ~ ? 774 qB

4-47, EY'(~:::90')::' C2.,(0$9 ,slnCkh C'bSG). C2. =:; -7 Jt~!~-jkr

E (¢=?OO)\ =. C2.,CoS9rt·SiY\(o.707.AkeosBn)=O

r h= 0.'707)\

COS en =0 0 =1 Q" = COS-I (0) :: 900

SIYl (1J.70? »: k CbS en) .:: Sin (1.414- TI' (oS en) == 0'9 1-414lT cosen :::: 8th-I(O) 1.414n cose" ::::;. sin-I Co) = ±nrr) Yl=-O,I)..l.,S} . , ..

en= COS-I(±I.~4) ) Yl::.O)IJ2.)3)···

TI:::..O: Q,,::::;. ws-I (0) = <too J

4- o ........ <e~ 0.0"

_I I Jor J

1I ;:±i: en ~ cos (± 1-414) :::. 4-5"

ll=i:2.: Sri =:; CoS-I (±1.~14) =. Do-es not exi~t.

The Sa.YlIe nold.s ~r Yl~3.

67

He total =- Had. + H;

d ' 1o.r.. i e -J ~rl -

He::; J'I' -StYle I

1- 4lfr,

\1; = j-kIfllre-l.(Qr~ sinGl. 1[- 4nr:l..

for Fo:r-field. fl ~ r - n (oS& } ph"-Se, ('(. ~ r,_:=- Y' )~ AYl1pll+u.de_ f~~r+nQlse )

e-:::.9\-=9z..._

cJ _'.(il.Y' ]

He:tot ::. j .{t Il'IIl e) . sin s . r 2. CoS ( -kh (oSS )

?4lTr

4-51. c. Eo ~j~ ~Io e:*rsh1& [j2.s'ln(~hCOS9)]

4-48 - ~ -j"kr,

He ;::: j kr"d e .s·ln61

~.41Tr

H r .. J • .r ~ e-j~rl..

Q = -J It YI'lJl -Stne

'7.- 411T .t

r.:::: r- hcose \. rho.se• r = Y't = r~,fcr o.YI1p\;tu.d.e

rl. ~ r + h CoS£) } Bl= eh :. e .

H = \ kIl'Itfejk~SlY1e [2isiYl (-khCosS))

G I.l 'l'4lT'r "

4-h9 Ed - 'rt *Iot e-J-Itr. ,

,. - II - J t . SIVle,

4lTYi

Ecr =: -if .t~!~jJr.r~.SIYl9.1..

faJ-field: r,::::: r- hcose ~ rha.se r l. ~ r + h (0 S e J

(r=r,::::f..1..) 6:::.e.-=-94) amplitude_

Ee = j ~ .-j(Ict e-j-kr SIYle [ ej4th·(ose - e-j~hCOSe J 4 TIT

Ee :: jn kro 1 e-j k~ stYle.[.'2.j $[1'\ (,*h CoSQ)]

t 41fr

4-50.

sin (-fen (OS 60°) ::.0 -7 *h~ Ct>S 600.::. n Tr) n :'1~.2,3) " .•

hn:::. 'f'l1T ,,-::. riA ='rIA.

* cos 60 ,.2'(0&60"

Srn~lIest h"'" n =-1 -'> h :=.. 7\.

11777//// /" 7 7 77/ 6Z'-l!JO

7711 I 17777/7777 DVt'l :..00

~

t +

I:l

777// 77 7 -j7FTP?" 1'111 =lltl

t

'" t SOI4Yce h

V

7} 71" I 7 > I 7 .,

h 6",::00, ~MC

J., t IItIa.je

(Cor.tinue.cl )

68

6'

4-52 (Conttl)

. 8.i.::::' 90- JP ~ 90-2.8766~o::; 87.1.2.3310 .:9SIO&.4 == 0.9187; (OsQj ::-0.0 S<l.2.

Thus R..,.;:;: 5(0.0502.) - is - (0.998'7)2" _ -1.74'1649 - - 0 '77'7

SCO.05().2.) + i 5 - (0.9987) 2. - 2 . .251649 - .

F& ~ j ~ 10 ej~r. Cos (! cose) . [e;.j(h~ Cos a + D Rt e-i-k h~Cbse J '

21Tr s'lY) e 6= Ai ':::::87. f.2.HI

r ~ J d:1. + (h: - h~ r:L =. )(20,ODOl-t C 1,000 -1? 5) 2. :;: ..201020. ~6)t) ':166,734.207 A. hf=5m =16.66771..} ~~= 1.000 WI = 3/331.3333:A

EQ :::: j.I.lOTT· Ioe-j¥C66,?34.207A). Cos (fCaS(8?/.2-)) rei-kh{Co.se,: e)~h~(Ose..:J

:LTT (.lO,020 . .26) siVi (8'J./~~) L~ -tDRv

eH~!(66/734. :207,).,.)::: ej.llJ(o.~<l7J "" e-11.3= CoS (74-$2°) -j sin (7f1..S.J. 0)

