20.1 What is biotechnology ?

substances that want

Biotechnology involves using living organisms to carry out
processes that make we .

using microorganisms

Biotechnology usually makes use OF

microorganisms like bacteria and fungi since
they are =

small &
easily grown in laboritaries .
Don't take up much space & reproduce quickly .

no ethical issues .
People don't mind if we do anything to bacteria & fungi ,
unlike if

we used animals .

all organisms , including bacteria & humans have the same genetic material - DNA .
We can take

genes from human cells and place it into bacterial cells

,
and it will work to produce human proteins .

bacteria have 100ps of DNA called plasmids Plasmids transferred

.
are easily -
we can use plasmids

for from organism 's cell another

moving genes one to .

21.2 using yeast

Yeast is a
single - celled fungus .

Yeast can respire anaerobically .

glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide

This is also known as fermentation .

making biofuels

yeast
plants → sugar / glucose ethanol / bioethanol fuel

Use amylase enzymes on maize .

Amylase breaks down starch to glucose .
Yeast is added and it uses

in anaerobic respiration extracted by

glucose . The ethanol that is produced can be distillation .