E-mail: kansopress @ hotmail.

com
kansopress @ yahoo.com
G W l f&J13 ?&Jl dl O L Jbf 2,
f&J13 6 Z?iJI ?&JI3 I f&JI, 'Cultural
.moral

'029, i;J+ t$ jr j.. 'b ' 3 L Y l i ' G L Y I ?&JI +J

'y e l lh jb*i, . & b l ~ & & L + 3 & - 3 f & Y
a JAG
dl &+L,L.,Yl +&dl +lWI
Y L9,+JWI a L I J d I 3 olhLill, ~1291& dY*U Humanities
.f&J&b*L&3f &-
A: + rL&I +I +a Lj 4 1 &LA
.cJl93 sl.9 l.&bj~f,lf &,f Jirp l. 4 4 4
Lj jW U I 21
sf+ .&I +I + jlrS
L +YI *J&ll L,
+ , .GLYI
js>, *UI t+kJl +I, +Lor i&L()

aLIJd! J
A
, sf J$ &dl &..I 1 LLS ;# &I9 dpY!, $1
, .JYj.

u U \ 6.J u I A \ J @- dill ti;;LjYI r+I~ +

li, .4rbt;h l+&
3 JC Ll+ @,JI ipk, ,iJ,dl
p I i . i s O I ~ J +I cllli ~;i
+5 *LAY\* ;VI- j, p 1 Y J y-i Y cS*Yl awl
@In .U > L + I
j 31 &I pi L l i i &JA19Jel
Jl,Al 2s f, 'l& ,& is+ +-df p .+l+YI
.i91 UL! +-. +I LL& j- - tjdl j?l
JC JJI >L sf si;? .Q . ~ L Y Ii.91 J ~ f ,
k'j
3 + $ + $41 'JjLrlf c3+J 0 ~ 9 - 'dLsN 2,-
Lc, -j 'Wx.,l C: 9 4 ,;&
I 2Lll Y a l p
Y & '-by &A j 41- uiL.kY, .dlrJ r+, 'uT,r
.I,ci+- 21 l&4u ++I,&
$$ .li.&>
+I d2.G Jl &I L Jlj j k l IL ;?' -6,
jLYI ~ A I is1[,Kit +I atktSz 4 J& .+ .-k
j
I , 'o& j {lJl, ; J.2 3 kF- 6lS
.j&ls d l p .+%I pI +&, *I c4L,o &
31 '.-."; b > ~ , ,L> j f, 'c>L, JL L s j *Ir ';-.!,.!I

dl! 3 4 . d L Y 4 &, +lt. j &..!I ;>l+ +I +

jU I
$ ,& i$k Jy j .{MI jJ++ i j ? '+I 9 9 '04 ir;lo

+I ijU ' u L ~ Y Y b ily; >lLL, '+ +L

JL iu L. +A 'dL)'I 3 t++~ dl
'.?, ,I u $-IU-I
LOG ,I .*.9 : osljl dL)'l >
.dLYI ijcb j.L . + &k,

I 'jlu +I G l z ,.&bj .*&+ di Ll. Ft lip

lbbt
'41% W LL~
,JIi I .[+I, d y dS;. 3, '+I Jr
I L + 2- L jAb .tyl+Yl~ 9 l+'+L &b
& ;+I JLY!, ,+I a
,1
; j, 3slr; 21+I J+YI
&S L W l alj+
' )l'J l,&IS3 ' l p l h l
' U l ~ l J l dj
Mass ( * ) c u l t aL.+ Jj + d l &!L!>l aL+J
! 219 $
9
1j. t j . # 21 Society
'+A L+
,l l j >,dl
j&21LWI, C ~$4
y 01jj.
~ i+ .I,YI cy, ,-rill?!,
&I
+I +YI
j3,dl p, & i l Y d
&JI & R ~ ~ O+J

Momuse j A j L a2y 6,
WJ Uj, *
* (* *)
(*)

I & , * I +Y I , .f&l q W l
+,JY-+Y J;;31, aKF
-. LUI 03b& 3 b L d-iJI
j
.f&l & d l @I
. \ f'If &v13q~JIJ &a,& & cJ& &g *> 4,
B. R w U . L e t The Pwple Think, P.43. (1)
 :JjYl L&+> jr i;Lyl 4
1y +I +-
C & . D ~ ~ ~ J iJb

LU ~;UI~,,LJI, ,iiJ01 i :;++

~lj i,~f L&
42F $1 &J+l aY+I jr GUl L A . ! '&I& LWI &iP.
$
( ~ 2 -1 ~ 1 J2-L; Jl ~J,I!

J . Bronowski, The Common !huw of Scknce, p. 16.

J . Bemal, The Social Fuactlon of Sdence, P.4.
C . P. Snow. The Two Cukurcs and The Scientific Rcvdotbn. (*)

\A
 -
Davidson (editor) The Search for MePnlng in Life P. 1 2. (t)

\Q
R. 9. Peny, Thc G e m 4 Theory of Vdue, PP. I I - 12' (O)

ul>I2 : &I .2 *2 YFl bh 3 6c>d c>fl(T)

.\to -\tt JO ' \ f T l - '+I
+ c.24 & d l +I & ;4;L-;)ll ,~,.U\I
eJL- {
3 $J rci j Y l Jl + a l f,.UI &I; dl+

b\CL l 349-
Q d+ '4.G j +LC. dl>
i&
I

&lb “&.!I d'jjj

. ,+ +%I $+ 2 \ - ) ~ ~
di;? dl J! ?>f eJL j
G L Y I I~,.UIWII dl5 J .&lb
. f w l l&&3dIL&L9b,b iibliab,
I$ +I ;r 3Ln;iI i l L I .+I
j &PI+ ~ j

'dL$l JX; iU i.& +I dy ' ~ i h ~ l e -9, J+-

Jc JjYl eUJI ,I Instantaneous j Y I eUJl GJLC.9
j & ilk Y &'+jk
!i J.p+I L l i b .+&I W
missing Factor a2,dl &WI) + a&) +o+ L 9 b dl J .(')G+u
ii&l & -91 +A &lL" li;ll +A! +-@ill+I j
J, .+L i,.& b"+l$ ,J+ df & &+,, 'sJ
d 9 (rls. -k%$ &y-94 JI +A s l ~ Yy -ky.
6 L 6

tplb Y ;4;L! Gy.4 id 'J, .(A)&JL Az 6 9,'3

81 $Ul, .l.+~a-fj ≪ &I d,+l &!I j 2 &I

Quted in G . Sarton, A Guide to the History of Scitnce, p. 1 1 .

("1
b i d , P. 15. (A)
B. Farrington, Greek Science Vol. 2 p. 173.
K. Popper, The poverty of Historleisin, P. 1
 L.L-$,, p-FAI +Li
JGJb J+- .&'\+!I GE
;.
@G

9 7 &I 1i1
: 91 Y; I p; JLGI. +.1;- 41 p;, .;>&,
l i j i&, 6% & ,' J G l & &lS d l sL;Yl LiG, .+I j
a+ 2 &I .GYI & i@l & .+ ;C &I L
~ $ 1 vl dr d$l+!l >,& I+!, ..&I 3 && b & ;@I
Y, .(")- & & ibrJ6, '&b b>

r, LilkaJk Gk +, 'dLYI, +I & $\+!I 3;

121, &+ +$I I L &, . d b y l 4fj d,&
l . blhlI
L dI I 'by, jLYI p3 ilJL3 +&.!I G j U I JYYl
:$I a6141
;C A + GL~ q141U+I
. ",;q
;E-! ii;rsll rbG$4 U l i+YI U I +I) J s U -\ij

bL.+ b I$ &I) J.UA 'kL1 dlS & ' d l , GYl

i J &~
I
.(
; dl d l .GlklYl jp; &&, 'i;UI ;k S+ j
'hji~
Ll+, "',;L,.Jl a U l 3 Logos rJ**3JI, & LJ.i"4
'@I, '"I 3 &ljA i & J l .L ,-.;'
L+ 4 1 ap%I j
,
j ;>I> &lS d l a * U I ;C L,) L+l g .djUI, '&I,
'$4 Jy*)r!,
.&I j_wil,JI & b,J1+\
4; ;!{ 4 11" & jl+!! d L y l Gy J>b dl
jqLr L+ &.ill &+I &,dl, 'k1j1 / L Y ~ .GP dl b,
JL; ,y d U ,Jy 3 +UI ;MI & u k , +
{ 'ZL~JI, iJ+Yl9 41 dl+ j 29 . a U l , 2b$1
L A & ,S41J'u;c~ + yy 2 ~j+jLs +AI
c]"-,lJ b
' ,+ Y b-u -' b-u 51 k& F- ,l2, '+Ilk.
.by.& 31 l&2

M.Walker, The Nature of Scientific Thought, P. 143. (''1

Y0
dL)ll 2 &IJ# & fl b)lj GLYI L1
+lc>&.* Jlj? 3 JQI I
L j +jL i t -1, &i @,I

OLU, . d U I uL.01&JJ &ldI pk &JJ sly >d

,,l
&I, dLY1 (yJ & kb, 6 j l l JIG1
iljk &S
d4>Y1 j d i 'k +I,
34, ~ L L ,UIAYI, ~L..L.JI,
I 1 'iSUI &I/YI jc $A dic%yI, L U I
.Common Sense c1' U I &I 3yAl
E. Nagel, The Structure of Science, P. 447.

YV
Bernal, Science in Hlstory, P. 713. ("7
+Ul U-9,. Y l / &L)>jj h
L
l
w . J i':J &+I iL;P
f ,,AL(\f)
3 &~+,ll) d w l &dl j ?+L, .&I L& Eidos & ! I JUI
.qLJyI r,LJl j GUY1 djlJ ~ A &tI j (+Ul
 J1 & &+ &.+JI -u- )3

4 a9399 .@I, d L Y l LIJ> 'j 4CiIJI &,dl rljl

& p er;, JQ & d)b, jL Jj >*I 3 j /GI dpll
JI i$l-jl $ G I 3 U
,,I LIS.l++Yl , & d l 3 i $ b akJ>
W
;Jk3;, It OL at + 6 j$I j id\~ ~ & I ~ Y I
. "7'gJul
\I dls
Jj ( L u l l ?I-S j J$Jl
.i d$l -+&&
j,LJ!
0JlA5L u;+ $91 fUi;,t >*, L'L, ;ri
,dW u 4/
'j uJj ty), a';-dl-il,JJLl ;Li! L $ GF 'j &IUI &,
I t .+.&+ ~ I + I jls + ?J, .( j v ) g J ~ l
eLL a l i iLE, GLf aL_& JS cGJI & j-UI
&.& & & $1 i+f )+-+i. j % f -)f &jfiL+
JS &I y LUX, .b+ 3- bk* dl LUL . d l
.lJi JLS,J I t ,GJI J, PI, '+I
3 A+ > 3 &&+ y !b3 &u\
+)f

.fA -fV/ s;?UFjl

I (\o)
B a a l , Op. Cit, P. 713. (\I)
W.D. Ross, A&otk, P. 236. ( \V)
LOC. Cit. (\A)
L J + ~ ibi, ac; d , b +IS ,+i I*&YI +IS i;t
+I i, ac; L c ~ %t,+, b JL, L +IS ZL,
j+,b &ill di 91 L+& &. ,l 41 .L
LPG A, .GI;;?!
dk 4 b
w 4, G u l h- hLY1 L!)a 4
o L ~9 liJ .af+! r b 1 1 j JL 3 L&JI a U l
,& + -+st CL; Y j rbLUI ,& jJ ~ Y I ~ U I
@I &$
I, - 4&. ,a dd h -&-ill La Linguistique U I
ob,

+I f+I (y ;I,ul f-Li 'js &,& & d l +dl

PWYl I;L V b t ,JJWI -F, jLUl +, .(yt)&,d13
u ~9+ SU~I, $4;.sj + J+ L. +, &L.i t -CZ ~IJI
3 &.lJJJ c4sJ1,
- -
j I&, . . . .P161fll
. (") JIJI Ih

MetMa, No. 4; \(1966) p. 201.

-oV /
.?I bL% .:, J C&J & c r 4 l a b l cGlJUI(Y0)
. \ra - \rt / ,&UI &I (Y)I
 .&UI 'tdl (YY)
to -t* CIp ,'JJI ;+b4. ( Y t )
f+JI c Ljlp & by 4 f&~n df 3
JiJI. &&I & & U I sr&l by b&$I & j +&!I
vlti l ~ >w j .A+ jL-+ $ &-43

2 kLpl31 is dlp! j I,,LI -\i GLYI &$

I 3 I 1 I i d l ' 'JiJI '+dl

2 1 3 I I U, f .L *I flSrY~, &I
2 I '31jYI 21Jdl JJiJl; L , J .&Lf
j & &I
.G Yr, i +2 ~ A 4
I 1#-131
~LL
,. ~J ,.++ +
, a Y I , .?a1 F J ~ C J ~ ~I+Y
J $ G L y II-.; r+J ,.+Y,k j+-$I $ I
.JU+
&UL +A .+G)II P I SF j i>+ilji a Y L
I+ &.+ &I New Route ti+&I ++I j ( \ O W -\tq7)
31 d&- U f, 6~32b U ,I +!I
~ LU &$ LI,~
bGYI di df ;j,. L U I b L j3+ 4 1 iliJl 2l,dI
+I 4k 2 - U I ilbl;l ;'yill(\ V \ t +) 33 ALG b-1
'4 'w && tllfl~ 315 &I3 .>spa.^ j&Jl +I4
hi rWJ i+&l ,KiVl 41 JJ iJlr'&hb
, ci; 9 jls,
b d3 . \7hh yb 4,i;f z3wI

Browwski and Mazlish, The Western Intellectual Tradition P. 549. P O )

t*
Bernal. Op. Cit.. P: 722. (Y')
Zeitlin, I. Ideology and the Development of Sdociological Theory PP. 1 1 - 12. (YV)
 .t.v-ter L9 -1' @bJ&c31 $dl ,yu~+(r~)
zeitli op. ct., P. IS. (rf
Zcitlin Op. Clt., P. 13. (1')
.t\t - t \ v / &>#A1 c>lk Y b J+ .3(tY)
&
, JF d&l L j U 41 +I JL 4; j d,
&dl 241 +I 4; Ji*- dl yjj JjL Q W I oi.,-, .({MI
.+L')I1 +I JLf Jl$ & d l p l y 1 ilj3 j&b c.&I
c&b$ i+AI QYYLYII &lL p,3 Jr
dL L E I .Ill;jp,
*y>j ;;.? p1. .3L?'l &kJ ;UL. p.~
JlJ+ dl b * r ~
bj L s + + - d u b C ~ W J k Jby~& ~ J I ill^ -3
J , i;LY 4 4 +y+.
.( " ' U ~& C.U~Construct
 .\ *T- ff c+IUIJ ,,.hJI jaL13 '39&J( t t )
Zeitlin, Op. Cit.. P. 58. (to)
Ibid, P. 59.
Bcmd. Op. Cit.. P. 721.
 -
Ibid, PP. 723 4.

tV
p I &J9 &. 1
i 9 I, &Jl o h ( d 8 )I 'j.. ;
;-
k.,
V, 14' l+f psy J, .;rY,UI U dji LGLAYI
J d 'GL*II J l , + df l+- ' ~ I L SL,+u
. $4 pJd,l '.&q
&
' .J13 9 rkll &$I j.iY+ 2 dl5 @ L GI
0 'j.. I , I 9 'ULYI r,.U &I ~ $ 1 jii 3rj
:~ J ;l?>
&*- aY3uI

Whitehead, A., Adventures of Ideas, PP. 111.

Jl & d l f, awl O L ci;pi bf )VI L+ ?-k &I,
b U b j c l ~&+ lit!L I ~ ~ tI, JV,I J+ c.~ :+..i
i ~ p j L * l y ! , y b ~ ~ U l ~ L b f > .cii
&#%cdl*+- L t, 'LlJdl c+,a 'j ;j+ 0L.
.dLIJdl c+,a 2 '3e l,bLi)f! LI9 b4 Jgl2
& + , j . ! , y ~ Y I r ; r $ b ~ ~ ~ I ~ u l , y u b
a j. &&!j
f 'j tuI &-dill &I
L>L, b y l f l d cb &a\~bY
.dUl +b'j 4 ,SdI i& cLJ*L+
~,;)I &b+

&
, Y +.,dl
I A 2 &$bf 4141 h >A 3f k! JWd
'pWIikJjj0~3j&Isr3Lyj&ptJcY~ti~J~
d 21- o ~ Y ! , &Naturalism &&lI ruYI *!,
G b & 2 kY 3fi- bf j+ Y JjVl oGYb Anti - Nahualism
c i d I WI r$l j&*i j L Y l r$1 Z K L f, i,ii j. i/=y
4@I, b L Y I 'j +I '& $I O j I L l 4 &ill &V,l
&+ d l +I $' d+Ul u
1
,> '$I ik+l ++I 3
4 a U I
L #
'+a 9 - b j ' w l k & dl
a'+ p-L u w '$1. >
- , '+I_)! @I &-+I +I
ibu\ bj+.!I dj;L;! 'G+ Factors &I> f, Variables

j 6 LIJdI > yl$l @ (")Relevant

A,-. Y; LtLUJl j & &i

dl* J*(*)
Ib, relevance c')(ks?U &l;YI, relevant c')(ksy + j b u l LA + L ( O @ )
d&YI L L +. +-d l 4 ~ C Y Yl ~l J.Li
) s k*YI( ) ' c

G J 3~ J& icE j d b J$d\ q j .&A( J1 e y Jd

&dl JL bs~lsLUL 02qj &+ & .rJLLI + +lLl : d
ALL l A &IJ& I, LUf d~r3b1irli U l,
I r i l Y ~ JI,l r t+A&
J+ Y ~ L J I r J I J& L+ d; h u 3t &&, ++Y& pi
J1 ,&"\I df L+, 4 .o> 3 ijfi. 1j4fIYskd( i)l l' c
&+I 91df & & t2A~ relevare +. LEU +%I &Vl dV
b U I j 3 b '+VI &I J1 * i t ,+(
i i jL-

.w
E. Naglel, The Structure of Sdmce,p. 451.
\

or
ldJa bJ&" ilk j jl,h.ll & l;+l + Iiji
dfU J.+ Y 4 j o13ijl,h.lI .?u; l;+, b?l;r Jll&J2
+lI J b U l i . & l Lt; dl U
r l j ~u e- ,(S
,- dI alJI &U l p j 4 dl ijUl +-df -9 4 i&LYl
.("I& +,1" ' i,. .jl+Y
j
;uU

4, 'i-
L9&I d
,k WI
+L~I
l di
&a\&!
-&U 6
ai5
j . 9 1 d~
&
dt 'IL
' * b y 1 +Yl &-
& k!$l;rc
&

&dl
$b cb -3 6% MI &&I Js l; $b ty.4 J,KJ -3
.Iy Oedipus effect C ~ ~ , Y Ij Y l J\ 6 &dl 4 1 & ii/.Il
3 .(")ejJ dJ> JJL ~9,& >kll I L &L
,
I &a&I
Suicidat t d $UIJ +I JtYl 9 3 j L J
:
,
i
& LLP,:
JjYb Self - F ~ l f f i n g a d &IJ jAl 3kJb
b;; @LL 4;r%dl,& 'bUl &dl4 1'j ,&
d& # ~ &f '?jii .4Wl + &aI& &fi'j ;3 dl
xi ~.,4;11JLYI J ilk d 3 a k i Y I J+YI aui~
,LI JLVl Jhj;: +I ,MI I L & :LjJ . \ f 1~ yb
& 3 'w 4 1 319 3 a&
. k. l l a$>!
.("')b ilk
'j &ladl &I Js jLpi Y dl9 3 jib 3-UI &I U

.t*A/ +IJ t3U

K. Poppor, The Poverty d H&toridnn, P. 13.
'2 '&I MI ~ a + - dj( 0 7 )
( Oy)
$,3; ;j+f by 4 1 8.h 3 jiY- # f> JjK bf 6
; L;;! 2
& 8 s 3 c ~ ; , ~ J - c s ~ ~ I+-+ t6pJI 8.h Jl
.&\&I ,dl>\ is$ & &+I
j L JS c~Y,; ?
,,
E. Nagel. Op. Cit.. P. 469. . (Of)
Ibid, PP. 468 - 9. (ao)
Werkmcister allbmy construction and the problem of (07)
objectivity in Gross L.,(d.)Symposuim on SoddogicPl Themy, PP. 490 - 2.
Bronowski and Mazlish, Op. Cit., P. 141. (OV)

Werkmeister, asocial Sciences and the Problem of (Oh)

-
Value in Scientism and Values edited by schoeck PP. 16 17.
 o
w & '.-I, .@I &I+ d%
a& &I1 + b Y I pl,hll 03& &I && &A. &y G L Y l
'&.+)
d+i.i .&i&l;t ~3f jlb; 5, i+* Gjli +.Li , . ~ f
rkJf JS 3 +L' j ~ !a l i W I 3 ~ &&I
4 Jl&l jr Snell
Q+ ',;LAY! i>YJI JkC ,++ $1 +$I t+ rdgl
** d.2 dj,& 'r,L Li, 3 @ 3 ++YI i;UI e
j*,t 'ys@(y j , Y l ~ ~ L . y & I l ~ ~ l j r r l =
(of)+i a-, @I 9

Nagel, Op.Cit., PP. 459 - 460.

ov
Q.Gibson, The Logic of Sod.l Enquiry, P. 73. ('-1
Jefreys. *scientific method and philampby Sdcnrc News, P. 61. ('Y)
.Y Y / L (LWJ L
l L PIS
(7Y)
Urban. Beyond Ratism and IdePlLom p. 167. ('1)
Sullivan G . GPLUo P. 38. ('0)
 &dY G L Y I pl&l j d+UI l,- r& '$1 +ill .h,
- bliGjCfll.iSPS;riTJl+l& bvbLS;, e+;saL++.~
*I Ub, .rbdl a-
L& d-3 '$1 awl, bl+

&3 I, #&I -: Uj b&+lI +I;" j ~+UI

Jl & u.. i Id, . G L y l f + J l 4 %+- &
d, dl
,I CGdl GLYI +I ,y 29 jI ,y j4 J ~ I
j a
1f&! $k &IJy .l+l+, fbJl Jy bl&l
@ &I ~ y ; l & l ~o&LJI Jy G L Y I pI&l &I d l
pb41 s3 b a L 8 s3 b d u I Sw4
.( ' * ) i > ~,I bI+I j
, ,I 6 b+d9

bJ+ 91 L$ LI, ,.&

Y b A &L Jh b $ b " ' t-G
w
'
$9 +wl fbJ1 ~>\&'-t'" 6- >a1 J1 b3+ L ,I
'$1 t"y1 ,y *;I+' LlL Giilitll 'pz, .##& #LL
value ,+&i b L l+Y 4 4 ilY> oljJ Lb 1-
d! 4 Xi . i s U l JAG LIJ-L'4 dG
, l3 ,y, brelevant

G.Myrdal, Value in Social theory, P. 51.

G . Myrdal, Objectivity in Social Research, P. 9.
Nagel. Op. Vit., P 485.
bL;li'Yl.j.,&

L
+

p
A
,

;t. a+.+.

3 y ,& ,+&
I
(j.

3
* l p l (IIJ>l d&-
G J , d

iLK
k u l &p
6
&$
&I

.@ CJS& d l
&
&
+
+ &L3'p & *
i a,;
&?Yl!
*li'YI

, I

ls.GJ ' & k t

rWI
J! '&+I
A
,

L+
&d
0

itfJ3+Y!
L iCQI

&!I

&by!,
agad
b l j l +l!

,
dl.&

'
(jp &i+
- 3Jl
a3k,y +I
~ 1 ~ 3 1
l. LiA&

(W&

-
.'
4
0 f b b

Continuum
-- GlJYl
pld\3

&JU\ & J l
@I

&
K. Popper, Op. Cit., P. 16.
K.Mannhcim, Ideology and Utopia, P. 50
j j ~ U I*$
l +,JY-+)u &
d, dt - 4s ,!rf, - *,,Y,
JL+ $b ~ f i*r
r J, CJJJ Jjr &-Y 6Ul G L Y I r,l.Jl-
a ~~ 4 ' d k f r l 'y @I A- - %, + "GJ

3 & I 4 d L i $ +,I +,J3+Y~ p l W tjI prj 'iSI

klb abjJ3+frlp i L LJ ;
;!L 1-b~, ~$1, aLJI +
~&dl(@l + '+ dI J L+ +li .+A!\
riG, ,+ILlJ,wS
l jJi
- j >+,I! 2 rJY
Jl Ja ah, 'y $1 dlJ& Y sU1 dl, "4
.&I, +I 'y +J Glj.>+*,I 'p dl aI&I tlil
;ylJl, ul$J!, a y l JI 'irl &-Y &&I l&.dl dl 1s
1s- +jJY.+frl GI . b&YI Jl.
'y +. JF
i- L jfUI 'y @
3 1 I*i$ &jE Y 4i 'y &I J, l+p- (&$Y$J J>
ukfrl ;?Ajc -1' +JLfrl+ J, +-L u
iGlj_( c c d b l d l +bk J% 'yj c a l j U l iL13 31 bi&II

/LsJ c G U ~ , aGJI JSj 6 JL6-JIJ alkLJl

--
'aliI)-I,
.(Vy)~L+I,d l

+,J$&frl, +I & L d l Llj+*Ul 'y ;?j $ A,

ic$l f, ,Sociolgy of Knowledge ii&l +,Jyfi ' L d
LJz.5 ?l+L JJKJ J2 u bLiJSociologism +jJydI
I

dp->JS I$.L& +Ja .ipWl ii4 4

'y @I -
, j L Y Il pJU ?&I +I j ++J

&I eLJI +I j121 & ,&L &I g j f i 3,

~ g j U ~
~ U I
. (vr)"'=l+Yl djUI

~G>;Jhf 3 *y 6 kd3&vl ,/ b 6dyJk +$& :4 (vy)

.v o
Nagel. Op. Cit., P. 498. Pf)
LI,JI t+y v J~ p-&k*-i" dr 4~ 4
4 1 J, (b 4 riiir + j. b U ~ b+j j.
.I*jjkdl-Jc &l
ar I, .++JI +.+ +c. &+I IL. J, y.J
i
,y +UI &I I L h-A, .i;iLyl f,LJl 'j Jc d&
i;jL;yI eb i+i j h~ -:,I ,+~JI GJ+fl
js, J @
>,L;p 4: cj;.l. lib .++JI
A LU;: e*-P,2
ar JI 4~31,I ~ U Ij .L,+ ~1 ~ ; r J,+J &J+

j. r
p2 JI 4: &ep ,+@ C: dl d+4Jl
i f d l Jjb J, +lJI + p a l&j .+jlJlj +Wl

- >
- -41 1-b & 91 2u Y kI & '('&) $jb
J+ 4 .I*# t j s ) j ' d l &ly J5J YJ+~&I
Y
,I LL;
hl# +I f I L W s6,Ul ,dul 'y p- l. , d ~ )
 Q. Gibson. Op. Cit., P. 77. (Vt)
:&dl \h4 dJb (*)
fAo LJU\-1 6-1 ,yb3&&I &,-b J+ -\
Jl d& &dl (~JUI G#+y ad1 by*)
+cJL AJi j d;L, ,.+I4 Y, 6 V ~ Y I
.r.~ t,,j&I eJUl
Js a+,+ ... w l r&JI &u raL;LJ)II) &
. f l d d l ,y & G j & z+!L & ~ I J . ! !d p + eJUl +G9
++Jl rIj.dl) Y * V JP c t L +b tikrlihll -I &j - Y
Js rJL! pWli . . .?Id1 4 p 1S r&YI iipl +Id1 ;,&I cL..'I
.#
L, 313
xl~+yL1J-d 2~ . . .?Id1 4. 1S 16EL
] 39, sGYI W,
&$dl
r

I
-.
cry'
9~
&i+
~

4
J rlj

,
J

+i&l
30~1
J

I+% .L-J,2

dl l&b U l J4;l
&dl
L
9
@l &-dl w

J 4 w-4 &+
LBL,

3 cl-dl (41(~41
.
>
3

L)-JI

L+ +I GIJI j3 ,L[
b b $ 4

LL=L = j[, Trend

Jl + \64; 9
9'Wl elhIl i&l GlJl
b
1
GlJl l+(p+
9
l i&Jl
+I

JI i&~
w y J &.Ls
L

G ~
.bflb,

2, 2 && L &ILs?,
k ~&l &dl &I!.,

js,
3
I
1 a L j a l h*d l
I1
W I ~ c l i l &4 p+

k GlJl jJb+
.bJ,J +d,
> 4 i&\&!Jb
+>-~+AI 4 1 4 1

.&I

+ @I
+ 1,

gldl
b b ,y

._Llii bbJ$ J a>l+ L 14

C;I

alhJ.1,

+
b ~ ~ ,
I
 I

Convention C91iJI jUYl J1 &

, &I QLitll wY> ifit
LljJl + 691tUl 3 G S U I,yId13 * M I Jy
idslb & al,>YlJ al+l >L., &L&lj ;ILL&I -3 t
,l sjJ1 l L
- &I e
j l $1 &I aIjrP;llJ alclfl?l 3
&P
L

..t.vyb L,> rljllYl & 31;

Jlr";' '+'LYl r&Il j ++>I LIj>a d . . ) Sf
t&,J,J=Yl &+JIB p,f .I& '+,$ at *J &!x
Substantive i&JI LzkJl &+!I 39j-& ! I
ab+y &IJ> - - && &-&A\ (&J3>dl &+I)
V I. :Jlj-ll jr +4?& JY
,I &+JI r&- M .&I
V ~ J - GjS :JI@I jc +4'?4$1 641 C&;
;Lj

&,LF> dlk; j ;jd & i l l ,+i adpI,J=Y1 &+I) Sti

Subjectivism GldI &$Ij Objectivism i&+Jl &dl
dib+JU . b U l Jb pb i
k .
4 p,JI >fl, G L q
i;IAl i
,
d &, r p j A+, plli 9 I.& ,+&Ja jdJ;4
@,Jl d> LT $1 Y d$lAl, ; d q 'j 4$i +>$I
$41 w, . g, f, tli, JL~!3 $IdI JLYI
++J&-d L -
jf

l2+*i j dU+ w3 LC l,Jl La& &

i Jl
I'

4 41 4 ~ 9 1 , b+bYI9 GLyI 241

9 LT ( f 3 4 + + ) : k .&I>>
d*,J,?rJ' I"C y- &) d,+lJJl e* cefl 9lli A+
jc $1 Y bl,, i>lJL,@j 2 eG,Jl +lkI. Jl(k.
d W Y L i .La>, i i b u l iS,CL!, pL j b
("Ventehen &I
ipUl ijyl L&a JlzkJl + .&-d W I 9 59 &
.+l+Yl, GLYI
To1~;rlfI-i' e
1- ms!pnp!n!pul .w c I<* ITS^? ~ P H . ' If' !d
~ f '.
.II& 4' C?- +r; 1&ri7~,,).
sn;' * I F C I ~
I? -T If'
,fl q q - I&* 'fl- y v 8 lL-5 I*
ws!pupou pj!8010poq~w ruf + .+ I&C? f l
I+
-4t i n e 1-r ws!p!iuassa pj!8olopoq1aw,
c~IL*
1,
."\ -4~ n hIf' In? 11-61?
\me(- OA) jl
.+ IF UXJB
j!mpomoN q&Cf' -+4' CT I&S\T C\mheI ~ C ?'T'CIQ.I'
 J ,J, L Jj -9 df LJs, ' W I JjL j L- U
- 1
X.L r> d$ 69. '@I, - &I.
j
d L Y l Jl+
4jJA 6jJl -1 jG J I ++A!
-91 +..PI JAG

1 + "p j.L;Si p ,l '&IJ + A \ +j.

