3 - Palabras Claves IEEE 2020

2020 IEEE
Taxonomy
Version
1.0

Created by
The Institute
of Electrical
and
Electronics
Engineers
(IEEE)
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

IEEE Taxonomy: A Subset Hierarchical Display of IEEE Thesaurus Terms
The IEEE Taxonomy comprises the first three hierarchical 'levels' under each term-family (or
branch) that is formed from the top-most terms of the IEEE Thesaurus. In this document these
term-families are arranged alphabetically and denoted by boldface type. Each term family's
hierarchy goes to no more than three sublevels, denoted by indents (in groups of four dots)
preceding the next level terms. A term can appear in more than one hierarchical branch and
can appear more than once in any particular hierarchy. The IEEE Taxonomy is defined in this
way so that it is always a subset of the 2020 IEEE Thesaurus.
Aerospace and electronic systems ............Guns

............Missiles
....Aerospace control ............Nuclear weapons
........Air traffic control ............Projectiles
........Attitude control ....Radar
........Ground support ........Airborne radar
....Aerospace engineering ........Bistatic radar
........Aerospace biophysics ........Cognitive radar
........Aerospace electronics ........Doppler radar
........Aerospace safety ........Ground penetrating radar
............Air safety ........High frequency radar
........Aerospace simulation ........Laser radar
........Aerospace testing ........Meteorological radar
............Wind tunnels ........Millimeter wave radar
........Artificial satellites ........Multistatic radar
............Earth Observing System ............MIMO radar
............Low earth orbit satellites ........Passive radar
............Military satellites ........Radar applications
............Space stations ............Radar countermeasures
........Space technology ............Radar detection
............Payloads ............Radar imaging
............Space debris ............Radar measurements
............Space exploration ............Radar polarimetry
....Aerospace materials ............Radar remote sensing
........Aerospace components ............Radar tracking
....Aircraft manufacture ........Radar clutter
....Aircraft navigation ........Radar cross-sections
....Aircraft propulsion ........Radar equipment
........Propellers ........Radar theory
....Command and control systems ........Spaceborne radar
....Electronic warfare ........Spread spectrum radar
........Electronic countermeasures ........Synthetic aperture radar
........Jamming ............Inverse synthetic aperture radar
........Radar countermeasures ............Polarimetric synthetic aperture
....Military equipment radar
........Military aircraft ........Ultra wideband radar
............Payloads ....Sensor systems
........Military satellites ........Activity recognition
........Military vehicles ........Gunshot detection systems
........Weapons ....Sonar
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2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Sonar applications ........Receiving antennas

............Sonar detection ........Rectennas
............Sonar measurements ........Reflector antennas
........Sonar equipment ........Satellite antennas
........Synthetic aperture sonar ........Slot antennas
....Telemetry ........Steerable antennas
........Biomedical telemetry ........Transmission line antennas
........Transmitting antennas
Antennas and propagation ........UHF antennas
........Yagi-Uda antennas
....Antennas ....Electromagnetic propagation
........Antenna accessories ........Electromagnetic diffraction
............Radomes ............Optical diffraction
........Antenna arrays ............Physical theory of diffraction
............Adaptive arrays ............X-ray diffraction
............Butler matrices ........Electromagnetic propagation in
............Linear antenna arrays absorbing media
............Log periodic antennas ........Electromagnetic reflection
............Microstrip antenna arrays ............Optical reflection
............Microwave antenna arrays ........Microwave propagation
............Phased arrays ........Millimeter wave propagation
............Planar arrays ........Optical propagation
........Antenna radiation patterns ............Optical surface waves
............Near-field radiation pattern ............Optical waveguides
........Antenna theory ........Propagation constant
............Frequency selective surfaces ........Propagation losses
........Apertures ........Radio propagation
............Aperture antennas ........Radiowave propagation
............Aperture coupled antennas ........Submillimeter wave propagation
........Broadband antennas ........UHF propagation
............Ultra wideband antennas ....Radio astronomy
............Vivaldi antennas
........Dielectric resonator antennas Broadcast technology
........Dipole antennas
........Directional antennas ....Broadcasting
........Directive antennas ........Digital audio broadcasting
........Feeds ............Digital audio players
............Antenna feeds ............Digital Radio Mondiale
........Fractal antennas ........Digital multimedia broadcasting
........Helical antennas ........Digital video broadcasting
........Horn antennas ........Motion pictures
........Leaky wave antennas ........Radio broadcasting
........Loaded antennas ............Frequency modulation
........Log-periodic dipole antennas ............Radio networks
........Microstrip antennas ........Satellite broadcasting
........Microwave antennas ........Web TV
........Mobile antennas
........Multifrequency antennas Circuits and systems
........Omnidirectional antennas
........Patch antennas ....Circuits
........Radar antennas ........Active circuits
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Active inductors ............Analog-digital integrated circuits

