RHOSE ANN A. VILLAFLORES JOED A.

ALAGAO
GLOSSARY OF SCIENCE TERMS

1. Acid – Any water-soluble compound having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus
red and reacting with a base to form a salt.

2. Air – A mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the
atmosphere consists of.

3. Atom – is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element.

4. Astronomy - is the study of everything in the universe beyond Earth’s atmosphere.

5. Astrophysics – the branch of astronomy concerned with the physical nature of stars
and other celestial bodies, and the application of the laws and theories of physics to
the interpretation of astronomical observations.

1. Bacteria – Very small living organisms made of only one cell which are present
everywhere (the air, the soil, on the skin).

2. Balance – A state of equilibrium.

3. Balance point – The point along the length of the shaft at which it will balance
itself when placed on a fulcrum.

4. Barometer – An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure, used

especially in weather forecasting, but is also used to measure altitude.
5.Barycentre – The point at the centre of a system; an average point, weighted according
to mass or other attribute.

1. Calcium – A mineral salt that strengthens the bones.

2. Calcium carbonate – is a common substance found in rock in all parts of the world, and is
the main component of shells of marine organisms like snails, pearls, seashells and corals.
3. Carbon dioxide – Carbon dioxide is a colourless, odourless incombustible gas present in the
atmosphere.
4.Carcinogenic – a carcinogenic substance is any substance that produces cancer or stimulates
the production of cancerous cells.
5.Cells – The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

1. Dehydration – Dryness resulting from the removal of water.

2. Density – The amount of matter contained by a given volume. The symbol of density is ρ
(the Greek letter rho)
3. Desiccant – A substance that promotes drying.
4.DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid is a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and
formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix.
5.Dominant eye – Also known as Ocular dominance is the tendency to prefer visual input
from one eye to the other.

1. Echo – The repetition of a sound resulting from reflection of the sound waves.

2. Echo-location - Determining the location of something by measuring the time it takes

for an echo to return from it.

3. Echo-sounding – Determining the location of something by measuring the time it takes

for an echo to return from it.

4. Eclipse – An eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when one celestial object
moves into the shadow of another.

5. Elastic energy – Potential energy that is stored when a body is deformed as in a coiled
spring or elastic band.

1. Fat – A soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a

mixture of lipids.

2. Ferrites – A magnetic material containing powdered iron oxide (Fe2O3) which

usually has magnetic properties.
 3. Filament – A thin wire in a light bulb that is heated white hot by the passage of
an electric current.

4. Fingerprint – An impression of the underside of the end of a finger or thumb.

5.Friction – The interaction between surfaces: a measure of the resistance felt when sliding
one body over another.

1. Galvanometer – A type of ammeter or instrument for detecting or comparing or

measuring small electric currents.

2. Gear – A toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in order to change
the speed or direction of transmitted motion.

3. Genetically Engineered Plants – The alteration of the genome of plants grown for food
in order to produce crops with specific advantages.

4. Germination – The process whereby seeds or spores sprout and begin to grow.

5. Gravity – The force of attraction between all masses in the universe, especially the
attraction of the earth’s mass for bodies near its surface.

1. Heat – A form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature.

2. Helium – is the chemical element with atomic number 2 and an atomic weight
of 4.0026, which is represented by the symbol He.

3. Hormone – A chemical substance produced in a living organism which controls

the rate of biochemical processes.

4. Horticulture – The science of caring for gardens or gardening; small scale

agriculture.
 5. Hydroponics – A technique of growing plants (without soil) in water containing
dissolved nutrients.

1. Ice – Water frozen in the solid state.

2. Igneous rocks – Rocks that is produced under conditions involving intense

heat.

3. Immiscible – The chemical property where two or more liquids or phases

do not readily mix or dissolve in one another, such as oil and water.

4. In Parallel – Connected at the same time. Electrical components connected

side by side, instead of in series.

5. In series – Electrical components connected in a chain, instead of in

parallel.

1. Jacobson’s organ – The vomeronasal organ; a chemosensory organ located in the

nasal septum or roof of the mouth in vertebrates.

2. Jodium or Jod – Jodium is the Latin name for the element iodine.

3. Joule – is equal to the kinetic energy of a kilogram mass moving at the speed of
one meter per second.

4. Junction Point – A junction point is a point where a polymer network forms

branches.

5. Junction Unit – A junction unit is a non-repeating atom or group of atoms that

appear between monomer blocks in a block macromolecules.

1. Kelvin – is the fundamental unit of temperature adopted under the Systeme

International d’Unites (SI).
2. Keratin – is a fibrous structural protein found in animal cells and used to form
specialized tissues.

3. Ketone – is a compound containing a carbonyl functional group bridging two groups of

atoms.

4. Ketoheptose – is a heptose carbohydrate that contains a ketone functional group.

5. Kilowatt-Hour – A kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a standard metric unit of measurement for

electricity consumption for billing purposes.

1. Lever – A rigid bar used to apply pressure at one point along its length by applying a
force (effort) at a second point and turning about a third point or fulcrum.

2. Lift – A fluid flowing past the surface of a body exerts a surface force on it.

3. Lignum – Wooden tissue. This may or may not contain the bark of the tree as well.

4. Litmus – A colouring material (obtained from lichens, a composite organism consisting

of fungi) that turns red in acid solutions and blue in alkaline solutions.

5. Logic gate – A computer circuit with several inputs but only one output that can be
activated by particular combinations of inputs.

1. Macromolecular – A macromolecular structure is a structure in which all of the atoms

within a crystal are linked together by chemical bonds.
2. Macromolecules – A macromolecule is a molecule with a very large number of atoms.