'Substantive d L j l 6wI d d l - LZr-,~A13
. &J&Yl
+ F
' 6JJw';;,Wl b
, +L (&I* AIJ
a l J k j2,alJhj df d3a & +-
&I, >,.e J~
df & 'pW1 GjL a b ,+ &UJF J
L
,
hf L +i;A j,+JS JAG &Yl J p l I I L i r U >L'
.;;1;LYI r,JJI j a4r;JIJ
dUI Jy jlil? 3&
 Bernal, Science in History P. 1 1.
t, + L Y I f,LJI fk b q + - 3 $4 2+ .L&
a[ j dl 4x2 j
.IL, (*I
++AI a ~ !
d
!, itiL &
i.b3 +wl p &.dl - &I Jjk& 2 4 1 (VA)
J-?, 'eU1 sLJL i.&,MI e9j- - &I J J k Jf- ;)?dl+Ul
i.k,Jl e L b! & .+I ++$I i+i Jr +Jill itiL

a
.+;, i+ & f+-J& .I+ irJ.l..a JI +A
. d1 JHY6 ,MI j
.
f,LJl I+$ + 3j 'kJL 31 L,fJ1 &I2 .dlJjdl (jc
j Y
J.LJ $=Ji+iJ UI Ljn 'iyjlj, GU A ~1 ULYI
.&I, 9 i j .L+JI, I L -UI,
JLII, ++JJ i+i & WI
lj,;, 6jlS;;ldf - *yJ?) >L;ll 9 >.l;r! - ~f 9
.&MI U I 'j +-
Jc b J 3 L &, 'L+I ,I > d l
a~+,-JJuL-I lJIU & 4
kJ+ i>J?
LSJ y $1
f,.ld c)'zll .+L+Yl, i & L Y l aIc+,dJ @I, I* '
i&JI LJJ +
j .*I @I r l j 3 J d y iyy 3 GLYI
ci3+d.l bJY3 i 3 d I l+b@++JI l+ is a b g l
Physicalism LA?, 6 Empirio - Criticism t4l
-.- +dlS
a G&?, Operationism i;\-Y I i.,ll@l+ 'i&d,I +J!,
JjL' ~ 54, 4 &LVl
~ilclill~ JL!.i d l +dlJ
+WIp , J I j l IL Y, '(\).&Ab l JS +by! fliJ1
i & JJ
l l+s;~L + , JS I '+L rG\
*t JS 9,I 3I d 'J.lJI 3d;
;' dl
sIsrk o bK, b?L Notion L+ & dl Li, j yS3 ' 6 2
,UI +-
Y, .@I JJAI a+ wk
2 L6 4
1
i
, '-+I3 a l ~ ~ 3 l dj+ 91 9
. ( y ) GVI,
~ 'iJ+ $91 -I+ J! +UI ++I -I+

E.Lhrkheim,,LesReglea de la MCthode Sodologique, sixPme edition. 1912, p.x. (\ )

b i d . , P. XI (v
 ,& &! @ b ~ ! ab* @
ar $1 '-41& +I, I+! v i
,&>AI
ktf; &Id1 &L kl Y Conscience LJ+ ,I l+,
likl;;= abLk;l Jl $1 &;ji Y d l k j Y l g, 3 ij,dl, .+&,
&La+, *
,i GI, ,GI j! a!,+ Jl J
J G,;I zAb3
JC LLI+,f @+,A yj; ,& .Lt;lJC J+ L
b
, lh, .i+

lpw* rCJ&I .(Menteaux I

j J ) Wl fLJl LIJ>
9 ~2j
. +L+YI il;LI JgI?KJ9> YJ .'&I
*Iy awl JIj Y l -3 ~re~r6sentations(&..dl) awl
6(t)@+y rj JC $1 'w +I> ,I +>j i ; Y ~

.->k .&I I+I&&I

+L+Yl eliJI J,L ef13iulill e&li ai ?lSJJ> dy,
yfl $ a s k ,I +-> dl ;. +I& && Y *&I I+I&
l,+
ilUl j c6; e-
a! t b Y l ,lb JC J.d 4 'aUlal
b-c, +I L-J&I, .WI, . 4 4 1 b &I
&4 ..?j .&I C)L+ j+ &,l j ~ t~i J i> $ a++-
JI ;1+.;4 & &+YI ,lWI Jj &- ( t L + Y I ,lb
I I +A l ii j
,'
.; + ! J A I
.)4('+, & c;&y ;+u I+
a> d&- a,! 6u+
Loc. Cit.
Ibid., P. XI
Ibid., P. XIII.
!I&

@
;.;
dul a
jc A

+Wl,
6

thy1
.L
'(yl
.(')&I

bJ+

'y

j
&l&l
3 LXc
I -
4

h
%

L
&I

d l

+ .+"I

r; &
j . L,

db

.clans jCJ6

dr ,I+
&it-
~ &+
J+
bx. i4*i>dp 4 I ,
signs QLWI yiu!

dI
I

Y -Jk
I &j ,
3 I+
~ J I 'y L-~JJIOL

&>&I

b
4 &, &kgd l L J u l

+ Jbi+
Y &I
jc F-

d
,d

3j

- j9>1

ponyme

Ibid., PP. XIII - XIV.

Ibid., P. XIV.
jJe-
L
.A~.&J
*J

L I
rjkj

dad!,
+vJ+

*I

-'
A,
bccJ+i
+

,I @I

.&
& h r
& d+ Y ,&J 319 ed1 4

J j l l &$

*
&@
c?t;li, +Yl,

&I
di

a L J U I jc

~r+ dl S i l
-k & .k! L
&&

' C l i j @I

+4
+u

d.L, .(")&k.AI j

- cFU-6 >, .@ +%
.ipLlill + jc (+

@I
+

LC- &..dl dl&

&&I Q~G
&
C
4

fg$I,,

>
/
+,>

d,JI

JI! rji 31 ,L&2

r, MI I& ,L~I
+I
&..dl Prknotion &I
l L

Lp.&

LUIJJ=-~
P
C ~ Y IJ,

/b

'+I

;-! ~ I + L J+I
&2 2, .l++
J+

p
'
I
I dt G

& WICLk!

l+;rd l +'Ill

.cJ&~
'y

LaJ3>
&,
,

J,.dI
/b $4
&@

~ , r '4
A-
L

'y

&-J\ Symboles
cjJl i+lI
d l +J&I
d% 3
&I

JI
l

jc
dtJ ,

JJy
+
L i i j ~ b ;
k1 VJ,

~lpll,
iJL
d l irI,+l

/
&J

.lag3

-JUI
;$dl
lpy

JlyYl_(
aLWI
i J u4-L
1%

3:
Y,

dl

rjI ~i.
L lib
;&I
b i d . , P. XII. (A)
b i d . , P. XM. 0)
b i d . . P. 5. (\ *)

by ,it;Ul +bU LJAI & L;-I Jj +WI j ~f !&$(*I

J,YI tqkll J J ~ 411 -9
u. dl C S G I ~ Y&
I flipKJJ~
.+ks j.
 ~ + b Y lG l $ ' w l sJ&l >FJl pEJ,> $,
>+!I J, lbJL >P; igCi ;/l, Coercion
j 1G"0 l+l1 +-
4

J;I +i;lYI $CiJt 31 - - j

- - &I li,
c2&I LL. JbfjC J I > ~ j
I. 3f LA 4Y
-bl$l, &\$IS) +UI &YI j
. & I.Yj J, >s(tki irli,
y yb, ALI( b&
'& yfl di $3, &(&dl
j . pi i '+&Y,Js
. I l c s courants \s1>1;1~ - 2
-, ~ J I J, &I,
Ju Y a l c U I &la &+ d l U l , &$I & G I OK+
hu1p,. p & I .j.ls
j JS Jl *i;g b* j.>j &, jr
bk;o ;L, $3, 'LA U l lil b&
. +Y A, .Is
(")&, j L-, G-

Ibid., P. 6.
Loc. cit.
Ibid.. P. 9.
& GIG Y
k j i j l f f l j ~ J! U Y I t j f & Y,
Y &%I t j t ptJJ . r U l , c+ffl j .&I CIJdl
p.4'Lj-r us, j.*I &I j .j y '+. & 43
tjl,JI +
J' t j t L;>J ;lil + ,'jiy L+ +& alLlsl
.&L,
&L J b jWX. i& ~JI;!
b-I j. + b Y I
LILY U, i-Ltll j
. L3Lakj+ \r~i + aJJLjL.5
b $' ,$I Jl 6 JMI J+ & b ;r 'tjI&lb
OL+iJlJ-" j
.&I f, ,HYI JI izi* t, ' j b&
~ +i
~
&G + J' ,Yl iL4 ,'+, .-IJ +b1f l i j p, 6 aIJ(;JI
j t I-.
, .&&I c
GYG j JKS &I bJ+9 3 +LI
.&L! &
UIAl 0 Y - h j &,
C'I $1, J cbyl
."O)JbYl,

Ibid., PP. 12 - 13.

Ibid.. P. 13.
Ibid., P. 19.
 ul;li& GljJl
.ab+y j
. dJ> ~ G Y J+
I % L- (*)
Ibid., P. 21. ('"1
Ibid., P. 29. ('A)
b i d . , P. 31
b i d . , PP. 32 - 3.
8, ..&k $LY: j t
LA
Ir!
air,
?IJI
+.5
,+I
J&I
r+
.&fS

b,&
*;I

+
,.'
Y,
Lp &$IJ
pl$l
.+
'$1 +dl

(cbll 2 J 'd,L & Y ,a\

+2
. t k Y I
+L, .&%I
.+ ;ki; + a &
.
LJi

'&I
1.b ,A & d l A d i C . ~ > W Y aI U W I
'$1 &\,A1 ;+
&&I+

,A
(IL!

d l

&
3

&I
~ Y Ip~JJklli.(")&I,AI

C4.b
+JI
e4; pp! L. '&?YL

'p
$6 h i
b+!

&Yl
+&Yl
datum c,krll,

$1
@ +I
@
pI$l

jb 3 L l ,
'y Jl5
'jG
,I

,i
,A J I , I L i , .JG y;J.
. &>&YI J+k

Ibid., P. 34. (Y')

+-A
i;kt a ~ ,JJI
l~ L JJI
~ J I JI+Y t J j 1 ~ J= ~ji(*)
LU1 J] ps k a,,+, 'a j I + I , f, L ~ ~ J aLCLLf,
31 B + JJ
.&/;I*t
Ibid., PP. 36 - 7.
Ibid.. PP. 37 - 8.
 A,' k-F2 + b Y I ebJl L I J b j &+- d i l l $1 +A+

.35 .6
j 1; IjJ& di c&+~ $A >
;I,! eY9 qL;. dl5
@ $1 pbll jj k k +
I- db ' L k Y l , el+Yl
Jd d+l;i $L +-d 3 9 & 9,.&,Jy4I 4
1
LJJYI, ' fbJl iL% 6-d b i G l +-$1 -1
dl +-d i l l Le sens 41, a-I L+ c&'
'+ d,l p-d' a+ p- "$1 el"l, 'a+' 31
.(yt)+ldl, 22~1Lb! d' &-"$1 &!,dl,

/LYI eLJl .tjl!di *, L

j ~ & K dil
dl5 ~ ~
G b Y l FbJl L l r UY, iuWl d&li jP I &I dI;!

jc- ;"$1 $1 by ,t dr +
ji;~ ceGiD
q&
dl + $1 ih;h*U JLJl &li 'ibWI 0 4 - jxL. irL;;. d y
. &+I dbdl r, ~ Y bfi I +-Y I+
&I D, F+ 9 bLYl &
d
.l jr Ljgl a4;$ OL
,J
!,
d",!Jli j 3 d I
LblY3 . I + J y G 35 jr &
sdLI#, '+ b yJ U Ulj i ~ l i lel L + & /Li
.I
j , 9 a I I , .& @a

.kL&
f>l & .LA 4
11 I L dCY, l 3 ad&, jJg ;
,
U l 0 L &G d U I& '*A1 $JL; jo ,+-
tPu +d 2
, j9, ' @&yJl t-UI J.) .'yO'L,.+LI
I jr L +
' .I, ib1 9, '4-
jo J&I &I I L dl &
, '@I cJLi d& dl a b d l

b i d . , P. 2.
b i d . . P. 40.
b i d . , P. 41.
b i d . , PP. 42.
Ibid., P. 43.
,>* L%& .rls?'I ,& 'y % d d ?p?lj> ++A
A+ &,
i,dl 2 k>Libk & *- &$I LUYI 'y >&
'y ii'U + l k , *+'"J4 LLi &u >J @I &J
1 & kl+c 4?, & &I,: i'Li J l j Y l
& bbp &I if# 'y +j '& +Lu &u JS & c i f + I ~
. .
j L jyl&,('\)~'"J1 ,&P/ L' + L , S ~ ~ - ~ I I L
b i d . , P. 44. Vf)
b i d . , P. 45. (ye
b i d . , loc. cit. (Y\)
Ibid., P. 53.
Ibid.. P. 55.
r*li,JI dl -f+s ->> dl '$C3 .++A! &A IiA &
p w ~j. iu > j .L ,A+ b,..i9 b+ +&YI
.l&&A '$1 ++I

i,d t ,J,
~ u+y G s, L J+ L+9 'yL-p d,&
,I) i+kJ +U i% C.I>
>F, ++r JS L+ 6 v ~ j.1
9L $ rlc4 d b h c4/ r, Identique ( U l a
Jr +Y, ;+i U I ;+JI a L W I LK !;I Gf . ~ l j ,,
+
-+,
+f f, -k+ i+ vUI J& 3. .JG
lh Jr, ,&I> 3 jz L ,
'
p ,-. bc-L%I Jr L& dl Llr%l
l&>Iy jc LAY jc I;* L ljl i,cL+YI ;GI ,& 4-2 +I
yJ4 & @b i~ 01~42 3 ,&d bb- '$1 bl&l q$\
2 d + 6-X. J & JL Jc &-df vUI
@ k Y1 2lJl df LT + . d k + Y I 2lJ1 JJ4 j f
elij.LAd&-'i;?f> UilLL-jfd,>&jfi)CLdI &+
;>s
k~j, Jy 3 ~ > W?
I - JW~I
Jr ;>F~ >,dl 6-L S
;li iLJ.b>, .i+ Jld, ;bLL, G j l i
@ kb b@& *j $' 1 kb& d-4 d d Y b p i > j&
r Lf J W I Y + ;X11cljk bl>ktaltalon iJbJ lrGy 6 6

.i & L J l 4jLX., i j l U I 6lrLh;I

Ibid., PP. 55 - 6 .

QV
Ibid.. P. 57.
Lac. cit.
t > r I I & ,'PI + 'y Lzl A,
@%I 'y +l;zYI LjlJl& & J,k $
'+A *J;5 p
' y
LgL JL j *XI + ckl& &, &I, 'b&
J,L .( \ A ~ V JL;;Yl
) cjc &IJ> j u b 9 I.b, .L g L ,
jed; + kJJJI JL3 iklr;c ablhi jj U Y I a Y h L I j >
$1 &~~ j JJJl ')3 $At+ j L Y I J;LiLI ul&l
,I &+ id-O ~ U I ; ,,UYI ,+ j j
jh YQ
I I I j .blir r, ij+
,I (i+, &J%
0 Y h &%I :
, A, .+-+I &Jyr-Jl r-\5jJ>
ah:, j6'UI jJJl Jj iPI;L), & + Y l +LJl J1 j U Y l
w 2 egoistic $91 .&i, 3L;tIl
i
j 4 obUI j ilPb 4Jr2 >y2 'LUI &G
&. j U Y l 0 Y h p j l j 4+ b + & +l&-YI kl,>l

T i h e f f , N.,Sociological Theory. Its Nature and Growth. PP. 108 - 9.

(Y")

If
J U l jc r$Ul jUYI .&,$I +j i;C;;JJl

iL'Ul sl&l ,y +Li;rYI 2L.Jl &I anomie *lrll

& i
altruistic 6 4 1j U Y l dl .&-dl I;+ jrd,- d l +lkl13
& 4 LYJ-U 2 1 3 3 C&&Y! (~4-1 0 2 ~ 3& &(

3 ++YJ +G, Lip. Jr J+I $ Lfccg Ld bEIiL

Jl~2 Y eISJJ2& 4 +&I 0-L b)i cJ
I G ' 3 5 , &I

Jlis' rirXt;ll o i l i j J l Lljdl 3 LbL a%

3 @ & ~2 b e 1" &'^L1 *d

*&&I $A &dl $141 j
. ",+ i
;, J! j C
2\41j
." 9 2 ~ / hr b d l ,lit lgJj~1d l &.&lz;llj
.# 41
~I,JI st: di j L+L -L%I ~r A ~ U,I
j?+ jc LIJ*UPEJ,2 e l dill & k Y I j.Lkrll &A di,
~ t l , . d lJ& +-&I
&.$I ++L
.,l indices $YdI j
.i2Liyl

m
&
, &!j3 $ ?&
2
, 4 .juYI a Y h J &-91
$YdI o h J5 L,L concomitant variations &I j rjX;II
Glul UISr!, L p ~ b&
~f j ->&I sWWI slj;I!,
. +bjI13

Ibid., P. 1 1 1 .
E. Tiryakian, Sociologism and Existentialism, P. 19.
.&ql 4-lb
dl *, $1 ;
, j
. (&J', I + >F!
J @ ' L l A I +L J >j( j ~ IA&ii>+ J ~ + e,h, j(C;Jb
aGpd-AbJS3 ' d ~ ~ . p +' p~p -b ~
y k & @ J , j J , .k&
Sj i i 1 4 -:JI~-JI j GI ilss J iibla, .+YI
JA :&+IiJk,I T;7.+J13 '+L&JI d&l :&I &La
' .(:')Yb+ &\ alJl 'y &L.a dfi -iJ+A&
,

*$I j&-J4 b b +.!I dL J ~ Y3I W rlSJ3>

& +.!I -
&I old1 ~ $ 1 LUS, ' i . 1 ~ 1 jjj;
39;,3 c-z 'cj JS+- &I 1Jl +.!I
9 t> .'$I

Durkheim, Sociology and Philosophy, P. 96. (i*)

lL ci ~li, + 4 &I J+?( aYLiJ.1 3 ic+ I-LJ
dill 12141flS;zI> ic,kll flS;zt, 9b & Jljc; 6,in JI;LLI> 'jI+,JI

31 JjYI 1J.JLi ~ 2 jY+Y?)

, l&;til;LI i&j \ q \ \ fbA, ; tJ, &
,
\ f o r fb L&YI
Value judgments and judgments of Reality.
Ibid., PP. 80 - 2. (f \)
 'iiLiyl awl Jl+I :I
&MI
: IL ?lSJJ3 & ljSIJ .+
abl&I *l+ LA i+Ul +I jLi!, UJI $1 0 1 3 ij
m i , 9 6 -t , '++I
L+ L&I &G,JI, .kj. icSj +I
' c ~ ~ Y Ij 36- jf +iA
ib dt' $> 6;IC jF 6k Z
i' ;JUI , u ~ 64
I 6 LA
.$51 @I
j j Y '+jL LW 2% JL! 3 3 3 ~j . by;
('')aLe foyer d'une vie morale, i& il& f, jSJLl +
., 6 4; &,
A

3+ , Zi% jJrl; &,dl f , JPJI Jja; Y LA&

il&I 3 4" c+ 431 I L jr k+ +Y19 *1I,JI jlr >MI
@I !, "I +j . '4&'I !MI IL d l , & -41
j .S+l +MI Jrl j
.ci; 3 4 1 & ' 6 3 y i I l !MI jr
.L .41i pL; &
,f &C" ,I 6- .GiiJ, S,L
j
'jjIpI1 jr JkLl .pi J, +34l il&l jr &I
I iL;LI
df J, 124 JUI
6 9 @,I .j 3 Y 1 jr /YI,
d! @ Y, . d J i C & '$I $L,JI d ej r4li jj
ci; @I 63 '$I 'I~YIJjMYI 'CI, JL & j 3 3 a+-
!, a14j &lI $1 4, . b
+
j- &A '&-A ?
&IJ3 3 f++Lj3 2 $ 'ijdl, ijl+I, i g l bj+ i3jL i+i
' CcSJ
I bf 6! c +
~ 6) 4 '&I J L U ~dLckll&I
dfll 6 2 &&, d J d df I&x&) 64 Li; 351 jk! @
UI jG a 2141 j&YI $I 9jL3 .j+YI
4.3

.'3J,Vl
j $I dt''$1 +%I,l .4 j L 4 & Jl+
'$1
fl &>I, ;JLJI abf, .& pi J, a~G
., '&I
'$1 3yl J, &lr Y 391, 'LA 4 ; I I dbf -2$1
j JU
,I b y J! js, J, 4~ ,'+>I 4; J! +i
Ibid.. P. 91 . ( f y )
 s
u,m L
+.; +I+,A ?ls,r dy,- J,I IL &,
I o b l j Lbjc j - k . 7 + b l as&\-1_(1 f, fb, 'J3 '&&!I

!La,* $1 >
LGIJJI O h , 'pl,h!I j . b> & ijJl
1& a ' $ , J y , . " J l &I
&jJl 4 &l,.i, Zk *u j ?K>,>
Y '(")i;Li JS jr L 'J3YI +ill j '++A &+

Ibid., P. 90 - 3. ( f r )
Ibid.. P. 94. (f f )

Ibid., P. 97. (fa)

Durkheim. Les Regles de la MCthode sociologique. P. 172. (f7)

Ibid., P. 175. (tV)
Ibid., PP. 176 - 7. (th)
@ &JlGJl Js dYlu l&+I J1
Ci-JI agelicism aLl&l
iLLl &&+I 'y &A. by$ 'ju, ' G J I +J2Al &
-Jy&I L;II ali ?ISJ,J a&& bjAb "*).Substantive
. (")~ociologism

Y &ill &I.JI ')dl f, +I.JI j

. CU:, > iZ;ltJI +@I (*)
3-- cjJl - A 1 +I alp, & hz CJI!'J '"&YI f, $4
d+l & p f iJh@ f, .& &li%lI 2, J41LC ,I a1;u
,'
+jX,

&, LIJJJI c+* p-+ill iJ_JI a&)?illj. &-ill &Jl

++JL iLjLJl aL.lJJJl 'j itall o h ~ $ 'b,
3 LIJJJI ++L4b
& f, al*13yI 'Jb4 &dl c+9 L Jl iJ12y

,qYl+. It.+I Ib & eJJ ;L.;-L3 t+J& &+ L

ISB $4- 3 bf
j. ( G Ijf) GW4 WJ, u l J! +%,
u +
I,! j f Ji
(ousia) iJUI +J 4 +lJI 4 . ~ &ill
1

substance 9 9 1 $.h.e Jl
D. Mitchel (editor) A Dictionary of Sociology, art. Agelicism. (if)
r i a l i a n , op. cit., P. 14. (O')

Durkheirn. Les Regles, P. VIII. (O')

Ibid.. P. 156.
Ibid., PP. 55 - 56.
j
. &-L.iyl+YI tLi41 d j j 4f IL J; JL
GLjl (& dG] & ky & df y &ja &dl
JI @ Y +L;rYI, +lAl +I &I j p &I , .d+,
31 $3 ,(&dl, @I +A dill) Calculation uLJ-1, JYLYI
U. G% Y 21~I,AJIJL +\,%I p~~JL 91
,(Ot)L.+ & j&- Y JU4, + $1 $1-;14
3 bl, d& Y 21,L-. a- 21+I + O~F- w
.(*)& & &IJ> d L 1 &, &&I Adl&J

Quoted in: Ti~yakian.Sociologism and Existentialism P. 18.

(Ot)
. +$I
j j S Y I ~
+JI. ;c i s JL ~ $~
J j ..sI dJwl 03, liJ
. \ AAV 4 1 +.l j &Uf
$ 4;AJ j e-
dl djdl 4 &L
,J&~ I \Ir & Y (*)
i&lJ dl,%Jl, &%Jl &LW Cj;;, @I +L ;c JlAl I L

Quoted in: Syllivan, Limitdons of Seience, P. 125. (0°)

b b realism + l j I &;;I1 ,I&/ .dK pEJJ>dl 9, Y,
j
I.;p3I*' Cb+ Jr &I + I*' &I
 41 holism -1 k$I y l +IS
ci+ Y L Lj2r is ++
+j ++. 41 wholes al$X! 91 i&I +,$.I >y-$4
v-CjJl agelicism a k U I Jj >>I, is> &jSJ '>ljYI
. kUI A,LJ i,Ll, La1 d>,dl A&I

Objectivist L w jK jt J,dl & d y ! iJkJ

y 94 bu! i6L >& *i & d$- j! >I,!
.i&l fbJI L W * LJ+
scientific *I &+L1 OGYI IL+ ~r +>
aLj: J! aLr4 '4 ~ J d
Al Empiricism
&dl, Neopositivism L ' d l -dl L@f i s -l.L,
'q,L.Jl, 'g13Yl, '*I (&+I ,I) wAI, '#&+I
91 bk b~ ~Y d ,
.~;ij,-,;k ~rs g ~ j~

i l (LlJ2) u Jlidill ( \ ( \ t +) Mach (*)(tb *ij

*ill, -4 u-o;* L' J yi; b -~- j jj l ~
i,si GI a b l k ; ~@
~ k;j4 jyA u +I p, j&,
GI a ~ r l k ; ~ ~JGI 6% + 'i;i1il4 by& - 2
41 - $1 ~r
+dpll +YI > - JI C i&Jl 2 4 1 oblk;YI y i$Ul
!WL . p l w l LG,p U I Jj Ll,j U 31 Constructs
I .-41 &YI o h &b 4 jp? U 4lJl
0 L 4
.j', .+I oLc&LYI Jr juli I&\ j j 4 k - +I
al,+l c+ &WI, 3kJI h l $ l >
I; 3, 'ablk;YI
fLi, 2 OGL J ~ L Y I ,oYYI;.YI +, 'aL+lj
41
J
.;I JS J.+ JL J I + ~ &I j j w ~cp, . c ~ ) + I

Y >AC Y J& b,a~

,lb MI,~+-I, ~ L bI b + lJJI*
~ (03)
. \ v a - \ 3 q fl (\fV\)
& d & k j ! &-bl & d l d&Yi d&k>l /b 9 (a)
4 si; 0Lb.I J, Bi0m.V jJ41&4 .I--! L i* k-341
w!, b4- j
.'4
1 4 >LpZ'Y!, t b Y 1 3 &I b
& 31)bt
.,by, Li3j) blbYfti Jb,)
blbGJXI by, 3.h
K. Pearson, The Grmuner of Science, P. 6. (OV)

Ibid., P. 75. (Oh)

~ $ 4yLi' L Ji +I

(+by!

j IA-1
Y &I

2
. 51 JI - a-L;K,
J5

pl,
L ~ YIJ,I
1
Y tL;rYI,
+I

&!I +I

&I
>J

j I
h.

d, C = r . ( " ) b ~'jy..~ ; b u l

bjkll
3
ib, j~+!I

+ ill

;;Z &,bbb&d!
IJ, PI$
L i ; W I iy;31 'j.. b&Jl
Y
&-a

4
,d

.+I
>J
Cyl

L
k,

Xij G L Y I +I
J &J1

;
+
j.

4 4 )

j I&,
+JI

bY 6 t b Y I j &I
*, .'I+l+
+I

62
a#Li~
jqi ,I j q ~
&I
-,
- 2

SQC-

. ('y)Fl+
a

pl, Ji
ilql
h

'j..
ej

&!I i ~ l z L L k s l 4&>
;>
b&
i dl
4 A,

$1
L;;
. *4&1

j dIy&
51

b&.
4

Ibid., P. W. (Of)

Ibid., P. 110. (7.1

in. Dictionary of Philosophy. edited by D. Runes, art. Physicalism. (I\)
H. Feigl. philosophy of Science in philosophy, Cy)
edited by R. Chisholm et a1 PP. 528 - 9.
 &ddl i
id (paradigm &I) +ls & &dl ci.dl I+\
.+I PA 3 &J b6gYI 1-b u ~ l
;;rJb J+- p -ic$I +GJI + b Y I d p l I a+ ALI,
&-+ d l 9 dt &!>I 3 iF - P X S O ~ ~ S
3- I d 1 - &>L;LI
3 - 2\46 L C d I i+Jl G U p I I j L Y l ii*
d I I \ ' & I , ';nonego)
+a f, e-k; >tdl I*
., >&I d, dlS +& >J+
''t)/I;L(

&3,-71> >j : J "WI &+I1 &>L &39(7r)

. V l &- cbs; hL& +;
T. parsons, The Structure of Social Action, P. 6 1. (>t)
 $ t \ q YV Cb r d k ~ 2 , -
& d l operationism JljrYl8 lJiL
f, $ 1 'u&*LI &A, :g u
>I -&%I G-41d\s13)11 ihs & ab,+d\ GJ
rl d&JI r?, &-b, .;lls+Jl @WI J1 G;3
L - ucil;lj +P
b. J+- \CS - 2 a W U l JSI,AIB
b t& d&
USKJID ,+ t ( T T ) ~ q l jar L
~L~ 4 l+
~
&y 41 .L& Y (3kJA] 4 p Y,+dh .bKa a I J k I 4-.&

,y il-U L A y (aldjr)1l ,!) L J & J J I ,y iLL

#
.('v)d\b!z~l
'k jlflYI LiJI Lj. 1
9 J1.l -Lj U & , $d s , df Y,
b 9 IL, . ( \ q f A ) +A c w l p gI.5 &&- b +
ovyl IL Jl-b b J l - 4 d &, d d l ~ j t .$ Si ld JA

'@&A3 wIL aL; d-l Jc dfi d i l l &GJl ,;~OIJ

J 1" pu . a 1 r, +I ( ~ 3 e\~ 0 2 41 tbk

@ p fG3 & &d/ y >, . ' \ ~ v l&, & ' ;? a!bl31 0 h
3
.;YJ & L ~&J-+I L X L l j JLLl
C. Wright, <The Origin of Modem Science in the iStructure.of Scientific Thought, ( 7 0 )
edited by Madden, P. 16.

P. Frank, *Einstein. Mach and Logical Positivism in Madder (edit), op. cit., P. 90. ( 7 7 )
 .Y t A / 6 &ul
Fjl (TA)
P. W. Bridgman, The Logic dModern physics, P. 5 . (71)
. V T 1 / '&UIr j I (Y*)
 .A - \fV / '&-$ F j l (V\)
. V V I - VVY ,y '&UI F j l (VY)
 IJ, 4 ZJAI -4 LJ
LLI j l j ; Y I &I
jl,hlU .Dodd 393, Lundberg cAJ.zl 9 L + J, t b Y I
JYLYI, GUY1 alS;c +i a& &jJI ,LdL a++r J&
,f) 4j & l L&.! @I a&&\ Jp +3, . LLS 'iU- ,1$
@ L (W] L, institution rWl, GWI, p d J essential L y U l
& ~ - \16
r 4, &fJf & &-ill &,Yl &dl j41;;. jL Y]
I L j L&- &dlA, j13Y1 &I + J, .i--J.IJl +,.!I
jf 3
4-G j LJkLll al.lj;y ,I alL&l +-&dlA, &Y 3 U l

f j U .(vr)ilJ*U -&I p l , h l l &L+,

+b @ li] +I3 e l j J I J a41*llJ /LA!, i ~ l j y $lA a-
(i&lj ayCM L+l &I)+ b Y I r+WI Phlogiston ad+s.-&n -.
rj;l &I, i+ +s &dl +I jJ U Y I f+ y 3,Lw'
- I
&* b (vL)J,kdI jr i+ jli dl . F Y I ab*Jl $
~ W 4
I L, JWI j &eL i l y &
3 >> b #+In Jy ijlJl ;.Cjll cAd* r ~
. d w I
u+Yl &I 3 ~ .&I
2 LL& J, JL y b@
r+W1 4 @L:&L tk; J] ;1III .A+ O+ j ~ $ 1
L)+ - @
&I - - &-dl) Jull &> jc e-
L j I I $LI
I .g l j n y Y I J! & .LLl
JLJ~G~4, GI
y ~ Y ILI + ;r-41* F Y I jr t*;
r,
G+I awl a~.~,~~ + +$1 I.GYI, .L
AL LL-y
.k I;\+d l

N. Timasheff. Sociological The-ory,P. 195. ("f)

Ibid., P. 194. ("t)
j1-' $ls Becher 4s)491 ddl 4 1 di 9 td-&dl) 3

2 + $, b > q'
U~ +I o*ii JpYI 4 trUI j,iI

..>,z-, >l,5l jr tIk;l j Y jf > ,Stah1 JIL:+

 &Ul a&, Y ;+Yl rI*ijb3 .+i LL
,I C L%
. G I t, *I iy& alSJ k A&,+ (y k l " ~ l
JJ;: '&%I 2 d l &*I3 &@.I1 j&l d>3
~ II+ J L ~ . a Y U l i
L~I~L - -
l j~ +I 41 iG2
I ; ;- J 'AJI Jk j Jj 3 ij.4 $ ! +&iix-6
a\&, t+I
+j) al&Al
'&
o
*
h
&I
z,* t
9 4 1 >+
' a ! & jt,,
+
' LA
JALU

2-3 a,% (Wl j

!&Ul + ija dl CL: Y, .(h
>L~YI'
j b.jkl Y j$ +S3 +
1-' +jl+JI, &MI
~ J ~ I Jj . dl t~s
4 .,+Yl jJb +
yli. J i j U l l ~jl+Jl &A jlk;? Jk Y 41 ~ I J I J'?jl;il
rUiJL '93 + 3 i+s + &I j/ 3 .+I

ct i - I / %&I
I , .JW Gij
!ki + a3
z*t >, e& '&I
' 8 rk-u -> 46 42J
b j

L>JIGLP~YI
~+YI, .ui&~++at +-
at +.+) 0 1 41 L;a & L a ! (y ,si t, a+ &% 3
.J L Y I &I; i*/ > (+UI, &ll Jj 2 + A b>\
(Wl a Y & j +jl+dI rI/l a p 3 A- dt.J
.' " 7 r ; b s t , &+YI

y b 1 mu4
j?, 4 ,TTJ @ Yf
p l y 1 JG .*bj & J l &+I j mk L&& & '*I
(motion V l ,i) ijUl j a Y $ j
. '+cilb (WI 4: I& 2;
Jk j, &$I J% is,$, . j4JI ;?tuI j + $1
3 a&- A, 6 dfll 3 tuj j
. +,O
J JI field of force ,idJ

.YY '>Ul r J l (AY)

 LJL c k J+>~ .SFd L - LIjdI &.+ - GF &!I
21$1 jo v,s, $1 &'! dl (WI~ 9 GI)2 a K & l
d ~ . l+ b~y 1 f,LJl j LIJdl &-dl 8 t+,A

-. Ja@I
df ;r ,f interdependant LUIA&\ d J a, rJG~In
JGwl cs&2 .L +j - . $1 -. >) irL&I j. air

. J b % $L+ jy>l 3 L * f l l i j l J i;i: Jr j- L Y I 8

WI, association l + l + l I 0 J b Y J d&Lfll d m ! ,

i 6 ; E U p, J! iCI;. iS/ 31 dl& V, 'dissociation
+kYl jo c3d Gy bf '41IL Jr, .U
J
* CGL)'! r&J!, a! -.
f,LJl & &,
+ ? kL'k & (+
I , 'lbjl+ll blL." r& L d I &.I! @y js VY,i
.(rA)ijJI a k & jUl, uiWI aKY, L>,JI sL&I 3
1
+I rJAJ substantive GlyJI ,I I* LCLLI jf d.2 Y,
3 .j i 31 ~4 3 ir,lij' d&J1 .Yjr a! JI
'Chapin U & ~ R *- L C I A I @I & j,+ j,aLS;
&I d3&&K '@ Experimental designs IIL.,..,~ csL+..d&,
I I jI jo t I J > .GIy
J1 & I {WI + @ . + b y 1 csLIJdl j iJAl
& $1 +-
d l JJL+ &I, d> r b L $ +
+,I j +dl js T21L&+Yl i, .+Wl d,$I
{WI bK
bt 6% 4JS b p 'C.dlJ> + d *-4Jl +I Jr &+Yl
cdil&l ,t '&l+YI I* 0 Y L - jo , s t f, &lL L%-
, A d 1 b+&YI

&% bf &I @ .&!I dYd1 2 1- & b L I j d 1

Timasheff, op. cit., PP. 192 - 3.