............Gyrators ............Application specific integrated
............Operational amplifiers circuits
........Adders ............CMOS integrated circuits
........Analog circuits ............Coprocessors
............Analog integrated circuits ............Current-mode circuits
............Analog processing circuits ............Digital integrated circuits
........Application specific integrated circuits ............FET integrated circuits
............System-on-chip ............Field programmable gate arrays
........Asynchronous circuits ............Hybrid integrated circuits
........Bipolar transistor circuits ............Integrated circuit interconnections
............BiCMOS integrated circuits ............Integrated circuit modeling
............Bipolar integrated circuits ............Integrated circuit noise
........Bistable circuits ............Integrated circuit synthesis
............Latches ............Large scale integration
........Bridge circuits ............MESFET integrated circuits
........Charge pumps ............Microprocessors
........Circuit analysis ............Microwave integrated circuits
............Circuit analysis computing ............Millimeter wave integrated circuits
............Coupled mode analysis ............Monolithic integrated circuits
............Nonlinear network analysis ............Photonic integrated circuits
........Circuit faults ............Power integrated circuits
............Electrical fault detection ............Radiofrequency integrated circuits
........Circuit noise ............Submillimeter wave integrated
............Thermal noise circuits
........Circuit simulation ............Superconducting integrated circuits
........Circuit synthesis ............Thick film circuits
............High level synthesis ............Thin film circuits
............Integrated circuit synthesis ............Three-dimensional integrated
........Coprocessors circuits
........Counting circuits ............Through-silicon vias
........Coupling circuits ............UHF integrated circuits
........Digital circuits ............Ultra large scale integration
............Circuit topology ............Very high speed integrated circuits
............Digital integrated circuits ............Very large scale integration
........Digital signal processors ............Wafer scale integration
........Distributed parameter circuits ........Isolators
........Driver circuits ........Large scale integration
........Electronic circuits ............Ultra large scale integration
............Breadboard ............Very large scale integration
............Central Processing Unit ............Wafer scale integration
............Multivibrators ........Linear circuits
............Stripboard circuit ........Logic arrays
........Equivalent circuits ............Programmable logic arrays
........Feedback ........Logic circuits
............Feedback circuits ............Combinational circuits
............Negative feedback ............Logic arrays
............Neurofeedback ............Programmable logic arrays
........Hybrid integrated circuits ............Superconducting logic circuits
........Integrated circuits ........Magnetic circuits
............Analog integrated circuits ........Microprocessors
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Automatic logic units ............Submillimeter wave integrated

............Biomimetics circuits
............Coprocessors ........Summing circuits
............Microcontrollers ........Switched circuits
............Microprocessor chips ............Switched capacitor circuits
............Vector processors ........Switching circuits
........Microwave circuits ............Choppers (circuits)
........Millimeter wave circuits ............Logic circuits
............Millimeter wave integrated circuits ............Switching converters
........Millimeter wave integrated circuits ............Zero current switching
............MIMICs ............Zero voltage switching
........Monolithic integrated circuits ........Thick film circuits
............MIMICs ........Thin film circuits
............MMICs ........Thyristor circuits
........MOSFET circuits ........Time varying circuits
............CMOSFET circuits ........Trigger circuits
............MOS integrated circuits ........UHF circuits
............Power MOSFET ............UHF integrated circuits
........Multiplying circuits ........UHF integrated circuits
........Neural circuits ........Ultra large scale integration
........Nonlinear circuits ........Very large scale integration
............Nonlinear network analysis ............Neuromorphics
........Passive circuits ............Wafer scale integration
........Phase shifters ........VHF circuits
............Phase transformers ........Voltage multipliers
........Power dissipation ............Capacitors
........Power integrated circuits ............Diodes
........Printed circuits ........Wafer scale integration
............Flexible printed circuits ....Contacts
............Memory modules ........Brushes
........Programmable circuits ........Contact resistance
............Field programmable analog arrays ........Ohmic contacts
............Programmable logic arrays ....Filtering
............Programmable logic devices ........Filters
........Programmable logic arrays ............Active filters
........Programmable logic devices ............Anisotropic
........Pulse circuits ............Bragg gratings
............Flip-flops ............Channel bank filters
........Radiation detector circuits ............Comb filters
........Rail to rail operation ............Digital filters
............Rail to rail amplifiers ............Equalizers
............Rail to rail inputs ............Filtering theory
............Rail to rail outputs ............Gabor filters
........Rectifiers ............Harmonic filters
........RLC circuits ............IIR filters
........Sampled data circuits ............Kalman filters
........Sequential circuits ............Low-pass filters
........Silicon-on-insulator ............Matched filters
............Silicon on sapphire ............Microstrip filters
........Submillimeter wave circuits ............Nonlinear filters
............Notch filters
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Particle filters ........Receivers

