Name Jordan Torres

“The Heart, part 1 – Under Pressure: Crash Course A&P #25”:

1. The heart powers the entire cardiovascular system.

2. “The heart is just a big, wet, muscly, brute of a pump.”

3. “The heart has one concern: maintaining pressure.”

4. “Blood pressure is the amount of strain your arteries feel as your heart moves your blood around.”

5. The heart is more or less in the LEFT SIDE MIDDLE RIGHT SIDE of your chest.

6. Fluid likes to move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

7. When you hear a heartbeat, you’re really hearing the heart valves opening and closing.

8. The atria are the receiving chambers of the heart, where blood comes back into the heart, while the
ventricles are the discharge chambers of the heart, pushing blood back out into the body.

9. You blood is ALWAYS RED SOMETIMES BLUE

10. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs .

11. When oxygen rich blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary veins back to the heart, in
enters via the left atrium.

12. Blood leaves #11 and enters the left ventricle, which then pumps blood in the body’s largest artery,
the aorta, and then out to the rest of the body.

13. After being distributed throughout the body, the now oxygen poor blood returns to the heart via the
superior and inferior vena cava and into the right atrium.

14. The high pressure created as the ventricles contract is called systole.

15. Your diastolic blood pressure in the pressure in your arteries when the ventricles are relax.

16. “The best way to break a heart is to mess with its pressure.”

Answer the following AFTER watching the video.

17. What does the term “cardiac” refer to? Relating to the heart.
18. What keeps blood from flowing backwards in the heart? Valves.

“The Heart, part 2 – Heart Throbs: Crash Course A&P #26”:

1. “CPR can help prolong function during cardiac arrest, but it usually can’t save a life without help from
a defibrillator.”

2. The high voltage shock from a defibrillator STOPS STARTS a heart.

3. Cardiac muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle cells because they have MANY FEW
nuclei.

4. Cardiac cells need to be linked in order to have the perfect timing to make your heart beat. Some of
them can also create their own electricity.

5. Some cardiac cells can also create their own depolarization. These type of cells are known as
pacemaker cells.

6. Pacemaker cells and nervous cells are similar in that they both use membrane potentials to create
action potentials, however they differ because pacemaker cells don’t need a initial stimulus in order to
trigger this process.

7. The collection of pacemaker cells that trigger the start of the heartbeat can be found in the SA node.

8. There are two tricks to a good ventricular contraction:

1. The ventricles are so large that the signal has to be distributed evenly to ensure a
coordinated contraction.
2. The ventricles need to squeeze from the bottom-up to accelerate the blood through the
big arteries at the top of the heart.

9. The entire process, from the firing of the SA node to the time when the last of the ventricle cells
contract takes a total of 220 milliseconds.
10. Out-of-sync behavior in the heart is called fibrillation. A defibrillator resets the heart and stops the
out-of-sync behavior by sending so much electricity through the heart that the trigger action potentials
in all of the cells at once.

11. CPR can’t stop fibrillation. What it can do is “force a fibrillating heart to keep circulating oxygenated
blood until help arrives.”

“Blood Vessels, part 1 – Form and Function: Crash Course A&P #27”:
1. Your circulatory system is more than just your heart. TRUE FALSE

2. Three of the important functions of blood vessels include:

1. Delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells.

2. Carrying away waste products.
3. Taking part in maintaining blood pressure.

3. Arteries carry blood AWAY FROM TO the heart.

Veins carry blood AWAY FROM TO the heart.

4. Bruising is evidence of internal bleeding.

5. The cells of the endothelium are smooth, epithelial cells that line the blood vessels and continue on
into the lining of the heart.

6. “The smaller the diameter of the blood vessel, the harder it is for blood to move through it.

7. Blood leaves the left ventricle through the aorta, the body’s largest artery.

8. These arteries get smaller and smaller arteries until they enter the smallest of vessels, capillaries.
This is where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes occurs.

9. Three of the important functions of capillaries include:

1. Exchanging nutrients and gases.

2. Helping to regulate blood pressure.
3. Playing a role in maintaining your body thermoregulation.
10. Because the pressure leaving the capillaries, then entering the venules, and finally the veins is so low,
many veins have venous valves to help keep the blood from flowing backward.

11. In the amount of time it took you to watch this video, your body probably circulated about 52L of
blood.

“Blood Vessels, part 2: Crash Course A&P #28”:

1. You are more likely to die from diseases related to your cardiovascular system than anything else.

2. Hypertension [chronic high blood pressure] can cause serious damage to both the heart that creates
the high pressure, and to the blood vessels that have to withstand that extra pressure.”

3. 1 in 3 adults in the U.S. has high blood pressure.

4. resistance is anything that hinders flow or increases friction. In most people, the biggest factor that
affects resistance has to do with vessel length.

5. The ventricles of the heart create very HIGH LOW pressure while the atria
tend to have HIGH LOW pressure.

6. Your brain can help you deal with wonky blood pressure by altering the distribution of blood flow
around the body, or by changing the diameter of certain blood vessels.

7. Other short-term effects on your blood pressure come from your hormones. A great example of this
is in your adrenal medulla response.

8. The best way to deal with blood pressure issues is by changing blood epinephrine.

9. An increase in blood flow or resistance leaves the heart struggling to do its job. The heart could deal
with it by becoming musclier. More muscle requires more oxygen. The body can’t create more blood
vessels to deliver oxygen to the new muscles, so the muscle is hungry. A muscle who’s nutrient supply is
greatly diminished will slowly die. When it happens in your heart it’s called heart failure.

10. Arteriosclerosis occurs when your arteries become more stiff.

11. An aneurysm occurs when a blood vessel leaks or burst.