\To
Ibid., P. 207. (At)
-fof 4 iL.b 'dc *> ~ ~ +I 3 c>+ 1 4 dj .>(he)
.f \ *
 Jl& &L! & &I> @ d(5 & d l YU &Jl Ih
ii-JdU .;iS+l Q U I J% 2 QU. ks; $J.-
+Lp4
Ed ,~ I h C lI J1 L&
l ,GI--~ $I--Yl
j. r;U. Y lh, 'bIY 'y i=-l;; GI, 3 $1' iS*l Q U I
'Gb fYJ2 (t?l bf fLJYl 6 h dY L b 91 -41 &b
tj-n 4 2 G.1J L&+>I GI>YI --$ j d-l 2
l i dfi- df J-L, L J r j - df 4 4
A
. d d l i .*I ab&I
-d4 , JI&
~ :L &I &w @ Y i&i
- '""i,bL.~ QY I> >>Lir ~ I i d y d I d JF-Li jI--YI
L
&-JJ L ~ l j-i j - L Y l + J Y I & 2 I p Y I +.+ Y.9
Correlatior b@;YI 0K.L f& JI (fq1,I) aYLLI tj &
bU1 & d k L & eLb ~ lflj,i Jf a Y G l+Y Coefficients
u d p & r *dl ,I 1 3 udkn :+ ;JC j JlribYl >rl~.
+!I ~ 2 . j,+I +
&-JI uYU.1 dfi- i, W LG
Y JI LLJ; +I&, J1 b>A yi dl +
&>I >*
j k~JLLI > 'dKl1, dbjl j v3&d,$ & kp
,I) &-.dl t
ljJ1I+ df d U l i .b>, ryJl, ~l,J-l, Qi@l
&I b J I r(GL;yl f&Il flj, j. L.2
~ , ~ l j j Yi;4
;Y, .A,.LJ Ljlj .k dl Jl +&>I , I +Jdl ildl &
& G I a\,>[ 'j& lx k< kk *I w & aI A i l
 *j&I 1-b 2 AJdl rEJ31' &4 *i,
(dl+YI 'j.4Lk.JI f, &L;II Jb) f,+lLi, :I'+!\ +I +(S

jc*dl&Y, 'cr*I,iu,fiQdl&Wci;pi~
92 index &>IS JJ& f, $3 U,lj d l internal i$ll'l LjIJl
' d L % I 'j.4 b,.+ Jr i d 6 ->IS L% f, L& d,& u
d& l d i l d l l pEJ3> J ~ *i3I . ( A A ) L w b! .
f d l &>.ki
L 9.
&%I i & l IL, . tyc!plu. $ >+I &J &I &I

$ $5 + Jr JI sign ~LWIIC& Merton ad,i*, dh

.("')+Is JL .y one to one correlation &I2
I &I, L@>Iij%

L( ~dl iG*LIr, GWI G,LJI +I ULI d,

o.+
, G J I ~bl&%
++I3 Q U I Gill;
~ L ;!&
A, $*i+~+YI +I j- J-,LJI &YI *UA . a h
*kll &I
34, j &I 3 yYI [J, ak d i l l +I
j I I , ~r&L: i+ic~~~
IL jb . a 9 1 IL
Q Y U ~ $ & L Y IQ W I jc i,l;uI +J@l QI&AI
,slb13Yl 'j.41I .&,& +i$k Li,i bJwr U!, &&dl..
+I+ j G
L,JI L
O\, A, .J&I 3,L.J d+UI I+&.+ d l
x, .&I +j ~ I > * u++IS
- gs ~U+YI i; +lp
j \q\Y fir d+b u A dill &I 4;b j &I dill ~ J A

Psychololgyas The Be- aJ&I 012 &I +D 441 J L

c,&YI j L Y l d&!I L+ 9 4-b dL5 haviorist views it
d
>
, dl&l 3+ j f, w
;iI o w l j&,dl +Is d$ d i l l
. (")>+I ,l Q L J 4'1 ,l +bi
E. Durkheim, The Mvision of Labor traans by G . Simpson, P. 64. (Ah]
Merton, Social Theory and Structure, P. 115. (Af)
' E. Nagel. The Structure of W n c e , PP. 476 - 7. (fa]
+)WI
d

&

r --

J
b b p F

~~3.1
&+o-kr ;r
~j-&...&

j%)'l

&J . . . . @
[,
bdl;.kl

-. ii%

b +)L; J!.iII!t+Jl
.&I J o ) OM
~b r j
b$l

....o*

(Transcendence iiJlill,I) ,.MI

LaJ

t+JI,

,L+J,l
,
.('")a&I

& ?
2P;'

&*

jrJL f - + ~&- d u l d.b +&I

Y, b>&

>,.I1

&.Mu. ". "l+b+r,

-&il

Husserl, Idens, PP. 1 19 - 120.

Ibid., PP. 241 - 2.
*+I
(j

1%
&d

jbl&g f$ dl dub
& U iLo Y +
3 & .-)&I
GJ1i;l .&I
&dl&dl J
.b&I ;pU
&I

if.(
Lldl ;rr? &MI jJ@
L S ~b & J ! d l jtjp~.b )I+
49
9
dl

pi &

&dl LGUJl &i

!
t+Y) Q$ i &

.WI,

b
b

6 9 1

.y? - yo
@
,y
.( \ ' ')WL;
is&I
A l j ~ l pAl>)'li
&$
':&$,I
.a b

je+ ~r ++&I

d l ii%

~ j 41
:
$4 $ 3
;J

d
,?6
&Jb+Jl ;rr?

+*-ill

&>$dl
;*
p g+JIPklli)
2 Jyp Jj+

JJ; +-LAC( . ( \ ' y ) Q

JL
,
& (tPfJJ wl,.Il
+d
91 + J
)+I
iy-
7 2 s

IL &
r&
.

b+

I+ .&Y U- t t p l GI> dli

~+JI dy , IO;L~
Y
-. ;rWl
4 4 1 ;r
4'1
.

6J-
b

.y?
-
Ideationally

f$

oa-4
0
++JA

b2
&&-
jJyp &-) I L

a*

/
iJ+
JA I &*&,I

.+YI j

4
&-
d,&b

L+J&
bpL~i2UI

ii;iCI ,y rl+1

6 3 1
,I +MI as24

. J

b & u l
4
+A
b~t.i d

4 +)
,y +.A

i~b%!I
bl,.II

J~~
&

JrJ

0 2 ~ 3

211

(\*\I
(ley)
(1 * y )
(\ * t )
dl

4'1
1
9' 4, bL+ 4 2% +lit ~~,
.alU 4 L Y l i;JI
dills, ~ Y I f,
i>UI J d I 84, I~&&&I k k f JJ-~. b.
+f, Noesis --$IJ .('' ")Sensile i 4 l aL&1 3
ow &1, ,,-dl 5 9, &JYI &&;,,-dl @3
-,I dl; Passivity iJLcri;YI 31 ,+ &$I 6 6 L Iil; .&I
3 . i2U1 +&I &# dL& VJ activity +Wl J! ,+
b + ~+-, iw +-
iJ> zUl ++ &&I eUJl d!
+lif b('")91
@ c.+ L+,A ~Noemak.&l 9 ~tp, J1
A
, 4 A,IJI, 9 4 jc. &I
04.2 s1,>yli . Z M l +&I
+LP r+I) +All3(LuS 9 4 $Air 2-U LuisJ (dJU
j ;
;;d! LLJ 4Y, . b> j, iJJI j 4; Jh, . (Luis +n
+I LI,.yI +J j(i+~c) d& L r; & 3kL p ' j
.?I ...+ I,~+I,T
4dI ~SI&4; &E jl &iy + 9%% Jyp r ~ 2
I

i& Jl && L[ 34 b54~y&!1 --A13 &.!I

L @ &G ciJl d l , &-I 81J3y.i .dL+ $' ipj, zk
~,G*I+I &+i .&I A j+ L , k , ~ d &
&\8!>>?1 d&2 b d w GJul 2141 -b%'uck!l i&
&, .*I, +A aE6 l,- p &.A LIL d l Luis,
3 3\41&I 81J>Yl >yl dLYI
'p j, I
AI,>yl &
d,
,
Ji
a
+ a Y L j,
b

+&I
* 3 1
3 (QYU-I) &,$.I1
, b*

u-
&.i&!I o h '8~d1
4; d&- 3, (&&2 3 ~

G W l UJLAb, .(@I411 #+Jl !Wl 3 + j Y bLslj!

j J U l )Wl dp b 6 - + r J I LijJI J! &l
Lj,!
$i b lip
L L d l i;.+Yl ,-f b&19-( & J-2". Transcendent
1
.'-
(.IA b l i b j q l JLr .>I41 0>F2 Disconnecting
~ i e t i c--dl u J l + l J Nexus +l$l iLUl j j b J.
&I, &&I )LJl ;J1. di * I .kt\ (
,+, AIJ>yl
J, 'b b1?)J.!.13
AlJ>yl & ++Jl GXJJ Jjl,Jl >&I
G% 2, b G + , l . ! .JJJ Alj>Yl h GXJl dl J, b r l p . J I
J, L 9, ,U&L + ~ l n jUI+-yih; L ~ U I
klk b + J, #k,J+ji
;I+\ AIJ>yI +g 3 dl4!
.(\'")&+.I JL&$I j+I

Huserl, Ideas, PP. 258 - 9. (\ *V)

Welch, The philosophy of Edmund Husserl, P. 139. ( \ *A)
 A
Jy- Y &I&\ 9 u J & JJI +\$I OL
d3+i .&+A1
GJI ~ + A I j ALYI, a 4 1 ij% &-I,+ .L\OIC+AI
-kIl
I Y
-41 G%
\ d l :&WI
d . p 2 l &Wl+-
*- dl JI;CI & J++
d\ d,~ ''k
I&II

di A

3 1 ~ 4r~ L
~ 1a 4
JMI d i l i l l I L
Y &I

AYI ~
' 2

ji;? 41
+, .~ILYI, d 4 I & f+JJI J+I
J+ &+ 9 a 4 1 &L kY. ;
~ ~

, +*
J
d
;lY
~

.(\.')& - ~

, IL J.,
.I^ c, ' l & a d d 'lcy LC ;;3 +Uli .akU &I
c,, r iJ3PL b 41 o b 9 2 ~ 3 . 1JF,
, .f-+A1 JF,
'a&!UI 3 4l; Ideal QlL 54 +Uli .~,s-AI &ia, ,
.+ +>&5 ,y CjlrfL, '+lJl a l U &= @ AlJ2l &5 ,y

+\ J! +I41 j u Y LIL '

k t -CrJk< +UI +
aL +Jl I L &, .is2 ,I &IS ,1- '++ 2IAI '&L +>
4r 3 "L
;, ~j wlJ2b+UI .L J! 5.~1 I,,+
.L J
SdS;- JJI +Ul
, f& fbJ1 1
.i9 +> .9j
d3ChI3 &bJI f+l LfrUl r+I jj dl & Y, . (\\')
r'bJI
GeJ .i.dI, L,JpdI CP a k U l C+
& Jr*pb+dIUI
Clear $ d l aYGli . >I41 &L &-k $LC1 dlJ>i?Y
31JryI a+ p&&.. +# ~ f+lk OL r~ Y Fictions
(\ \ ~ w-.I^ &
) ' ~ f
' W I i+, &I
 . ++ cL+JI, J
,l;l p &-I -\
.+Ul +j Posits p GlJI 4j - .(
&Ljl, ~ U,a&, I +>A1GIJI ++I >u - Y-
A,+
&

.( b k l +I &$>)
@>'$# '+pl.d%&d,&bt$>p&-t
:dJContingent
Correlative --bContingency . a$;,
3y 9 l -0
' ( G u l &) Essentiality L J LdJ 'L iJJPy
'lb~zr~l 4JG j& .2 c p J 1 1
l ,I +>A1dl.+,l,
:$9 @I Being
. cit;$-IfbJ11 & hi ti-I 4 3U.I - 1
Nornerically &lr +&.dl &
, fWJI & y L J & ~$.Z1 +Uli - V
.Nonidentical
.%$-I a.l+,Il Quality i+UI $.Z -A
! J &.i (iJJyd&) e-
Y Yku.1 +$ -
.("y)w
d l +-J,LYI Status +kU -\ 0

Inner Experience ci,Lildl +&!, '+ -

&GI &b &

Welch. Op. Cit., P. 185. ("y)

.(\fro) +&YI L$J J r p t-Lk. j.
Husscrl. Id-, P. 13. ("r)
 ~J+L
+--&I JS i+,
gu~ (/UI r, GIUI ++I)
'+I G
u, 4-
dl I&, .tJ%+ Lls bLO2 dL?&
o h dl --> Y, .kli j 2
- - I$ &.dl dJ-I 3 d k i+,,
rllJ>?l diJl 3 ;-I- ilLl b j ~ ILC dJj.jl
+J,L,AIl dL,Yl o h &j +, +'J1 &J1 ,A #A1
,+Lwr;.
41 lh &, .&L, &k y i & &I
i+b &A-
-
e
,A, '&l.*Il a
,1 & ,is, &J+,AII &I
.(\\')bli
Soul &I

O ~ L - djJI -..L j, JFp jb3

I$ vjaj .WIJI '$1 ~ Uju-.
,I ~,;~J+,AII-
~LL$I
' U l ++$I G1J.I X.L Ll+, d$- df ,&- Y J+-

GyJ
,
+
JS d' 9
+I>K
,
LYl
:& t
o h
ozj-.

dl,
+-ill'+>,&I
'bli j LYl J.1 l+
JLP;-YI
W
>y-
+,
l

?Y;, ,Uci>-, u dr &ii ,

id+ Y .;WI
J% 2 (+!I) U U - I dL +- df ',lLJ\ >y-* &-t '+
d L Y 0 * 3 +MI o L , I J 3 I '@J+,AII >>I
wlJl j6 ; dJ1 + jl+f GUI & GJkl a G l 3 ; t Y & LA
I

LG,.~ ictj1Jl I+ LG iJL JS 3 I+

&.I i&.LdI
d k Y ;L;lUl GUI f, Solipsism Lflb,, + \ p Y L
((+bJ '>jj.jl
3, .rCJUJYp 29 JUI C+ +d+- b >J+ 4;Jk4)
p 21G~ j LJ&>I>I 2 WI 2 $1 +-+
Ibid., PP. 13 - 14. (''1)
+
J
i kJ&;JI

4
60"

+iJl &.G,.l

&a 3,

4 2,
41

61"

b
&

3Xb;YI &

b&

4 i 2, ./&I CLI &

>*u
,
ai-+*

'#-I

/&I
O>F*

u
"pu ++,I.l
-.
-b J! i&LlLi;JI LJ+rJI,
GJUl i.xAl & uI_SI >+
q

CL/& h d
~JH

&ill
pL9 L

r jk; l$' LZrJ+rJ1

+ $

.9r &-
1
1

-
&,Yl
+ ~i-+-+

+&I

b
r

+J1
0
-

iJ,&
s
.L;li dp-
&I
d i
aI+L

4 />
+I
to)

tL;.

-Li
jl

+I
I*
&
4

+ s - f . LCJ ."y +s d J J bd,+131&A ;C1 +Ji +Ja

4 t - -d I iJL9.l jc j;k; 2 - , J- k L j /&I b L at&
VJ J,Ul +ill j &lJl ,lWJ @I 1(
4 ;Yb\
&I, ~ { W IIL a cL-1 2 i+JI l++,.b, 012 bl
. &dJI o+- j Y . i -: ;~
PC $ J;? ii-ill & d l

++I & LZrJ+rJl cL-yI +, . U l J.-+ Y yl I+

;SkL;Jl L.WI jl LC
- CC~IJI
- {WI + &a., & i l l >&I
2 kt a 6cc;Lkll ~ ~ 9 1 ,L&Lf U &I 2 bb-9
>IJI {WI at jl.- J. c+ ~ I j bii
i +L Sb
~ L K
I I

GldI & Guk &-dtJ $9 b L kr.

>,9-- 2y O L {Wl i
i;! d l ,.Q
' 4
1I" &, .U~G;JI
& Cui j t + . ~k12;;Jli & . l J &.,A - ck .la2 4 i . 0 ~
LW <d+rJl Disclosure &I r&- LA& iJ4lS31 .LA
b >4
~ 1- &+Yl d l 4
L ~ l ~ +# qk12;AI

ibid., PP. 18 - 120

YYq
+ 31 >Ji. ' i J b ~ $ l ++I 'y &
crcJLL y; &
'j ,\;W - -&.dl
+ - &;J~JI;;JI i;\U $3, &dl &I
5,d '&I L[ ' J k L $ l '\;[I :& L-,,&YI l&k
4 ~ 9d 31. d l '& 31 $9 $l~u;;Jb;' dJ\ 'y bul Jk
;lc &--,A b u l j- &I- Fellow - Subjects
JLr;&J$l @I 6% j Co - Transcendental i S J L &!EL$
.("')'+ ,jYl 'j clr;; 'y 6 &.dl ((LA91
j6,
d l 'Intersubjectivity i;li &I jCk; 3
6- _.
J, ~ivennesso# p~ w ilk ji & d + , ~ l
!Wl a&, ' i J k ~ l>+&a& &dl , d l &; ' J h b y
JLI ?Jb d& L y; J;
4 #

UUI, &* &-I31

GJLI a&lpYl JS &!kJI;$\ i;li &Isljb .("')&IJ
.iu j;i, i+,LYI J..G

Ibid.. PP. 21 - 2. (\ \'I

Ibid.. P. 30. (\\"I
:$ 3 1 b b ~s~I&AII
OSLJI $3 ,y +UI i&JI (\ \A)
=ince interiore ho& habital Veritas*
4 + pbs' I& eLJ1 J! .jJL -c" &
dgjl j +
, Y,
~J>,J~I-E ,!;I .& b u
O b jc &j#
6-
6 jL')'l 2 4 1 JI~!,d L y l b
.;i ir d+- &ill e l 2
Y+ .bi jL! ,& jS;- J, Y e--1 l h Js &I ,& j b
.(&) 4,i + a++, + A ,@ LL+ Jl
.2 - k ) W l
j 2 .&lS '&p + &-&dl s L y I
& j Y l f&l .lib, .ZLs a&
j ++I j e-
aL+I
++,A&IJJ L: hL L-
b sl&Yl &U;j CLJ t&YI pLS
d f i &I )b &. yU PX,. b 1-b 4, 'csli+lI o h ;c!
+ j+-
6

bj. dl hypothese de Travail 241 & Js,

(\W0lj+l\ &
. a&J\
oh Js
 .,ill. ,i i*, +Y & pal, b p +I rlc dY d L Y I L I > J
L p l i ,i ?j% ali% ~yrllLi Y +1J, +I PI& +,
k
; Y ' + 2 d 1 +;,I .*YI jL $ 9 IL, bLi 2 e Y
, d l 3 - 1 3 L,&, iLSL Jh3 '&+I l;+I. J ; ; 3 >+I! hi
luSCfapzJl IL 3,yfrl &
a., $&Y, .+&- j &I\
.&+ d.21j+.YI Cc. JS d L p G +i li! &Y : A & ?+di
M Ii! b > dI +I 2 d+ 'J29L +YI JS JL,
$1 ~ $ 1 3 +I &*L l i b . &I3 & cIj! 3i clj!
& u b l &&\ &2b &Z & b$ dJG &G
&>2 I i b 2I$I 3, dl5 J +-CSJJI o-b 2 @ .~AW.LI
> b & k br4Y! & 9 J]I Gi&i
,bbr, ?L.+YI OLdl5, t~31 4 !kL->L di,
j
c ~ M I jr A&+ b_i3 4; did +I ?&+ A,

-
.&A 6J c,j;Jl + b ii c-*j Y C I * 2 j Y I I L dl &
,

6i3 .+I,+ Li2 &I j [, JsLk; j CjJl aLJ,ALi

+L +3J41
C +3
S I dlJ& d l M j f l l
&& CuI ;f'.p k 3 > & f l L
0 b 3 2- 21 31 &J$!
o j + * kI i I .bt. kJr
, & ! ~ ' I y V ' ~ y2 L2 b& & @ 9 & bz@l

jyj +-d d3 diW13 '+I &JJkl J;:

&;?!j.dL>*-lj, .+p.'241>iwr;U
d3&I + +A + b e - T +A J.L + d l s~+I
i; I-b c.J .&.A jr J*- &+ d
Aka
49 Libdl & Y l & klj CfS;S CjJl ali%lj '49 e M l
31 J I
ib

I
3'
OL

+-
31 4
Y.~i

.>lyYl
b

&I$,
&

y b!;
i
I

6
d

. ~ p y J -$L;?'I
j

*Liill,
9 Jp&
+4
! 1[4
I

8 I.+.sku1 3\ ,IjyI
\

jL;yI

L J U Y I +L Jl ~ r) L
9131 d
.i.L,+dI
jr 4 s i+$ La+
$ L y l .f14
&I
++

&
1 -

oI&l
.+
b f liij~~~
4 2 .J U Y I ,G3 l+-~.
1)b jj?J TJ.4 j
31, ,641 *lib j
J

&!&

Y W I d
i

5, bfbJIJ
;lY, i+~
j, .+j
h
, .Lp+2

+ ld e+> J U Y I
jr
LIL 3'
214 (LJ.UI)
~ J U Y Id+-
bfbJ1

a k u ~A+,
fliJ1
l& j
.J U Y I

i b L y d+Ul

+J,d d w y ,
6q3Yl1
JUYI\&\L
.& jbk ;;? ) 31 &I I+
.uL[ & Y fliJ1 d\ ~ b Y 4
. U y I j dl i.YLri;YI OLLIJ. Jc

d3+l

Y
91

pldl AIJ+
iJUYl +

.&I41
+p$IJ

U;3Y is bJ,+d4
L$IJ &JI
d+uI & y

OL
'Y

fliz &&I

y+l L+?J+,.d
l,l
?I. L JUYI

+d 5
kl,
LWI
LC;;J

91 --

+ j+WI
41
i;YI

i
>
be.

Y j bib L

.rr~

iL'lkll2 31
.UJ .&.kJl

+4
jr
)Lu

dp.+
.&I
&I&!

U Y I i.&L

j,L

%LAY! ?NiJ
G U l 31 * y d I j . 4 Y, cGJu\a-
. & I ~ ~ L ~ & )b
I
J1

j
.0

L+ +A++I
i;j

J&
3dL-
J&

@ Y ij.@b

,.+

&I
9 4 +J

+J h l
&

(\
,
Jlc;

Jtli~4
wu*
La,

e-+!I
fliJ1
*,
p,

UbJ

> J!,

*&
~r

j
.
&
Y
ii'I

dl*

9b

1
2
2ldb

@
'Gyk
fg1 Ju! p q -& &,O* J! L;k, b I4 414 ihi
EL ' j x b y l Jr J,I fL, iJ Lab! $2 jJI i4JI FLJI
a L y I 4+ csgi + 3
+,I ?*-{
ykW dl k& + '&I (J,
dLYI
+!!I,
J! LL Si.
J*,

& {MI y , n
{MI y , n
31 o@Yb Ciui a&,
&IL-\;;Il
a+ln

+J+YI
&

4 ~ l a)&ni dl
>flJl
'
I*

I*,
bul

+I
, '{U d L Y I ay+dl blsyr $ 2

+JUYI

+Ul
,A jJL dJ $1

d l 2 ->L

aa i, .LA\ ji 9 QLYI 2141

$ 9 - udb>lJ >*41~ j3+b J&

.+* @!
.+
,
ILa db
2x3
aY

f
jl
'{MI jj L Y l C ~ +
J

3-J*,
9 +dl JUI bli! j L 2 j L y l 4 w$i&\i

+-
.*
b #I
5~ .jb,+dI
J';;G;" (&,JI ,I)
j t 'iC4;

31 adJ+&l

Lui

0 2 ~j
I,& j L Y I 4
1,
9s
&)-G

Y, 'dl; &ILL>
cL-L 4IJ2l J! &4

44-43

j t 2, ihdl WIJI LLL

p-Dasein d L Y I 2141
b U - I ~kK.1c+b
3
,1$

.(\")ab&-n
.(\yy)uo2**il

+!

+
b L

at *U

$,
)&I
3jI~
% JUYI

9
.)-

.J+JI 3
at Q

fl&b

dl,
.,'

,A,

29 js Jl &$

6%

4-
'GI;
i;b a.4 Jr

,+&2 x 3
-499

dl

L
+
L??&I,

ipG 6 3
3: '+>dl

LS

a+-
& 'dLY1 2ly LJk
9 I
aYldYI

5i! LLi . L\
Y,

('")~+j

/&I
a+J

i,k. lsdS Jldy

2*Jl
5

6
'{WI,

'(~1,

o'J*,

jLYI
tjY

&

oC;*!

9
 . +l, + &UlFJl (\ YY)
. \r fl '+J+p>1+.A +j. ~ A J I >J~,II 'J~L
( \ ~ t )
.dl+, &, +-L 9 j K 'b &I 9 jWI +a L
,
,.j,JWYI j -
. 'GL~ -9 A GL~I 2y1J+,
- 'ci;jc +Y, 3 6 - j i l l j L y l 2IJl9 JLYI j$'
jc J U X I LZrJ++lI Lie41 d3.(lw){WI+; a.%.&.
bUl& L, .>+ 41 9 L JLZYI dY &.Ul &$'I
L+ JWYI d6- Y i,&
zdJ+ dl& 3 '5i
VJ+ LJ,> Zl+ JWYI & dl +-
rf 'aQbL12 *b
j L y l jc >&I jc JWYI &J++lI b U I J L I&,
at +. ~;r
JWYIJL+ J, 'J L Y I +L &= ~1% +-
d,
L'J U4 9, .JWYI &= iJ*ill QL
6 4 $5 3 + LA
3 dl I L :JWYI jc gLYI 2lJl JL
.'.'A)L33> J! JWYI >&I +L
'+ a6 L
;l. j LC i.i;L]MI, J5
. j f &-++lI
* # I #

L G d l , .i.i;L!21,s 2 a 3 5 b L 'y a 3 5 Llib

L lij + JYdIJ +'T ~2&= JYdI 9 >>L

.\ o - \t Lg "
+I ( y j l (\TO)
.Yo0 ~g b i f l U I J + d l U l j aL19 c d ~&
2 .>(\TI)
. Y l ~g ' a Y U Y l j +l;; ( J > L ( \ T V )
- & u l c$(\ TA)
j.

st,
j. L+

is-1,
+.
31,

{WI 4
(4
y+Al
jJa
L
3jg c
45;!

*.
4

&j
1 {LJ
I

' d l 4-

&k, - ULi!,
'dl; f,
j, db, b tk, ;dl
L
+ j. ipW +bJS +y

L2lj j I~LI Cri; ~9

a k l i +YI

abyL,$.l
+ dl 4
$I
Y 4 '&.dl

4.&

91 i d yJ,
JJI
JC JGXI
&.,li

,+

&In
_Li

.+I

L4LJ LliJ {b - Urnwelt I;

> d l &-dl 1-b & d &i

j a12$1, ~JUI a- C1,

$ ~ i+
@4

~_)rj) lhodologique
st db L
l+b, +I
&I

d,
i9Ul J% 3

I L
EL
,Lu $c +I
2lJl

rJ, ,j,k

JS,
3
'ilJ*ll

{b dY dii '
JC
&J+&I
~ l j >c-i; @- jI jJL Jjk

c t J L 1

.LkG,
d,-.Jl
.i,
I L JL,
dl5 l i b

~ I J II L J
GUl

.("')ipUj

@I
t~
jA

L-
+
' 3- L Y b1

. &Jl+
U

&pY.

{WI hk:
C
..ilY>

+iG _Li
j,+b

.Lp jlG JS
j vj &
ULY
j 3-4;
JJI

k,
'&G
$LJI

I tliJl
3f 4Y,
e3
fl

J,l;j

A
,5
u

3 3

-
2 .3+J4 rJlh; 3 L ; G j LaJ+& JLJI 91; C+

&&-dl 1- 291 hJ&4 &y 1-bjJL

I L yJ I I , :+a4
'
{b {Wl IL,
3 2 5 9 >+ 4 4 1
s j J. 'ijYl JC lcri ++ Rkflkhie
j b ] l JL di jWI.1 &I Airy j &{LU
~ &S '{Wl
'L+~l,i +-+S :ab+$.l JL, l+li oL;~GYI JJI +>$I

Yff
.A+!
.A+?,
k_rby
({WL ~
>A1

k ~ ~d,
,
4

sul dq"!
1 - -
is!)