=- 0.266'7-jo.9637: 1L-?<t·5.2°

CoS [i CoS (87/.2°)]::: 0·996887 ) sin (8'7/.2 0) = o.998?¢

ej-kh; ('oS6i = ej~(16.66'7A.)(O.OSOl.) = eP1f( 16.661)(0.0502) .:ejS . .2S'l

::: COS(301.~·JtjSIYl(30[ . .2°) = 1L301.2°= O.5181-jo.855'3 ej"h~ cose.. = I L,-30[.;z 0 = o.SlBl + j 0.8553

DRt e-jkh; C0584.: O.99~7?(-0.77") [OS181 +jO.8553J::. -(0. 40.25 +j 0.6644-) ThIAS

eJtth~ cose .. t R:r Dejkh~Cose.i :: (o.SI81~ j o. 8553)- (O.4025+jO. 664+)

.::; 0.1156 -j 1·519'7 == 1.5.241 L-B5. 65°

Therefore

Ea ~ (lL~oO) (j.lDrr) 10 ( lL-7'1-·510) (o.c}9688 7) (1.5.2.41 L-85· IS 5°) 21T (0.';198'7"') (.~Ol 0.2.0. 26)

Ea ~ 4.5592 x 10-3.101: 70.11

Vol'f:s/m

70

4-53. FroM CoJibro..tion ;

Pr -==. C.1. _" C1 =. pPtr R~ =

Pt R~

OYl aster-old

~ = ~~ 11 + DR~ e-j14t.ht case 12.

Approxima.te Bt'ometry;

~

Jt' = ;to.nl ( -II. S ) -::: 1.£))((0-3= 0.086° 000

ei:. ~ - 'f ; CoSO":::::; sin ¥' C!: ,.5 X u5"3

sin et:;:. slne£ ,.._ 1 - CoS II 1: f'- 2. ~

~-3 J o---g

'1/0' t ::dt

Ry =. ?iT Cose" - cose ::. .3 [1.5)( 1(3) - a- ~ - 0·9905

~; cose.i.+coset 3CI.b"X{C-3) + 2f

s: ... ~s ~ 1000.,., j a.:::; 10' m

D ~ [ 1 + .2 S S ... l-Ifl. z: [1 + 2 (1000) ( 100 0) f I/~ 0.'1'111-6

o.d to.rI~ lO'(2000) 1.1))((0-3

l\_= t = 3 XI 08 = i m

300X!O '

- 4lT ht' /.2..

lit DR,,€p.whtCoS&I:L.~ 11- ((),??iJ.6)(O.9905)eJ -,;:::

= 11- (0.'17'1-6) (o.99IJr;) e-HlT (2..

= 0.0541 'N2..

Pr =..200 , (o.OS41?72.) (S')=. 1.3544XIOS'W = 13,5fW

(2.X IOJt

4-54. Prad:::; tOWo,tL r:=:3.?Xlo?m, Oo~Sod.B =? 105

a. Do= 4TI UrnlM' = 41T·r1.IEI1. =-105 (Since U = t~E:rn~ . '1. =12..0Tf)

Pro. ~ :2.1' I 0 } mo.x- 7. rz )

~ E:1,:=. -,-1,;:;...06.._..;_:_X -=Z_;_x.._:t=20:...:1f:.._:x..:......:...1 o~ -8

= 4.4x10

4lT (3.'7)( 10'7) .2

-4

E =2x10 vim.

( Co ntin ue.J )

71

4-54 .cCont'd)

b. Use Fri is Tro.nsVrlis-s(Oh

Pr- (A) 2.. r: ()\.. 1..

Pt = 4TlR . qot . Gov:::: 41fR,)' POt' Dor

( Sin ce We o.Snll't1 e. 100 ro t f6' cl t,;' 119 )

Pr _ [ 0.03 ] 2..

10'" - 4rr. (3.7,((017) . (Iqooo) (I. 64-3)

-15

Pr ~ 6·84 X 10

- V~

PrE'CeluerA - BRln ,Sil"lce Rr = '13 = Ril"l for Iy~ dipole. +heYl

4-55.

WQ.Vl?fr0Yl t (elitoht.lJ SurjQ(e.)

In general) Lt co.n be sho('u11 thQ.t for 0. wO-tie front

I~I _ j fl el.

lEo)1 - eel + S)(ed' s)

eik.ona\ surfo.ce we ha.ve

e, a.~d e~ ore ro.dii of curvature

J

of wa.\JefronT.

Wo.uefror..t Cl.t .so

wa.uefrOl1t o.t !; ~S'o

Wheh ihe waue froYlt is lEI

- -

--

150\

72

4-55. (Cont 'd)

fto.t

.§' Is field o.t observo..tioYl po Ll1t. Eo lS field; o.t reflectlol1 point.

$urfu.ce Source o bservCNtiOlll, . . f

~ s/ Ra.dtltsof cL.lY'IIa.ture 0

~-==::-:::: . wa.vefroVlt not cho.l'1jecl. by

_ I ,.,' __ -' _.- - - reffec.tioYl.