............Power filters ............Optical receivers
............Resonator filters ............RAKE receivers
............Spatial filters ............Receiving antennas
............Superconducting filters ........Repeaters
............Transversal filters ........Speech codecs
........Information filtering ........Telephone equipment
............Information filters ............Cellular phones
............Recommender systems ............Landline
....Integrated circuit technology ............Telephone sets
........Beyond CMOS ............Vocoders
........CMOS technology ........Transceivers
............CMOS process ............Radio transceivers
............Silicon on sapphire ........Transmitters
........Moore's Law ............Auxiliary transmitters
....Logic devices ............Diversity methods
........Logic gates ............Neurotransmitters
........Programmable logic devices ............Optical transmitters
....Oscillators ............Radio transmitters
........Digital-controlled oscillators ............Transmitting antennas
........Injection-locked oscillators ........Transponders
........Local oscillators ........TV equipment
........Microwave oscillators ............Large screen displays
........Phase noise ............TV receivers
........Ring oscillators ........Video codecs
........Voltage-controlled oscillators ........Video equipment
....Single electron devices ............Optical projectors
........Single electron memory ............Video codecs
............Hetero-nanocrystal memory ............Videos
........Single electron transistors ........Vocoders
....Tunable circuits and devices ....Communication switching
........RLC circuits ........Code division multiplexing
........Tuned circuits ........Electronic switching systems
........Frame relay
Communications technology ........Handover
........Multiprotocol label switching
....Communication equipment ........Packet switching
........Auditory displays ............Burst switching
........Codecs ............Frame relay
............Speech codecs ............Multiprotocol label switching
............Video codecs ............Packet loss
........Modems ....Communication systems
........On board unit ........ARPANET
........Optical communication equipment ........Biomedical communication
............Optical transmitters ............Biomedical telemetry
........Radio communication equipment ............Telemedicine
............Base stations ........Broadband communication
............Ham radios ............B-ISDN
............Land mobile radio equipment ............Broadband amplifiers
............Radio transceivers ........Communication networks
............Transponders ............Central office
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Cyberspace ............Asynchronous communication

............Industrial communication ............Asynchronous transfer mode
............Radio access technologies ............Data buses
............Relay networks ............Data transfer
(telecommunications) ............Telecommunication buffers
........Communication system control ............Telemetry
............Telecommunication control ............Teleprinting
........Communication system security ............Visible light communication
............Denial-of-service attack ........Device-to-device communication
............Quantum key distribution ........Digital communication
............Radio communication ............Baseband
countermeasures ............DICOM
........Communication system signaling ............Digital audio broadcasting
............Received signal strength indicator ............Digital images
........Communication system software ............Digital multimedia broadcasting
............Streaming media ............Digital video broadcasting
........Communication system traffic ............DSL
........Communication system traffic control ............ISDN
........Computer networks ............Passband
............Ad hoc networks ............Portable media players
............Computer network management ............SONET
............Content distribution networks ............Spread spectrum communication
............Cyberspace ........Facsimile
............Diffserv networks ........FDDI
............Domain Name System ........Indoor communication
............Ethernet ............Indoor environment
............Google ........Internet
............Heterogeneous networks ............Bot (Internet)
............Internet ............Botnet
............Intserv networks ............Cloud computing
............IP networks ............Crowdsourcing
............Metropolitan area networks ............Energy Internet
............Multiprocessor interconnection ............Instant messaging
networks ............Internet of Things
............Network function virtualization ............Internet security
............Network security ............Internet telephony
............Network servers ............Internet topology
............Next generation networking ............Linked data
............Overlay networks ............Middleboxes
............Peer-to-peer computing ............Semantic Web
............Software defined networking ............Social computing
............Storage area networks ............Web 2.0
............Token networks ............Web services
............Unicast ........IP networks
............Virtual private networks ............TCPIP
............Wide area networks ........ISDN
............Wireless access points ............B-ISDN
........Cross layer design ........Local area networks
........Data buses ............Wireless LAN
............Backplanes ........Low latency communication
........Data communication
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Ultra reliable low latency ........NOMA