Jj 3 - 1 b~i

&&

4. GY &
L
,
.-I
+&I

3 9 Lb
J% 3

cj
$ )W4 cG%
9-
+I
j- ~- 33

a&-&!
kL,
Y r;Y * f ~ ,
~$L* L+-
b

Y,
31

i JUYI 3 L
2,

j, yi

;IJ,
b

41 i>+&Y
c

j+Jl

j
&I

+ & CWI AI,,~

d% 3 >A\
J U Y I A+l
&isr
tP3.1 Jr
4 4
a

2-G
J+J%
J+

&&

dj~)-)-

e3.l
J$\

b,lW & b
i;
3
at && G2
dkbb
.r
$

a\ 4 .+&I
+ 3 t+JIJ
d+f i&
L++

+GI
I

\A*

&-J L y l
2-4 L\ LJA
+
JG ,+t~ ($3 Y 2 411 p i 6 &+,J!; j;s jnt
A
b & L if.
Ub ,l+G j is,& JljVl, a;J+I!, aK+l
UX;,iJlJ.CL'J;I>p-Ild~yjti~sisi~
@dld@l Gk #, >3 Y c m 41 -k
. m LJ I .+ MI
0 L & Jk! SL; Y iYt a! 0-b ,& L dbp
rllJ4 & 6 ~ 64 ~ ,&4 Y &dlj$I 1-b YJ.GGyI
&.-j e,.~Il Jli, Y ~1 d c;JI j i++
:&I 4 1&G i-d- 3 OL +t dt +t Y ~t 91 $ ;.I
t I .+WI j y ~ >+I j+ ,I e, 4 &~I=.S
&@"+ I d . ;&I CAI o h ;$I rl+ Jsj.
, b bI , .iJJiiLi bLGt &I1 iiPll iJl
p I+ L 4 X ; k @+I rl@I jiiJ LI4-1 -31 p u t 2
. i>-
j eJ+ 3 >jLC . . .I&, b(\tr)Jl&Y~

JIty-d + b,.-l;i ,d$l, ,&I d+K JUYI

4, aYGY! t p ++-Y b>>,t &I! a 9 1 & dl &
iL,$ i;-r yl-4 ~SJ >s J1 &> 'hkt sji
brl@l bkt bilb$j X A l .i,?
LkYl o h cj" rlJ&&! o p b 31 &I&,cj_w -,. $ ii?
kL LALA ybdl J. ji'Ipj.i, 3-
j. k.J .L&IZ;,
+ aw c l l y l J L i Y l OLJX; 3 d+, LZ-'
ab*

+ b ' ~ l i+i
j

, Jp!Jl ,
.(\'t'+S\S
:I41 QLi;YI
a-w
- l dt
i,WI
o h ++ ,,
F1;; J;,
>fly*y i,-c , at+I 9, :y J J E>,$l eul$5 dt

. O Y - 0 . cg '&WI FJI ( \ t T )
. O V - O Y cg '&MI FJl ( \ t t )
.*
{MI j eJu J , +
i:
+ k , i ?-.-
&I
*r JIG
is&~~o,+~++!Lr
+
, *-il
** '+JJ
>+l,
iill

~GI&&U%
.J+
syYl pL
+JL

,+I dl dl 6>+d!, +&I !WI I L JXi j. & 81 +-

p t.r 3 I d ' II 'p'hrJ-L J
+
.A+! JLil 6- j Ci; t&.'!MI J) >&\ + br.,
9, '!MI sljl >+JJ jM &I j JUYI 4 I&,
'jf (lJ
, '+A ++ 4LcL ;rc > d l*-
p .>+I o&$
- dJJ ++ 6J.k

4 A91 li)+l lL & JUYI 2 >,A\ s+- y,

JL) $&I >&I JLjY &JI (&Lill ,I) Ci-Ul91 t+,ll
3, ' s - I1.b j
, talUb icUl r . b j + &J1 I h :&5
Jlej,Lj- *vt-I 4 6l,J 9 JGYI d& p .(+ d3+
t + ~j ir' OYGYI 9 s ; .ac JUYJ dr ~YI, .+I+ Y L
. . . . . .L>_)I ,I *L$ ,l * k b i c 402 !MI +
GP +-
+- GY-G s&YI+ >&I Li& +idfi '{L 4, '?I
31 {L jr JUYI !Lr jr ~ 3 1 .-
>+I3 . k g u &I> +A> 3gj OL
!MI_) (d_)rjL\
{b J) +& i -diJl p L I )Wl i+ JGYI j
&ul 4 1 WjJI & ~+II :a+ +> -6-

YfV
IL
I
j, '@GIJ+JLYI ~1 q+ b13 91
3
p 6.j" JLSUJ .j+ & Iks* J L Y I j+ JUl
dl + j +I @GYl &MI ,Jj
, .'&..dl &L
GJP $ !W d+ 9 +j
.J L Y I JJ+ dI c 3 r J + ~ I
I I I j Y 'k!MI +I 3 ~ ; .L
.I ~ W ~ ~
JI ej ;ab +J .&k &b ) J3L
drd!
+_ @GYl
iJ+ c443 J+I JJ+ LL
, ~ G IiJ+ J L Y I J+I

I L 1 :c+Jl 9 +As &gI dl .,,SJ3

j +
."iv'y-CYI & U I j+- @ G Y I J+l I L j
..\+I, I&&

J,b dill i*o c L l iI jJL &IJ -riiJ

Jr ,ykjI
b13 J s br 9 ++
,I ZIJ1 .j" 31 9, . dLJ j +-dl J~

,I kl, 4 3 41 + 3 & j. j- q ' l 2lJl Jr

+ J+ L JI JLYL~ .21. . . . . .i+ ,I isJ& ,I '+
.!W+ 3 L Y l elJl YW c+ 9 l i 1 +As J+ L, 3
 &I hj IIWI $ 2-3-11 &I-: &li J G Y I JlJli.;YIJ
.
&&,J+&I 3, jk! dill J G Y I j+L
$1 ,; ej
bUIj Progressive & d l &UI .1;?+ It: iL%
&I ,& kj &GI r&!1 jf &ULi .(*)Regressive -lJI
0- && dill 31
dl yc, ;1- &4 'p
- &,.J+rJI
k,J+rJl r&> .t-12 k .Wl 4 4 &I Jt. ~ f iS C l j
.JGYI cbPJ I+ jjYl d l l I Lpi .&G r+j id&\ L+
j

J+I; .$+
SJJI j 6 Jj! &I-
. r

02+ -
!
, J L Y I P,lJl
u~ ~ - + G J & J L I C "JI+-J+,~JUX~J
O r
j . 4 . Y A JbI-p, 't, 35;1 &Yl J3-1 4L2-c+L
'4;L.b J! b+ .i41 4+-& r*+4
1 I+
~ L . L . j 9', + '.~J.L G' G~'UUI L-,J++I ~t
&I ,& 4-j $ L Y I @I iiW LJJ+ iULIJ.J"
k 2b 1 .~ J@L k 9r d! dill
9 + .J L Y I
j PlJl i+U j,ii J G Y I df Js j.2 dl
dl &-J L Y I Pyl dt $ df L+& &Jl 3 dp
j,~ t;-? .L,+ ~ Y G Y I OL j iJj& j+
. ( ' t A ) ~ ~ J#d i jI - - I ,&I ah cJ-I
.
uc
- YJ- L & “p (&j- &) &dl o h dl &% dl &.
-

(a)
+.I JI ;+Y\ &J\ ,y y-&..ill ( \ f ~ *tJ&l
) p i JZB 4
i,Lc jlk; j+d,l i+lr & J> + &JI o$ I&
'
. ; ; 10 t, 4;t;k ,jLJ)rl &dl +-2 j.Ll > &I$ a&lr
.+I+ Jl &
Sarter, The problem of Method, P. 153, Passim.
.Vo - Tf / GoYUYI +$ cjjL(\fA)
&-+I ->AL L ~ Y I u i+, i JLI~ ~
a
%
, \~tr
W l 'j +JJU eJ&I ?C.IJ
Ikr sinnhafte Aufbou der sozialen c & b Y I rWI *I p
. \ f?. + iy +, 'L& \fry iy Jf, & 41
welt
J-Jl J44, ;
.Jp, J-i j. Jrp J $A ,l L+y
+
' ,J,+&l dY+ ,lWI j dill > b Y I

.& &b a31211 l a d 4 1 $UI &I o$

rW l OgYI I L +Lh4I y +-j , 2 a i I, j. 5 k.9

o@Yl &+ ij,+ dj+ .;I j '&dl I L j J $+
&A b e *,+4 .Lo&! $'3,
b-+J &L,JI &I
& c . 9 J,&! . J P ~-9 G+l &$I_) rb ** Gbrp3.1
>W1 ,+& 4 qldl 4 - j GJ J1 L q l 4 &+&j j+

Forgotten Man a d w l L& dlJ &dl ~ L Y I I4;

jt j,j+ G+,l i$s+Jl &$I dLh4i j. d,+L+Yl e@JL
3 +I3 JI,. ad13 '&I3 >+Ij L
' +13 LYI & PI&
r' ,lLr + +I4 j$ ilib SUE ikil JI
LI* ci~: IL
A J I Y Ijt a&_,
~~ I +
& +$ W +t dr& 4; y . @ j .l&Jjl&L
&+YI a l + Y l dl+ &&I qldl U Y l , aL;LWI J j ty>l
9, &,+ +- $ lAJic j L W l Conrelate IjLi&b,
&
!!. J: ' ' I ' I b .{WI I L p,
&I '+ +I4 ,lWl IL +- I+.+ dl & ,..@I+,I- dI
. >L;rYI ,lWI I L &I> &U +I4 qj! b &+ 'sWI
- ~r {UI
,I) L+ 1;1 G ~L +i IL p, k1
&, 2 , 1 6 2 u!j9>1f-r i , r ~& (L+j
I . a d 'FliJl 0-L

+,'21- s-d l f-r &dl b&, LUI it+r j I~I~IJL

3 1;1 &.& j f -3 j +l+Yl r,M j-; Jl I L JS
."">l+Yl ,lu- - &!,d,l
i.LLdl ~ L Y .&>UI
I

A. Schiitz *The social world and the theory of social Action* in

(\tf)
Llirll f+! &,I +.d! &YI $1 A,

j r ~4L-AI J & ~ Y pl,

I '@ &
J W ~.>I;> + f1-4G*ll & & t>> lCLJ I IJA +I ~ I I
> L Y l a Y h LA^ '>dl, &I Curves at+^ LIJ> &
iUI + ,*, j,~J,&~I jLLlI &I 3 G4 L U ~~ W I ,
j dl hi1 I-&-$ .qI..dl -+.!I, 'iglJl a b U l Jj
i.~w~,byr ~ s+; ~ Y I+I +L+YI p l L~
IJ> ~
@LYl &I > q ' I LL dl d
>
, 0bUI a,& + b y 1
U I JS - I :JUI J l g l j LL; :'3f A &ill
4 4 13 LLL ~,L.>,L, j t L>- 2 (&I +*I
)MI $ +lJI 0Ja dip, JS;. JGUI *-
&ill 241 lJA
al,Cl c >> dl d,~ dJi+,,
j li jf A
- .&by!
"&YI lib >;I, ;LLf dl & Y, . & b y 1 ?I,Jl 'y ; d l
d+l+ d l JS j $53 ALa, .&I
,l "+Yl liA 6 J I &I & ~ I - & ~,
I I&,.dl I L - ~
+? a
m ,+P + 3, ~dlk;j $a+ $1
I ~ i b .-rs%+ t
#

a d b Y I ;GI )LI, ,kJ), i j b &L;! Y & b Y I +I

3 i.'L,Lcc a Y\ .k & d l Social Life world
@A i .
* 2, Idealization and Formalization JM1 4 4 1 ,
)MI ,fL, 0 Y L~xll, i,@I ,y >J+ Jl+Yl &l
. YIJI &Jl 4rJ Jl tr;~iJL\ j>ldj> yaJ i &l.+YI
. &>> && 6 &
>
; dl &Jl *j J\ t 5 j l dl
ii; &-L. -4 1 i,+I 3 &L;rYI
c.12 )MI dl I;C
dl L3>Is, ji .bGL?'I a&WI y kI9 @I 4~ COS~OS

Braybrooke (editor) phtlosophidpr~blemsof the social sciences, PP. P -

YOY
 &I i>l> 4 o p L , dkl &
;I&o/h , ,,,dl Ih, @I Ih 4ee4;; dI J,L +-,
.oyL

1491 hf& q3f ' Y L N L ~ l d L[

l J &&
.
&I. L W p a l Jrlill +4 b Y l ;WI Ih p- ISL

N+I&u &.dl J\ +k .+ J ++I lh & &I c)a3

ej, + > G I d>tpl!, JUl -+&I .&k+YI ;WL

J& J .J;U k +; .+ IS, ,iiL i;rb iJyt ,yi3
Genesis 6 9 , CUS ~ ~ &l b~~tpl!,
JUI ++I a& LIJ+
' ( L N L &du)u i + J b +k+Yl yI$ d$- &dl &I
0- dill +Wl r;;;G, ( L W &&I) hlill ir;J4,
.('O.)ll_lr # p ' p J I 69 +$I oUlL11+-
JI A+by! r&I jalhll;ll +df j$d y ~
t, U I CUS ,.a, '++Jl, +Id1 JaJI s z k , ;1! c;I, U l
;c! a*cl j,li JI * L l &J 41 ;14 c;I
41 O
G
- L Ih, .bil~13 &I J-JI JWI jli?( d~
,, &l &I Purity of method ($1 (/+,I) LLB
;Wl -IJ+ &I&%I Jji.b fl$Yl 2 4
1, &I
LI~JIL iy&?,: 8+y f, $1; ci & ~ Y I
tWI I h i). -4 $91 & jf)&k+YI
+-J ;WI i). t W
iy >L;;YI & scheme jlk; je, A (section

Ibid., P. 57.

Y 47
 I !WI &J3ayJ CLY tLl & Y, ..+W, ;&I3
1 U

2 dl U L &Jl UI
>I :& p d,A fj,
1 I b b &&IJ+
!+ ;$I bh;LI I& 2, &p91y by1
A+ jr dl Jl& k b aw
b&-aLi dl 01 $,I
ddl fi dl &-% 4 4 , -y J$,
MI j @&I' 41~JUI
b 6 p r

+.+, d a k
~t &1& dt 4 Y
df dl> df Cljc jL-1Js &b JUL, .&WI
LpL dl a b d I j ~Lh,dlSubscripts ,aYJ.b f, dlj*
.(\a\).+ y
&+YI !MI J! tflj4 9 +IJI +I kY.
~I;-JY~
df L! # dl ;+.I! +Jl iyJ a b+JI CIP, kl&
. &+YI L H L I kL*r9,.!b2kL L,'&jl&I&L+YI

;r u,a! Y, b+ & b&-$ pe @dl& b y 1 !WI sf

*JI
drp~3 Is3 ~J-&J!b k - ddl !W! 4 b(*)#~jf

wy, LJ J& 41 ~s .Q ,
i+ b~~ .dli,
j ;r
-9 y-@dl+ @&I J a L A G
' ,
;
I J y '&a3
r&dl

dl &
j pr ; . d l WLL, ~ Y Y J+ &is, b~b,+
3 dl J& 9& b Y I !WI I L dl 4f O+

.&Jldl&(Jy,y+&&4!, b$d\&d
4 OJJ_~pkj !LrS t141 j; .3 + ~ W ILI,
+jWIj al+13 +I3 &$I J% j3 .
. &,a;4,
Ibid., P. 57. (\"I)
Jb .&, )MI I L 3 A-41, +&I i+ +G y d l
+I J. ,lWl I L (.GI ,I) ab+* ,+$"
, iyb I L1
+Ll,

b'g- +c SF-,\ *- + 2 @ '&?y e +-

d3 Sebj. F
i JC.S L
,I +I - - Situation >ir
& d l +I JG -;&- +L- i J h~ 6 'di~t
-Ub,
k b d &iJ +I& 21l h ++2 J +Jb & + p-
k f dl -& ~ G G Y I c~b+$ O h $4 3 - J & ! & I G1J.L
3-1 2 izh i b t 9b +* b+- J. iJ>b ;?iii >
- j-I
& Y, ; -r bb; ~ h j
. (ley) ~ -L ; LJ;I iAt JL~I >>,J ,I abF-
+AIL +J & ,lWI I* '+!I 2 6 2y d'l" j $1 4
1
b;; ~ " " 3JJ+ pl,J+. - ,'JI 2 I-!,'y J! 'h 4
3Jls I.. L l * a b % j *JI &dl &+YI i+ 3 &+
dr &,
,I { L J ~j,., +A I + L-91,
~ +
.L'J J-U &I J W I 4 ' 3 ,lWI 3

PP. 58 - 9.
M..
&Si[ fli, Jl +l+YI pl C t j dl +
,
.
1 4-r
i y4 'GL;I
bWI ri dl ,A $1 J: 'l& &.ill &YI bWI JIL.;)
d p I4 Y I Tml il>I ,+I Y LL .l+$1 JJI 21JJI JIj- L Y I 8

l. iiy d
>
, i3>
,I L% +l ,l '4 A&\ 'y '$.ill ddl
31 'bl~a4 '&I;; Institntion LUGCyf ,I '+I 2 c+l;f
Ju, I;.J d l dLdl -LOLL &I . I4
l
.('")cG+!
k .,+I
~
,+ JI
91 - d
d+ JJI ., ~,;L?I +!I 4 ~ L Y I JJ~
e
1A
,H
. 'y # &;p i.! j,: j;L3 ..&I,> +3 &A 'y
.Because motive dyl 212, in - Order - to Motive e,lja V

d&- @ &-Ij
-
&,
.&.ill ddC, d+>
&I
- .Terminus ad Quem
Terminus ad Quo a& &B Nj &
41 &B
3;r;l

-:
A, p U l Jl
Jl,+
'&uJ -
JY
,L
9
1

p+Ij '#$I 2 l J +I p+C, ww

P I db1I.,+' IL
.J-' 'y+ & $+ L' Intended act +!Ia 4 1 &dl ,A
2 & dl 4 l.+ & >
a
,%! i&lAl d U I ,A '$1 212,
adY, e"4 ""; p + l ;EU> '+I PI

r?*L- jc ;;
Ie 1 a d& JJI dl Complexes yFy d2,
&dl 'y L
L5L, i J,YI d& ;,&d .dY 21' d& d l
wc i !;I~ t J ~ O Iji.;? (MI ~ U j LL-
I jltll c6;
df &JJ .C J & J i-1L
. . +IS i&lZ &IJp
b~+ r, (bt;c~301LjG Y dy J;I d IL JI
a$, fiA .&> GI; jL! j + d J: 'di &> ,A,
'J-"dt;, 'LY4 ;GI ik; jL kl;;U $1; jLI 3
.I&, '@$I rdIJ9+,l 'NextTirnea~UI;Jl~kb;J~~I
ci,,

Ibid., PP. 59 - 60.

0-L: tjY,
ipU~ J;J iifi 91 & Y ~ + 9 1JWI +
@I d i p .@ i n w . 3 ~,,lisaL-,> L l l l dl uJY, .JLYI
A, .&+YI ,, +&
LYI q ,q haii+ L
' +WI
.,I e, j j4 ~ $ 1 i?;, &J ,41i ib+ IL +-
-iil$l Jl LpHJ i;io Typical i;k;ll 4
1.
, Jl 2 3 1 &
.&kdl $L,Jl, a&l,

J .uilt> 3 j>I;
;I & JSUI d/l dl tjXlI 3 u?J
df d l 3 > >L;I +I 4,~JP, h dp! dl dJ3& 4JWl
YdI &UYI & I b ( j b A .GJ,4 bEl ,I
4 L & p. s u

dL;l dS, J4j JWII , dl '4Lj J I+.i

-
'j.. WI dr O
,t>t i b ~chl;c
:
I
; +~JI ci41
YL;YI JWYl ~j dl d S t;4 Y, .jlUl j idJ&.\,
dl&\
J"&+djf~&'i~,fjlflij~yu..JS 1; 31
@I eb., JWI jj?w;rlkiLll+ . & G y > s j l ; &

.dbj, ~ L L JS-4 t~j~, +JI, >>I,

'j.. ,I> &I1 cP & b Y I +1'I j dl &-2
, $L2
. - - 42Ja 0 L

sl$Yl~ dI j bjjul &J Yc,.d;l ?Wl s l j +I+l5 I?,

.+L;YI U Y I Jl >]I c.&i Iil 91 ,+$d! Y +kYl

Ibid., P. 60.
 . ' \ O O ' c ~ L S I dY, $ 2l,> d b Y l i;L;YI ikL;YI r;i-Y,
91 ,A Y, L+Y,I, /L!I jlh; j bl ti Y,i. J L JS I+
& ;ji;s 1i1 +
j i &lie- dl
+p &LI & ($1 1, 1dY1 21,~
.Typical Sameness c i J d l
i i U l j +ill Prototype &YI l&i+L;rYI Y G W ,
p, .dI.$l, d U I 6J2l & d l FYI LYb &y $,!' +by\
'991. SUI IU PUI J ~ J I~1 r j y? iil .
9%& >J dfi- .& e+l dl ?+I@I & Jl
i$ ,
U l ,A +&I 2% JU &YI U ! , .&I!I$, 2 l >b,
dr &I '& J! *PG LfJ '4I. lip .2l,'d $1; - d l
'++A &L;43Jull > 2 ~ + CIJI IL dl,
'U>> ldYl 2l,> ,lz LLLl I$, el,> di $1 Sti
-. "07
J
;4
' '+!I,
I

JW 3 2pq4 &j &I$ +bl

i &dl ?L!I,
4. + + i + ~ 2 ~ t + d y ~ ~ 4 , A
dJ.5@ 4L &-& Lf &, i-J4 J..+ J
+$I JLil dl >+l 'di 3 jLhi, .2+3J +,..A& a.+

2 9 Y l ,JLilel Jk y A & Fd L+ 293

u ,>* i~ $91 w I , .g++I ,
kri , i % j S ~JW~, J W ~ JU A+
LA di ~ j .L
J! ' G U l ~ l = k y l , dK+ +I>& ,'93J pU4l A 4 4
3I $ I , l I . +Ij, pbl+dS,

Ibid., PP. 61 - 2.
Ibid., P. 63.
+ fly $1 ldYl (yl,+, 6-41 I L Jc d++- &I
' + ~ L o * t j s ~ ~ d , + ~ ~ ~ ~ u .+GI
~ > L o ,
b6 A$I
' fJl I jlbyl &I> '& & ,l *G, (rdUI d4 ,I
6 b - U pN I &.d d&- ~ J &I
I MI dl J,L~ di,
.p -
b Y I )WI j J Co - Actors jlSJLtll &ldJ . l,
d . GL;,
1 1.b 31 & 291 " > ~ k&I$.,
4 3L; >+ dl JL
. J 9 4 +J di;? 6 3 4
1 ';ELkll ,+ 9 4

r&il 4
iJdl w l & &LA +, 4 $,
ryZ PGIJI pI+l 0.b $l
p+Jl &I JjUI $ + k Y I
/L * OGI ,y &I &%I o b . I& '+ # 'ji '++I

j. ;E: dLjS &J + JrJ b 2 4 . # b y 1 )ul Jjl

JC.l~j LI,L~,Y, 'ili~~~
++YI ~ U W IjI+ '41
'41JLiI >J, j?+ js JLiY 2ljJ J>+I ,L;i* &I
S1.L ry+ Y &L-&w,+i. A 4 '$51,
' p L ; r Y I )W
aLJ crJ.J-L;Il, &+I ,AS a&
- . + Jc &-r Lo $ , .J L j f
L i t > : # b Y I {WI '&la ,+ lil '02 y 3%xl
.$YI J+)+&, '+I &LS '>+i&bd~jS
Ji;!4
, 2; 3.iA 44 ;ti? 6JI &I &%k /&I &I
rx id 8 y ' " I @ JrJ !h;i &%I Jr, .&IS Aloofness
;;L, & S; t+ d,l "pL;rYI )WI pL,& dl Jr .*I
)W &Vl +IJ +Jl Jr +A! 2l,> +-dlJ '@
~ ! d " ! " - . ' y ~ ~ ~ ~ & - y & \ J ~ j ) l ~ , & y
t W l jU; j J LUl W l J 3 U \ 2 @=
J dr I, . ~ W IL
twq
I
+Ul &LA')'!
,+wI
GI+
U
;I JJ~JI
r;" 'y 02j?-! L L J I
;C
#
.+.J&*
a;,

dlJL,;jY I kH dl J 2 Capacity +fll 0% 9, . 1

jtt .+YI
r h l l OL Y Y G G&J '+g.JI JJI C""J
iJfi i&LJs
. .+ I,& (1h-Liy 91 d"l @ b*,
J ~kH~ $1
! I+ Y rua @ c_ +JJI Liil +. + .,.LA
,lWI 31- 91 GL+ Jy pkj' Conceptual d J p j bki- ,
I
ji-J .++$I & J& /L 'y Y L+ .&by1
@, '&.dl & b Y l +I &t 41 +[1q --L; - j;
./k -3 a b l , a d & L N G &I "A91 4; o h 3
dJA4 &&YI +I &JJ L ~ " A Y I I L -9,
J, i ~ c t o r$2 .tL3 w w
,I) $6 dl
bLSz;/ iJkf, ' L A 9 & Puppets d~ +IF 6

51 A+ .('OY),,+liLI Vls LlLI t L l J, UAYII L 4

@ L+ J, & b y 1 t W l &I> +A A> ,! +I &JL%
(; .&>\+I hiu 'j Ly
- 6 L W iJ+ '+Is
'&LYl
elt>&, " ; " J ~ j y l0 L & Co - Ordinate ii,UI Jj +
& .&A &b (+ ,I) J.b 3 >*- + a$), sldfl)
, @I
i 3-J d& &ld Model ci$ 6- 54
~ l hi
s
&,b- Y * o l p 3 >,s&, A, .&, +,
#

r: .+I, JJI + +dI JLjYl +J~jl &%I

Ibid., PP. 63 - 5 .
+JI Lib, @-I .d ~ = W
j A-
l JUI U l I L J, GL-
.&.dl + U l Id a w l , &Yl (,&> &I aI>lj.

,I Gj J l&+I. ZfiI LGYI o h j

.+I kJe.t
,.MI3 dL+Yl (IWI j e- &JI SJI +b JS +.& +
( I J + I , .&I 'p J d I &-.dl r1.Y
&>U+i b U l + I d 1 4 i d r l j ;>IS! ,I
JS &+ bdloT;yYI
.dd;,
j b& &>u &J$ j .Jul
+I i6rJ LU iti ~ + J I I L *2 .&& d L I , 4
G,.Ll.& %ddt J, +dl - +Ul Jrpj. tl+I i A .+ \ J l
+Ul &d d& li &!I bLi,JJI, JL,.!I j
. +@ bL;LI
-
e l J d l +I*," i-&A d U . &,.!I d&YI - -
(IWl j Jil,Jl
t,li" d3J qu +lS & J.d &;$I !!.&
,I- +W +IJl
L J,, ./I
JU1 U I J, J& &li JUI ke;U Specious
d l >&YI 4. &JI- J,dI &;> d l &I
(IWI j +UI J,
.rjl lL J, $21
k, . ' & d l J.dl &
U l dt ,r ol+ Ji:
>& J $\-i!?,
G*J\ +WI dp b w GLI -9 G>; G-i"
pWIJ &.!I &>UI J@lJ b &&.i&k9
1dl&,
~
#

I
b

dr
L
- +JF- "~~bnr
U

&
I

LC + bjr;
Y dp&YI rWLi . .I
j b d b i * p y

i+G ~ y ~p I jlJ A'.+ t, -+i ibl;s~ l++

Gl+IkJJ-, 4.""" j.upSJ+I.df+ .il&I
.(\o~)J,YI ~LSJ. > ~irj is 3t

Ibid.. PP. 65 - 6. (\Oh)

i
o h k d Ljgl bJJlj s&~Ul
j >LI AdJ &-+
L.%* t(*)&+YI /WI j GXilll 3 3 JLj U I I b l i Y l
:8 ~IJJLP.
eJI j
+I kJ&s;;I c'J 3 llslll d l :LbLYl i J a b - \
&dl &-dl b L Y b k @ kp dbY\ bw
.ibMI iJUI bUYl kp 4lb; j
I & .Adequacy iiwl G a b -Y
iul /lr jlb; j &$I j- L i Y6 l 3uJI JL C~J. dl &I
;,I Y .&dl ;r'.&Jl 4+ &dl+I J, 63) &li&I3
++ dl)& &
d, p ci; JCWI 6.1 i,.+, Jjiu j
i
;!
.;@I j 4LJ > 6 y J

&!'A1bUYl jj rljrll +*, dj $dl jLYI i j a b -r

'43'4

31 y y dl
- A (Compatibility & I 1 ,I $141 i J a b -f
+I @- dl a G l y i Y l J, +A UII k 5 ' 1 jjGfi
I

. by j L c.rli Gli-l J, j
i
;
; + .ltJ,
&L* 4 Ljgl diL;JI JAG t
J I &ljaLPLI a h jL: +i
+.!I iul /lr 9,>IJl &+YI /WI y + b Y I rJJI
b- -2 4 ~/b-
b u 4 &,
&u\ b& b-dl
. 3 L Y, b+

-
P. Bandyopadhyay, *One sociology or Many* in socioogical Review, P. 28. ( \ 01)
Rationality in the Social :3 1 9 d Economics j \ 1f t y L 4 d $ (*)
World
Ibid.. P. 67. (I7')
241 2

. a .a,I
9 , + d l JLdYI 2
j Jyp
~ j ra
l w l
h l " 'aYl"i;YI
~
+.
+&
;f. protenstion
: J L+b
j +)p.j,L
+$b
'k&I

'bL$b &Id1

qj;+I+
Jyp
Retention 'l+YIJ
,,dl

3 >a,.&
bL$\
Tension
L-3+,5)
dL
vJtij- ISJ I
Sd w - kl>, & &I dl J$ df Y,
-.
IIII;; LJ, s.
JJ 31; ,r 41
IL 'GLJ.I
31 bJ> WJLIA~
c'j <L\+ uj @ '&, 4
1
.i+ LI+
Nacher- 31+13 6 a y b 1 + d j i - b j #,+dl)
j. 4 ;bll,
41 b A,J Reproduction - Nachbilder ' U\ leben, Reliving
L
I L -1 j Y, i9UiJ1 +
.+L'$ A
, +%I +I
.4;&&L cj6. I;>&b lil +L)l\
j l y l J,L j "&VI
d l jAi+a\~~.jj++,,y~~,
, I a I I j,W,,. eyu t
& * t+ dl &+ Y 2 I Z l j l A,, .&, ps @A d+L)
.4;&b 14 cSyfll

&I el& jr &I I;E 6dJI ($1, I L &I+ FJJ

&A+ Znanieki a &L>I
#
.srlr%YI 61 '1 tLs;Yl,
j. L$
&Jyu,J1 csl&d I J u Vicarious Experience LLYL ;&I 2
A&+ I;i Humanistic coefficient a&.L)rl &U&B
+
* &
Imaginative (+GI elzJ\ i>L~lai & ~ 3 Maciver
L
+.+ b ?l&l 3 1 & Sorokin $ - reconstruction
( \ " ) ~ o ~ i c -o Meaningful Method ,&L J 4 l &I &&
motional Syllogism adL&YI & ~ L IJ ~ l $ l j lj +-
->UI wl 2 ILL~I;i - a+- d+LJl dK b lip
$lh; p 2 6.3 b &I j9 al&I & p U l bGJY&
b 1\h& I&LCF dl&\
~ ;)p 1<A!i ;),a 4 O h & &I>
& L3 & i l l JilIIl eLdl IL Jj i W I Jj LA--
T. Abel. Op. Cit., P. 678.
Ibid.. P. 84.
 p U l ,pi JI4
1j+dl & LA, .+lJl, U I
"iJY"' " i l l >c$*
'
&
.GL;~LJL+-;,I+ Y+d,'iJ+l, ++I
af L,j da L 14 I+ . ~ L +A
I
'jA + d l lib, .(\7r)ai+x & L>'& +
1 A&l _-
Maxims .&>I+,I >L, Abel '$1 jJI a w l
+ +!>I s2 '*I &I 4 J.3 'jA JA
& J$ ,ll+l eJ LIF LLhi ++ ! 'JUI
t&L,
..
& & +L +Ii& SjK L lib .&I&& IJ u,+,
jb,j&c W i l , $ Q Y l + p J . 3 ~ l & i i y
y p-31 C;1Z p .$ 'jA Ci+ L -4)i dl ~ Y J.41
L
aIc+AI . t+y
j L I J d +%YI &IJl j al,+YI
a1 b,,L 4 4$3, >
' ,$I p, j
'\"'k'is[,
J& ar
&
.
*
*

Ibid., P. 680.
Ibid., PP. 684 - 7.
 -

M. Farber toward Naturalistic philosoply of experience in Diogcnea, 1%7. (\I0)

60. p. 118.
Ibid., P. 115. (\'I)
. >Ul+' !I 'y +I ,&I: d,< ( \ TV)
Hussarl, Ideas, P. 225. ( \ 'A]
YVY
l&&a > J . structuralism 1 i . 1 ) 9 JY
,I Eid!,
~+;.pyJll A, jw1, ',I$ -4 6J.I 4
1, ++I
A .

q&YI ,-L;il J1 -JA..dIJ, Jr -+$

6Ul Sociometry
.~;.JY ~ $w
4 t iY,L-f e, yj
L.
 Lpb+ &dl &$I 'js ++Jl il,,d ipUl CU;
& 4,
' W .hb, && df d
>
, &@I3
djlj, Gj.~y) r_1-+Y!, Lu'?, &,N?r &$llj l ? l
(&,l+)
df b h . 9 dL71 L&L. bl& p i p U l R&I>D& &>
*-A, .&&dl, &.&l ci; l'..JLil aLi% 'y o h -

i;L;Yl +I jW t l l '+,,kJl +,p &-+J j2 df LiilJl O

Y
&, &el$13 & 4
1> u l wb
& &kk!l &- W I , i;?&\ & b W 1 . j

2j df -41 , bGY1, w l , b4wl, &I

J& + c- (CC $ .&,,I ill -41 j& U i
L d j b J-&b r$ &+
I, .J&l 9, 6 o & U
j > Y l *L+II & Lli LG J + dl urt;( &,I+ fi
3 4 14 3 1kt! ++PY
&dl +,,Y ~ ; 4&i
,s,, .(\)&YI,
A,($-J+Yl d 4 ) t L ; r Y I + j, 4. #-ul e*
*-- df -141 o b ~ ~ l .(')i_leWI
b ~ iJI+YI
l ~
&SJYI 4 1 dYbf b +f bLPoU\ &L,I
,.,.ALrf f;! ,.&L;YI j &L.A,! GUY1 -ill
#
y&I,
aI,,Lr;Y U dl5 b ,,J+ ,,ldl, +4I jr 4+ bt+l
dlLi .-UI &&YI j U I J j;WI +.d! &L
LK, &L;YI, *I +I aI,,,ls aA-4 ,1- &I$ &
,A, , , *

$4 & dl i&ill iddl i$&4 + iLo &

.\dy.bL, P,,Uf

CLGYI
B
a,&
.+
. 'y 0% b &-31 +iJ+I 'y j K A,
plfll, Field JU1a&&d& df d , ~G ~ I dJ l