5 .... ~ __ ..... .,._. .. ~

nlr - e T - () - 0 - C'o I \ -.2. -\,1-\1-'"

lei = ~= __

IE I s'+S

_0

1+ Sis'

SphericCl..I Surfo..re

observo..tloil

11' : r6.t\Flj 4.)19\e

\

~ I I 1 t

- - +- . I

el r - S' f I I f~ r =- S I 1" f,

In physICS I we atWDJ..s u,seol.. f, =-f, =. 0/.2. This is not va.tid here be(Q.u.s~tha.t twas va.\ic.t for nea.r no rmo..\ IYtcideV\ce j we ha.ve. n€Qr gra.~lnj iYlcjd€~ce

fi. = a(oS~ ( cperpE'ncl.icu.lo.r +0 t~e p\Q.Yte of i nc1clence '= elevo..tioh plQItE?') .2...

f::t_ =~. . C DQ,'rn.1\ ej to the plo,Yleof Incld.eV\ce -0:: Oitirnu tho.\ p.- [0.\1 e)

.2.(oSe~ . f

Th u s i \ Z .1 __ 1_ + .2 Co S e~

!3_r;;: S 1+ qcoSS..' el.'t' - .s' a.

-------

t I + S ("it + G. C:S6:) \ t 1 + s (~, + .2_CO~ &~ ) ) 1

1

1

.2SS' o:cose. S+S'

j 1 + ~.2S_S~~(,--o_5e_i_ S + s'"

=(1+:){1+

(ContInued)

4-55 (CoYlt)cl) ( ,

i fose,: = cos ~ - j/J) :::; SIn It'

1[1 _ 1. i

-- -

I!~ol

plane.

5-1.

From n5-11) ~ A = a" AfI(r,e) :::. a j kpo>'.Io>sinS [ _'_ ] -SkY'

- %; 4r I-+jk"r e

(0.) US'l'I3 (3-2.0.) Cl.l'loi (Vl.-~~) 0

H - _l { 1\ I r a , ;;>M-J

_ -I" VXfj 'i ar rSine a& (A~ <SIne) - W - 0 0

-t- ~ -f r 6i'ne ~~ t.- (r A,,)] 1- ~ H ~ cfel- ~J J

which red.ucE'S to

/j ~ { ci'r rS\)19 kCApSltlS) - ae + t(rA~J 1 Usinj the Ap from o.bove

H - .!. { A ____l___ ~ [ , left a~Io Sin 9 r 1;- -, 1_] e3~"]

_ -_f at" rSitlG de J 4r J-Rr

_ aa ~ dd)'" [j ~o.iI. rosine (I + -:;~I'" ) ejkjJ

4 J

which Can be wt"itteYi as

H :::. J- .Jta.;tlo cose (1+ _.1 )ej~r

'r ..:l.rl. J-kr

Hs = - (iI!a.~;osine [ Ii- 3~~ - dn-:..] ej1n'

H.0'::: a

(bJ Usl~ &tLlo.tiOVI (3 - (0) with J:= 0 o.lo~ with the I:J -f ield Co m pone nt~ }ToW! o.bo ee

I I......" I [~. d H ~] }

~ = JWE 'VX IJ ::: J'we {a.r (0) + 0.6 (0) + a~r a'" (rHe) - de J

w~ich reduces to

(-ka.):"1o sinG r -, t_] ej~'r

E% = ~ 4- r L I + J -k r

The &arne expressions CQ.n be obta.il'le~ USlhj (3-15) with th~ AJ6 from porK a. .

75

5-2. Accct"dJnj to the du.a.lity -theor-em o.nd. "the dua.\ q ual1titiE?S

o..s outlirteol. in Table -3.2. .

Electric Dipole MD.jne-flc Dipole.
E ~ H
-
H ~> -E.
Ie ~ Im
E ~ )J
» ~ E
tc ~ 1<.
'1 ~ 1/'l.
1/'1.. .¢9 t Thu-s aPPYIV\J the above. to t-he fieldS q a.n electric dipole, a..s 3'I.l6!Vl ~ (4-80.) - C4-IOc) ) we obiCllV\ -+he fiE-ld.s 0) 0.. ~a~etic dipole 3lven ~

E - C

r-

Ee::: 0

E = _' 4tlm isinG (1+ _.1_.) e)~r

% J 41ir J itr

Hr =.L ~ t CoSO (I + ;t:-) e-j it}-

"'l .:! rrr a Jr

H~ = j ~ ~Im {~iYle [ 1+ l& - (~~)~] eJkr

41Tr J

H¢ = 0

76

5-3. Rr (1 furn ) ;;0 .zon ~ ( ~)4 :=. .< 0 TT~ ( + )4-= 0.31-583 ohm s

R'r ( 4 turn ) ;;;;: N:t Ry (1 ;tUYYl) :: 4.2· ( 0.31583") ;: ~ O:? 32 O~.MS

R (A +,,'_) R (1 .I. ) 0. i l..:!,uo 1 ~1T(IO'l'. (4.11"' 10"")

L ;.L MAr n :;:: nf·· ,o..u.tn = b ~p =1011")('10-3 2.-( 5",17 (IOq)

Rl·:;; RI,f'::: 0.02.65

RL (4:tw",,) =' Romic =: ~ Rs ( ~ + 1)

Rs = ~ ~~o:::: 2.'IT KIQ'1x(4lTXIO-") _ 8 .' -4

-' () .2. C£).rtXIO?) - . 32;Z3 X[O

Ro = NRs ::: 4' (8.3..2.23 )(10-4)

z rrb 0 I:' 98

..llr(lo-3) -"",;>~,

Rp '::. 0.& frow Fij 5·.:26

R"

orid

Thus

W /I. I t~) _ A Yl ..:t A!ll Tr S 10 lsi Y1~e 1\

_.o.v~ :;;: 0:1" "i Re (11He - ay ::z.. I He! ~ o.r:2.. ll\:J.. I ~ =:. D.r WI'

Ro.~ = u. w . cis :: (2TTJ IT at Wt'· Qr r:tSiYl6 de.df5:::: _:ZTf (.TT Wr r~sln$ de

J:Y - o.ve - J. J(l

.s. () 0

= TI ~ III ~<r.1 ~ CSind& d & = 4;11 I (lf~:I{-

iI' +J1·\2.