communication ........Optical fiber communication
........Machine-to-machine communications ............FDDI
............Massive machine type ............Free-space optical communication
communications ............Optical buffering
........Magnetic communication ............Optical fiber networks
........Metropolitan area networks ............Optical fiber subscriber loops
........Microwave communication ............Optical interconnections
............Rectennas ............Optical packet switching
........Military communication ............Optical wavelength conversion
............Reconnaissance ............Scheduling algorithms
........MIMO communication ............SONET
............Massive MIMO ............Visible light communication
............Rician channels ........Personal communication networks
........MISO communication ........Protocols
........Mobile communication ............Access protocols
............3G mobile communication ............Asynchronous transfer mode
............4G mobile communication ............Consensus protocol
............5G mobile communication ............Cryptographic protocols
............6G mobile communication ............Master-slave
............Ambient networks ............Multicast protocols
............Cellular technology ............Multiprotocol label switching
............Dual band ............Proof of work
............Land mobile radio ............Routing protocols
............Location awareness ............Smart contracts
............Mobile learning ............Transport protocols
............Mobile nodes ............Wireless application protocol
............Mobile security ............Zero knowledge proof
............Mobile video ........Quality of experience
............Software radio ........Quality of service
............Ultra-dense networks ............Admission control
........Molecular communication ........Quantum communication
(telecommunication) ........Radio communication
........Multiaccess communication ............Baseband
............Access charges ............Bluetooth
............Direct-sequence code-division ............Cellular technology
multiple access ............Indoor radio communication
............Frequency division multiaccess ............Land mobile radio
............Multicarrier code division multiple ............Millimeter wave communication
access ............Near field communication
............Subscriber loops ............Packet radio networks
............Time division multiple access ............Passband
............Time division synchronous code ............Personal area networks
division multiple access ............Radio broadcasting
............Zero correlation zone ............Radio communication
........Multicast communication countermeasures
............Multicast VPN ............Radio frequency
........Multimedia communication ............Radio links
........Nanocommunication ............Radio spectrum management
(telecommunication) ............Satellite communication
........Narrowband ............Satellite ground stations
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Software radio ............Cognitive radio

............Zigbee ............Cooperative communication
........Regional area networks ............Dedicated short range
............WRAN communication
........Routing ............GSM
............Wavelength routing ............Open wireless architecture
........Satellite communication ............Point-to-multipoint communications
............Downlink ............Roaming
............Satellite broadcasting ............Smart devices
............Satellite ground stations ............Spatial diversity
............Uplink ............WiMAX
........Satellite ground stations ............Wireless access points
........SIMO communication ............Wireless application protocol
........SISO communication ............Wireless networks
........Spatial diversity ............WRAN
........Submillimeter wave communication ........Wireless mesh networks
........Subscriber loops ........Wireless sensor networks
........Switching systems ............Body sensor networks
............Electronic switching systems ............Event detection
............Switching frequency ....Couplers
............Switching loss ........Directional couplers
............Telecommunication switching ....High-speed electronics
........Synchronous digital hierarchy ........High-speed integrated circuits
........Telecommunications ........High-speed networks
............Ambient intelligence ........Ultrafast electronics
............Feedback communications ....Image communication
............IP networks ........Facsimile
............Radio access networks ........Picture archiving and communication
............Railway communication systems
............Space communications ....Information and communication
............Telecommunication computing technology
............Telecommunication network ........Ambient assisted living
topology ....Message systems
............Telecommunication services ........Electronic mail
............Telematics ............Unified messaging
........Teleconferencing ............Unsolicited e-mail
........Telegraphy ........Electronic messaging
........Telephony ............Instant messaging
........Teleprinting ............Unified messaging
........Teletext ........Postal services
........Token networks ........Publish subscribe systems
........UHF communication ........Voice mail
........Underwater communication ....Modulation
........Vehicle-to-everything ........Amplitude modulation
............Vehicle-to-infrastructure ............Amplitude shift keying
........Videophone systems ............Quadrature amplitude modulation
........Videotex ........Chirp modulation
........Visual communication ........Demodulation
........Wide area networks ........Digital modulation
........Wideband ............Constellation diagram
........Wireless communication ............Partial response signaling
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Frequency modulation ........Three-dimensional television