J. Piaget, k Structuralisme, P. 93. (')

b
J. Moreno, The Sociometry Reader, edited by j. Moreno et al, P. Xn. (v
'$2 FYI j GI$ 2 '3JS +-
b U I 3 + J&L
,I j U d J q I (Y)
4, . j y j~ .~4
\ j j Y I JXi j /&I +I, 4yLI Lij
2% dill Frame or reference (iJkyI Jib! ,t) tpjI Jlb')'&~G I
jc &-dill' g;-xI I&)Jj pl@I +A&I, .&I &%I
. t+Jl 'j &%I ,I &&dl ,
$
j L y l 2 dl &1,iJIj 'd2Ulj /l$-I j13! Jl LWI j L Y l
d+ ( t ) +A
I, aliW1, '<@I I .,
.& *,
/&I lpj jc +JI &+ fLG *+I
1

+1?~ .+ &G iJLj ,As 3 +SY $ 9 j-11, .& &I 391

;js di-Yc, 9 J 'WI dj b 3 (s$1 a1-+J1 LrJF
+- ill t+I
Jh- & 'al;'lUI A,+
9 ++I
$31 A J S 3%
.&I
'j ,1$
+
&I2
-
'aIbJ1

al;'lUl
Y
o
L&
+_I, $5
;
L &
aLWI
iiLbl
aLWI
.&i$
. G ~ J I Icik j
&\dl j G J u \ && bI $dl 2 bK (*)
dj?l &Lid\ &15=211 blG
, 'LJUI, iiAl & iiWl j GI;, tcj&IJ

&+YI 5 4 1 JI L+ DL ~ L ; ~ Y I~fldl, ;r &;ti

piYJ &&I1 & iiWl -
-
2% dill &I d,.dI 'JS J-?j 4G4.J
&jL D I J1+ b( &> .&J>-+YI hb j91 +
31 -+ ~ ~ J241
l j & Djl$I ;2L! 'JS /F 4, . ~ ~ j j42 J+
1 )
+JI 21~1+ ~ U I , J >/lrl~>91 + u LLJI F- J~S

3 @+$I >*j.Il +I G$ d, . &j'AI, @I

&jL jL I iYA
9,
+,.J++YII cU> JI, 'j + L 4 JI dJ1&L
& ZjIjAl iiWl L l j J &I ,I 641 j
. ), .\At1 tGUYl
j. dl> 3 blS &jL bl &I JSS 0~41, 241
&. L C 441 iiWl LJSL A, .+b *I $, &I $1

-j
. Jk 3 b & j I dl & k @I, &JUI Jk 4 441
&-Y [&by( S ~ ! D p4u
dl +!I h &$
I, A5
j
,l
, IL 3,
.d h, *rt; 41 Models +.dL J yj;ll 2lJL
U I JlLLJ y+ &dl &L U l Ab,
&
a
, &d l Jr
& b Y l oUXJli oliXJI, & b Y l s ~ P,J LGrJ .
d& 41 ciLdl l+ -&dl l rUI
l . , l>
pd dl &+Yl aUXJl + Jl d l j ~ ,Il eiJ Y &dl
LI*, LA f r Y .qLi i;. j.J .;CU y j
@..dFYL 4 . & k Y l oLIJdl 'j &PI & 'y *LL
'j J,I* J+ $2 $S dJJdI A 'y tj Jr
. ("r+I 'y b>

C. Levi - strouss, structural Anthropology, penguin University Books, 1972, P. 279.(1)

YA
&+>.-
jlJkll
I
6 - b

&
9 3
$

+'y

df

@ &I

'y
-~JI
+;

& Y, .dY>,

&i--', %
&
-I

. &- d l
@-
3

("'a*
-

cil&lI

&I +l;r;,YI i&5

eiul

3 ;-s!
dt

games ( d J U l

. . .a
++ .
214

Jj
I

s13YI

k9 6 + p f l # b! JA

-
ei+
L+

3Jk d&
(j.

b?,

+Ja

a l i Constructs i+)

& d&-

. ("'&+YI y

=kp.2 &I 2~~~

cil&lI

ci u l 2jb.d Jl&.&,
d l j K Ulb L j Y
6-
~~I~
& +Wl 'IE!
o
i b

3
h
ic*
U

&-:b+b
&%I

+I Jld+
6,u.d

i;i; >,
e-d l Transformations ay&I
l LIP1pll $ij
L (4 ,7i&l
y,

e q I

I d tj&
aL

GGL' rIbl
& 6 4 1 Al f,

@ L h
.i+@ ,
$
-LY) Neumann rjIrS; j3r

+UI J+
jI
&dl
+I cc
;: Y,
d

&

I 3JLs
.+

&J

ibIJI +WI ~5&Lh4I

JG
ciLill

Lk,

dJLj
f:WE,
bLw
a%&
&@

' J & J l * A 2 J-j

b>-41b&
2141 r X U I
i>b3JUI

LJ> &+I,
.*I
pJI

3 &9
L% .--+I

d l dcls)'l
E>> r+- dy
Jl e+;/
&I
k
h

+,+I

J13
b
,JAB

h
&dl +I
r b +-

e*bJ 1
3 L+

--,
dlJ&

@
j[r J j
L.
.,A

4;lyLI

+ a!
SL

b
l+

I-

& +lJI # d l Jy =IL_14 U I aL.ltiUI jr

I 'iy; 3 k>>,
,jd+YI l&
ll.; L+

Ibid., PP. 279 - 280. (V)

J . Von Neumannand Morgenstern, Theory of (A)
Games and Economic Behavior, Quated in: Ibid., P. 316.
 df

E
;+
4
,
> &I.;/
-LYI
cUl d r l
'y
f
& ,
JI

, fliJl
pf
+ +
i&Ub

~
I
J
'y

.&I,

OL I
i=;qI aLI,JJl

+
o

&L
JS
h df A
&
,
3 d l L y LPf,
&%
dc;
I
e ~d
42c

, &%I j*
Y I.,A dq + ,+ G~
o
ajjJI
I.- J
?
;,

.j 9 1
+-Ul
'k &
&,dl,
I h

4, '(3flJl 4'1 WI O a s k W ! 'y tj ~ q b

) @% 4
+ t UJ j L$ df f-Z J$ JS &, d+) p 4 @%
o a D b .(;y YJ, @ & dill JbYl -44
irLJJlj4 l&.u j $5 2 l& I. JS %
L i&UI
+,+ J5 &= j~ df s3.-J+l d
l-.&
.
JIP2 & i& ii%A b df 9& l .JJfJ
I .(')~l+Il
L I Li U I L4, 6-c 'y c+, &J$Yl &J
,l
f
fk Li cI 'y I dl .&+I -I; 'y +y,
I.9 EiI;II '+I df 91 b
' +, yl+ll+ +L. $
LS
,
lh d&- kJ 6 s &f
ci$ jf 'True a & l . d I ~ L3a d&
LUVcp ,bb, b+ c?;i 2 ~ J 'yI i~ + J I
dfi l i b dl; df 1bp
JJYI 4 + ;
I.1 .*e
b& 'y
1 &
- (1.)
f -J
, ,a >%
,I ,! >lJl elk14 jUl &I J.43
f q l 25 df Boas &I2 Ji&I lh &
>
I, '+
; & G ~ I L j. j~ k d 5 b d - - ~~;?IJ&JI&.L&JI
f I i 3 .(\\)&#-,I
b& kl, Ly+i Ji4i
bid.. P. 280.
bid.. P. 281.
F. Boas. (ed) Handbook of M c a n Indian languages

YAY
dt
I+-.*

%J
"LI,
4

'$
4+

-4
I&
iL

j l ~ J&
4 iiWl
b;ii
I
avw~j
.I&
l
g

d l
j. +I
d+
i~l.

sg\& k d \ qh
GJL

1 &Jl

b b
, '&dl
)

.GI41 ,y > j
r+- Y
j-

$3

&> 2y1+I d~ p i t d, i+

c)TJJ,$Yl

.ii4b
+LW
>+
A L, . 4 j~ S Y I IL j5 j t a3, LI,Y,I LI, di;?
'& + pl$l j. ki

L
.u & PI$!
i t g +.A J j

p y l ,y
g ciil4l j

dl GLJI
@lit dl +'
$'1

i+ c i E

A:)
j,+dl j

d l

.~ $ 1 IL, 'GUI

$dl
rlj

.tj **
41 '+yl ciL;II dY dl4
- &p

G\J\iflb.!!

- dJl&JJ

,y dl
& 'b31+ r& cikJI o L c.+ 31 ' J i2 y.31s
3
at eyli . +LJI ~s ILL y~~j+-
k &A.sLk l J jIJJ EiU ctb Li ti$\+!\,
cikJ! L I J 3 3 *-
dl b q \ r, & .bJ23$Y~
>+

$3 dill i t

& +
-q
S k y 1

EikJ!

- $Jz3$Y1
Li$ + dt
&

dill g
41 cikJI y ').k p '*j.f&I
ty.l2,

eJ3.&+I + ,y pIJall &

9%
-b
dt

ciiJl,
cJYl
r1;?1 I L L&
'norm WL.)

+ I ~ J
+ di;?
j
.
41 JUl I.
.y.Lt
+

,k-k
bfl
Jk
..?I

@X* ciLr)l o h i;- JiG .Home - Made c&l MI,

k.J . ~ p u d !*& 4 J-YI & fS $YI &
+ Theoreticians ~r,& i i l ~ 'J-SJ 3~ 'y\ 2 A-

P. 67. quated in: Ibid, PP. 280 - 1. I

YAY'
&Ul, C U I '& UL &+
I, u iJUI &I
+*ij4 jy+ .QI jG dd rJu ~easure
L I I . +-L;IYI ~,~I.Y;, I j &GI
&I aYl;J.l, d l 3 +, G L J I $L$ >*I >+I
9) JI~VI J jvl J&JI >-lbl~ ' P ~ Y I .QI $ii
Kroeber y L+& Invariant ;+%!I /ljJJ +>lc
p
&+
I, 31 pi . ("I(\ f *) GUI s&jl c;rl>Ja +IJ> J YL
cQi M LJJ+ ilP 41 >- . I;*d
> k Y I j J! cy-
+I 3 eUI @ +-l+YI +I jqql a L l > d l i .&&dl,
+I +--
i+lp9
1 &f j &dl
dIal+L,Jl~
.pi
j + ++I ;lL.+LJ! -1 +I+, JL ji&Cll
set theory k
rS1 L>LJ1 &I C)j a Y C f j '$dl
rJL- @ dl 6 b,J2,.hJkllJ 'Groups L A 1 &&,
iI>gl LJa &+
I, Li' '&&dl J.+ i.J- rjY '$1 &Qd
.('"&I lLCk&;jJ4 &ti+& JI J&YI &Ja3brJl&AI-J

[bid., PP. 281 - 2. (\y)

[bid., P. 283. (\y)
Loc. cit.
cjl-~ i j W l Jj &+
I, LG 9 d- l &
- i+Yl ii&I Gf
kj I ( 2f 'C~,.AI Scale (jlk; ,f) &*

C
i
,i Lc;l '$dl &
, 'y t, '$dl 'y ,J;u pI+l o h L&I
Gti .L&& d,& &iJl &,dl, Js oypb d,c
+& jlkZ +I+! &- > & oypb d$ Fi,.dl
'd-3
&+- Js aflb \;;IS b .Mechanical ki,i,
.sJUl I d J,ab d,>l & .L><>,
i . a j b y l ci,.Al~
& I 9 1 &-'y
pL2 Cili 4 g df & +\+I1 aL+tl 2
+ . q i Cjli
C'I )"
d
dL
,c
ciJ.14
@ ..L, ;'+I

+b . a l > s 3 di J! b,
,+%I &,>l
-
ej+ll I L J . L u d I @I
' d L j 4 l l+J! dl
LjWI, iJ,YI

J_; p b GW(+
,I +19

ab+L.II ,IAL,
4 +>
& L'+
a i U I (wi
+bYI
/ ),!ril
Y

Fluidity
w y
+

kL.i'y d,k 2 '4+Ll> G W I @I >~ df l A +gpIl

A-
. +, jy ++,.A\ dL cjl-~ dK kj, .("')&bl Eiy+ L df .I~
' i j J d l a&>\ +Adi ci,i lA d l a w l J J&l p
~ b 2 i f ++9r +3 . LUI &JJ j ~ bE ! i,i -2 Js
6 jb! +, JT 6 GlA CiU r,& - Ji +
.& 'y b*, t
'l,+ I- p- +yJki,
&+YI + ! I aLIJ> Js jlh? b d! d i 5 Ju, 91 L&,
2 & L j p l l &I+& 'CiE +YI dt 9 &
Js d>- df 2 Structuralist & d l b U l Lgt, .L y p L
I d a ' U ~ U e(3l
J ~ L J

Ibid., P. 384.

YhO
Lac. Cit.
 j OLc.
& L
i!
, .& i&lj;YI G I L+i91,hll
&-51 t~~ 'JUI h '&I WI

-d@l ;GI ,A, dl+ j E-Lzll LEY $41

.'""F lbtll 'J+ p?JJ

Ibid. (\"I
Ibid,, P. 285. (\A)
Loc.Cit. '
(\f)
- Lk. +L?l abL+lJ &I, &*I & &,I+ J3 Q13$Yl z,f (*),.
.& &y
j t b Y I +, YJk;S,I,! dp '$6,
&-k 'qi ciu .c;l J! Y,I q+ 3 j+ MI +
cik Jl t b y l ,& ,
(t;*rull+4 -: L y) &jUI
.j,& diWI (J+ ,I) ~jdf ++I Ij,s &, ' q b j
1 % & 1 d :GJ &jk J! &jYI r+I
& FYI, '
4 1 ~,YI &lJ! 3 dill c j ~ d b!k c ; b
y &LI&, . M I $s Eil-U &Jjl, G b Y I
$1'
2 ciLdl rll;L &+I &%I & GI'DL >jJL;II ab3j

& 2 I I +y I , I I , 'iy
:JUl +I & i;;L;I rJs
: t&YI eik, +) &X. : &jUI
,& 6 iJk-j
k J * ~ j i Y l 'qi ciu, G) &x. : Q I ~ , S Y I 'L.LI ciu
L l S IiU LJJi U eiLi3 &jiL%
.(")&Ji :b & Y l
rJAS I 0
I
-
L
#
I '+L+YI r+I J

& Ji-UUIIL L j rli;j k+S!jj;YLi . ~ L $3 I & &j

- exYI j;j . &I j > dLj 41 'Reversible o j L

+ - i , * , t ~ ~ l J b 41
~ ~ J K I ~ ~ L jG UI ~+3
L

* ~ Y-$L
qUI i+dI ~ Y + I y JJG dL by j l S I,IY , ' $.!.I\
& &jUI b! > .&b3 e Y ! Jl e2YI WI y

-
LM il41 41-1J+L 31 A+ dm,, .++ Q L ~-
,y, .r;,Ul 2125' l+13,3Yl dl& r J k s k,l,3Yl LI . d I C L + l
L Lji b,l$Y~ & ' L O I ~ I j *-I, ~ + I ~ & Y I 1 6 jji
~ (;.
LO1 I , + U l + b Y I b,lz,pYb G A L , +YI h l 4 l j~ i $
.W u liJwk J $ Y I
Cf. Ibid., PP. 2 - 3.
Ib~d.,PP. 285 - 6 . (Y.1
-I

r 4

&>"I
df
tjt

,4WI
df

lzY i
+
& Firth A>

+.tf
il;;~ .White

h J+
'$L$I
rt) j J& IJ

4 1 4 >#I

O
Y
,

L dl
)

& & L U blif j

/X;s& ILL
w,

;r

+?
~ - k &b

.i;Ixl

'j4
.
&

?ji
lA
Zpdl

+i +f +I

+>3.;+ j (kj'4IpLJI
yi c i ~2 ~3 j W Typology
&u $15>J+ &.& &,La
i;l-, y W

ii, y-+
&>L;

J%J6 +J&l

J;JJ
& iLiul
LLL;r,l

reenters &Li_Lj

.Ei ~ +
j

LE ~
j
.
a>r/Lj-

L
jLjll
L u r;l

+-dl

;'
ky

dl
&dl
3

LL~+\JIB
o-i*

1 df & Y,
~ $ 'j4

i;Lik p b Genes
'(?Loll cili a&
.(*)LA
i;LLolj runs
5 3
~
o

(SJI
-

J% 3
h

&JJI
tj~h

'5JyrJIJ

U G & &,
l+
bqI

JLJJ
tel&lr
L>AI

>Lj:
-

'4%
0
 r-Hj. J h ! i r b Y Y;. k, j tk; & dlS lii tc-Ixn ;t.,-
b
1
, u p ; lp*i;! $ 5 gi cili
rl*ijl &p -rIr L 'J,Ml
J, +
,I+ dr + J +I ~ + ~~ l l ~&t &I j.d ( LI,~
&.&I '491 cijLil& y b y l ci:JW~ J1+1 & !,&I, +l
Jk, Combinations k h l j 2 L bZPb j& 31 c i ~ l
. '"'dL$!' ,y L , iyi ,, *Uu
ill.&

& 4j >rh,- & a &A1 2 &A 3& J3 k-dl & YJ

J+ 41LI~JI Li, jL$I shin n+,c dl d b Y ~ ~ W I
5 4 4+p o h 1
41$-!I d,.+&!l =&!I .k
$ L 14 ~4 $WI t $ ~ ~ n &+
I, >JUJ .b+ p>w
l l ;s,Y, , i k j u J l dl; ' 4 - s J& GY\ j; jls; G21 j;
Vecto- +y &b J b I j .& % '&\>I I
L jb L lil; t & Q
&,' . J+.!I $ & JY
,l i 4 rial Factor

--
#+,
A

91 &+ f & 49.3, &IJ &jS 3 Lowie r&Jr dl; JL +I

+YI dl 91 - J+
d- -*I>! 641 j Y dl
' L ~ $2
L G>Ls L Iil + d& J+ JS J l j ~L i k L JI
k,JY.,,t;YI dl+ j i$-;I;JI a L I J A ikb *f_, '4, L
.(")>& ( j b>
~ 3, 31 'bbj

Ibid., PP. 286 - 7. (7')

&YI JaIj w, Structural Anthropolgy UM
. j- ;+dl o h &f
I

(77)
:j\ ~ O flc
Y iy YJ, +' +ill- - 'l+Il 2
A. Kroeber, Anthropology to day. seventh edition (1%5) P. 531.
& &dH9 ?lSJ9> &+ t++YI ,& j a Y
i.+& L &
42# d j l i G; LLCBJli6-iJI A, .&MI d & J I
diSJ .('"I$ + & ii~bp-djWI 1-b j k GGI>YI ik
iJL LYJ +* Ll2 L I j > &S Jj +&I j f &Sd- L%
d,& dl &. &>idl $1' a Y l 4 1 >I& dl * kj
& -t- L ~ i.jjj
,+ Y i.+..tJI ~ V$19
I .&
J r ~ * i L + & ~ & 2 Y l i i ~ Jj&Y &
dk + t-,.+ Y- ~ Y GLLLI u,+ &I,

ilk kf ~r 'u-l j
+ iblj & j+ L dp +-,
. '"j,;l

Durkeim, Les Formes Clkrnentaires de la vie religieuse, P. 573. Quoted in: Ibid.,
/
(Yr)
P. 288.
LOC. Cit. (yt)
~ o c Cit.
. (Yo)
& dl $4 JJ ";Llul>Jk.!I dk3% 4-
Y,
J+~,
3.~1
JUI >+I h &K i i i Y ~ ~ ; I X ~ I iJ& j
.
Realia cs&Gl, iJy & XJdl icl>l]l a b h &, r $$I
I , I I &%I -.,Generalia alzrJl,
tG,Jl j
.
L
'bjI& a L W l 6-b @ a%dl .?I . . .U L
3j 3 b k - jL & & &J
(Y"'&k

Ibid., P. 21. (Yt)

C. U v i - Strauss, "CritCres scientifique dans les discipline ( Yv)
sociales et Humaines. Aletbeh, No. 4 (Mai 1966) P. 200.
Quated in: C. U v i - Snauss. Structural Anthropology, P. 18. (Yh)
&13+Y
'l df p '+by1 b,J*,,%Yl, +MI b,J*,,%Y&
ax: f, ax: i , JS-~;
~ Y ,BY,I L-,J+~'Y ,I
s
ax: r, L J A ~ ax: cC J! 'L LI~JI tj
ibl, jk~I_)'
4 1'y U I +& ?>I 'y
A &I ;r. U +y J L Y I df yj+-Lil &+YI &
dp ' t b Y I + 3 Gf .(y')d+ql &I ALL
,. . - bf L k 'y

bK li1 dY di, 6% +I li. cI&l J j,s Y y.Jly2

3 9 ' r+ 01 &t dK p +-
Simiand ~I;kjn ,
41 ju;jYI, + b Y I i u I r&>U Lid ~ + &dl &&JLYI - 8

UI ' t~ Y +I +-. r j G - - 4 1IL tjb 'U iiiJ+~LC

+ J! A L \;I_) ./Lpl;YI ;>I> 3 cA JU&, ++YI
tfl eks* &+L J-91 d l 4 1 j JLLl p p tl+YI
~ ti-+
, ~ .. & JJI .-L r j dji F-
32-11

-
'tp~L, Y I r~ i+y~~
JL4 & t b Y I +, .(")l+l/$Y~ 'y CP
ak+tl f, /&I 4%++ 'j+ U I$
&dl ( L U I ) L%& ,
bf Ci;l y-t h y 1 !LC db JL.J&, Jf
'&i dl

$3 '$3 c+- J1 d l G L y l ;+I +l 4 dl$

d*. j,lrj df t++YI !Lr J j k JI u L % I +,l 3 c.1,
y y-'y +-4 '/Ul k+* &.& .kJj
;r. dK dl &IJ+, L U I i&lI &li.d
+&- ~
hf ,h-
6 t b . I !Lr A dl L 3 &$
I, J+ dJ3 .(")$
.(ry)d+;U 9 Lil /UI 4A++ ukAl

Ibid., P. 356.
Ibid., P. 2 .
Ibid., P. 362.
Ibid., P. 338.
 V X S ~' Q I ~ - Y 2
I is & % ~,+MIB L t
'IY Qlfl+Yl, e J u I +;r4 && iLJI dh 2 LA& ald&
bml ,I jLjll j M I J! d%YI IL FJ
iL
&*r l sw @ + 3 LIJd+L j dl+ IC( . j W I
&LLI j V, .LIJdJ P U I @I
j%l+ j &+L
'L9JJI
iEUI r k l aI~ya;
LA& iLJI alJrP;fJ 3
qf +A .L& b u l dlJ+ 2 fb dl!-& d d $3 +*
blYccu~ ,+
dt A Y ~ $ 1 2 L I ~ >+t bt ci;
,
.kJJ1 LL j native &I
, +,
eJMl 3 -+JLA, a-I
.+
i +J,l 'dkJl, 'ZJI, 'iJ@I >&!I Qly-$91,
A 41 SCJl 3 >IJ + d l L b J l Jr tjll A
+
. ,+Jr,
at G, . i+,i OLL illis ~r I
; , j l y - - Y ~dji . b J d at
.&ly-+Yl >& 4
, bt, +I o L Jr & &at
#

J LJL & klp?+j'Yb ~ J U & I 4 9 9 I jJWl bf U

?!.,I

8I
,'i+L+YI ;GI 9 t+JU .&I f, +MI >It+JI
+ 91 dl&$ Y, &I j d b - Luis, ' d L Y & a Y l +I
.i.J&Jl alJWV J b l j dl&$ @ . d . l + .JLf a,l&
;w i+l,Jl al&b l& j eJUI +-&
.(rr)W;I&\ 0 s +I,%\ &I Qly--Yl 'i+L+Yl

y Y 4.1 '(413 02, ;

. 'y &,I+ y.22
&-UI a~.li~r ~;~LYI, kt f+uB 31 J+ 'pi
A, ,TT,b h , t IC( +%I Z% I
,A&..) incertitude
3 1 ~ ~ 15 ~ m c Q
b ~I, ;E, $.L +*rgj ~LJI(L+L b ~ &

Ibid., PP. '16 - 18.

pl* k b x l l +I .l,j.dLl
j u5
i
iljk,J,,,;;YLi
2 CJ"LX, df 2 df 441 ; ~ ? f .&,I+ +j i&l
4,J,.> dy &Y & - ,I - +- jb >
. & vl+ll u+l +
3) ,I bf I, +,m+ j I& ad =&Yu .J d& rLI;; 4
I

elb j
.k:I> dl& L: dK L lib .d%Yl +k , I JYI
.Gfdl& 4, .LSL' efaborations cs\>L,pl 6.2

9
1s +I,YJl L&U 04-d@ 'U ~ JI &~
I, B >AJ
>
+J,I o L .i;U&+WI p l y ! &.I&
j LlclB)f JjLi +MI
.I,Jl b,J,,lr;Yl J.iu,
LsLJJl +y+%I .,Id&, '&I
+M&-~;UI
sk dI (&I3n LJ & 4 oI+ JG { 6iJ1
.+IJ
Jglj *b_f C.J
di . W l , i+,3Y~ &I J1
dl; k a d
rL' & LGJhLLF~
&Il **2 ,7JLi d l $ &sL iiill

+-4 . ~ - dlJlb!
I

.+y+ dY+ It: & d l

jL_( Lylll p l y 1 ;1! ~ p +jJUln
l db J3 di J! rdl31
'&,Jl 2; Y LsLJJl
ld
&la dl 9 L-,J>Yl pI$I

C . U v i - Strauss, aCnt6res Aletheia, P. 205. (Tf

[bid., P. 19 (To)
&I.+ + j Y JI ii,bJI i;UI A, Universal & b+9+- 1
.l+,+
GLl
',$I u l & @ i,bf, 'homog6ne jb -*
. ~~f, GI+ '+f, ip L l 5 I'F '31 L p h .
d
+I @Jl i.ILYI .&>UI* 'k +fAF--r
.b*, h~ l j ) l'k
l

F. Boas, Handbook of Amerfeoa h d h languages P. 67. (Y7)

Quatkd in: C. LCvi Strauss. Op. Clt. P. 19.

-
Boas. Op. cit., PP. 70 - I Quated in Ibid.. PP. 19 20. (rv)
 m u a q *sma~ie!sos l o s!sL@uv
.SS1 'd (lS61)12.0~ 'ES .IOA L)q%~odo~y)uv
aql plnr a % e n % q n'ssnaiss ! ~ '3
n:u! pa18110 '161 - 681 'dd ' ( 8 ~ 6 1 )au!- aq)
(A) purr pquo3
prne pnn!q aqj u! uo~~~~!unruma, JO 'm~au~aq.i3 * i a u ! ~ , yq
 k, .L dyi 1, L,J 41 by + +I '-,1- #

Co - L - U l d-
&.)hp (zJu\ L L ! e- bj
LG L.+
J-I
L , b
,y
'J+YI

i. 3
+I
-L+I
OWWI y' +*rll
;pU
1
Ail &
a
+J4
. o b - +
existent
&- Y
l' 5,.,+

.('.),LA 429- &-ill 3jh;ll h+ 'jL+ &-ill +>I &I

d
,,;l J& j %Lt reduction + df
i~~ W

-
J+
. > 'kk &dKi L lib 9+L+YI pl@l 3 &+YI
,J 35 dl &i
y >, '?&+dl + J/ & . I d 1
,y 8> &&I OL yi; J/ +L+YI
+I 6- > progection *LJd1, L L ~ ti J+W j ~ t

C. Uvi - Strauss, Op. Cit., P. 156. ( f * )

i;U\ dj; dl '&,&I

++I alh,.!lp Phonemes a&dl (*)

+~bUL '641 C W $
J >TJ J &+ ~ I J .j931Y L k
ih, 4 e+ (%+I) I+ J+! Q4
I&
!.,:= GJ'
2 3 1 i,2>1 aliu '4+b izUl +3 'ibl, ;J;v
. &,dl1c L ; U
JJ
il ikfir + socialized Gk+l e, plJl
l
.(t')i+l,Nl
@*& i l y J $1 di jrki JI 9 4 &,I$ LS

.+I$\ jL;\, &IJjll &I) jlki j ioli, p k + Y I +dJ

i+
j bi+ J>
I, dl $,>I ~1,i.l LMI L,Ul d! & G

C'I j l * $A Gl3 d "b Ldl, 'i,;L;Yl aL+lI

d I 'bL'k L, 'J,y i U l JyJI, 'pU4
icl&I &I> L..JI Circulation J j l l i dL41 ;+lc k+ b,:
J I $ 1 f f i J I .ifby1
#

.bJ2L&l rJI UYJl +I>

LEI 'y bi $.I +I,, i l J > sly-I $41 lj, 3, :I+ &>
ki uy 'y b ~uUI. dI+Yl 2 n~ & J>l+lI
'91
a w l j %A L~Lz., U, 91c'~> YY
,JL j dji, I&, 'k & a., I.b+ jrI.Y\ i,b j -I
.+& -. i l l i l l aL%JI, '&b3 #L;U~!
bi JS ;N @+d! c j u I

db,Jl -9 ro,ctc c i l j ~ J 'y

I d l I L ik4 a+b &!j

JJL,;II a L 2 . G d! 3, '&&I L+Y4 &I$ &-ill

3, d 41 r?U; -&%.!I kJY.,j;YI 3 iiJ&I Reciprocity

dl91 & ,I 29 & J>l$l d31Jjl13Dud & . Y l $41
'y r 3 ! jl@ bk dl, -+'I J&! U L b b>h
L b &Y,l &G Y '~~&;llr?U; j d\+Yl 2
.FYI + 'y L J l , h Y l 'y ++ b+- > i s b $ t, @

j &s &>yG* b ~ l j&

,f
1 Gl3 dl+! 'y hb, J& &
.LA&I, OGI

Ibid.. P. 158. (t')

 '(~&+YI i,d4Jl1 LI~JJI $A 'j.. JXL;Y+,
\ +I
(7 & J l & d l 1.b 'j.. &, ,&I, a w l
Y\,I L&&" aa '$1 6,$+ U I dlPYl 'j.. $531 &I 'j..
,[. 'L-9 a91
I
,>&',I i7, .. y-g,' &J*$,Y I &-
C;$& Ih, .(")J2@1 &I$ id2 Modalitits alp,
ZJ'A, +
i jA, a\ ULI '$1 LWI +I j s-i
u A, 621- \, kli.~ ~d iJy!+ j ~ c
t t j~ ~IS L
(") Q-\dlJ d I u3 9-
+I91d L j is A%A J+ a\ a4 /,I$ Ad,

+IPIjL;b ?>$I &\,.5i ~ 4$1 e~t;l~ + t9 .$,$I,

'j.. bi ilij! y-&I awl 'j.. i+d\ 'Lul 'j.. t,s
G& @!I l L u ! eL;y .dbG1321)91 & >\+!I
Lineage i r l ; + J ? (j U l & &J1 JAW! 2 JjIdI &
+
, Y I+ 2ljyl U31+ $'I e L U I &U\, @ ir%WI,
. ( t t ) ~ &1;LS
~ j AIJI i~uill
9~3 hi
iijldl d G k Voegelin I&>Y OL\ & Y,
I I -. ( I ) Operational Cornparabilities i$I3?;;JI

L*lr 4; 'j.. +\,A L JI,& '+L+YI jl,hJl t+

(La--!,LYl dl) Substantial =i=l;JI i;JUl av! J&,

Ibid., PP. 158 9. - ( t y,

.>, c6.'u~
u +; ,*I plc ,P; &I dYj, .*i +f(tr)
. \I0 cp ibc.
Ibid., P. 159. (ti)
:$ *UI +&JI o h cgp , I * ;
,
Lcs Stracrures 616mentaires de la parent6 (1949).
 Y I I jr I I 151 J J p I , .(to)& -.
all + aL+, p u i.kU.1 aL&, p u h l > >+(
J& 9 3 .c ' l ) i ; u ~ a
-. @ p +-Jl lg& 151 3: ,+
- -
+A! & d l Experiment t+>l L 151 I L G> aFy
d .+L+Y! + d l +>l& ,I & ~l\
> l &2 I k & '&
+!$I ' j L Y *>I a u b,J,J,$Yl {lr * j jr 0- at5
a l i l+L &dl >.ri1L Llr Jj {MI 2 rli1j
$4 &b b& J1 &>
; k {M 9 4+
rLU& .by jbul j +J d l alilll CMJ CJ, {lr &JJ
\ ! ' j 1 b*$ { ;I &&u!ilh-
~1
{ ,I r'++ A biilll, + l A l &I b~L,+J,I yi; j &j&lI
& b ~491du L lib . i . k h
u d y &&-

4
6

&L/ &b A L!
.('")b L&

(\f tf ) &/frl &C;UI rl& ;,I; $ &pi u& dill +I a l p jls ( t o )

Language and culture: substantial and Operational Comparabilities. 3

Ibid., P. 160. (t')
Ibid., P. 161. (fV)
Ibid., PP. 161 - 2 . ( t A)
-LYI 4
1 *,I + ld y-e,jd,L, .+.it1 9 4 1
u iklrir cEJl L a ~ 1 3 JI, ~;UISipLO=JTYliL;LI JCfjS!
>JL;l~ & &I j &Y& + 4 ci,.I~j, .+I
dd&~ df ub ,>)I 4 bG3 L G W -.
L-bll
6- & L;+-+~I &dl 8 -d&- df,h- Y #&I
& + i,;Lj &
o,, Modalities +lp, jc L&)I 9J..JIJ ( r l l
.(")$J
d13gl bWI Jj;cEJI ;LUI S l g l

Ibid.. P. 163. (if)

strucfural + L S ,y +hU csL i&JI 04 JL
(a)
&>I$ J L ! ,y dp. b s JI iIJI" ,y bq L+ *othropology
Les Temps Moderncs, XXI (1956), P. 158. j
Translators preface to Structural Anthropolgy, P. XI. (O')
+J,J,pt $ S'l +LYl dl,c*Yl, a W I p3
.Meanigfulness &I sip!, J&l, ++Jl : 3%j jLi;lZJI
d+ 8 L+ 3 k,.l,~,$W J,YI GAAI 4 ++JI LL
-1 b b $, .++A1 PUI ,&,
&*+A\ CJl>WI
&&,a,&.,A91 Cl2bI 'jj442 e, 'y L M I &.ill

d r Jr +Pr 8 J JS Jr A ~ f I & 619,

.--r~ &-JI +I jj 442 e-j t b g ~r :eJt
+ .+(J ~ L ' L . + I jt 'W 2- + A,I
&..A& cflzj j u Y JI c s b d l 3 iali Jr 4 j Y Y ~ j &
.&I &MI $
ir;14 J ' d l , &YI L W
& t & J &LOU1o r b js && dl &' ,$I Jr
tjlS;Ll, 3b$l js dlJ+. c j ' h j Jr j,LU_, 'i++ +i aY+
y JU-I IJL ~ ~ + l i dS;JI
I js +> j+ cfl-llrlI3 >LhzlIj
U I d.b .*I ?&I 3 &u pj b l J d l abdl
i4-L: ~ 1 i;s b j a-l Jp;dl j3JI ;1?
:+k +
, + Jr Bohr gJr ylj)wJ>IU l &
$141 3 $5 4 +.S . . ( -z L yb \ d i k U ) &&I! jj)
i&l Lks, b w s2U > L d l U l Modes dL-91
.' O " ~ j l , ~ I

N. Bohr, aNatural philosophy and Humman Culturen Nature

cxL11 (1939), Quated in: C. E v i - S t ~ a u s s , S t ~ c t u rAnthropolgy,
al P. 364.
dl + b Y I #I j L 4- JUI di, b J 2 j $ V l 41 @
C 3-1-dl &I +,pi .+i &+A 3 43, ' Lips Jif 4
f 3 Y w, '++,A $ 1 4 dUl+, JGYI CJS
lj ~ I YJ dl 1- allill i+ J+ k.5 Ulb (j*u ali d&
->I, &dl
( & J G Y I dl,) 3; C&f AJk!l bJ,hi &fi j
maximum d- &YI f, '&&I L i d ! , Profitableness
d l
-3 J1 kl&I && ';~fi
aIJF- J ~ y olh 3Sj population
a ++ $I3 ~~I
I
Lli
'
#I 3 +&YI ? - I

+ , Semioligical bJtw@
' d& df J1 dq; bJ*,$YLi
1 J 1 1 , 2 .'kp t" a&lr j
.
LY;J,*l & +J' U I 4& a& df U &pf
C-" - L r W + b Y l WIJI L+ 9, '@: & l
i
lU i
i
ll
l lrLJ
rildl +>, (sound ayJl)A,., &+A\ /LYl & -(I
. (OY)(&l) d, Signifying
J &> @-illJ+JI j f & U l & bJ3j$W @I d ~ A Cf
l
f

.G++ & @ +I* j5 &

; L iQl

'ciw ;G J! & J ~ , ~ Y I . c i tv
~ ~
p @!
iQI Lil-, & aiS;s ji;r &.ill @IB jc -IJ
. ( O r ) b P L 3

Ibid., PP. 364 - 5.