= 1l Ii" (~o.)()

77

5-5.

5-6

A ::::; 0."" J' ~a:>. Io stne (I+~) ej-r ~ ~ J' ijua:~ Io e-)~~ sine

- ~ 4r J~t' 41'"

iron) ~ u at to\1 (5 -I f1) ai10l l'" -l) J.a.r"3 e .

USIYl~ C3 -~ea.)

Er ~ Ea ~ 0 'L 'J.

~~r ~~r

E .-... -is« = _'W(j' ~p(.\.=!.Ioe StYle):"1 nsloe StYle

~ - J 1:J 4r 7\_.=!.Y

!..Onere S = Tfa.·\ y[ = V%

also ~i~ [3-58 b)

HI" := H% ~c

).l-Ra. ~ I e-jircr .s -'.wr

He -:::: J' ~ A pi = j * (j I o. sin & ) = - If :to e I si Y\ S

t L 4r 'A"- r

Rr =r .zo 'JT~( C )4 =. ..20 .Tr~ (.?lfa,)4 i\ = 3)1; loB::: 30 m

»; 7\.' 10"

0·73 =. '<'OTf~C.:z~a.)4 ~ Q.== O.039.2.47\.:::: /·1'77 meters .J.

0,113 N ::: 300 =9 N :: .20,.2.7<' :::=.20

Rr (:20 :turr}s)::: Cl,'73(20(:::' ,zl'.z.

C P~:::.Aem·W4·et::: ~~Dof*'(IO-6)= .If(!)(I-If'1~)·IO-6

.;: (30)~ (1).( 1- 1.2'1'.2-3001.2.)'10-6= O.[67«X(O-.3wo.tts

4TT;t. .29<'+3C10

Q.

b,

5-7, 'J../

C\ = /.30 b =: ]I./3Q 0

. }

a.. ~ince a. ~ i'-13o « ?I..

Do:::: 1.5' ::: fJT61 d5

b. J~t''::: 201i~C j:r~'= 2crr<- CI~)''' :::.20Tr~(I·~'<4 xlo!).:::o.3'7?8 o~ms C =. 21TU:::: 2R (to) =~A.

RI" Cst~1e turl'\ /;::: 0.371'8 0 h I'M S Rr C c turns) ~ 13.6173 ohn-is

(Contin ueJ)

78

5-7. (Co nt 'd )

~ 141T~C50XI06) XIO-7 =: zrr/57) XIO-~ == 18.6o? xli4l

{ 57 ~7

RL =: 6 ( NB<J ). 18· 60l' x [0-4 (0.65-+ 'I)

, ?\jdoo

= 6 (10)( 18.6of) (1.65)XI0-4.::: I~ 84.:2.3!X 10-4

I~\_ (6 turl'ls) ::::. o.184~.31

(Sihqle) Rk = 7t/30 I ZlTf (4rrxlo-?) == to /4Tf:"f X 10-7

J A/aOO Y .<. (5.7 X 10") 5·7

== ZTT C IO).m X 10-4 ::: 186.0919 x W""'J.

-1- ( c tu.rns) RL = 186.01'19' (6)C /.65) x I ()-4.::: IJ8 4.< . .31 X to

l'S$

Gro = 1.48005. ~ ToW Mo.)(iI'rlLJ'r'rl 3 ... ·(V1 does itot i'flcl(.lqe, tile. t!?t1e£,ti"

5-8. -s:::30MHi!"" A=IOm I -ko..= ~~(O.lS)= o.oaTT =o.O?42S(ra.ciJ Rr = N.4 lfY( .. (ka)4 = 64 )( rr~ I~o x (0.03 Tr)""= O. 't'T68.J2

6 6

~ ! . .. I . . -5« b

': -J Trf_fo d = J rr x30 '1.106 x 4IP({O-'7 X 5.Q J( 10'7 = I . .zP1 XIO 'WI

1- jurYl: RL = ~ :::0, IS... .. -5 == 0..2/6.2...12.

6·bD 5.'I.l(I~7)(O.oolxl,2.l'1XtO ...

8'- turVt: RL = ex RL (I-turn) X C.& + I) c/b;;; 1.8 =9 Rp =0.5

R~ ~

" RL = 8 x co. '<'16~) x 1.5 ;: Z. 5~4..f2..

eCcl. .::: R r _ ____o_, 'T_'T_6_B __

Rr + Rl 08?68 t<.5?4

C. 2. '18 = .<'7, 8 Yo

'13

5-9. A sm~1I Loop IS @9lA;\IG\leht to o..n ihfi~ites i tna.! ma_jVletic dipole lUhose axts is vertica{ to .:the pia.Y1e of the ~oop provtdeol -tho.:t

~ 1 :: J S ~1o when> Im is the Current of -Hie MajY!etic. dipc Ie j Q i s i-k le~th) S:: ITa.a.:::: Q.rea. of the loop, a.rd .Io ::: Cu.rrent" of the ls« p.