3. Madelung’s Rule – Madelung’s rule describes electron configuration and the filling of
atomic orbitals.

4. Malleable – Malleable is the term for a substance capable of being shaped.

5. Manometer – A manometer is a scientific instrument used to measure gas pressures.

1. Nano – is the prefix associated with x10-9 and is denoted by the symbol n.

2. Naphtha – refers to a mixture of hydrocarbons forming a flammable liquid.

3. Naphthenes – are a class of cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.

4. Natural Abundance – is the measure of the average amount of a given isotope

naturally occurring on Earth.

5. Necrosis – is the destruction of one or more cells from an external cause such as a
toxin, infection, radiation or trauma.

1. Octet – Group of eight valence electrons surrounding an atom.

2. Ohmmeter – An ohmmeter is an instrument used to measure electrical resistance.

3. Olefin – An olefin is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond.

4. Oligomer – An oligomer is a macromolecule consisting of a small number of repeating
mer units.

5. Oligosaccharide – is a saccharide polymer with a small amount of component sugar

molecules.

1. Pair Annihilation – is the conversion into two photons when a particle and its
antiparticle collide.

2. Pair Production – is the conversion of energy into matter when an elementary particle
is created with its antimatter counterpart.

3. Paramagnetism – refers to a property of materials in which they are attracted to a

magnetic field.

4. Parent Atom m – refers to the atom that undergoes radioactive decay in a nuclear
reaction.

5. Parent Nuclide – is a nuclide that decays into a specific daughter nuclide during
radioactive decay.

1. Qualitative Analysis — is the methods used to determine the of the nature of the
chemical species in a sample.

2. Quantitative Analysis – refers to the determination of how much of a given

component is present in a sample.
3. Quantum – A quantum is a discrete packet of energy or matter.

4. Quantum Theory – The general theory which describes the allowed energies of atoms
and molecules.

5. Quaternary Amine – is an amine with four carbon atoms bonded to the amine
nitrogen.

1. Rad – is a unit of measuring absorbed radiation of matter.

2. Radian – is an angle with vertex at the center of a circle with radius r that
encompasses an arc of length r.

3. Radiant Energy – is the energy contained in electromagnetic radiation.

4. Radiant Flux – is the measure of the amount of radiant energy per unit time.

5. Radiant Intensity — is the measure of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation.

1. Salifiable – refers to a substance capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt.

2. Saltpeter – is the common name for the compound potassium nitrate, KNO3.

3. Scalar – is a simple physical quantity that can be described by a single number with a
unit.
4. Sequestrant– is a stabilizer that forms chelates around metal ions to prevent
oxidation of fats.

5. Sigma Bonds – are covalent bonds formed by direct overlapping between two
adjacent atom’s outermost orbitals.

1. Tautomers – are organic compounds that are interconvertible by a chemical reaction

called tautomerization.

2. Technology – is the application of scientific knowledge or engineering designs for

practical purposes.

3. Teratogen – is a chemical that is capable of causing deformities in an embryo

4. Terminal Reaction – is the final chemical reaction in a progression of chemical

reactions.

5. Terminus – refers to the end of a polymer molecule.

1. Unimolecular Reaction – is a chemical reaction involving only one molecule.

2. Unit — is any standard used for comparison in measurements.

3. Unit Cell – is the smallest unit of a crystal, which, if repeated, could generate the
whole crystal.

4. Universal Solvent – is a substance that dissolves most chemicals.

5. Unpaired Electron – is a single electron occupying an orbital by itself.

1. Vacancy – refers to a lattice site that is normally occupied by an atom or ion

which is missing that atom or ion.

2. Val – is an abbreviation for the amino acid Valine.

3. Valence Band – is the highest energy level containing an electron of an atom in

its ground state.

4. Valence Electron – is an electron that is the most likely to be involved in a

chemical reaction.

5. Vicinal – is a term used to describe the location of two identical chemical

groups or atoms which are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms.

1. Water – is a chemical compound consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one

oxygen.

2. Water Gas – is a combustion fuel containing carbon monoxide (CO) and

hydrogen gas (H2).

3. Wavelength – is a property of a wave that is the distance between identical

points between two successive waves.

4. Wax – is a lipid made up of a chain molecule comprised of alkanes or esters

derived from alcohols and fatty acids.

5. Weak Acid d – is an acid that only partially dissociates into ions in an aqueous
solution.
1. Xanthophyll – is a class of carotenoids that are yellow pigments.

2. Xenobiotic – is any chemical that would not normally be found in a living organism or
be expected to be produced by it.

3. Xenon – is an element with an atomic number of 54 and atomic weight of 131.29.

4. X group – ‘X’ is used to denote a halogen in the structural formula of a molecule

(usually organic)

5. X-rays – are light rays with a wavelength from 0.01 to 1.0 nanometers.

1. Yield – In chemistry, yield refers to the quantity of a product obtained from a

chemical reaction.

2. Yield Strength – is the stress required to produce a very slight yet specified
amount of plastic strain.

3. Yocto – is the prefix associated with x10-24 and is denoted by the symbol y.

4. Yotta – is the prefix associated with x1024 and is denoted by the symbol Y.

5. Ytterbium – is element number 70 with an element symbol Yb.

1. Zeolites – are a type of silicate mineral. Zeolites are often used to soften water
by cation exchange.

2. Zepto – is the prefix associated with x10-21 and is denoted by the symbol z.

3. Zetta – is the prefix associated with x1021 and is denoted by the symbol Z.
4. Zincography – is a method of etching zinc plates with a strong acid to produce
a printing plate.

5. Zirconium – is the name for the element with atomic number 40 and is
represented by the symbol Zr.