Ibid.. P. 365.
 LcT
1-0
b k 1

ilJ+
,$
;bj. 9, L
5 6 - djf
‘dJUl
bkJ3J$w
3 ?f
d l
.klJ+

bi ci E;J J,I '+IW f~ u JI, +,a

id iJUl oI&I o h JS .IJ, .dl
j 91 .dl+1 9 1 ,I a>,
'y I .+$ 9 $1 LrJ+ f+ a w l 04i :&I ?I,
. ' O " > l j Y ~ & &All a\iXJI, &&.A\ a G W I & c a L + L l

Loc. Cit.

Ibid., P. 366.
I),>> j?Jl s Y 9 Q e-$Jl [Isl d,& Cra jrj .+I ~ l b J!
,
s&S A
, &, +
I- dl l,rlj L lil u d l l elhlIl aLIJdI

Y + JC WI JLL~
3~ di, .k~~ji;f
43 3 'U@Llj> - 2, 'bj&
dl j;l Y C(J
tyr J= ~ Y JSI +
I- j t cp :++ . j. : - b 1 , ~ 1 9 j ' ~
.(")d& oI++I ~f & ,f- '&I JKA
~ 4 1 &dl
. ~ ~ ~ Y 2I LD j2t dp yl 2 kJ 3-
b W I &?\ iJb4 '+-
Y &.dl +L;rl JiJl Jj La& 3 G j +.
j+l JiJl & 4, 'i,$JI +C]JC(
i &dl JiJJ &\,%I
&. L L U e-j;l dl &I a W l j
.j;A, $ 'innate
hj+I 3lbhL-U d l s13)II &+ + .Wl, I;dl +Yl
ci";k '$LAJflj &t d k & Y d U \ ijpd?, bUI
('")a+, LLyl al;p

& Jlsr;t pi & JiJJ . dI,%I

. & M I j \ S L Iip
'JJJI p &..dl! 2 JGYI ~ J UL ,!;I ,&&I
+ df j\U?) ~ ~jQi~- i j~
_ u l I j4 1 '&AI, $&ill
ql+ll

t+ J= $ L+ JS 4, r~ JS 4 LUI +I,%( i;u

.(oA)dlpvl, +I >L & 'jk,*%..d -
JX; jr dLYl 4 JS I+ ili!IU, 54 LJ-" +
&&d
sdrb jr el 1-b k$ & Y j .&+I i b d \ o y &

i,h.lI ; r L I d L L '#I i
h ,
, '+.dl j r&YI JC CJL;

Ibid., PP. 367 - 8. (OT)

C. - Scrauss, La pen& souvage, PP. 173 - 7, Cite dans (OV)
piaget, Le Structuralisme, PP. 93 4. -
C. U v i - Strauss, Structural Anthropology, P. 21. (Oh)
 A-du fond et de la forrne @I, &dd l &Lk!lim
. (09,2~~2 &I J.G '4~~ ~t hm '++

LUI '& Z W I UL. dt e* Ai @

+I, dt LdJ Y
j L l ; J klJ& a
511j
5 +z
r&lI + c,+
.,
Wl +
I, *dl &$I c4ir 3sp! 14, .LA91 A&\
$L?l
-y
iUI +,+ 4 l p l ,&J, .&WI b&al L l S
-. UL-~
& t,.lJl .++;
j ;)! j> Y ~9 9) 'iyCl+Yl,
bii b+ W & '&.+I, ~ i 9 1 ,'b+,
LSy & & d l iiJJl
6- +2 j;j3.(")pour son esprit c,j&
>+ I&, .de J.5 > & . i d 1 *i$ '&,A!, I* f&l
4 ~'k - +-fl .+ &p,L.,
' A,*I JI
-. G W I
‘ju L-ill & dfi p, . b q I p L&l i&Al
+f >$I >+,sjf +b GWl J+ I&) ';il;Lzrl, +I
dp: 6 j L ? l J.iJiJI1j , p+ $ ou G W l i .&,%I JJ
. . .& 4Lllrr3 occasional camers S j W I &&I t ,2 3J\

C. U v i - Strausj. Le Totemisme Aujord'bui, P. 131.

clans: S. Thion, ~StxuctrologieAlteheia; P. 227.
-C. U v i - Strauss aCrit6res... Aletheia, P. 209.
 ++J b &+I iy k+ $ 'y,
u! .,(")& '& i& 'y
>fi 41 4
11$1 kg $ 4-
. 2 ~ " 1 $+JI 'w' ;
I.
L G I;d l +LYl .#e
C"YIy! 'y a& Y G
I-=
Y 'dLyl JLu G+Jl &+Jl'y +Yl +
,I &+
I,
4 9 *~ " 1 $9 .*I b 4 LJ &. &,I$
$ i1-131iJ,LYl $$; & CU& '$1 JX; 'y + L Y I $
i.+ L l &a, Y &LJl at & .('y)'jyl, I& $b 'd+Yl
,zln, Js+.Gs U I 3, ,J'yiSaussure JI; I$ ~ 1 ; 1 >
'y $$; d l p , & L Y l El, '+LYL
. - a+,- Y &LJl CUS
.(")pi*

i.+w 2 .(lq~l)' iik!l, Race d u l & dd-! +dl

6-b JlJ& 9 Ih ,+bGJ

.'"'(bW, &Ju=JI rpJ& I;r!
C. U v i - Strauss, Le Cru et le Cult, P. 21, Quated in S . Rayfield, (I\)
The Dualism of U v i - Strauss, International Journal of Comparative Sociology,
Vol. 12, No. 4, (December 1971) P. 275.
Rayfield, Op. Cit. P. 275. ('7)

-1 '"&A1 & .> +j,&

!~
>
l' ilU
: ; I ,&' - &I '35 ( I t )
"$1 LW
J,
JL j ;l;rJ&I OJLl 3 9, r;f -41,
3,.l.+I&l j 9,lpk 4 'bF ii kl, a*; UUl,
i
Teissir ~--b, cZrJ&I )WI Q k +!$I i!L
s b f ,
.
J + ,+?-b & Jii .U I p 4 $1 i&, &
lL &lJ Glyp j f 'Crustaceans Ll,jll ali a w l
s19JJ LjLll sl+W iJI 2kVl &G 3L;rYI y+ 4
1
'iJL-1 L.!Y / X 2 4 ?-
dl
. -
&a aliWI 0 4 'bUI
&> . L A \d e 6 J I O h 9 Lb (&lj bJ34
L- )v V l li,d l 9 ; U I Jk, &J&1 J W I I L & $lill
i~po h % Llik A,+* J: Wl.krfJ
p~' dl& JLCf & ijY
ipW &..LVI y V ~ 44; j 2 d$ +bJ d l

C'I jll &I>, tl$l j

LI& +b L j&#+
I, ~ J U J.L,,dl
LlJd1& 63 &Gk.!\, d w l d d s .(")$I &9
I d , f w .y W I Ll,dl, ipJ&I
Gu 4f &!k9 .d y L i ~ b A dl 'GlJJ1 a u l 3 1-
ali1;2 Z31b aL-,+ Lgsu j 3;;; a L J I 3 jl, >& 3
ab= d& +& &&& i.+f, iJ3k-K sly ~ ~ + f

.yy / &'JI (70)

C.L. Strauss. Languag: ant1 Analysi- c : Social laws American Anthropolo@t.P. 158. 11)
+
it;& irr9

yl,.
#J,l
i+lJ+!,%I
&%
,I
6 3.0141&I

;
i&

,b~;:
j ++$.I
'p& t,

1-b - ag! dJ> - >

&UI LU L+ i ~ i ' ~ t JLYI
a
+
.
lA
,

,l
ylUb
df
+MI
,& liu &J&

0lJ)m;j&,!
6-e y u l 0 1 4 4
ySJL J] ,L2f
&Y + d l
@

-,
j L >L
a)().1.ClloL

i+i

&-.
, &UI

L li! &

df j
..L
+
I,
'&131

.yy J
f,
Jj;d l +I

,@

C. U v i - Strauss, StructurPl Anthropology, P. 280.

1&i
dl &-;:I,
I&i (iA-

LJL* &,I+
#, ,&

L f, &f
b

'k &l:Y . @WI i.s,

. i # l l L+
df 3 NGUYI &,JY-+Yll j J

b i J u [ >
2.i

d u l
2 l+Y,

L U IA,

lib #' ,%I,

4&

yJ .bJ& qk!\
,I)

+ L*Zi

b&>I$
substantive

&,.I

jr t*ll

.
&

LLI

b&

&(lv)
(Ih)
Marx and Engels, German Ideology, Moscow (1964) PP. 36 - 7. ("1
dli b
,:, i k ; u ~G+ 136 Le cru el la cuit. P. 19 %u ,+jl c> (*)
Quated in: H . Nutini, the ldeological Basses of E v i - Strauss's I~&~IL;J

structuralism American Anthropologist Vol. 73, No. 3 (1971) P. 538.

i.k,j hi I+ 2 +i$ sUI cF- j t JkLt
&-' b.;l4, $ &+I, Jz p I " '&WI j
.
3 t-UI & - d- k U 'LJj& j! IL
~ I J Ij
L $5 G &;UYl
cj;;l j crjli
-lLl L I;] u-jj
&,I$ b ~ .3Lj3
2 dCS; $5 ji,~Ul a Y L $5 & j-+ .
kF- &J ~~-LII, illZ LbI +- j t A-L-I-Cii~
+ )
*p,
'(4-L j&YI iJ+t I+ j ; ~
Ll?, @ J++i .+i$
.~'"')iT;ji*CI, 4i4 CI-Xj+ dFY4 -I A J:
@ $Y';I,l + j.j@YIJ j> jI b +3
d l L l js iLu & J,~Y .&+I + j.Postulation aIrl.dI
df A jl+l -&&I 4 2 j&Jj 6IAl Gf &I +I
'41pI1 4-G OJLS rexperiment+&l e,.i.Fyl, @
+ ~ t + t ~ r * u 1 j & - ~-.j l i 4 , k , ~ & . j s ~ 4
.2,j1>I', 4191 j ~ ; t&

J . Piaget, Op. Cit., P. 90.

(V*
C. U v i - Strauss, Overture to le cru et le cuit, (v\)
Eng. trans, P. 43. Quated idJ. Rayfield, Op. Cit., P. 278.
H. Nutini, Op. Cit., P. 541. ("7)
Uvi - Strauss, Les Structures ClCmentaire de la parente, PT)
-
PP. 95 96. Quated in: I. Rayfield, Op. Cit., PP. 272.
Ibid., P. 67. (vt)
 C 4.E d l @I Fur Works LJL!I vWYl yf ,y +
,,I '

d%j i&AI e a - - 2,
dl - ,;t.rJIJ>Yl o j G f &$
I,
JiYl & V &$
I, db each +J J+- p &Lpyl
u kJ3 iJA'?l yl,hJl LIJ> 3 +JI TUI J+ cktS j
c - 4 1 JI j* dI &iS LLI, .dl> J! ,$@l yl,hJl &
&ddl ;J+!, bi$ul G I rb &. ZJ.&
dI b& Y p .+I$, dl+ & &I3 cdbf Jj j+
U l &;): d l iJbYI, ~ Y ci:JL;il
I a Y k 'j+ i,rl Jb"
,y +j & &U ,e U l s;t;, al+l d-l ,y &II Jl
J I,+ *-b $ i-ul +I +,+ +& dye ci:JL;il
dl ~k3 I-b, +ld-l fbl Jl ekdl >J +-
I .+ UA e'" dl ' W I & j l & Y l +,I ,y,& L( &
. $ - I dJL 31

H. Nutini. Op. Cit., P. 537.

+r
J+ y
;>& +
Socivs &+I
J ~.L-I,
+j-.w,..J~:ilLPf Jrs- dl,.al;.
iL,,

bGl&.)'l
.(")i>&
+
9 L( ~ & J aI L i U
bL*J [WQ]
a
- j WG,
+
~j JI iwY .jrT + j % , . . ~ l A J ~ Y
d L ; r l CLj -
9 Metmm & w I df 9 Gurvitch [&is)
+i c1, &

G. Gurvitch, Sociometry in France and the United States,

&!I
L+
~4
abwI &
Moment b l j l il;U&

(1949) P. 2 , Quated in: I. Morino el al, (ed) the Sociometry Reader. P. IX.
E. Burgess, biometry, VI (1943) P. 223. Quated in: Ibid.. P. IX.
t.
-

(vT)

(vv)
H. Von Weise. Sociometry in France and the United States, PA]
P. 214. Quated in: Ibid. P. IX.
Ibid., P. X. (V')
 &
; d l a&Y,.Il j ' ~ J Y 4 ~ + > ~ , - l l @ L dIcI",
+ ';I^z~+,.i iiK j &Wl Jj + L Y l +k &>\
&I +Jl, '+i"y,-Jl ++I :&MI+&I J,4 aL.
.
Y, i
G\~YI h, Psychodrama LIJr,&...!IJ '> U I
UU16j.F, ;&I 3IcUI Glklj &MIjr*JI o h

6.21 &WI, D,MI L->+ L U l Cohesion L L i &k3.I.&&

6.21 d*il &LI& ~ L k r Y l +yJI
j abUI ;c! rp! d I &%
,'+ d/ (4
- .4.(i~.,+ ; .+I 'j.. LUl i$
'j..,
2 b > 'eu l ;&I a b U l 2 - b >+ > p & >\ L L d j I
.(")by 'j.. >
+., dl (awl) d~hfil
+!I d +>yy &,.L>yl l&+
dl+
&2>kll *YI GI
.*I ;~SI+YI, +
C ~ Y I ;c! *L,LYUSI j
+ df 6 J&I il-(l 'it-! L J+II &+
+i"y,-ll, 'l&L p ;lSl+Yl +N!, '&Ail1 p *Yl
L l i y '&L j k p \ & i + J S G + d l & 'kS,.@
~JIL, 'i.~,& ,I ji;I 3 O>+ ~ I Y +
I rG
+9y4\
d p CG! a* +>q9J1
$> \ ; I *I G\$yI
G
d
, +;%,A6 .i& klb-p Y dl '4;lblrrb 4;& 2 d

I*' ijdk i ;i ~+ + &, JM 'j.. + CL, 'uld@

+ F-.,
+I, ii &!I
I
L+ &+I
I
cub
.(A')+J$!~ G\$Yl '&9yyF-
L j4 & cL+YI
rJJ1 j L -,.LJ~ &4 -cL+YI ,&y Y I &-Dl -& Y
,
j ..++ 6- & &MI 31 +>+I ;lSl+Yl> '+L+Yl
4 3 ~ 4 >@I, .~ 9 y d 91l ' > b y 1 > b y 1

Ibid., PP. X - X1.

Ibid., P. XII.
Y 4it: 3
, diy- *p dLL Ck;: +J",+uJI I+,
I b, I - . d ,A u 'lp4 & p W I $dl &
L-d+f i$ dp + - I 1411-b & LJ+I 2, &, .L+,
iJL ;bJl 0.b SI$ & & JAl 3 dl % .iJ,&b
'jk dr &3 .&I lCIjW 31 (Ltfji
' s ~ iJL,
f bi* Fji
+-J,.JI tGJI 3 Index $;jr )UI, u J W 1 j. u,&l 0-b

6 A, .mjqu d~ a1 '++&A, + ~ Y I ,
kii 'iLu ,I &j
-t ;r MI, ++JI 2 +,&I

>GXI j
l
.
9 12111dlj b 31 >jy ddj. --(*I
Experimental Method and science of society. : ?k.S ipk, c&,.JI
Ibid., PP. XXI - X111.
LLL S~2t L

j
*

A,
-

&+I
321,
.

- a 4%

W
j

al;y14

.-;
j ar
;

tjY.9 &1;I,

dsw + l A I
31
LLIliS
+
l j.i?lr &
~ l dj ,,-

C\

& Y,
,+
.-L

;?,ie: d l

ciL;ll j

. ..?, ya ir pt

& SP i.(i%Y~

I
b+

qf &A

3' a L U L
.
,&

i.~b jr

&I>

6
LLISJ;IJ GXJI j
& GliJI d i W l L ~ SCIJ,
Jr

0-L

Ab cJK
,+..dfU1;L'j

AjYI

- r.i;;41
.l+%-%
&.;
& +I
. ( A r ) ~ ~jrr 41

Sociogentic Law
& Y,
~ l d l

jr s j W I

Sublimation .%?I
'kliL
J
aGWI j

.+&I

- &I
.dlk; j l+g d I
j c'b A +!Jil
,+-

,I

3, .+

I.&!\ & d l 4 U I j d L Y I
5 L j y l LL a1.1~1 4
L
+ G Y I 31 i+
G
315

31
'i4+Lii~
AWI
,I>YI
.+$L
.Order ~Uhijr

641

S
J

~ &if, ~

j
.
J

++II
i.1~1~1 t.L.013 &
L ~,s,L+

yi CUhi

irg j
+
;I

i,I
.
~ Yj
21

ay
.
by& dl 1&I;,

j k, ~ MI~ j LCI;

3>li1
j
.

AJY

l Ar L

alS13yl
-&I

,~.va&
&-+,I
19w+,A
.~$++II
Y
,
J,

SI~YI
at: it:

J,

Individualization
I a& JI
lircY~
iyiat

$,
2

'lp~
&

-
r.> 31 1-it: &+ +>ypJ
I

.'-4
!, 4 1 W. @I
'&I ~9&* j . &* 'k j V l & &% .I31
'+. +I'.
- d la U I 'kLP"*j!d, .&J-eCCCiLL'&fj.,&,
L+Y* bliyl 0-L fh$
. $ U l ,+%U jr +WI bliyl J,,
. +J LA j &h3 r X ) U L r j ~ 4+h
I (AJY)23
J1 e- jJl cliG3A U I G%L &- ,d L J + o+ j
u 1 h X I Traumatic L > U l Jy91 & LA) &- .bj,g
>
;%
,1
I a- &I &.A1 j A iql
Ll'+ f VW, .&I
I I L A . cli -b j c%6 JJAI, ,&MI, .>UI Jl
.bI>l ail;u+) d L L q IiL lie )
, .& ayf h+ j
.-
rJ.1 J+
~1 + d p +i$+
j i- LUI
u J r + ~ J Y J+,
3 1-4 L'+ i,,~ J+ jf,
GI j ' &+yI -
, (**)(jLjJI, ;GI O
- -

Ibid., PP. 3 - 5 .
Ibid., P. 7.
adequate G x l l ;&I. tr,dI 4 +d i,;Lilrl Gti
i&rl&l;+ 4, .;&I 3 ;+a i;J+ p+
LC%, . d d &r% 4 4 >JZ df .& Y & .i,;U
. , I .& Y & bi,;Lilrll i&+I& di.5 4
pI$k @Xr J & cj J &.& Y, td%, LA\) j i g W l Ju;,
.("")i+L;rYl, QWl Conserves a l L A 4 , I+& dl
JljYl ?+'?'I a Y G 3 iLL &f j ~ t 4 Y ;
lk
~ ;>
I,+ .&i?~hs - LJ ~ + Y I , $MA[,
,I & ~ s& .~+I+YI
;:s $e~ + YP-
I JL .d++ kt r;,
I)W
Ju14~jLr:
9
k act afMI
~ci: e+Yb
S .A%,
. .jJ d l i J U l
I I . readiness iJ>Ulf, M-Ji4
J k J l jLs'
.("")jWI Ld,& *>,a *-
L dA, +!+'?'I

Quated in: Ibid., P. 719.

Ibid., P. 8.
Ibid.. P. 10.
Ibid.. P. 14.
 @
L. 9 Q b Y I j
,+Id!, JUI,
&I Jy
b ~ U&
*-
I - LPJ ( * ) r & U h ~
&.ill f 4 L i

41, b q u l J 6&'ldJIJ &IJ ,b d!1 J!~ y 1. , J J L b J J u l J

J! b'.Jr 4 wb L 4 d, . . .&I+!,
31 Jf
J! Einfuhlung iPci 4, .&!+!I 3 6- & SU@
j
. 9+ &I reversal @ -
d
i Zweifuhlung
3 did &j 'JI~JW &&I, Transference &&
.I df
t&M1lJ I JJL;U ihl &?i( 'LtI ' ~ J JsI
+, .cqv)~u~
+I ,I U . Jr, ~J+~LA t p ~ ' 4 ~ ~ 1 ;
d,& dl 3 9J+ &I c w #I +YI 3G
, dl &Ul
.""&I J+l j J U I &&,I &&I
aLL;JI) $ A J AS~ t & U ) &I Counter Part + ! I L!
36- + L L 0bU1, JIj Y I +- LYLI .LA(*Wele
kSjUI d+\, &l+!, b a b u l JJG, c d U I &k;ll
~y +Ul <JI 56- 44, .tLL;JI, J dU;_(
6 9 1ch,?~J
'Faith healing 3 k Y l i > h
% &.b &..&I &
, @I

J1 b~ @J 3 01 + y J+J Begegnung jUYl wi (*)

d-d .&A+ nencontre iclS cj; L 2 U +- +>I, +&YI
. encounter J1 <&Y& bpP
Ibid., P. 15.
Cf. Ibid., P. 15.
(q*)
Ibid., P. 16,

.&;*& J &> + 2 $.dl &I +Lu. U (*)

 $y U; & +
I- df I& d k l l ,I &&I Xi .&I
'y dL- +bYl s r y g z l l i . .&+I &-'y $1 LL-JI
I I , b+l+I 4 .+u>t,t *-J,
+ #&ID k .@ @t e, /"Vl 'yq,Iy
.('y)q~*+3~
i.,CL!, &&I 'b-1 + ++y + b l
;jJll y1 0 b w I i.lbj +*sr & kJy
l L IyJJjI Jj rL_&l rl& dlS lib .Social atom ( + b y 1

>+
w2r4LUVI d~ ,-YI ++ A +I
&Ij .. .
ijJIJ "34-1 Jt. Z- L- d l pI&lI -4 jyhI iiwI
1 I 2j I + & b 4 j . j 4Ef elb i,li cils
J j . C. o-LI6Jl i;u. Jj j*! -2 ++)'I
s
&A
~ L l ~ d l 'y d f l # & j J I 4911 &u 'y 641 'y $2

$1 f-41& .(\v);iy 'y ~ 4 4 c&

1 k ~t i,;%r~~
dl @I +j+, d j & Y I 'y +LlI d l i+N
. iYbX11 f, @I3 ?&I . , 1$ d + b Y I 645 .+ >j
Jy
J c V l $! Common Denominator cd$l CMIDd
-,
~ t~. U I'y 4 4;t p ,+VI J> (i,,kl CrJ
.>Qll
,y GL_&I d,Jl 'y ++YI ~1,Jl bp ; 'y,
ex- +>*, i5 + b y 1 ;,Jl b& + JA .&I, +Vl +
& -(W &G 'd21 3 611jVl ;r. d k istentid category
.J$JII.> Jj;;;'b\& Y &+&,,dl

b i d . , P. 17. 0 y,
b i d . , P. 53.

Y YY
 : u,! Jyf2% +
,I @ $,.A1 - &I y.p;ll 'ju3

&I :&EJ b+&Jl awk (GJI) 6%1

o1-+, ,4Y6 dl$ ;1? iJ2L;II aLiWI, && JM +I
3 p &I k*I alJL;II ,?A, :WE, .2I . . . + W I
+,I +by!, + J ~ ~ Y I , ++I aIJL+I\S LL+I 6j
6Jl +J+Yl 641 p 4 kl,]! o h jf +, .+kJl,
J 2 -J .+I W ,o ~ s l J i er!j f , ~ ~JG, y
,I LI:, + -+, t-d; L &I - alJL;Il CJ j$- jf .& Y 4f;

L @ 04.i I f a I ;1? , pi f ,.Is,

.(")net works r i + b Y I ;1vkn L._,._.
-91 ~ J ++yy
Y j -LYI +&I aL&yI 3,
tiuln & j
;;!4 Role t j j - d l l &-l&.+
dl i+&I, CiJUl
i
&:"
l &dl
pllk I&+,
ego
~

c*y&) -:
J &- J ,
3 GJJ+I,f&
t LA1crj+li
L.;
I+
,.
J

2 4
[SIJ~),

pll Y
3 GJ+ 2
-
bJJ-dl

J,-dk LI+ L lip .QlL j && &I J~J~p

Y~ kalJl)
1- 4 di jJj i i i ~~ $
1 +
4~ j k f l y
&I aL&I
&rj' U L L . U ~f , ~ IaalUIaJ
, a&&.9~1
iLS +-,-dl .cJ,-dln Q L&, &-2L+lI 2 4 6
3 s- aid! & ,o!U\ 3 y JI,~Y~ . & I d \
iQI p yis p 3jy Ja 4 J+I ihh: ~ ( A,5 .('o)J~,~Y~
Ibid., PP. 52 - 3.
Ibid.. P.P.80 - 1.
 ' '
-GJ .uJ u I I F-4, L' A+, 6Jl,avl
aJIJaYl 'IAN 9 t.+ + LMI &A\ I-L &
ly, , s lh >JY &G
. d! d$-JI JS b I& playing
b lib 'elan vital aL&I GJJIBJ aj%I J&dJ~ i&.$vl
I ~ 6I&I $dl & 4 A J k b ! J a & J ! d! d>&>$!
&I*! '

$J SI~UI&J+ + kt & LI,~@I J!

@A b
.,L~Y &I I-b j p c,kelll & &I & k J I J!
+$ +-ji tLl + 6 2 qj ji;!t jiJ j U l b b , ,+i
.*wt-LL i j
>"I ; ~ .+
r ajL9 ijLI 3 act;
crjl & &pypJl & +t &UI ~ U9, I L%I,

.b;.
; @J 4iy&1 j uisd iki: jr: L a! +
bj ti, bj~pi! $ 49 k! ,1- cwIj
j +I$\ 6-b &+y&I a*, -LkJ aaL&J8 $&
,('")$LlIJ 'd&I, 'pLLI?) '{WI >jy bUlj

Ibid.. PP. 85 - 6. (fl)

1. Nehnavajsa, ~SociometryDecades of Growth in Moreno et al.. Op. Cit., PP. (fV)

707 - 8.
Quated in Ibid., P. 709. (fA)
a w l y JAk k%&l Jjj ,4f .;
j ;
!I&+,
c d U k, - J u l IL &, .>ljYI a- +by1
?J.G dr Qi;;!Y ~ L Y bI ~. - , I L Y L ~ ' X+,L-+I
I 2 L + j. ,441 J u I I L J! i s p Y ~ a Y u l
J, > I a l l , .iiiY q L l pL
++y&l Lf . L J J I I J,+ icirl b l i l @$,+.+I
. q u l e641 & &-A!alb\fly &kJ fe
bL >lj?! 9 ++y&\
c>Gl~ blfly GF d l +,$ >fJ
Jt ;
;!awl J j jiil, ,++&I yl,b +w +:
Ibid.. PP. 724 - 5 .
(ff)
 . eb,.Il
+.& i &
, j r*iill *ls)II JLbk & d*. Ji
j
+ M LO vCY L+U AjYl 'IL jwYI jbY
J+YI >
A
,- a8&D +-'
41 ~ I S +? ~ j - +I
I- ~
L- d l )1J!, .i.bwI &&L &)dl (*)e
j$l jf distribution
O $ Jd
I d l *ls)I! jbi s k >I)~I d k b l dbQjY1 -.
i.L;lkci aY.$AI L4Jk d l *ljJI j$ j f JG &g
I b 5 , 1 G j I $CJ .+&
a 4, .('"'l,d d j l l ;+dl p,ljJI 'y ikjL GyU
w l 0 L

3 u db- &, . u ~ W ;>b ~ D L 8 ++yy-JI

.~ $ 1 dfi- jf & d W I JI 0 3 3
*GI j L. A U - I
L
; C9J
JG >j j 41
jj! j
!, ' 6 9 ~ .I%YI
1 il;~
~ J s ~ I J & ~ ~ ~ + d , ~ .*MI
l ~ 5 I
.@b*c ac13y+ r +,JI fllj~li. b f l ~

a%&L!!, + G I i.bCjdl jb p cs9yLYXJI g,

J& Y 4 . & W I MI 2y 'y 4 Ly '+L+YI
'jUICri"- c'a 6 9 & 'd-I 9 'A'& Ltljdk
i.Ijb)11 o b &I> 3, .jb)1I $+ &dl 9 dw
d d b . k j L &, @ &I + b Y I JJL+
$' -!I1 jLb)Il j GI. 41 A, A cl-I ;L
,I +I I L JG +Ul aY$dl,+ IiU +-A &dl ob, 9,
3 6 A &yI &I QL dl !&%IJ
dF- Y ~dil!,
+f) jby d&YI 5 9 4 1 cf 'Yl;LI +&k , &IJr +d
&YI +I . . . & C-;, $ @ (&Uqrc+-Il
,I L4Jj-U iL.lLi

&I &&jli;..YI ej@ distribution 2 &-Y &zs/ (*)

.&MI el% &,J,&+Yl d l 3 A&& &iy 'j &I;,,
Morceno, Op. Cit., PP. 19 - 20. (\'*I
L. 9 J,Yi .&+.il bIJryl 'y &a rlb dt %j,A d ~ ~ t
++j kYLsl, il&l d l A ~sl; ,ij .@.I j 4~
irJ> +'L LA &+I LkiJl, >jLtll ~ l j Y ;lE: $9 .'&

+ I 1 6- +31
-+u k;ll Gi .;lr

+ib+- L+.A ;@-I hi 9

dill df LQ dill &+ i2*.
+I> + & k y >W .13?'l kLdJ &@.I 2% . > I ~ Y I
!+
bb13'$
u .L+.A t G?t rI$;
,b! ,& j J W is,*. d,& *i
'y S
,f+* & ~J.Z
dill 9Y~.i LC; j
+, . L ~i ~ bI ?t; *i &+I -*,.JI IL iW.1 hi,
.JUI L& 4jaYpJl b U l dL.2 ,y & ou ~ ~ $ 1

~ o ccit.
. (\v
 '.+ jilj, .13y1
g, Jr

bb

Js&
,&
o

+L

J1
h

LrX.
';I~~I

F*
G

ySlZ Y ir a*
>l)Yl d

-J

> l j Y l + jL>I J% ,

;J. &-bLj 31 cJIC1;

L K &-d,

Ibid.. PP. 20

&& J! d+
Jtti
&dl

Ibid.. P. 730.