Thus the fields of thE> Loop Can be obtClIVleo{ :from t hose of un equ i vo.lettt mCljn~c dipole.

a.. Whet'! the loop ties OVl :the J i--pla.ne I :the field.s Ca.Yl be U)ritteVl ..

UStYtj ( 5 -~o 0.) -( 5 - JOd) for y- -t la.~e I as

E :::::. -' krrn te-jRr s'n 111 H ~ E~

% J 41lT I 1 > 'If '"l.

(..)here sIYl1p.:. ~ 1- cosl.~ == ~I- (ax' at-I ~ =: J 1- sirl~e COSJ1

Imi = j S ~.Io =::j !fa ~ 4J_)tL

-·.J(r Ex

ThLtS E :=. a.~'f}4.~IoeJ /1- sin.l.A cos'1c ) H1f = YL

X 4r

b.

SlYlCe the field po:ttem of the a.l1tenna.. lS sln"4' w~ere 2f'

\s measured fro Vh Lis axis J .its di recti v i0 is :the Sal'r1 e. at q

Small eled:ric dIpole C)r sma.1l 1oO)=>. Thu.s Do = .i .

5-10.

UsiYlj the resutts of pro bleW) 5-~

80

5-11. Usirlj the Compu.ter prowo.m a't .the e~ of CnQpter 5.

a.; 7\.150 -= 0.02.?\

Do = /·4988 =: 1·7575dB

b. Q.::: ?VI C ':= o. I A

0..

l~r ::;: L).049 oj,.,ms

I

Do == /.46"t:tj = 1.6'731 cAS ~ Rr=.28.41 ohms

C. 0. = Ai4 = o. 2S »;

Do = j. z ?6? =: I. I .. ~.ql dB ~ Rr = 7.2.:3.138 Dhms

d. C\:::: 7\.12... -= 0·5 x

D « QdS . D =:. 2,2c~ .52.8 0\"»15

co -; 1.7 68 = :<.544 I ' l'-r

Therefore. -the nL(lIs o'S t~ ~rtert'l OCcUr wheYl

,J, (ka.SIYl6,,):::0 ~ ko.sinsn:;;:. 0) 3.84) (tol) 10.l9, ."

E)('ch..(di~j e ==6 , -1 _ I "

. -13.84, _ ,-I( 3.e4 ]::: SlY} (o.488~) -.2<;».27 _ { SLY! (---::WO:-J - SI n 2TI( '.25)

Q~-

sin-I ( 7.0l) = s·tYl-1 r 7-01 -)1 =1$(1'l-1(0.89.25) ::: 63.I?O

.wa. 2IT(t-25

5-13. Since Ej2S "\.. .II (ko..strJS)

0.. E¢! ... _ =J;Cka.otrl9)1. =Jl(O)-=O

u-o 6=0

E$a Ie =IT/2 ::::. J, (ka.&1¥18) IG ='1'0. = Jl (ko..)::: 0 => -ka. = 6.94

Thus o.=- ~ = 3~*;A. =: 0.6/H S A

b. SIVlce a'::O.GUIS A > O.b/L) use !a\'Je £oop approxiYt1Q.tioh. A([o~dil1j

"to (5 - 630.) Rr:::; 60 Tf:!' C CIA) = 60 rr~e~o.) =- 601f~(..2rr (0.61115»)

=:. :Z.'< 1,73 . ? -4

C The diroctilli~ lS 31 ven ~ (5'- 63 b) , or

Do =: 0,68.2. (;:) = 0.68:2. (':2-;: ) == 0.682 (.z1T)(c.6IUS) ==.:2.619

81

5-14. E~ "'- J; (ka.SinS)

Q. ~Ml. = J1 (ka.sine)\ . =-Jdk;-):o => ~ :=3.84

"., e~oo &:301:>

From 'the Ta.ble foY Ji(x) In Appendix V . Th\.(s 0.= .~ (3.84-) =: ..2(3.84) A = 1.2.2.2..1\

k .:lIT

b. E~ I""", = E", IIfAsi~e = 1<14'" 3, (1·84) ,,0. SBI52 = - 4.70 NB E,e [~=yo" == 3IC-ka.) =. J. [~( 1.2.2.~ A)] = II (7·678) =- o.1I7S"

Thus = - 15.{3'rQ!3

AE:: E¢ le::!foo - E%/tno.x = -15.1.3T -(-4.70Y) = -/t:>'4-3c.(13

5-15. E,12S ........ 3. (ka.lSlna)

a. Actbrd.inj To tne Table for J"l ex) LYl Append: x V ~(l()::'o tUheh X =- OJ 3·84 J 701) iO .'9, . - * -

S~hce we Wa.nt 0. null IVI :tn~ pla.Vle of "t11e 1aop (e ~ 00) aY)d two a.c(dLtiOho.L OVlE'S for 0° ~ e- ~ qoo, t1,en

ko.&i. ne ! 'WIax:: -kasi}1 a I Q "" ~oo ;:: -1<0.. = 7· 0 I

ThlAs. '101

0..::: -i- = 7·0 I .J\. =- 1.1157 l\

rt.. .L 1i"

b. The hulls witl occur a.t

f)= 00 and 1800

Q::: ~o'

e. VIc{ .wa.sl n e 1='-3. 84 a:.:: 1-1157'"

::;> e = SIy}-1 r 3.84 J::: 33 . .2.,· .:lTT( 1.115'7)

a.nc1 e::. 180 D _ 33. ZI 0 = 14-6. '7<t' 0

82

5-16.

