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Ideas in the
Social Science
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Concepts and Principles of the
Social Science Theories
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Science – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Concepts and Principles of the Social Science
Theories
First Edition, 2020
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This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
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In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
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As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
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This contains answers to all activities in
Answer Key the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the Concepts and Principles of the Major Social Science Theories.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond
with the textbook you are now using.
What I Know
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
a. Genetic c. Chaotic
b. Symbolic d. Stable
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3. When a society’s parts work together to maintain stability, functionalists
refer to this as _________________.
a. Equilibrium c. Anomie
b. Social solidarity d. Latent function
4. Schools pass on generational knowledge, hospitals treat the ill, and religion
provides comfort. What is it called when a social institution serves a purpose
for society?
a. Symbol c. Dysfunction
b. Agency d. Function
a. Dysfunctional c. Equilibrium
b. Functional d. False consciousness
a. Early Socialism
b. The Marxism of the Third International
c. The Marxism of the Second International
d. None of the above
9. The term _______ denotes those theories and discussions that emerged, as it
were, in the space between dogmatic Marxism - Leninism and the reformism
of social democracy.
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10. It is a social class which owns the means of production (i.e. land, factories,
machinery, raw materials, and commercial organizations which are used to
produced goods and services).
12. Which of these DOES NOT belong to the Marxist Three Levels of Culture
Model?
a. Infrastructure c. Superstructure
b. Structure d. Value
15. The label symbolic interactionism was formulated by _______, which is the
process of interaction in the formation of meanings for individuals.
a. Blumer c. Dewey
b. Robert K. Merton d. Max Weber
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Lesson
The Major Social Science
1 Theories
The social sciences are not only composed of disciplines that showcase
how it views and studies every facet of society. The disciplines prove how social
science is applicable and practical, meaning that the social sciences are things
that you can use every day to understand reality much better. Without the
disciplines, the social sciences would not exist at all.
But the social sciences also have theoretical foundations and ideological
thrusts. That is why apart from the disciplines, the social sciences have what
we call the dominant approaches and ideas that are present within the different
disciplines. These are the roots of a discipline, or better yet, the very inspiration
of the different social sciences. A particular approach or ideology has the
capacity to influence all of the disciplines, for the theory that each ideology
provides encompasses all of the disciplines and affects them in many ways. This
module shall discuss different dominant approaches and ideas that are present
in today’s society, and how each of these approaches and ideas play a role in
the character and everyday living of society.
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What’s In
Direction: Choose three (3) disciplines of social sciences and cite the major
events that occurred in social sciences and its contributions that led
to its emergence. Use a separate paper for your answer.
Major Events/
Disciplines
Contributions
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What’s New
Direction: Fill out the KWL chart below with the information you have heard,
discussed, and learned. Use a separate paper for your answer.
L
K W What have you
Major Social
What do you know What do you learned about this
Science
about this topic? want to know topic? (You must
Theories
about this topic? answer this after
reading the lesson.)
Structural -
Functionalism
Marxism
Symbolic
Interactionism
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What is It
Functionalism
Concepts Description
Functionalists believe that without collective
conscience/ shared values and beliefs, achieving
social order is impossible and social order is
crucial for the well-being of society.
They believe that value consensus forms the basic
Collective integrating principle in society. And if members of
Conscience and society have shared values, they therefore also
Value Consensus have similar identities, this helps cooperation and
avoids conflict.
Value consensus also ensures that people have
shared: Goals, Roles and Norms. Norms can be
described as specific guidelines of appropriate
behavior; for example, queuing when buying
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things.
Functionalists believe that there are four main
basic needs that an individual requires in order to
exist in society.
Social Order
They also believe that these four basic needs are
essential for maintaining social order. They are:
food, shelter, money and clothing.
Durkheim believes that education transmits
society’s norms and values. Education brings
together a mass and changes them into a united
whole which leads to social solidarity.
Parsons (1961) believes that education leads to
universalistic values and that education performs
Functionalism and a link between family and the wider society which
Education in turn leads to secondary socialization.