L I , > ~ I ji

I!+
= >l&
A,

j
&UL
L
3
;i

p 3i41s c r . ~. sc;
~ ~ r ~+IL

db a k l

&-dl i G I hi jl
~ 3 ~,+dl
>
2 ++I3
41
i

I&,

4 &I ;J.
2

w3k 2

6 dp i.lb13yl
+ u*;;; &-dlYb,I.

A,

-
rijc
(*)LIj>@I

I.
j>f

,y GLJYI & l i W I Jl+

&
bYI
L>,I+,JI
&"A

ui
s

bi, $9-1;.

-f_,

dl JIJ>YI $i &

>I>>
"- y 4
.a29,

dl+ J! i W j
I
1r;llr+y.i .&dl Jr

.+!+!I L

I L L , ,lpL; J,L JI G Y ! ,
i+&;kL- Jl 314 L.+ dIS rljr?U lS& JlL GLSf .GJl+I

> @WI Jd
ik;

3 Jl t~i:

.L&L Lu, . j & l l

&L JI

JI,l+.i

j ilaYI
L

Gf ' d,+Yl
Jd dl d-s;j

GIfl'?

.L,y s& Y
a &+I
6

.sf_,
I
+%
;A

+>y+
,

.i d l +I
j

iP; 4L.t L>,I+,J?,

3 ,+YI
;@I &U
2 y-
;
$1

,+Jl
(y >J
>+
ub (\.r),i>Jq~,

>Ij
I

~ I ~k

+&YI
y;
4j

- " ' " v LLdS*!r;tJ.ls

$Jr
+ + y ~ ~
.*
i+LYIi+Jb

y ~ 4 ,+.~LI,
+
>l)Yl by> 4ui

l j WUI

&Sill
,l>Yl
>/ ~

LI,J&I
y l + U L aJ+lIl
~kpr,

Y
L 3 y oJbj

CiiIJl

&
'j
>ljYl
.;&I,

(\*V
(*)
j

L I
 .a d9 3- JI . G,L\ + 3 d+yl +,Ul =

JI,>YI 9JJ . % +l+)rls 8 jijti SLu' &,A

JJ> 9 b 4 &w >lJl

e Jhll 3 4 (b
OJJ>

~ <- ~ ~ h i ! , ~ ~ l r : ~ ~ , t ~ l ~
.~ I J >
;?. wl LIJdI 'bJ/iiJ flJ : dJ1i
t * \ - 1 . . / bi2;L.
Ibid., PP. 21 - 2. (\ f )
~1>+1, elJbl ? XJuI & & LIJd
dl+j. Jl+ $+A '4; $ L lip .&I +
f1Yw9-' I l+A GI, fyJ Ja w l &+J
' .GL;YI OLWI
+&?I ~ I ~ JI~ ,+ Yj . i jI~ . ijyJ f~ LL+Ui ~9 ,+
aIJul f 1
4, . b u I .by w l J
>J5
j C jJI . a L W $31 t+l l+..o2 +L;rYI
9 1 j. b 1 ~ 1 &IJdl9 (''O)d$ -K is
>jU >J-G jc C S L U I Cy,I o L &
j .+&YI,
db., isolate J p l I 241 4L.p 6 & klb i>bU dl
l l k &%a
id1abL+I d
i 1a w l o h Cr;b JL star (@I)
J& &dl community &I @I & rJ1 ++I
.++YI +I a\l3 i
s,&
+ j.

+ 9 , socionamy bj,99-J4 y-?l 9 3.L: j-; j. k j

I

a b l j J I :'p p j Z% 4 3 &dl '++Yl ,l&I$l)

;c-! LJ a b u l oCLj-r + 2, sociodynamics +&YI
LCJ '+r;;pJI
L &&i + ++YI C S U l &ff, 'abul

d/-ll& - I )sociatry j j k 9 - J I ipd, Socius &

~ l kJ +
.I 9

N. Timasheff, Sociological theory, its Natene and Growth, P. 215. (\"9

 +4 ti",+,-Jl, '& b y 1 pJI + 9, (psychiatry
socious *&I &L;~YII ' O*
9 & 6 &I t b Y I
.( \ '')quantified
J* F '&I I+, & i4-k i.p + * d l $,
+& GP i+Yl
Ij C+Wl, +&I
#
& j)L '$,,A

I,b.dll, #+IB & &%I & $1 &dl p

' j
.0 2 2 &>

J! &I j u l @I IL J-L j b l d l &

, 'explanation

, ; k ,--.+I Jk j &I Ji +)dl 3, ' + J l

j
. +-
u! ~ U sI y &,+ ~ 4 4 {LC,
1 .(\-v)+i",+~~

,i ui,,21
*;s jt I
,
& Y, &I ;
,i,
j ~ U 4I . 5 uu2 c,&~
zjd l /&I dlr t b l +j O+ dL;YI, L,+A., ,&
41 ji ,+ .
&p ii?-+ - 4 6 r+- .", 60,~,>i
*24
1& L J L W I , dL;)'l dyJ+ IJIj b t b Y l ,
jLC
&>& [, &L$l, id1 '& & ~ 4F .c~LiLI
iy VJ, r &dl +JI &I L\ '++I aLUl bJJl
+
.o
u ++I j Lu LIJu dji ( > l j Y ~ LI,*II ;.Lc+J
$k!d i i J k LUI & &$ ($dl ($iydI &I & &b
+, ',(+% -S,L -&LB dj+. LI* &-La J
Y, .@I c ~ j -
i y~ > F A & *&GIj- j. ~ s
&Id' j
.di"", jL;y &Jl y-dji &+I izu
,I (91+ d l aLUI j
.ic*, 3f ab+ & A+ jf
p L.+; J= i u jji q~ ~1 - 4 4 1
G, ( G&L &MI k w . U-A, -A - (&MI L ~ D
4, '&!&I ;p k k &f 'N+B d;Y als;.lul k*,
- - -

Moreno. Op. Cit., P. 127. ('*I)

Ibid.. P. 128. ('@"I
 d i l l JJY\ +I ,I- I ~ L WD+.,&I JL
& d l ;C! +-d l 9, &dl .LA& Cp!
1
action
L%Yl JS 4 J+I +u .&dl, A+l&v, '&Ul,
a- &L + dl J;I Y & U I +>> ;: .&dl + p
i .- .&I u @J, ' I I - A, .L%I
((~+III hb 'PLJI, al54 &I ~ ~ d 4k j
1 ( ( & ~ Idl5
. I L
$1 2 J-U (("ihL'l,++I, .fL+l, al5# ( ( i L % l l dt.2 j
.
((&Ull) &I JL & U l )W &&Yl Z&~Lh;ll ab,p.LI & fly
. ( ' ' ''warming up ((4r1
9 ,PJ+YI, '~ U l actional
f

abWl >, '&Ul > Ly dl elAl, a b W l &A,

d%s& &I ++I a L a l & il6rU y$ dl '& dill
f, jLYl & L+ &Ul &L b&+
Id, .&UI &v encounter j $1 Y dill c k Y I
imminent &&I ++I, secret+\ ,y ++I ckYI jLYl
~~y e- . Y, f d l&I41 &\ j&j j +p+I dY>,
dl, I jI d 1 - I . & '+..A I&
$I.L Ljw 'ii;+
.(".)j~ I- J & ~ iJ! I++-

Ibid., PP. 129 - 130.

Ibid., P. 130.
Loc. Cit.
G . Gurvitch. La VocaHoo actuek de la sociologie, P. 248. (\ \ \)

Y'Y' f
 & :+j ( \ f Y f ) bFWJ ,& Ljf '>A3c ~ x ( \ \ Y )
.fV
G . Gurvitch, Op. Cit., P. 8. (\\f)
Ibid.. PP. 246 - 7. (\ \ f )
Ibid., P. 268. (\ \el
C. U v i - Strauss, Structural Anthropology, P. 290. (\\I)
'y &-+ ?,+ jr & Ji u & d j l 1 aL&+ll 0i.h at ~1
j k Y I Jl > W l + L, . F Y I d y j ,J%YI
6-141 a-\ +Iy 'y ti 9 El aldl
'y
-, +I ?$ j j +%I ,I +%I i.5 Jl
L a j J~~
6 1J1 t i l i J J ~ 1k-41 hliL1I JJj .-&>I
- 3 . 2 ~ ~ jJI i;CJldI >LyyI Jj j-i! &a-2 jr
.<. ; .<. ;

+$ fb yT jCbi
! 4 ybi$Y!
. - j + bf!3y&!J
4 Y bdkY!pf j i h l j isgJ
c--~j>
'y A
,, .++yyJl 0LUI 'y $34 i;LYI +
, +I*
Lb sWLt. JV! Jj b+y&I + dUI ~ Y JJdI I
I L vj Ulb validity 4-L,uJ &&I JL;iYI reliability a&JL
#I Li, .("")cj + A3JI +-i t >L;iYI
C J L I ~ J Jil
Ii 31 b b j ++y+-1l d&lI & dAI
w, 6 s && Jl u- &+IJ

.&z;t
>;?ir &+ jJI AWl JI I L . ~ J ~ , 4jJJn 6 ~ 2
L+Lj iJL ++ aYJk &&
, +&.I1 &C.+
3 &%JI &I$! ili j- d l b ~@W& l
j U B , a w l , +&.I1 ;r k34
LlJd LA& $L, ;r 'y &, +;sypIl &dl j t
Lli+ f9 $ q l &k L.J &/=YI ab%!I
>> ,I LJ b u abw
a L I J J J l jr b ,+&b i&G9?&> &Ip 'y &
+ 4 W I
&I +J
l&l% &, * IL JL Jl '&I, .dl ad 3
rii' ai '& Y ;
, &,li & +
I- af, 'l+-+
al,2f, ~4
@ dI , +>LA1+.>LJl (Li-l>y- LZj Jl, I+,+ +I
r-I +&A,k,+ d ~&i ~J+JI jL'b Lp
.+.I ;EY i+s ,i GF- +JI &-'AX-~YII-L. (cp,i
f& - j. & us +,I @- b -+G e-3 -9,
~~ & ldy b l i b .+ &
lj% cj391 d-I p 1% ‘a13391j

,-,+ .j L Y I 3 >dl I L JF &% & L)i &+YI

S L Y 1 ipU1 -j <,I 0 sJ JF a&
6j M , . C , L+~, LUI & ZSJI LC, '++YI,
J '+I J& J! a+- Y ,pi J! Lr!IL 4-1
j-3L;Yn &j 35 JW-P, '+JY.+Y13 U l J! a&-
J-? &%\ 9, . +\&hJ+ 35 jyj n)Wl rlj! -e l
LLGI &L,;LI ( r g a~s 4~ &iJ, .+ +I JL 3
* '
u-l ,*, -J3+Y1
+
+I>+, 1- 4L;Y
di d-5 1
L2 L v a ~ , .+@I &%I A
, LL! $1 + j.
& L y l iflllill uL+l ,y 1""" 35 J 2 p U l a+
I - Y I+ , 'pi.a,
-4 J! & L;!i ,+L+YI,
L l,+&i L+- > 2 L &!I i+ldl a L l > Y b <,I j.L& 9! &
+J3+Yl:, + J i J l j,fJI h 35 rlj, 3 +
o LI
iJI, .+l+lI
a I J 2 b JF j G Y I & 9, .+I
i ,i &I '~ L L - Y 3
I I,+
d, I I a&! 419 JS '+I d L ,i
&I cJJ &lr;yl +Ul y~ >\+I-4 J! t~l,L~l
I I J i ,
' d l r 1 4 i S J L ,I 'al&l j'pdl5
I , jI 9 ,b~;!,i IS ,+I
d+ul +J> j
!j G Y l &JY jc i I J d i+ J!
@ 1 1 d ' I 3 ' I , a 'a,*.i;l
A &dl+I Jr ++$I X.k.4 p di -31 IL Jr,
LI &in;;
dl dl JJI, . + L y I ?+I j & di>
h +.+I f,u~ +LJI,, ++I 3 p ~,i141
 P. S-.
J. The probkm of Method, P. 61. ('1
a&& j . iik..lI- aLIJI]I -LP MOO= r~y&A3)dl + d l 3( 7 )
++I yl;31 r_+?YI ,,-lJ iS;yYI +I31 & +I Ai +41,&I1
1 7 A,~ &I+ uiy, r _ b Y I ,lb + ;r kl; I i r d& '+(l;ij
Cf. J . Williams, *Metho- \ 1 7 f +j j j +l.tl\+\~j;l,
dology and sociology in Recent sociology, edited by, H. Deitzel. P. 8.
 Lwq &,I!.,
&>Ul alJ,dl, JGYl AJL
pa, ,+lJ-P;i .$I & 53UI Lj4146, 6 j L I fr; 'k
3- .&>Ul &A 3 j'+E f l ~JIL;K &-&>Ul ++
I,

&,!Ili L U I iil j y-L fr; & 2 U I

4 s Js IL
,+IJ-- +
,4 p +li .b*, L->LJl, &JI, jXiYl,
j
+ &,+ +* d+I Id!+
.,I $1 r . . .pjGfj
aLI,JJ +Jl , !?*I .b+ M I lib%, L&YI ,414 > s
/LYD 4;t J!l,i - 4)+i JIF & , > d l
j 03% 1.b j A J L
i r s ah% j I+& 3f 3 r p > & EL?I j &+L.L!
3 & &j
z%l d, b+>lJl 3 b ab% tjfi

*I . L a EL?l aG% &.S l d~, +>UI plj J+

&jb & & & &dl &&I &LY13 b e G > G y I

L+j &I j.i r s JCIb ski, L + b J

+UI, b i . + b Y l iLJJ i W I irJsl~+>UI iQI E ~ + j +I
p>,lf rp+?, +. 9 $1 8, & . a ! ,
rJ&Jl .;15- LYU,
j .w, +-@I 9
. . . z w l EL?l ah% y pd +>Ul +YI &>JU
j
.u + ,&J JCI .ab;WI .L +,
*,
j
&>Le=iYI & L Y l dl+ .J4j.G I+
. + b y 1 iJ$l j
+%I >, .+t 'L'UI ~ JIjCli f, j C l ~G+
WI i ; J+
&Ul J h l j?, j& 3f a Y h l 0.b JL. LIJJ j
3 3 3 I .py & > G Y I L,+Jl ,I
,I '&.+dI ,I r +UI I I JCYI kb~ Jshll yWI
+I F-
dl -J~+YI J C E I +-4, r+.hl, .MI
 I

.Jw& &dl e,dI >Jul I& 3

1,bw
Y b d 2 o&- & >A1& ,&dl b 4 &y
&yflI J! 'b3Jr;" j
. U uj & ,&at
iQI . b ~ h &I
j ; ~ IL A .+
Y , I L3 d l
d b G 3 b c L p 641 h +ldl e,dI j.9 ,L>UI
.(r),cLYl
LjfLC & +.Jm :(&@I dU0 j A J L JcL;_(
8, a
b i b \ , b6\Jv2 Ob\>G d L y ! >&I @
"
6 b&uI 03- ~ L ~ J@
I 4 # JS $-bbLyl
T ' I e J- ,+ ~ Y I6 b j
, ,+ L ~ ~ Y I
Ye2U1 cLyl +
, I& j *lb +
, 'pJ1 ,+y1 dt
d. ,&

~l;r, , ;LWI + >GIb13-K + 4 ;AUI J ~ ~ i

11 y ,+'b $>$I 3 &ld!
b &li
pr~ b ?,d l &I &I> j &Ib l i 9 G+ 3
LG~I
J%l ++ JI 43;
JS %dl J%l dlJ ,A+
~ $ 1 j
cl;; p f l ~ )MI da , U ~ I
j MI >LS;iflI AIL u , . Q ~ a6Jfl1
I &
&ti li &hi'?l @I dK V W I >GYI +I j s j . W I
>GI&Kj +>> &K d l +jlflJd\ JS i
. (:),i+ A +I iddl i&
&d l\ -
,yIF--. p&l i,,, &dl
YI~I*JI J& .A J L
j J(i+UI 1-0 JS ejbj
.+I j ij+ ~ K A
i,iiZ~ ,F~IYI,I*JI u ,+I
35 & is+ WIj iki 6 b . k 21 J C f l l & dg.. $Ij

M m . A Contribution to the Critique of political Economy, PP. 20 - 1 . ('.I

Marl and Engels, Selected Works, Vol. 1. P. 52. (I)
u
..% .+i
(sl +I j. + JX"I s,.+UI+,I
3 e-4 L f~GuI ,d dl 6; dl 3
Y i b ,MI ,I bi+ i-5- JCI GUi j LIT- bt.\, JAG
I I .+hll r;llJI*JI Jlfj! 91 L t i Jci j\;;Z
Y, '+&lid1 i j l l l a L X r y +,& Rapture L&dl y,+ GI
,MYI && +I +,+ GI LA,&+.+ GIj 54 4 1 9
GIFb, ~lih,
,&il GjlyJ4l . 9-bJ
j . (')+&tidl
+ibjLI2+JUj~1,dld,& b&l,~*ld&A+l
l$ G u ! &lJl $, I J L Y I .-
&UI /L
.(")yS,L r,j L Y I &,MI Jj L p &!LI>I
J b;i dI % +rLj J I * @I
~ j l Ul
~b,
+-J~+YI-K L lib .~J,+I G.+ JU A ;&I, t+,+
a 1- 31 $!y!! -3 Jl ~ 2 &b
3 bLp klb
~ & 1 ,I & -\, +.+I -1 1 b&+1 6"' ,$%
d! + .L&L 3 > K i t & iJj5'1, 2&1

e!JJ & ->I be- j 0k

ti& Y + U l aL-JY.+Yl
'&by! j
. LU yJ32 Gw i! ~ L lib . @-IJ
2 j.J"9
Y. +\
g+JI elJ1 cig j iiil, + & Y kji
&dl bJj2 +I a h ! 3 .I+ 4
.1
. j
.j&, &+I
0

4.9 ,*;k, ~JYI

6J+ j r w 44,
+dl +La +lI, plJ1 LLJL j .blj
-J3+f 4 bdAM1 -J3+f p, G J U l GI .iJq1
CMI JG $1' p L W I +I
- - dY +L,ll i>L.#, &ds

Ibid.. P. 53. (O)

b i d . . P. 54. ('1
Mux. A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, P. 22. (")
V. Afanasyev, Marxist philosophy, P. 325.
3I Ui l+! $LA
&s ~~J,JID ?l+L ~qLa,
Order fWl >+ @ d J1yii J , 2IJl ;&+ j i l l *$I
$I;-?\ &dl Q Y L l a & G+dl J1 6 + u \

ijjb, @I 3 &4, .GI JI +*51 sJU .&JY.+Y?,

*G%J
+A1 rWl & ‘&yL
b e Jk- 4; r3L
i$ ~> Rl ~

&J% 4 Y 2lJl r &+ Y -91 1-b d! + .dv,

.+dl Jxt! ,+ J1 tj&6 4 ; 3 b 91
+ JIyYI JS A' LJL L ~+I rk j 1 , k i
+ j dil,
J1- 6jFY& 6 F
I & 6 +'dl rWI jJl+ dl Q ~ A I
J +LS d! Y l,S3-$I j,l+ d l Q L ~ Y I ,j l k i Y ~J
6GL;IYI +J1 3 i>b l+&
(; 3, 6 P L L I rWl jlki
d! sli ,+!,e J W jJ'ijb & JMY~LU +
r r";J ~ L J--D&S.S dl%,JlJ 3 I j l eJl2 LiT;
& &J1 J d I Q>L
dl td3>Al~
i3;rS 6ilaUl
.('.)JUI&

K. Mannheirn. Idiology and Utopla, PP. 49 - 50

Ibid., P. 173.
J j2 dl Y b > I. & 4 & b a s
I f

dl j G Y 1 3 .(")d k9 du! b 9 & b>\jY!

c ~UB,
adequate t.iZYn ,GI 2 ,&dl f ~ (G+Y)
l sjlh;

rwI,%In jlEiYl 9 I+Lb b3 'iJ>L; G y J l&l, LGJI

.&I
j I L G ~ J ~ + Y I , .~c4iJI j3k;l41 jGY!, unreal
l .;>+I 4 6 9 j,iL j 'bj~, hi Y +YI e-w,
21$ 3Jj&j l&l, ~ $ 1 J1 @ 4 dkjdl
2 .LUI 4 1 ~ Ll6i1
~ - j i JI >&I A~WI
@I y bj&f &kf+ Y @ ij$ ki bJY.+Y~
*kjs &I ; ;b 41.J>UI .;La
j ;p. qu ,
dl +-IY.+Yl +JI @ dLL ki b, .&+I,
0-b 4 di j
.\jq bl&lJ bU&> bjGl & j h d l >k\
-Jx+Y! w l 9 a u l k-!l, . $ldbb3 d \ j e y \
GI .L+ 6s + J 2 + Y l d$ b, &I p 1 ,& id$

y? 6% j +WI Cubill Jrh L y d I

s!;i
2lJl fI>P .i&
JU~, &-+I, k j s .;r;. 21, ~p ,.
LI,,
'jui j-?-+ JS dl 1.L &.,d .&I .G I >
j * j
Jtz ,& 4.P; Ijj jGLjl - Gl.AI lA
-LJI wj (b+ JS 3 G b l $ jkr;';
I I i2
I f .$lill f W l +,> (,pG l Z j o
JI~3.;l?lrJI &J + J;i fU"J1 1.L ~ I J bj34
J +
.('y)>flJly JUI tlkIl

;I'J+\> -IJ\ 2 u
-
1 +I 1.b $4 4 $,

Ibid., P. 174.

Ibid., P. PP. 175 - 8.

 9U u l L-49 & $1 ?ulci db ?liL 4
51 &JI ~ U ILI & dY &I ji j W ~~ L U I
,I 5 L3ml $>I 931 c& Jl 91 &j! 3.
+ 31 J dl5
.~l,.Jl Jr JUl, &I a+ 2 +CS; +bj+y3 U I
r L p bd+ 41i';t;; Jry-> d f & Y j J U l dl,+
+3 '+Ul i+u +l+YI aL\kll, UI$I aLLtI
iI.=AI.aYL+CjI Jl +&I CUill + ii; dl .&Y 6UI cjJ1

..&dl 2 &&I ~4 Je l 4 ej3 '+by1

aUli~,+wJ AJ%I 2lJl ipLi i& &dl IL
&j%I & @l& dl L G ~JS - jb>I
j - 'adyln, L jUl'
& b dL. J5
. j j& S ' b l j &;I 31 .& Y &.ill & b Y I ,
- I I o .+ '
k t & b, 'LJJ+
& Wholeness +XIt Cl;xJJ +l;JI ir?J4 CI,JI Jr +IJl
J 'ik,b, J;; Class Stratum i+b +$ dl &dl 2
3 +I 4r; L, L5. Y, &* +
i Y y; 4 Jr Jiuc
@I &I ~ L J o L &G + t", .rUl
Freis- ( ' 3 g r $ l l i h l I.+&YII 6 14
~ ~~9I I I.&l+l
.chwebende Intellegenz

Ibid.. PP. 137 - 8. ('f)

Yoh
I+ 'u & LLLII IL j &L ~ _ c k ;Y,
36 ~ $ 1 ~1 L>Y p- . ~ J IJ~ e> j. ,Lt: L ~KLL
Y, +ri
U Y yf i b u l J1 3931 3f '+j Y ~ b + J l
bA& L W a 4 k y I 3t o& *-& b&,*

Y, . u u l ,+ 2,~- j $1
-
b& Y LIjJI i d i .J L.
J: 'yi & 'jJ $j Y relativism Lj; +f I L j. + - #

31 & Y &A
,. JS 3f Jp;relationism i&b is> &G,., of &
SJ$I L ;
I,,& 4;f $1 '+A 2% A
, & $1
i l i ; L I unprespectivistic LJ+NI QjYl. &Yl $4
&Yl $I I L &l + ~,
'hU +Id1 +I (y

3-t'-1;34 L,;rl$AlI d L j & . U l *I &&-dl

Ibid., P . 24.
Ibid., P. 238
 Y ilul e L jJRoundabout jb +, yj & 91 @$J Y
--4'y&,& & y;, ',yP,& & AJ>l Ji L c+.! dl
.AIJayl 2 &&I &+YI Q j &$I .'I+ 3
+
,I elr: ir;J formula iip r@ Y 3 1 J& 2 54 j? YJ
aIjk;YI .LA A+ yli J M Y , '+Yl J1 LIJI
@ LA$! 1-b & Jb 3, .&&I tJ&l
& XJAl W I &/kJJ
.. ~ J ~ A I > J - ~
A I&, .('')AI?lljSr l k l w dl I
;. dlJ
A- chu
J5 6 2 6dl detached 3pAI J,hl. &j13 ; . r ~++$I &d3f

dl & Y J+ C6+Yl d\j@1 &!I $A\ cjfbSL\

'd*L Lk Y &dl &&I A
,, &I 'y 91
kJwy
I++ 41 bbj;Jl~d l & ;,A4 j
,
> ;
;
. +J,
. +I

2 ~ j3 .4
- 19 ';kj vbL JIy+& d l #I I L dl 9
llb 'Ul$ j@l 9 1 , t@$J j 3.91 $YI & i;elkr +-
'&I *I (4 '+I 'y 3ffi1 j L-
aLb 9- dK

[bid.. PP. 268 - 270.

J. Hutcheon uobjectivity and the problem of sociology in saciology and social re.(\ V)
search, Vol. 54. (1970) No. 2 P. IC. .
K. Popper, The Open Society and its Enemies, Vol. 2 P. 216. ('A)
$ ++$I L,L d G 1 ,GI d
O j 'y +-
$'J + LjlpYl
j# Jy l+L$ j p l l I L J L f &I A, . y L Y I ?&I

y
J. d d u ; > ~ >GYP
dr
3 J
~
I
;I,.
I
,+, ,
C-.+Y~
f I
,..I= A,
t-.+YI ,..I=
631 &I JMI cJL; 'y 'Y~I;
j
.I ~ J&I J! +b j
iJ3& dl Y && && t b Y I .++$I
b j b ; - iYt ++$I j
. O ~ J ,

.,+dl, -41 j +-
IJ >I &I, &-41; p
?>3 L& ~ $ 1 + J l jLYl, ;ILL1 +-&yl &+Li
G U I $I+!l &-. ,WY!, L U l a l J j j Ili;YI 3 +UI
d U I UL\ I+=.+ &k -.I3+\ +I tL d 2
2 W I d$&>l>l GYP @j b ~ ,.@I

@' + $,;I

-
c+J&JI +,$!I +)dl j dJ+ Y qJ&
,, L;zlbi>l
JI +*LI aIj&l iJ e-b Onhodox qpYI GjUI
@I 3 Li& d i l l arJ.kll & W I F L 1 '& 4 "ii
dl ~j-Iljc 3 j jr i.IJdL d J b oJ GJJI d L \ > I
j State Socialism +dl iJI$l e,. u ~ j
I +*Ll q&f>l
+&YI OI,&I j
. is 3f N+~;LI,UI IL 6 8 L
.\, jj

d
&
l.- @I I L j
,
& j -ii +UI, +-.+Yl,
GltlI ~ $ 1 +l+ 3j kJuX;II, +I -.
ju .
uJW is;-$9 LrJ.klI
e .UI ' j &I - - S-JI + +- U
,;I ,LJI IL &
,GYI jg; J1 t?ik; ,lb! j+dl aliJl cJ aI L;j i b
+I J! tj.~ 1 i++L J ~ J ~
IJ 3 X ; 'aLJdlJ
r'sk;3
4 6~ i j ~ J + L +I$ J%4 +I wi, . JJKYI
*A i G 4 l Ll;q~ -: b & l U b - 631
o ~ L i iy
',SUB L i,~eyT A &,J~X;II-&I +I dl IL
&U +Jl +dl d j b b L Jl 9
1ij &L NQI
 &$I k3> Jj IL ~1
A, .+.I1
p I I CJG +
.+I J A ~ W t b Y 1 (L bLJ! j Lp+, iL'lbll +lj#
i&l+Yl c
.$ b lil )'$ d1 s$ Js d t p Y l dt ,+,
+kJl j iJSWl -JY-4fll I+!,J,L L G Y L I +lj&I
& 6- 4L1jl ak+ll j I L LJ* Y, .a1 '+dl
t b e~
L+ ilJJl ~ I + I &A
j L1'-
?-I&4 i-
df b +bJ & J l i j y ! , JkJL r'p\
Ck!\
Lcommunicative ( M I ) ?-I&! LJL & instrumentalist (r&JI,

j $1 &12 b-L&.iil
a%!Jl J+ 2 +-
?-I& L J b
kJfll iJ*ij
. ;;..I#, .&JI?-I&l, $1 p Y L-Lr
al,3k rJiLL I+p 'a%Al ')A -I+\ & *I
aw4 ++I aklill, JLJI & U I p L Y -J+ *Is,
3&% r+Jdw13
s g l j l b l &I> CJ~UI,$q1
c ~jrii4;14j
~ L q ~ ji . ~j 21~4
j ~. II L s J I L.~6ir1
C J & GL&& Y d,JI i$l$l -12 a
l, .d,JI GIs1 4
b L j, . ( \ q ) + J ~ t j -+
~ JI >&,I 4 4 1 idl; & Y I+! .
+k;T-YI 4 & +WI &ljAl3 b Y I dp cJ&I
rJ *, -Js"ll t b Y I .p j.$i GY jlr d$& dt ,+ Y
d j j , b vtd3Y&
~ s " l ltk;T-Yl fb jl> 9 1-b~ Sjb~
f, LL&\ b d & . . .-? f 3 k 3 $1 ,!>f &*
G&
.(Te)aiqSL +fl, LL+ +fl & L a & ! +I 2.k

H. Dreitzel, (editor). Recent sociology, On the Social Basis of politics, PP. XI11 ( \ f ) -
0 XVI.
Ibid.. P. XI.
Ibid.. P. XIV. (7')
N. Birnbaum, *Crisis in Marxit sociologym in Dreitzel (ed) 0p.Cit. P. 13. (77)
Ibid.. P. 14. (7T)
$1, ,l+YI j $A!, +I+Y\ ~ l fA
; &I + b Y I pl_).kjl
LJLu;t & dJ; &I t$.qaL;U;rl >A,' L S , L ~ ~ Y I
6 '
$'1 aL+l

4 ejAl r& & &$I c ~ i>bj

- ~ I y ~W A
&I &I-. ;r. ijj b$,J& &I Oligopolistic + J K L Y I
4; > . & a+,) 6 (+&I &I) Demand
g .Ij & '41 J-4 & iij; Y u;y +L,
.4,Jl +l+l a@, 4 ~ 1 j al w l j l h a*, .WL
d t a-I .&I
j l i i j&JL cipJ dl5 clJ, .(yO).lpJl &
JbYl A: jh u y->dsll,JI +I1 3; c;r
.(*)>,dl, +jl &: +L& d.;,LLriY!,

Cit.
~oc. (yf
- XV ...
Dreitzel, Op. Cit. PP. XV (yo)
jjf j&jL LIPrJJ-+> . JJYI 341JI +i
j .lui 31 L,A st ;
,
h&Y[ IL + L t 2 ~ 3 41 1 Y OI&
i~~ j J~~

.4J=73-J.d&>,+ ct-
& JI& l r - Y ~ .L -\ii .I+ t b ~iljs
~ k,
C&

gJJI @ +!&dl Jl pa, i*L+YI

'y &,.il 'j.4 4-b
J+J~ +>I &ISF qj &I &dl &-r'YI @I j&hj
rI.,+; 'y L b Y I r& WI -&-Jr '+WI, &JI &
dj> 4 1o G W ~ +-p)ll aLIJdI J! I+j+I, >I+YI
f, &&I 'y d
d
,l &+L &+
'&&.I\, +@YI &bl&l
rWLJI'yL y l c+ JlJLCl i& p
asY &I &#I oL$I
J 1"' jV
OL !~
l )&
, J ;;? !
abgYl +b/ , .,&!I
+ *ii t L ; r Y I ,& j 441 JLYI u b f 4js +>L:
'($A)j +Wl ;
,
i + df $ \ f 7 \ rb +lL 'j+,{,
(y & U I *r ,yf
*i +LC1 +Wl Jp dl Jr qj 'jbk
. .I (YV&,
b;JI pp4 +&I jLJI
- 4
3 4 d\ J$l i
- iJbJ
. b l j dl j- lu t L + Y I r& 2 +J, Jr, ,&!I rWI Jr
tbYl,& j +&-$I dlS;I 4; 3 j+-..+ Y +,I
3' L Y5 I @Li) :LG,W U l 441 JI t z U l j l i l L l i j

&dl &31
cdL,k~ J+- I$
J L ~ ew s+, ' 9L ~ Y+JrI*ti
. (~~'Bauman
&I d $ . ~ j u-

+.! 'LfoW I JUI JQ jij, 4; JS LoJ~i,-*ljj &Ij 6

p-df k! &&!I & .(yA)4kJ, 'db,, '&L,&%A

& k ~J~Aih ZI.I1, G h J dW @ +-I& k~r
C
,
A ti! 4; 'y O># y> @dlG,Ll, .*j, rI$l 'y &l
I& js) 4 I$ trans - social j>Wl L4jy

Ibid , P. XI.
Quoted in: J . Williams, Op. Cit. P. 8. (yV)
LOC. Cit. (YA)
P.Bandyopadhyay, one sociology or Man!., Some Issues in Radical Sociology ( Y f )
in Sociological Review, Vol. 19, No. 1 (1971) P. 7.