............Frequency shift keying ........Web TV
........Magnetic modulators ....UHF technology
........Modulation coding ........UHF antennas
............Interleaved codes ........UHF circuits
........Optical modulation ............UHF integrated circuits
............Electrooptic modulators ........UHF communication
............Intensity modulation ........UHF devices
........Phase modulation ........UHF integrated circuits
............Continuous phase modulation ....Ultra wideband technology
............Differential phase shift keying ........Ultra wideband antennas
............Phase shift keying ........Ultra wideband communication
........Pulse modulation ........Ultra wideband radar
........Pulse width modulation ....VHF devices
............Pulse width modulation inverters
............Space vector pulse width Components, packaging, and
modulation manufacturing technology
....Multiplexing
........Code division multiplexing ....Component architectures
........Demultiplexing ....Electronic components
........Frequency division multiplexing ........Capacitors
........Multiplexing equipment ............Power capacitors
............Add-drop multiplexers ............Varactors
........OFDM ........Coils
............Multiple access interference ............Superconducting coils
............OFDM modulation ........Connectors
............Partial transmit sequences ............Plugs
............Peak to average power ratio ............Sockets
........Space division multiplexing ........Diodes
........Time division multiplexing ............Diode lasers
........Wavelength division multiplexing ........Electrodes
............WDM networks ............Anodes
....Network topology ............Cathodes
........Complex networks ............Microelectrodes
........Computer network reliability ........Fuses
........Network architecture ........Inductors
............Active networking ............Active inductors
............Information-centric networking ............Thick film inductors
............Network function virtualization ............Thin film inductors
............Network slicing ........Resistors
....Presence network agents ............Memristors
....TV ............Switched capacitor networks
........Analog TV ............Varistors
........Cable TV ........Structural plates
............Must-carry ........Switches
........Color TV ............Contactors
........Digital TV ............Microswitches
............HDTV ............Optical switches
............IPTV ........Transducers
........Mobile TV ............Acoustic transducers
........Smart TV ............Biomedical transducers
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Capacitive transducers ............Expert systems

............Chemical transducers ............Mobile agents
............Inductive transducers ........Knowledge engineering
............Piezoelectric transducers ............Inference mechanisms
............Resistive transducers ............Knowledge acquisition
............Ultrasonic transducer arrays ............Knowledge discovery
....Electronic equipment manufacture ............Knowledge representation
........Damascene integration ........Learning (artificial intelligence)
........Micromachining ............Distance learning
........Radiation hardening (electronics) ............Electronic learning
........Semiconductor device manufacture ............Nearest neighbor methods
............Diffusion processes ........Learning systems
............Flip-chip devices ............Backpropagation
............High-k gate dielectrics ............Cognitive systems
............Physical unclonable function ............Learning automata
............Quasi-doping ............Learning management systems
............Semiconductor device doping ............Semisupervised learning
............Semiconductor epitaxial layers ............Supervised learning
............Semiconductor growth ............Unsupervised learning
............Silicidation ........Machine learning
............Wafer bonding ............Adversarial machine learning
....Electronics packaging ............Boosting
........Chip scale packaging ............Deep learning
....Environmentally friendly manufacturing ............Dimensionality reduction
techniques ............Random forests
....Integrated circuit manufacture ............Reinforcement learning
........Surface-mount technology ............Robot learning
....Integrated circuit packaging ............Statistical learning
........Multichip modules ........Prediction methods
........Plastic integrated circuit packaging ............Linear predictive coding
....Semiconductor device packaging ............Predictive coding
....Thermal management of electronics ............Predictive encoding
........Electronic packaging thermal ............Predictive models
management ........Virtual artifact
........Electronics cooling ....Autonomous mental development
....Computational intelligence
Computational and artificial intelligence ........Computation theory
............Computational complexity
....Artificial intelligence ............Concurrent computing
........Affective computing ............Greedy algorithms
........Autonomous robots ............Support vector machines
........Bio-inspired computing ........Evolutionary computation
........Cognitive systems ............Evolutionary robotics
........Context awareness ............Particle swarm optimization
........Cooperative systems ........Fuzzy systems
........Decision support systems ............Fuzzy control
........Intelligent systems ............Fuzzy neural networks
............Autonomous systems ............Hybrid intelligent systems
............Collective intelligence ........Genetic algorithms
............Intelligent robots ....Logic
........Knowledge based systems ........Fuzzy logic
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Fuzzy cognitive maps ........Physics computing

