Use of growth regulators in grapes grinding by in vitro method

Abdulmalik Batukaev1,2, Magomed Batukaev1,2, Diana Palaeva1

1
Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia,364907, Cheripova str., 32, tel. +7(8722)29-00-04
2
Chechen Research Institute of Agriculture, Russia, 366021, Chechen Republic, Grozny,
Guikalo, Lenina str., 1
e-mail: batukaevmalik@mail.ru

Modern viticulture of Russia should be based on the production of certified planting stock.
The production of planting material of the highest categories in the Russian Federation is absent.
The main goal of the research was to improve the technology of clonal micropropagation using
growth regulators. The task was to obtain a healthy planting stock of grapes and to introduce a
certification system for planting material according to the pattern of European countries. The object
of research were complex-resistant varieties of grapes. As an initial material, intensively growing
green shoots of grapes were taken, which were cut into single-eyed cuttings and further carried out
the isolation of meristems in laminar boxes. The following varieties were included in the
experiment: Augustin, Moldova, Delight, Muscat Italian, Early Magaracha, Gift of Magarach,
Viorika, etc.
One-slice cuttings before sterilization of the meristem were sterilized in a 2% solution of
sodium hypochlorite. The sterilized organs were placed in a sterile Petri dish. Isolated meristems
from 200 to 400 microns with a special preparation needle and immediately placed on the surface of
the agar medium in Petri dishes. Cultivation of plant material was carried out in the first stage in
Petri dishes, then in 40 x 120 mm test tubes containing 20 ml of nutrient medium.
It was developed the method of obtaining virus-free plants is based on the fact that the content
of viruses in the diseased plant decreases towards the shoot tip. The apical meristem is usually free
from viruses. The conducted observations showed during the first stage of cultivation (2 weeks) a
part of meristems was necrotic. The remaining meristems a month later after landing have evolved
into micropiles of 2 - 2.5 mm. These micro-races were re-transplanted into the same nutrient
medium. The transplant was made into biological test tubes. The degree of survival of apical
meristems at the stage of introduction into culture in vitro in the group of table varieties (Augustin,
Delight, Muscat Italian, Early Magarach) is on the average at 50%, and in technical varieties (Gift
of Magarach, Viorica, Rkatsiteli) - 40-45 %. The surviving apical meristems, a month after
planting, were transplanted into a nutrient medium containing the same components. The
transplantation was carried out in biological test tubes measuring 40 x 120 mm, during 45-55 days,
regenerants with a size of 6- 10 cm were formed. Then these microplants were stripped and
microclones were obtained. Thus, it should be noted that 40% of the survival rate of the apical
meristems allows their further cultivation and propagation, in which the production of virus-free
planting material.