A . ~ ft

§: ::: a..e- C1 JI ( ka.c:IYJ6) whereC 1 is a. coV\,sta.n t -9 f HI ~ 0..J'"

nne( PLF ==1 fw . PCl.1 4= I~' fo.lJ.

By IrtBpectlOYl/ the' PLf is mo.xlmi~ecl if -the pYbbe antenna.. IS o.lso

ti~EtrrlJ polat"l~d In the, dived:'io'tl. T1rtis Can be acroWlpllshcd ~' Ush~ us a. probe antenna, anoiher loop ClYl:renl'la. ~ that

~::: ~ a.nJ PLF =: I ~. a.~I~;:::.1.

ovtcl. h1a.~ others.

5-17. A very small loop of cot'ls.ia:nJ: current- is equivalent- to a majnettC

d.ipole. SIVIce the loop IS placed. Jor both parks (a. Cl"~ b)

pe-rp e ndicuJar ;t:o .the. xy - pla:ne c the plane of the [co p;s perpendicula- ..to the. xJ - plQ.l'le), iheo,x; S' 01 the. .t.Jneo.r majnetlc.. dipole.. to ill al so be puraJlei to the )( y - plane. There force accord i ncr TO

FirA.re. 4.12.0., the IrtlClje of thehorironta.i rt1CtJl'let-ic dipole.. WILl be c.s shOl.o'Vl' in -this ftjure... ~n tum the (In'''j fac:tor fbr both purrs (a. a.YId b) of -tl1js prDble'm U)ill be the.same a:s thak cf

the ver-tieJ. e{ed:ric. dipole. of Fir ... re. 4 .13 or

A F.:::· .2.' CoS C ~h CbS e )

( Contil1u.ed.)

83

SiYl(e the actuo.l source o'Vld ..the IYl1Qje

a.re oriented. lYi llle Same oLi rectio \1 , Therefore Clccordi~j .to (5-..2.1o.)-(S~2rrc)

Ac tua.l &ou.rc€,

h

0..

b. Plune of the foop [S po.ro.llei to the J-z-plo.:ne.

The fielqs ]n'r this problem o..re the so.»"Ie as those i'YI pcU',j: 0...

a.bove el(cept tha.t

sin1f ~ JI- cos.Llf ;;J I -lcl:lC"a"'r/.2 ::t JI-SlY{"e Ccos)z

5-18.

h~ ct>

*v177/77111777 7 ~ 7) 7 7 n " n /7 )

c:oo ~ l h ~ 1':'06

trr: n. 'i.'f;'I;'a.

b.

h=A., 'kh::. 21T

sme [.2jsln (:2JrcoSe)] =: 0 I sln (2TfCose) ==.0, zn ('6se = nIT,

YI:::'O,I,.l

84

5-18. C Coned.) {3. I a : l-

e. l~h_':::' Cs'll1~si~ (.fthcoSS)/e;:;60o::: 0 ~ c{i. ),sln(J. h· 2.) .:: c· 2' ,SIY) (¥)

siY)(~);:::o::::} ~:Sl~-I(o):::.mr)n:::o>lI2/3J"-

~ =±t1 =? PhystcJ Non Jero hejht =' h = Yl A, n =-1) .2, 5, ....

5-19

,

a. Arro..y Factor:: :ZCos(khcosa) ~ ~ 7'77777777

~ k~ CoS; Sri :: Co S-I(o) = 't11T/Z... 11= ±t > ±3, ±S • >: , •

en =: Co &-1 [ ~~2. ] :::: Co&-[ (~ . ) =: cosl ( ~~ )1 = Co 5-' (t)

* h h::. )\/.2.

e -I I •

\ = Cos (±2:) =60 .. 83= COSI(:t:i,) :::. does not exist·

5-20. From problem 5.1'1 (0..)

EJl- c =C1COSCkh(oSe)JI-&ln~SI't1~1

?-?o e =-450

9=45° -,='t,o'J

z: C1 COS (kh cose) CosCO) I

9=45°

= o.7oq· C1.·C()S c1i-) =0 '9 ~ = COS'(O)~ ~n , )1::::'1,3,5.1'"

For t~e smallest helJht'

"kh = 1T ~h= a.1I. = Vi A=- o 35'35"')\.

-{2 2. :2.. 1ct 4 -

5-21.

a. R - a.J"',f1) \ ':UT(3X/oIlJ(41l'XW-'7) 1f. [g:t.

L - b ... 1' = ..... O.(I"~4)· 7 =- - - x/o

... u -L U ~, S. 7 )t 10 < 0 G·'?

