Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
• Application
• Presentation
• Session
• Transport
• Network
• Data Link
• Physical
Application Layer
• Determines the format used to exchange data among the networked computers.
• Translates data from a format from the Application layer into an intermediate
format.
• Responsible for protocol conversion, data translation, data encryption, data
compression, character conversion, and graphics expansion.
• Redirector operates at this level.
Session Layer
• Allows two applications running on different computers to establish use and end a
connection called a Session.
• Performs name recognition and security.
• Provides synchronization by placing checkpoints in the data stream.
• Implements dialog control between communicating processes.
Transport Layer
• Sends data frames from the Network layer to the Physical layer.
• Packages raw bits into frames for the Network layer at the receiving end.
• Responsible for providing error free transmission of frames through the Physical
layer.
Physical Layer
Network Topologies
JUNE 07, 2010 WBCOMDESIGN NO COMMENTS
Network Topologies
Bus Topology
• The mesh topology connects each computer on the network to the others
• Meshes use a significantly larger amount of network cabling than do the other
network topologies, which makes it more expensive.
• The mesh topology is highly fault tolerant.
• Every computer has multiple possible connection paths to the other com-
puters on the network, so a single cable break will not stop network communications
between any two computers.
Star Bus Topology
• also known as star wired ring because the hub itself is wired as a ring. This
means it’s a physical star, but a logical ring.
• This topology is popular for Token Ring networks because it is easier to implement
than a physical ring, but it still provides the token passing capabilities of a physical ring
inside the hub.
• Just like in the ring topology, computers are given equal access to the network
media through
• the passing of the token.
• A single computer failure cannot stop the entire network, but if the hub fails, the
ring that the hub controls also fails.
Hybrid Mesh