Education also allows people to train for their
future roles in society. Schools instill the value of
achievement and the value of equality of
opportunity.
Education helps match people with jobs suited to
them.
George Peter Murdock believes that the family
provides four vital functions for society: sexual,
reproductive, economic, and educational.
Functionalism and The family is the primary point of socialization in
Family that it provides children with values and norms.
Family also stabilizes adult personalities.
A family unit provides emotional security for each
person in the relationship.
The media operate in the public interest by
reflecting the interests of the audience. It portrays
Functionalism and public opinion.
Media The media understands that society has a wide
diversity of culture and this is shown by the
different amounts of stories it covers.
Durkheim shows us that there is such a thing as
society, and that it is this entity called society
that creates crime and deviance.
Crime and deviance are socially constructed –
they are not natural, obvious, or theologically
Functionalism and inspired categories.
Crime and They are concepts that were brought into the
Deviance world solely by humankind.
Moreover, Durkheim goes beyond this and shows
us how socially constructed definitions of crime
and deviance are linked into a wider social
structure.
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Marxism
Concepts of Marxism
Marxism has a dialectic approach to life in that everything has two sides.
The profit difference between what goods are sold for and what they
actually cost to make; Marxism refers to as a “surplus profit”.
Marxism believes that economic conflict produces class (rich, middle and
poor) and inherently class produces conflict.
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Schools transmit an ideology which states that capitalism is just and
reasonable. Ruling class project their view of the world which becomes the
consensus view (hegemony).
Marxists believe that a key part in the control of the Proletariat is the use
of alienation in all aspects of society, including the family, the education system
and the media. This provides the Bourgeoisie with a supple mass of workers
who do not mind working for the external rewards of a constant wage.
Marxists believe that deviance is any behavior that differs from the
societal norm. It is seen as deviant because as a society, we do not accept it.
Deviance can vary from simply odd behavior to behavior that can harm
society or is considered dangerous or disrespectful.
Symbolic Interactionism
This perspective relies on the symbolic meaning that people develop and
build upon in the process of social interaction. Although symbolic
interactionism traces its origins to Max Weber's assertion that individuals act
according to their interpretation of the meaning of their world
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Symbol is a vocal or other kind of gesture that has the same meaning
and solicits the same reaction between the one using it and to whom it is
directed.
Natural Signs are those that show appropriateness with its use, that is,
the sign is in its literal form.
Tangible anything that can be seen by the naked eye and can be touched
(physical).
In the manipulation stage, people take concrete steps to reach our goal.
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The functionalists attempt to find the
interrelationships between the
compounds of social structure.
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an integral part of the capitalist system.
If we go through Marx’s analysis, we shall
find that the only way of freeing man from
alienation is the establishment of
communism or communist society.
Symbolic Interactionism Human beings, unlike lower animals, are
endowed with the capacity for thought.
(Blumer, 1969; Manis and The capacity for thought is shaped by
Meltzer, 1978; A. Rose,
social interaction.
1962; Snow, 2001)
In social interaction, people learn the
meanings and the symbols that allow
them to exercise their distinctively human
capacity for thought.
Meanings and symbols allow people to
carry on distinctively human action and
interaction.
People are able to modify or alter the
meanings and symbols that they use in
action and interaction on the basis of
their interpretation of the situation.
People are able to make these
modifications and alterations because, in
part, of their ability to interact with
themselves, which allows them to
examine possible courses of action,
assess their relative advantages and
disadvantages, and then choose one.
The intertwined patterns of action and
interaction make up groups and societies.
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What’s More
Concept Mapping!
Build a World!
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2. How did you feel while doing the activity?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
6. Have you heard of the Structural Functionalism Theory? What have you
learned about it?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Poster Making!
C. Directions: Make a poster with the theme “Marxism in Today’s Society” and
explain your work. Use a separate bond paper.
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D. Direction: Explain how the given concept of Marxism theory affects our
society. Write at least three (3) sentences on a separate paper.
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________
2. Marxism has a dialectic approach to life and that everything has two sides.
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________
3. Marxism believes that economic conflict produces class (rich, middle, and
poor) and inherently class produces conflict.