;:: 2.2'7 Y IS- ohl1ls

.4 J..S.l.. ~ )(nr.=):t. 4·rr6 - 0 '7"L-

D. 1<\"= 120.1l·(3'lf)·CT) =1)o·1l'CiTT «0)4 ::;::8Q·(400j;L-J.,:.22. OO~

((-$-= rrcTc; )~)

C. in4UCtllle, re octo..\11 ce X A = l.)lP,

LA -=-}1cr a -(in (e: ) - 2 J ;: 41rX'(()-~ (:;; ). [In (~\o '1~-4) -2. ] = 2.648X\O-'7

(~a:: :;'., b=IO-4j\co) "" I\.=IM, f:'3)(I08

Y.A= l·lTf-LA=" 2_tr.(3J1.I08).(2.648X1o-7) = 4-<rjl.I5a

:. XA )7 (1<\. er Rr)

B5

5-22. From ellW.tioli (0--24)

Rr = 'l ( f) ({<<A) 2. ~ ~ '3 ·Ck~)~-: /2oTT. ~Il". ( 2~~ ):l.

:::. 1.20' ~. 4· 7r~ ( ~2.) J. =. 311 70.?6? . ~42.

b

AR:EA ,$::::a.b}

b

5-23.

III Far - Field (-kr» 1 )

~ =- E aA - _' ~ Ii~ d • e;-Ie. r

- p! P - :J 7 4l['r . .x.e.

reJ I c n

( -71 e. : E' ft'ed \ue. Re1 t~ )

86

5-24 ..

5-25,

C.::: 21tCl ;:: I!Ai\. ~ 0..::: ''.z¥ ';:;: 0, 22..2B.A.

J1. = 2 ttl (2Tr 6) = .< Qn (Z1l' O.2.2.l8 ) = ? 0 0.01555

a. FroWl F i(ture 5. II

t;'i'l"l_ = RLYI +j X:i .... = 22o-j40

b.

lr \ = 1- __ f:tft - le .. / ==- 220 - j4u - 300

=0·1'115

~-~~ + 2c · 2.20 -j4C + 300

VSWR = 1+ lrl .:::! + o· 1'715 ::. 1.414- I-Irtl -6.1715

I ~ 3

'ti-Il=- 7. =.2io- '40 = (4.4 + j O. 8) X 10- -= Gr + j \3 c

;Z::.1'1 - - J

To YeSonQJe the cir-cu.;t, the unknown elel'h€VI:t- must MJ)e an indue-true admittctl1Ce

of

c

Be. _

=.0.9 XI01

= c. Q X lo-3(21T")( ,0El ) -s

L =...!.Q_::: L t8<f X 10"6 h

'·611"

There fote -the. unKnown "Ierne)'}±- o.cros..s. The t:ermir)a.1 S

ot -the f~ ntust be an inductoY' 0 f L:::. 1.l'8'? )<106 henries

a. From Fiju.re 5.1\ Co., b) ~ iY\:::' 'fo -j 110

b. Il'ldu.crol"; XL. =- T 110 =GJL;::; 2Trf L

110 --'1'

- --,)(10 2tr

'10 - 78 -=.. __E:.. :::; 0 01714

?o + '78 16B .

VSWR = I + II""" I == 1+ 0.0'114 = l.or"J14 - 1.1538.

I - Irl ,_' o.otrt4 o.~285

87

5-26. a. From Fjure 5. II (h) ~Il'l ~ R:n T j Xi.,;:: R\1::::} ~11 ==0 When __(l, ~ 2ln(2lt~)::- 12 ~ <rr(a,lb)=e6=403.42?~~ =64 . .2.1

II 9 21r (6./b):: eS.5:::; 244. 6? 2 q ~ :: 38. Y 4-

!s

10 ~ 2rr(a/b) :: e =148.413 => ~ == 23.62.

'1 ~ :vf{o./b) = e~5 = 9D.017 7' ~ == 1+.33

b These occur (.J~en t.he sma.lIest circuMfereYlce 6f ;Be loop IS < from FljU.V'e. -5. II Cb) "/

-~ ....Il ==12.. ~ C = z:rra. ~ 1.08 7\. ~ a.:::: 0.117 'If A ~ b =- o.PTl9 Nt4 . .2.1 =2.68 )(10/\

.n.;:: II ::;>C= <lTo..::= 1.1 ol\ =? U;;: 0.1'15 7\. ~ b =0. ['?SA/3B. '(4 :=;4-4~6Xlo~)\ ../l :: 10 => C = ZITQ .-::: '·l4- r: =9 0.:.0.(814)\::9> b=:; 0.18147\./23.62 = 768 x lo~i\ ...Q:: q => C :::= 2.iTo. 0: I. .28/\.=} a:: 0..203'7 7\.:? b = O. ~03? ?-;l4.:13 :: 14.<16.1((03;>..

5-27. Ic%)= .r, CoS¢

- r, 1~1t -;kR -jk~.llf 1_" -,

0.. A (f) = L Q. <f:s COS%' *- d~' A.. ~.ro Ci\. ~ ~ COSJl(~ e) ",ar-" t"dlXl

41T 0 ,,- 4lT r 0'" r:

- Lllo e}lel"{ 1'I.[.2TT L •

-/~ aT -(h 0 ~'Slt')¢' eJrt(),S1116 Cos (p5-jt1t) r¥ I

+ a. ... I-l1T .l. j ka.stne COS(J2f-¢') _j J

~ Cos f4~ e a.f1/

e

=: ~8I~o. ~jtt {-a.f,~i" ("-il''') ei./tU&\"6 CoSc"--!,,') cli1f'

-+ ~ t.2(COSC..2~") + 1) e,ko.Strl(9 cOS(yt-~/) djt11 }

-'kr

::; f-Io 0.. e) {/I. J -k" ...