\\O C ~ P'&jj -L~

.> I
+J '&Js+Vl 1. 'd3jC: "$6 (I".)
 & Li%!k &2 d Myrdal U ~ I ,L
>F)~
++A! +& / ; I- d l 4-
; >, $ j '*I ~I>LYI,
&lJl &, ;r> 'y t+I p,J1'y $1 Jac 3% 3
a& 9~ &lb, b,A l;yi & L Y I r&l j > &dl
t a+%\ n ,moral Escapism Q 3 p n ale;; J! ;r$l 'y

&by1 (JIU 4 .. 1 -91 dI &z +. U l GIy-

,dl >LbYrYl, .(TY)Lt.lj A,+
+ &, -t &p
GU ‘y L ;,fl *I d,UI 3 LZLb > y - -
.QklI +I ' i l k l l ' J d I (*)
T. Parasons, The Structure of Social Action, P. 597. (Y')
G . Myrdal. Objectivity in social Research, P. 6. (Yy)
ck* L n d& dl ,+ Y &!I dl J I ~ Y ~ Y J
.IJJI IJj4 + jtt 'rW13 j. wJ +
& J~)sI. jSf .?I41 ;r ,+IJ+ &JI j L dpL.+Yl
dud1 ~ 3 .2c a l @ l ~Beliefs
~ ~ L J I ~ I~
PYJI,d
, \ &
*I 6 4 1%
;I ,+GJ ( = & I 1) I Opinions .lJ' $
J-, .&3lJb 3 ~ 2FYI1, '31ip, JY,I u~ i JLI
.dry.
1' 41
't! w d$- w1 3 ~ ~ &3f a l ~ b y !
dl & -- y I ;y
I I a - 'h&t d15
i- 'k p ' A 2 .w d,;i dl @- dK,f w d,G
O*YI, &dl && di, kis f, 3-g cilc &b.L a l 3 b Y I
UldIp t,' 4y jF '+I y I#-,$ $ J l
(4 j., ',+GYl, &YI iiplq Gybr L.u >I
blj ,I w PI A ~ k i ; r GI
~ .bJ+ J..Q
i - I l .++JI ~ K Aj;
I
j+I% ,:JI i
. A 2141
41 j. ir2 ' L Lf, ~3 j

4 dl-p
1 a&$ dl uUl OL .4Lf b bd l I L
L+ Ld d IJJJI .IJ3 ;fej .wL, i+ d$- L i>lc

[bid., P. 9.
 aLbYI,
k

Attitudes
d3
-
6hlIj J$
+4
abgl IIb & .i+
'+aliJ
1 -
'y b?j f& J! 'ah+I
~2 .LJldIL J U I IJJl ,1$
JlJl
ipL;
,y L+Yl
+, J! 3+UI 22 Js
'y

b-
i;L+

.+I &hll ,I ;=;$I k

'y p 4 4I II+l d,& J! L+

L+ +I &&All 'y Lit& , La & t+dl,. a h - \$2,

.&&I fGVl +* $sS $1 i 3 d l G L J l L J ~ ~ JyJ sib
I
1 1 Js ' i 2 A&-&A1 & " j l i&l 2
+i5 '&Jl

;L;+ka 2 'by\ $ 41 ,I LVl J.6 j - ~ p ;dl akP;rl

ILa &I L-Y, .ali=U13A j V l ah3 'y a JI),adJ/)
&X. J.6 L
* *
a9 J! 'LL, kj,JI &l>l (rUI
.: ci
J.6 +I&, +I j!S> +I d p '+dl ;*I &fi $ Gl
~s 4 > u 1at~~irll kj. +I ~LJS
c Jl2+ JL= 6 JXYI $$I &LIj f i-li_) .&+Vl aLs;ll

- - dJVlah-I
dI,d a$ d I 2 L L l 3, 61-, aLj!+l) i-Li
j,&I Jj bj* d l & '+dl dL, j PI 31
.(")fWI JlizYl ali &+YI +.-UI

Ibid.. PP. 14 - 16.

lbid., P. 17.
 ah&! efl i&dI o h 4, . Raionalizations nalA>lv j l J I
+$I & C a l ~ l b Y l'y &+ aGL\,a\>lbK I&PydG!
& jl;Y!, L k r l l b ~ b &Al 'aLc+l 0-i. Q 6Jl
4 a- Y, 1 .i&dI o h JX; a l 2 b Y I ,>o .+.!I jc

Luis a.
J! 6- b k jc iu.Ltll a l 2 b y l &dl &I

p .+
d. j-j y; & d k @ljs;l, QI_2rll jc
&dl *I & &i!I &$I + 'j LA1 @I &L jc L-f
!+*I. & Ls, &l5I +I
+ bj Lui a& GAI + M Y
ilia .("'+j@YI Jl t;;'
r J.p J.5 $A
#
+, 6 iiYJL,
c4;,iru. Y L
, 4;+ilu. L & r+l u.2 Y &Ul a l 2 l i 3 l
rJbiz JA p 6 , .('")~h+Cs; jc U ,
l;r dis, &
& alpy GpLl $A J.&l dY GpLl j bl+ &* & elj Y
('A)>+ Cj>b _y;

jb 'y G+ b2, >I+ lAy jc +I 4L.q &

{ J 4 ?t,
.i~s>j dl & ,$ 6-1

*I FUI /%I jc 3 L lil al&l A-

dl
+'b + {MI +j dl&! 3 @I J, .i+UI,

Ibid., PP. 18 - 19. (m)

Ibid.. P. 28. (rV)
Ibid., P. 29. VA)
 &I AlAb A
. dgJ 1C ! h % (;%I 4
1& 1.-6 ; ~ ~
&I + b Y I &lJUl, al&&l JS pJ*I fGr &-&
b.+-Y -I i&.JI W I @MI dl+ .& $
&k4;1p> 6 % w
~ aL.& 'y akLl by
~ r U l
J-% .+ b y 'JYYl ty + k4
aL%YI p dkyl +A j&I J! &ill CGf
'41, 'sl+l, 'Jl+Yl, djIAl, 'dlj;)ll J.L aLJ..L,&

L. & k2 + + b Y l f y l A +JI, ' U I ,

.
(")
& l,Jl j k r l f, -41 h, L ~ , . G ~ $2 c1 'L >+:
rl$yln ji> jr ++Jl J1 d p b Y I c&Jl L. l i b
L j L L l l a l 2 b W LrLb;! dL $1 & pi1 . - 'u21,jk
jj
t>J1 4Y

--
t u l dl 'flbliJl &,MI aL\+Y\,
~ j l i l l.&ID -+JIJ- &+L. IL, . a 1 43 1
1 4 1 f .(")&I &dl j self - healing
1 b . Ue'liJL Cl$Yll 2fi ibL, Y &by!
+I A- - stJ".JWl y ;rl t,-;.L' j 4pfl
1 a L.M ++JIB +L+- jr k..+Y &&YI
L I J ~ 9' I L 3 d l & yYl JS jr J-yl
'd~$
+I, +
' +I l,+ ' j U l ;2,u JS;- I& '+l+l u
& C.x J ti,bkj + ~ Y u , 'JS C . 2 ; a+Jlu &bYl
0 I I , 'y I I .(f')j%YI
b L* '+ d1 @I 'y dp Lui 'y p j l &, .*I;

iL'L ak@b - : y-?

.'fy)Lbyl$JJ ak@I c.i; ;, 'iJ~
Ibid.. P. 52.
Ibid.. P. 51.
lbid.. P. 54.
G. Myrdal. An American Dilemma. P. 1063.

TVT
&L & u I UJWLB
cy U G p j tvl+b~JI* &,
b J 'aG,.lY.+YL ;l
i-@ I.J+, XL
& ~ &
f $, abp.'b 3p;! approach adb~
&Lr,.pd j io,c;JI l d . .$1 L&a w3; A
, dli .(*)+

'uLL;XLI ')phi, ' I I I , ' & h . J I , $Wl,

>p ' 6 ~ 1 GIp W l LJAl aGLYI,
.+yW f,& @A .+I a l k l L2.5 @, .&I @lr;

4 i.Ci.b, . U- - I d
irkj ij$..iLLLIpi
'Or+ l ab3c;L.$S b3ilj
b u .&XL;@ f Y I I p 6-
c*, %
,YI j b~ ilb +L ' ~ L A A @UI
L bJk
,pJ L-+ JYLYI k b Y dill non - sequitur ( ~ J J I
51 '+li>l, +A 3, &+I &I j .ii~;l~
~ L J I
/%YI 3,L;JL 4 & dj jl
j U l LL2 .(ff)LSd\
akp.'?,(alLh=YI)2 l d l & GWI abAAI jl? U I j
.

Ibid., P. 1043. (ir)

. &I
j WI -41 -9 $1 ;
I. Lt&Y\ JbH - j ~ L$& kj(b)
'+dl 1I+., j
. A G ! A,& ;t, (as$1), lL&ll
y yWI, bfWl 4r41 j. ,JJl j. $1 ?+l JI>p b;r
. && GjUl
G. Myrdal Objectivity in Social research, PP. 53 - 4.
( 1 1)
G . Myrdal, American Dilemma, PP. 1043 - 4.
G . Myrdal. Objectivity in social research, PP. 61 - 62.
G. Myrdal An American Wemma, P. 1045.
 *& *-
di
+l+JIa*
jfi j f LA3\
-
Lkl,

&+f b
$
,
+Li
4
L 9 IL,
&
1 a L d l &! df
'+ill
&&-
&UI &'C+
+ 9
&
/j;
Y,

, realism ai,jlJl B

$ aLcL&l, dL2W +..dl a&&& liblsn a L d I @La

I a J a , i a & d C , .@I
b,AI tJC, .&i+ 01; i+ olck 6 is alck 16k;u.
feasible 9
1&.c2 +b G I a L d l d& df 9
df +Yl +fj&-$, +' I Jj Lj&+ d+ Y +
df& Y J U l i&, .( t ' ) ~ J . k . Jj
l n L4iY J! a&JL;1l ,&i
'rj4JJI alb U J& & 'LjIL &, ''G G a b d&
j&jf&Y &&t;i]laL.dl i.J~~>jkq\&~
. i;L5 L j L L

G . Myrdal, Objectivity in social research, P. 10.

Ibid., PP. 65 - 6.
G . Myrdal, An American Dilemma, P. 1060.
+si, '+JdI it.&, 'aL,,pA I&+ j 'U &UI
&I j
.i>lrS j p ' f U I >p, '&)(I1
3QJI pb
j9& + ~J(-P' JG L 4 Q ' jf Y 3i 4
instrumental n&JI j U I r + +++ & JI>Y r&- d U . l&lk!
' L p +dl aLdl 3 i b l , b+
d C c k l & r+- 6iJI
& cLl,JJl j ++l+Yl +Jl 3 L L L Z l k 'i&, b3
d l k k .;bAI i -; l -l &la* cp li ULb 'Ll, &UI jf
&>LYI O L ~ e~ k+, .+dl a ~ ~
.i l ~
j ala+ ,>*
.u - 3
j f +I '&I l L j p pf j
. b, . .
. ( O ' ) i L L I

+ . b U I ij a&JI >+ d i l l ,+JI &+I &I

Y
, . k l , '& JY-c-YI ,& '&L!< &I aLdb
jc t b Y I ~ L G $ & &.& ep;" di j f --j
k i+hb f, LLi;. +A,' L;p!'GUl, 1- &I
L& -4 L j il>fp & Y l 4 .J.+
1 j jI "L j.
+ L+ L-LL- .i1. .LAj f J I >h
~ 3.iGj

J & l+E d, '.t* j j U I , 'c+d31j 'ZLYI

.(OY)Lp + jf &dl +J1 &b #++JIB Ogl

G . Myrdal, Objectivity in social research, PP.701.

[bid., P. 72.
 8 > Y-I ~ WjI + b+ iCC + '+UI
d t Y I I 1 ; ' I LI+ jr, Jl s
,
321 3 ~ jr
9 + z> L a l+-,&'+J,I -2 A- JIJ?
IS, one - sidedness +l-\ i r w .>ljL t$-Jl ~I+l.l,
5~ & . +I d ' ~ W I ,>&I ~1 i ; iij
~
c+l Y j .JliiYI dWl &;;II +/ ;pr
I*, ' ~ L Y I ,f'+l d L q d& +$dl aLJLd
5b . , U l y Jl 3+ l+ aGl~l 4-L e+I +-
c'YI 'y j
. J L;!, 'C d, J'S Lai @ lil a&& z>
dt ,d+t ;>&.y , l h ClpjL3 .&& u
f, 'L>I b y jr +
, >A & 1jK j13J1L dLt;SI 3j *UI
a&+l & &I f& JS + &dl ya $YI & +IUl
d % . &$$ L 19j2 ;
ic j J 1 dl- A, 'a131b-Y13
I

i
i;J" &>I c-13L ++Il, W %aLClil4 e+4
ikL ,3* U>l Iil 91 &I ap *u 91 l#5lJ3l +-
dl,Yl Y,
'al>Lkl ,I eL$ + A Y I 4 L JlLJ &
, +I p l S L& &

. OW3 is1t, v1Jl4L,

;? Y i s il;l '~LJI, 41h ~ UU
I I
Jl
;~i
~I J .streeten ~3
j l ;;ji J I > ~ Jy Jc;' bi
jJ, ,lj GI; b j9 &kll j *I aLd\
G & L.Li + dl JI>*
I d L d I AL I i U '&k3
.cl+Yl rJC. +
I+
, p +$I, &IJI d L U L 3Li; &!I
A &+l i cL +i3; Llh. 2 L L +t d( Llpl,
L+.O

F .i+k+Ja + 2, GI iJI.JJI icy.&-> L-

aL+Lln, a!,
iJ U+L J! i r L d \ dl+ h;j Llj.cl
A I i I i r l A I . . . .,irj!j~,,
44 ' 1, fLj1 & r J w l 4 dMuI jt;\
:+@I j . & i++ JSLsJ &IJ,I L +.I+Ul
r ( O y ) & +UI
~ ~ ~J! &;I >

G. Myr- I+L+YI r+WI $4 1 1 jc JIA* JCLcY 3.;. J3 ,!A% j. ( o r )

dal. Value in soclal theory, P. X - IV. .
Werkmiester, <<Constructionof theory and the problem of Objectivity, P. 499. (0 f)
Ibid., P. 506. (0°)
9, .+A ;;iW +j oJ3& ,-ii. j L Y l $dl ()I,.!! jLS &I
-3 dl +I J9YI jc &I L -9++J +li GL
&
.

4>,4 JC ) 9, . L.+ c;; 2 a! f.r Y cud, .lp

J! i-.> ' i 3 c ~ lLd>
~ '/&I dlj JJdI ' 2.~131
Z,L i J 9h-
af 'Jl &> & p r +>b, t~,r OAJ, &
a&!, & d! ;+&I bjG 4 @ bJ& -1
.&I GW
YAY
YAY
 ,I

'p+
JJL-

4
t,
j.

2~

Y
4 3 4 4 & i i k d & + $ .~+ p L + y + p
J $ul+dl ; P ~ ~ ~ + C J L

brc

Y J-4
Y, .+I+
U
441b , ; ~-I
IL J+ Y

b >

'w d+I
b,~+.

& J ~ Y ?JJYI

, ab,J3+YI,
,

JI J$ 1 ~ 9.,LLjI
o u AIL.! ; ;a
b+.

&;. 4 4 1 J>,
j
I eb

>

e4J-b
9,
j

>,>

9 CJL 'Ic;* &- UL,~

JI -.
aw, & j h eb &a, at ,l+ $ +A
4
1
~

~frp, yjjL j @I
c~+c-CrldS, '+,J3+Yl
.;tiwl OLdl>Yl b b
alJ&l
h
99 4 e p " ~ '
J. ijLiy1 C,ul qw i64q 91 di a&. 9

e+l
, .&.LlI +dl
&G

3, .e+ I lj-, + I& M g J4 y

Y I@ .+i. ;.
~

C
'y LA
L

&-J3+YI

+-NC,$,*,
Y J , L~ J 41 r
L at I
a U I
L

dt IL. .LA
4 U l i, &
Yj

~ .
p.
-
f

JAl+
LG L&
$,

,I
&

d& U J U l tJ> ;E!

d b 3 I* &+

,
bjlp
t$

Y
~
r-

&1, i -,J34t

Jk; dl

I@
J

is+
b
1

Gb iLJ
J

~;LAYI
.+ t r&ll

&&wqv $ I
&+

IL

~
PI J+

'y

+W
!,..LA+
1
241 b,+

*-

u
ci"ci",

'+I

J!
j .
. $1,

f, ihli
d

ar ;j,.&,~~+t
61-

b b.U

j d+s>I
.iiL~llal,bJI~~l
Y $dl +I

fi-$dl +I

-
a

LLj
f

+A
~

+
-jY.+~

>,JI
$

at

@Ldl>I

U>l+ 5
&

441 GXJk
Y iLi
J

i;lb

is+
J ~
'$1 +
+
,,I +LJl flu1 aLWI 2-d &A $31,
'i & I +JwIJ eg1 jjQ d l (Conceptual i r L . 4 4 iiL;LI
&2 el.iJ1 j?! + 8259 C-b Li> +.+ df &
. d.51
iiL;II eLJ1 Jl i 4 4 l *;I&I .&I
j +, j?r-9,
+ d l pLJI & "51 k,l a G l j i l :i! $,flLi . ( O T ) ~

Brown and ghiselli, Scientific method in psycology, PP 153 - 5 (O')

YAA
 i;kl.>*JI p a l l A@ &L ~ L l j S yol h d& A\ & &.A\
+Jm 4 $41 c++i .(ov)i&L~ $LJL GI;& ,&
oh, 'l,zLL Jr 'w +Al iC;E U theorem ti;LflI \, Lb3
Y JwY &+! -191 U AA @ akA1
2 'e
& bju $41 4, &J &!I il?ijl fg1 i)$
fL, .b>
j J1 blk;i d\ Jr $3 'i&dl $41 @E
01bI'- uJ@ @- & Y *&J .a&
ZJlhoJ & L v l 3141 $ J! C5i>L 35 JI 01l.j & @I
&&A 4 1 L Y l +j d f e .+I & k%lL
'& Y, I I u @ I , N
;i. l aL4Yl
.i+ +I 3 3 U U X Jb J i Y '+I r g 2LJI pi
4, a L % >&k 6LJl @ j
. - 2 $jplI,
&!I -
'+I G.d i l l ++I ;I+ jC CUS (4-9 .+I &."&I1
b> JJub LIJ*ll ~ 9 ibUI
9 &&
.IJr j
& ++I r+2
,1 , . + J L L ; ~J+- F '$9 yS-j YJ .'#Lo; j
.
( O A ) W @L-F~&="$AI
'

M. Cohen And E. Nagel, An Introduction to logic and scientific Method, PP. ( o V )

392 - 3.
Poincark, La Science et L'hypothese, P. 139. (Oh)
A. JJI
- J+I j+-
2 J I ~ Yg
A,b ~ ~ r ~ y ;
I
W l d Y j k & 4 b ~ d +I l >A A, . a ! CfWl 4 4;
4 r k Y & &I I L +b L;S;I ;t'j .qL;YI i y U l i& J!
. iyUI iL;b j & Y JIJYI 2 +U .* .~ ~ . l j l J
+

b d i p &&I 4 1 eu! &FA Y p b q L y 1

,I 'l+P J & k. 'GWI i& i j l j & t.$l rJ+

9 4 ~ lr_ ~. & 4 4 ~ ~ >sp8 b ~ l ~ l

bJJ+c4)k d l +I cdil+LI 3 ic+ 9 i>Ul;GI JA j

;+ a!, & l ~
OL L & ~ 4 r 55
; .ii-/l;.
& = ~ &f j.LSJ >ML4il+Ll j y ;>,L j?+ 9 Ul $ d l
J J - Y I I , .b b& at Y
-
C,LJl G C L I &.I, . y l & w-+- Y +y 4-A +I
t j I I j + lr_ .Id L Jg at i&Jl
j. i& d + , 5 j b+ U +I> iSF A i& oyy d k Y l

Jl JyJ1 J# Jl? L j d,L- C,LJI jI + .oLixJ~

6

'i&I, LU j ,I 'b> 1, olJi!\ 91 @I pWI

& +I ihU i r l + J IO L @ Y A, .*I obJ\

a,gyK O ~ d g I.&I glh#3 k b>%yl

1 'in no space d G Y j j J ; i JlJI*. . ji&
j C! J&
0~ I J Ij *b .-LL; j! Y LTjiI IjIdI J+~
o
lli 9L.
4 &&Jl o.lbJl OL Jt.J .+
iJ
lil XAl ,+j G ~ ~ +

@ 2 % dli >I\h-K ~1~~ bdL% a& A aL&$ 3 9

$ y-t f Y l a+- A, .+I +

--
OJ+ j A+ L -J j
+MI $, .qL;y\ f+l 4 +b i&Jl +I .fL, j
&$.dl i.~ + j g 9 Ul +I
>IJL 6LJ >IJYI,
+I Ld L9 LJJI )lC u A- JiJ &dl l r U l ~+i
b lil b +9 &S d b Y l + j L J I ~ Y jJQ- I +&
&3 .+
i j I d .yi i 2 4 + dj4
L+i . + J, 3k;l A>I+I >LA j aIj...dI
dls L lip ,+i + & q L y l ?+I j +I d&- dt
& cJI? i;" d! &GI;-, ij?s a l b , d&& 4 1 , -41
g 4 - k $521 L-
f
& d l 0 I b J l OL-. +$I. 3+
aI& 1;l~4L.p Permutation and selection u&I,d~, &->vlr 3
. &-I$! 2 s ,&. i+Js &

I
'41 2 2 1 Ul +L+YIJ i,;LYl plJdl eLb L[i
U S . i & U I I+Ib, % LILi &I iL/kll
novelty i&I
oIj b ibUl C S I ~ J h
I j . dj dl L l 3 wj
~L,>UI ++ LJLYI AIi L JJ, .k ,
,
.&$YI l&lJ 6 simulation ilSLxllj theory of Games
i+LL .qLy iJl,Yl, +.&I '$ >,a1 dQ.4 p
' dt $c3
$1 t, d L y l dt j L+Jl -1 p +l+Yl, +LYI
41 Js .A*.'
j dl +>A\irIJyIJ .-I o L ..
j ;r
; Ui &-dt &-&I
k I L il-*Id1 *I t, GIJI
 'LZ6 1 ' '03 "1IFxR
a u yo^ maN 'sqsbqd wapoty JO 3pg a q l "d 'ueur%pua- L
' u e p ~ 3 aqa
e ~ 'A 'N ' w n a
-!s@!mall8 Jo s ~ a l q 8 J d~!qdosol!qd (JoJW) 'aqooJqL8JSl - 9
'tqau! a ~ n a p "f s 'puaa - 5
'ZP61 'SU0S PW
a%pavox :uopug ' a a n a ! ~JO uo!83nnd @psaqJ "f ' p u a a - p
'0561 ' b
-911 ueq.~aurvmaN *n!a)sqa 'la pus asJaa!un a q l 'naurea - E
( 1 ~ 6 1 )I 'ON '61 'PA'ka!aali
p$kqo!wg u! c c d u e ~10 d%o~o!msauon "d .AeqpedoApnea - z
LP6 1 'anb!rldoso~!rldarlerq!?
:sped 'anbgguaps q~dsa,? ap uogeauog t q ' . D 'prelq3ea - 1
8 - Bronowski, J. and Mazlish, B., The Western Intellectual Tradi-
tion, Pelican Book, 1970.
9 - Bronowski, J., The Common. Sense of Science, Penguin Books,
1960.
10 - Leon Brarnson, Political context of sociolgy, princeton, prince-
ton University press, 1961.
11 - Brown, and Ghiselli, Scientific Method in Psychology New
York, McGraw - Hill, 1955.
12 - Cassirer, E., An Essay on man, New York: Doubleday Anchor
Books, 1953.
13 -.Chinoy, E., Society, An Introduction to sociology, New York
Random House, 1967.
14 - Maurict Cornforth The Open philosophy and the Open Society,
London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1968.
15 - Moris R. Cohen and Ernest Nagel, An Introduction to Logic
and scientific Method, U. S. A. Harourt. Brace and Company,
1934.
16 - James Conant, Science and Common Sense, New Haven, Yale
University Press, 1961.
17 - Davidson, R: , (ed) The search for Meaning in life, Readings in
Philosophy of Science, New York; Halt Rinehart, 1962.
18 - Hans Peter Dreitzel (editor) Recent sociology, Macmillan Com-
pany, London, 1969.
-
19 - Dewey John, Re construction in philosophy a Mentor Books,
The New American, New York, 1954.
20 - Durkheim, Emile, Les Rtgles de La Mathod sociologique Paris:
LibrairielFtlin Alcan Sixieme tdition, 1912.
21 - Durkheim, Sociology and philosophy, Trans. by D. F. Pocock,
Illinois U. S. A., The Free Press, 1953.
22 - Diesing, P. <<Objectivismversus subjectivism,, in philosophy of
science, Vol. 33, No. 21 - 2., 1966.
23 - Farber, M. <<Towarda Naturalistic philosophy of Experience,, in
Diogenes, 1967, KO. 60.
24 - Farrington, B., Greek science, Vol, 2 Penguin books, 1944.
25 - Fenton, F., The -Myth of Subjectivism, a special Method in
sociology, in The sociological reiew Vol. 16. NO. 3, 1968.
26 - Gibson, Q., The logic of social Enquiry. London, Routlege and
Kegan Paul, 1960.
27 - Llewellyn Gross (editor) Symposium on sociologicalTheory.
N. Y.: Row, Peterson and Company, 1959.
28 - Gurvitch, G., La Vacation actuelle de la sociologie, Paris,
P. U. F., 1950.
29 - Homans, G., The Nature of Social science, New York: Har-
court, Brace and world, 1967.
30 - Hutcheon, P., Objectivity and the problem of sociology in sociol-
ogy and social Research, Vol. 45, No. 2, 1970.
31 - husserl, Edmond, Ideas, General Introduction to pure
Phnomenology, Trans. by: W. R. Boyce Gibson London George
Allen and Unwin Ltd.
32 - Hull, L. W. History and Philosophy of science, London Long-
mans, 1959.
33 - Hodges, H., Wilhelm Dilthey An Inroduction, Roul, London,
1944.
34 - Jeans, J., Physics and philosophy, cambridge University Press,
1948.
35 - Jeffreys, H., Scientific Method and Philosophy of science in Sci-
ence News, No. 3. 1947.
36 - Kroeber, A., (ed) Anthropology Today, The University of Chi-
cago press, 1965.
37 - LCvi - Strauss. C., Criteres Scientifiques dans les discipines
sociales et ccHumaines* in Alethia, No. 4, 1966.
38 - LCvi - Strauss, C., Language and the Analysis of social Laws in
American Anthrophologist, Vol. 53 No. 2, 1951.
39 - U v i - Strauss, C., Structural Anthropology, penguin Universi-
ty Books, 1972.
-
40 - Lenin, V., Matherialism and Empirio criticism Moscow:
Foreign Longuages publishing house, 1952.
41 - Madden, E., (ed) The Structure of scientific thought, London:
Routledge and Kegan paul, 1960.
42 - Mannheim, K., ldeology and Utopia London: Kegan paul, 1940.
43 - Marx, A contribution to the Critique of political Economy Mos-
cow: progress Publishers, 1970.
44 - Marx and Engles, German Ideology, Moscow: Progress Pub-
lishers, 1964.
45 - Marx and Engels, Selected Works, Two volumes, Moscow: fore-
ign Languages publishing house, 1962.
46 - Merton, R., Social theory and social structure, toward the
clarification of theory and Research, Illinois: the press of Glen-
coe, 1951.
47 - Moreno, J., et a1 (editors) The sociometry Reader, N. Y., The
free press of Glencoe, Illinois, 1966.
48 - Mydral, Gunnar, Objectivity in social research, London, Gerold
Duckworch and Co. L. T. D., 1970.
49 - Myrdal, Gunnar, Value in social theory, London, Routledge
and Kegan Paul, second impression 1962.
50 - Myrdal, G., An American Dilemma, Harper and Raow, pub-
lishers, 1962.
5 1 - Nagel, E., The Structure of science, New ~ork: Harcourt,
Brace and world, 1961.
5%- Nutini, H., The Ideological Bases of LCvi Strauss structuralism in
American Anthropologist Vol. 73. No. 3 (1971).
53 - Parsons, T., The structure of social Action, New York; free
press, 1968.
54 - Perry, R., General theory of Value, Harvard University press,
1950.
55 - Popper, K. T!le Poverty of Historicism London, Routledge
and Kegan paul, 1961.
56 - Popper, K., The Open Socity and its Enemies, London: Rout-
ledge and Kegan paul, 1966.
57 - Pearson, K., The Grammar of Science New York, The Meri-
dion Library, 1957.
58 - Piaget, J., Le Structuralisme Paris: P. U. F., 1968, P. 124
(((Que Sais - Je,, Le point des connaissances actulles).
59 - Pyke, M., The Boundries of science, Penguin books, 1963.
60 - Rayfield, S., The Dualism of Ltvi - Strauss, in International
Journal of Comparative Sociology, Vol. 12, No. 4 1971.
61 - Rex, J., Key Problems of Sociological Theory, London, Rout-
ledge and Kegan Paul, 1961.
62 - Ross, W., Aristotle, London: Methuen and Co., 1949.
63 - Russell, B., Let The People Think, London, Watts and Co.,
1943.
64 - Russell, B., The Scientific Outlook, London, George Allen and
Unwin, 1934.
65 - Sarton, G., A Guide to the History of Science, Chronica Bota-
nica Co., 1952. ,
66 - Sarter, J., The Problem of Method, En Trans by H. Barnes,
London, Methuen, 1963.
67 - Scheock, H., et al (ed) Scientism and Values, New Jersey, Van
Noserand Co., 1960.
68 - Schlatter, R., (ed) Philosophy, New Jersey prentice Holl, 1964.
69 - Snow, C. P. The two cultures and the scientific Revolution,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959.
70 - Stein, M., and Heize, S., Creativity and the individual, chica-
go: The free press of Glencoe, 1964.
71 - Sullivan, J., Gallio, or the Tyranny of Science, London: Kegan
Paul. 1928.
72 - Sullivan, J., The Limitations of Science, Mentor Books, New
York, 1949.
73 - Timasheff, N. Sociological theory its Nature and Growth, New
Tork Random House, 1955.
74 - Tiryakian, E., Sociologism and Existentialism, New Jersey Pre-
ntice hall. 1962.
75 - Urban, M., Bey and Realism and Idealism, London, George
Allen, 1949.
75 -Urban, M., Beyond Realism and Idealism, London, George
Hall, 1963.
77 - Weber, M., The Methodology of the Social Science trans and
edited by Edward A. Shils and Henri A. Finch, The free press,
Glencoe, Illinois, 1949.
78 - Welech, E., The Philosophy of Wmund Husserl New York,
Columbia University press, 1941.
79 - Wiener, P. (editor) Philosophy of Science, New York, charles
Scribmers sons, 1953.
80 - Winch, P., The Idea of a Social Science and its Relation to
philosophy, New York, Kegan Paul, 1970.
81 - Whitehead, Adventures of Ideas, Cambridge University press
1947.
82 - Whitehead, A. N., Science and The Modem World, Mentor
Book, New York, 1952.
83 - Wood Worth, R., Conternporky Schools of Psychology, Lon-
don, Methuen and Co., 1949.
84 - Zeitlin, Inring M., Ideology and the Development of Sociologic-
al theory, New Delhi, Prentice of India priviate 1969.
YYA- YVY ............. cJ'jL13 &Id! ,y