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________
4. The profit difference between what goods are sold for and what they actually
cost to make; Marxism refers to as a “surplus profit”.
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________
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E. Directions: Interpret the cartoon below showing what happened to the
Philippines and how its society was affected by the pandemic.
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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F. Directions: Give word representations of the acronym of SYMBOLIC
INTERACTIONISM below. Base your answer on your
understanding of its concepts and principles. Use a separate
sheet of paper for this activity.
S- _____________________________________________________________________
Y- _____________________________________________________________________
M- _____________________________________________________________________
B- _____________________________________________________________________
O- _____________________________________________________________________
L- _____________________________________________________________________
I- _____________________________________________________________________
C- _____________________________________________________________________
I- _____________________________________________________________________
N- _____________________________________________________________________
T- _____________________________________________________________________
E- _____________________________________________________________________
R- _____________________________________________________________________
A- _____________________________________________________________________
C- _____________________________________________________________________
T- _____________________________________________________________________
I- _____________________________________________________________________
O- _____________________________________________________________________
N- _____________________________________________________________________
I- _____________________________________________________________________
S- _____________________________________________________________________
M- _____________________________________________________________________
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What I Have Learned
Direction: Explain what you have learned in the concepts and principles of the
three major social science theories. Make a table and list down the
concepts on the first column and its principles on the second
column. Use a separate bond paper for this activity.
What I Can Do
Directions: Show your skills by making a slogan, poster, poem, or song on how
you emphasize your concerns in today’s society by using different
concepts of the three major social science theories. Do the activity
on a separate bond paper.
This is the rubrics for your poem and song. The rubrics of slogan and poster in the
previous modules will be used in this activity.
Exceptional - 5pts
Good Work - 4pts
Developing - 3pts
Beginning - 2pts
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Assessment
Multiple Choice
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
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7. A/an __________ is anything that conveys meaning may it be an event,
pattern, action, and among others.
a. Language c. Symbol
b. Signs d. Objects
8. A __________ sign or symbol is anything associated with some other thing or
event, but it is produced and controlled by the very organisms that have
learned to respond to it.
a. Conventional c. Public
b. Natural d. All of the above
9. Which fact belong to the impact of using symbol on human beings.
a. Symbols transform the very nature of the environment in which the
human species live.
b. Symbols make it possible for the individual to be part of the very
environment to which he or she responds, thus it makes possible the
development of self
c. Symbols make it possible for the behavioral dispositions, or attitudes,
of one individual to be reproduced in another person.
d. All of the above
10. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the phases of acts?
a. Impulse c. Perception
b. Tangible d. Manipulation
11. It is a social behavior made up of communication to which individuals react;
consequently, causing a change in behavior.
a. Interactions c. Identity
b. Roles d. Symbols
12. This perspective relies on the symbolic meaning that people develop and
rely upon in the process of social interaction.
a. Identity c. Roles
b. Symbolic interactionism d. None of the above
13. It is a broad perspective in sociology and anthropology which sets out to
interpret society as a structure with interrelated parts.
a. Functionalism c. Psychoanalysis
b. Marxism d. Symbolic Interactionism
14. He is a British philosopher famous for applying the theory of natural
selection to society, and was in many ways, the first true sociological
functionalist.
a. Durkheim c. Robert Merton
b. Herbert Spencer d. Talcott Parsons
15. Parsons constructed a set of variables that can be used to analyze the
various systems. Which of the following belong to the five pattern variables?
a. Ascription and Achievement c. Diffuseness and Specificity
b. Affectivity and Affective Neutrality d. All of the above
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Additional Activities
Picture Perfect!
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
____________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
Symbolic Interactionism
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
___________________________________
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Answer Key
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References
John Hewitt, Self & Society, 9th Edition, Allyn & Bacon, 200 from
https://www.csun.edu/~hbsoc126/soc1/Basic%20Tenets%20of%20Sym
bolic%20Interactionsim.pdf
https://www.politicalsciencenotes.com/marxism/marxism-meaning-features-
and-principles/1225
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