4 r aX.2. ( aSIYlS)Sln J¢ - OJ J..l (Ro.S·I"lSJ cos.J.%

+ 0; Jo (ko.S'IVl6) S

~ P Io 0. ei ~r{ 1\ . ." I r' }

2.. T -~L.(ka.SLnQ)C.OS'+ aj zlJ~c.kll.slru.l)+ J;.(-ko.SI\'lB) J

- ).JIo o, ..e.wt"{ ... '" 01 (-ka...sIYi e) J

- "2 r -aps J< C.{el\StYlS) CbS?, + ali

J *0. S(n~

(Contjnu~d )

88

5~27 (cont)d)

Arp 2;" -ttL 0. e.Jtn· f J"2 C ka.SLYlS) _ ~ (-ko. ~lYle) 1- CbS~

2 r I 'k.G\. >Sl Ylt9 J

=: ,AIo a. e>"'" ".. ,

. -z- y- J1 (-RuSt n Q) c» S[6

As ~ 'proD. ~~r X (ka.&t\16) COS~ &1Y1ft'

2. WQSiYl9

E~ -'\.- J' q-kt.i. e1h / '

-2 .r, v Ji c-ka.slnB) Cosft

Ee ~ J Yf -ko. 10 e i~rJj (~a.lSin6 ) ,

z . y:- .. Cc)$G smf5

kaslYjQ

b. a ~ 0 J ¢:= "./z E~ =0

!. -jkr

fa e: ~Cl. Ie ~ 4 r

-/'4 . l.w.o.)~

Wav ~ I 1;... =: 2I I

2.rz 32 0 r-l.

U (e:o) JZI= I) = 3; 10 (ko.) J.

5~28. 0.. Fro.." Fi~lAre 5. 14 (0.) -the SlYI",Uestcho.'I'1jes L'n re.a..ci::o.nc€ for th~ Stl'ta.Ile-s.t V) (n < 7\) 0 ccur (0 he 1'1

2. -koh =: 2 .. 85 => h ~ <.81.15 - 2. .~5 Ao =- e. 2..2.681\0

2. 'II: 0 'R. (.:'21[)

b. For- «. 2koh~-2.85 .::? -.4.R/Ro ::-0-4 <from Fry.AYe. 5.14{o,»

"Thus AR""_ - o. 4Ro

and Rr = Ro -tAR:::::. R., - 0 .4Rc = o. 6 R~

AccorcliVl3 -to (S -..2:4.)

Ro;; 20 Tr2.. ( ~) 4 = '<01f -l. (.2~~ r~" == 201[.). ( ;_~ )4-== c. f787S1

"The rtfo y<;t

Rr ::: 0.6 Ro ::; o. 6 ( o. fl8'7 57) ::::: 0·47.25' ohMs

89

5-29 0.. Ril1:= Ry = :'<0 lTOt (~)4- =20 IT ~ C2:~~_a) 4:::;.2.0 1T:t (~ (~7T) 1-

;; 0.3158, 1\..= 3r~~ '0::;: 0.3 n, -9 0. ~ l~ ::: ~~;. ::: o. oo?" ....., X in Q '7'00. rl"(~) -1'75 J ='<Jr (101) 41rXIO? t.~;) [1" (9 ~ )-m] ~ sn (3) [J..Y1 (40o)-I.l(S ] ~ 319.799

Ril1 s: 0.3158 ) XI'o1::::: 319· 798

b. 2"koh == ~ (2)(D. 06 '}..).:;: O.f"j'53'f8

N 6';' . e· . . 'T 4 -9'-4 4-

·1 =I~-t-JW I =}(/I +j4J€-1 =- I04-tJ.2ltXIO x (36tr XIO ) =>10 +)'9

JW€o ro.". '..4;.. .'L' - JIS ::::: JG.JC1

N I = ~ 6,.-tjW€\ ':::::: )\5~€' == - ~ := ~ tr~ ::: ~ 4 = 2. =V N\~=4.

J Wte> J Wee "V~

C· ~ Ro :;:: C.3158

USi'M Fiqure 5. 14 Cd) :::) ~R ..,__ 1.0 ~ kl£ -== 0 .. (6 ~ -

cr J D . ':'!- o. \ Ro =O.63ISB

C. Ri~ = R,Yl -+4R == 0·3158·( 2.) "" 0.6316

X;~ :::;:. Xi.., + 4.X c;:: 318. rrYB + 0.03158.= 319. 8.:J.. <t'~8

d.

1 .~:::.. i!in -:Zc O.63{6 tJ3IQ.8.2.7S8 -300 _ 438.0'78 ~ 133.£07" I" ril'l + ~c. -- o, & 316 +j 31'r. 82 fS8 +300 - 4.38.1'42."::: 46. if'll

-=. o .. 1f''i:' 80 L 86· 33Sc>

e

VSWR.::; I -t I" .. I _ I - i!in I

1+ o.ngo 1- o. ~ Y80

.90