SCIENCE WORKTEXT

Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns

Mendelian Genetics
 Principle of dominance. The dominant trait dominates or prevents the expression
of the recessive trait. The effects of the recessive gene are not observed when
the dominant gene is present.

Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

 These are patterns of inheritance that do not always follow Mendelian principles
of heredity. This results to more variation among species.

Figure 1 Incomplete Dominance

 When the offspring have a phenotype intermediate between the phenotype of
both parents. (see Figure 1.)
 The two alleles are not completely dominant over each other, and the
heterozygous will be a new phenotype.

Codominance
 The resulting heterozygotes exhibit the traits of both parents. (see Figure 2.)
 The two alleles are both dominant, causing both traits to be expressed in the
offspring.
Figure 2
Multiple Alleles
 When the expression of a character is controlled by one gene pair, but the gene has more
than two forms or alleles.
 An example of multiple allelism is the inheritance of human ABO blood type: A, B, AB and O.
Three alleles control this character: IA, IB, and i.
Genotype Phenotype
IA IA, IA i Blood type A
IB IB, IB i Blood type B
IA IB Blood type AB
ii Blood type O
 The table shows the dominance of IA and IB over i, but neither one is dominant over the other.

Sex-linked Traits .
 Genes located at the sex chromosomes are called sex-linked genes. They may be linked to the X chromosome (X-linked)
or the Y chromosome (Y-linked). Examples: X-linked traits (color blindness and hemophilia); Y-linked trait
(hypertrichosis pinnae Auris or disorder that causes hairy ears)
Sex-limited Traits
 The genes that control the trait are autosomal, meaning they are not found on the X or Y chromosome. These traits are
visible exclusively in one sex. Examples: Lactation in cattle, and Feather pattern in chicken between rooster and hen.
Sex-influenced Traits
 These traits are also autosomal and are expressed in both male and female but more frequently in one sex than in the
other sex. Examples: Baldness, Facial hairs, harelip and gout.

Think about this… Answer the following questions.

1. How will you describe the heterozygous individual in incomplete dominance? in codominance?
2. If i is combined with any of the other alleles, will it be physically expressed? If so, is it dominant or
recessive?
3. What is the main difference between sex-limited and sex-influenced traits?
 TEST SHEET 3
SCIENCE 9
Name: Date:
Section: Score:

NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE

General Instruction:
 Use a separate sheet of paper in answering.
 Do not write anything on the test sheet.

I. Multiple Choice
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. What does a Punnett square show?

a. all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross c. only the recessive alleles in a genetic cross
b. only the dominant alleles in a genetic cross d. all of Mendel’s discoveries about genetic crosses
2. Which is described as an organism’s physical appearance?
a. genotype. b. phenotype. c. codominance. d. heterozygous.
3. What does codominance mean in genetics?
a. Both alleles are dominant. c. The alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.
b. Both alleles are recessive. d. Each allele is both dominant and recessive.
4. What do we refer to as an organism’s genotype?
a. genetic makeup b. color c. physical appearance d. height
5. What does incomplete dominance mean in genetics?
a. Both alleles are dominant. c. The alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.
b. Both alleles are recessive. d. Each allele is both dominant and recessive.
6. What type of inheritance do two alleles have if their traits blend together? 
a. Incomplete Dominance c. Mendelian Inheritance
b. Codominance d. Homozygous Inheritance
7. Which pattern of inheritance is that the trait is carried on one of the sex-determining chromosomes?
a. Mendelian Inheritance c. Incomplete dominance
b. Codominance d. Sex-linked inheritance
8. A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?
a. Incomplete Dominance c. Independent assortment
b. Codominance d. Recessive inheritance
9. In chickens, feather color is codominant.  If a black chicken BB is mated with one that is black and white (BW)
what are the chances of having a chicken that is black and white?
a. 50% b. 0% c. 25% d. 100%
10. having two of the same genes for the trait (sometimes called purebred).
a. Homozygous b. heterozygous c. protein d. chromosome

II. OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS

(Hint: you may use a Punnett square in explaining your answer.)

1. Codominance in cattle. Cattle can be red (RR = all red hairs), white (WW = all white hairs), or roan (RW = red and
white hairs together).
a. What is the percentage of the probability that a roan cow and a red cow will have a roan offspring?
b. Is it possible for a red and roan pair of cattle to have white offspring? Why?
2. A wealthy elderly couple die together in an accident. Soon a man shows up to claim their fortune, saying that he is
their only son who ran away from home as a boy. Other relatives dispute his claim. Hospital records show that the
deceased couple were type AB and O respectively. The claimant to the fortune was type O. Could he be their son?
 Explain.

Sketch Notes Time!

Blue bird White bird

Sketch Notes Time!

Sketch Notes Time!
 1. Based on the results of the genetic crosses, what
do you think are the corresponding phenotypes of
the offspring in the F1 and F2 generations?
2. How are the results of the crosses differ if the
alleles are equally dominant?
3. Would it be possible to obtain white rabbits if one
parent is white and the other is Chinchilla? Explain.

Guide Question for Learning Task 4

(LESSON: Non-Mendelian Inheritance – Week 5 page
22)

1. Based on the results of the genetic crosses,

what do you think are the corresponding
phenotypes of the offspring in the F1 and F2
generations?
2. How are the results of the crosses differ if the
allele for white is dominant to all other alleles?
3. Show the Punnett square of the cross between
a black (CC) rabbit and a white (cc) rabbit.

MODULE INSERTS
Coat color in rabbits
Phenotype Allele Pattern of Inheritance
Black coat C Dominant to all other alleles
Chinchilla cch Dominant to Himalayan and to white
Himalayan ch Dominant to white
White/Albino c Recessive

Guide Question for Learning Task 3

(LESSON: Non-Mendelian Inheritance – Week 5 page
21)