............Takagi-Sugeno model ........Power engineering computing
........Multivalued logic ........Power system analysis computing
........Probabilistic logic ........Publishing
........Sufficient conditions ............Bibliometrics
....Machine intelligence ............Company reports
........Pattern analysis ............Desktop publishing
....Neural networks ............Electronic publishing
........Artificial neural networks ............Journalism
............Convolutional neural networks ............Open Access
............Hebbian theory ............Scientific publishing
............Self-organizing feature maps ........Scientific computing
........Biological neural networks ........Telecommunication computing
........Cellular neural networks ............Internetworking
........Feedforward neural networks ............Soft switching
............Multilayer perceptrons ........Virtual enterprises
........Multi-layer neural network ........Virtual manufacturing
........Neural network hardware ............Virtual machining
........Radial basis function networks ........Web sites
........Recurrent neural networks ............Facebook
............Hopfield neural networks ............MySpace
............Uniform resource locators
Computers and information processing ............Web design
............YouTube
....Approximate computing ........World Wide Web
....Computer applications ............Bot (Internet)
........Application virtualization ............Mashups
............Edge computing ....Computer architecture
........Big Data applications ........Accelerator architectures
........Blockchain ........Data structures
............Consensus protocol ............Arrays
........Bot (Internet) ............Binary decision diagrams
........Computer aided analysis ............Null value
........Computer aided engineering ............Octrees
........Computer aided instruction ............Persistent identifiers
............Learning management systems ............Table lookup
........Computer generated music ............Tree data structures
........Computer integrated manufacturing ........Dynamic voltage scaling
........Control engineering computing ........Memory architecture
........Green computing ........Memory management
........High energy physics instrumentation ........Multiprocessor interconnection
computing ............Hypercubes
............Linear particle accelerator ........Parallel architectures
........Knowledge management ............Multicore processing
............Knowledge transfer ........Reconfigurable architectures
........Mathematics computing ....Computer interfaces
............Matlab ........Application programming interfaces
........Medical information systems ............Restful API
............Electronic medical records ............WebRTC
........Military computing ........Browsers
........Mobile applications ........Computer ports
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Field buses ............Web 2.0

........Firewire ............Web services
........Haptic interfaces ........Intserv networks
............Data gloves ........IP networks
............Force feedback ............TCPIP
............Grasping ........Metropolitan area networks
............Tactile Internet ........Multiprocessor interconnection
........Hypertext systems networks
........Input devices ........Network function virtualization
........Interface phenomena ............Cloud radio access networks
............Network interfaces ........Network security
........Interface states ............Network reconnaissance
........Musical instrument digital interfaces ........Network servers
........System buses ........Next generation networking
....Computer networks ........Overlay networks
........Ad hoc networks ........Peer-to-peer computing
............AODV ........Software defined networking
............Mesh networks ........Storage area networks
............Mobile ad hoc networks ........Token networks
............Vehicular ad hoc networks ........Unicast
........Computer network management ........Virtual private networks
............Computer network reliability ............Extranets
............Disruption tolerant networking ........Wide area networks
............Management information base ........Wireless access points
............Middleboxes ....Computer performance
............Network address translation ........Computer errors
............Network synthesis ............Computer crashes
........Content distribution networks ........Hardware acceleration
........Cyberspace ........Performance loss
........Diffserv networks ....Computer peripherals
........Domain Name System ........Disk drives
........Ethernet ........Keyboards
............Energy efficient ethernet ........Modems
............EPON ........Printers
........Google ............Laser printers
........Heterogeneous networks ....Computer science
........Internet ........Computational neuroscience
............Bot (Internet) ........Formal languages
............Botnet ............Computer languages
............Cloud computing ............Runtime library
............Crowdsourcing ........Network theory (graphs)
............Energy Internet ........Programming
............Instant messaging ............Augmented reality
............Internet of Things ............Automatic programming
............Internet security ............Concatenated codes
............Internet telephony ............Functional programming
............Internet topology ............Granular computing
............Linked data ............Integer linear programming
............Middleboxes ............Logic programming
............Semantic Web ............Microprogramming
............Social computing ............Object oriented methods
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Object oriented programming ....Concurrency control

............Opportunistic software systems ........Processor scheduling
development ............Scheduling algorithms
............Parallel programming ....Data systems
............Performance analysis ........Data acquisition
............Programming profession ............Fastbus
............Robot programming ............User-generated content
....Computer security ........Data centers
........Application security ............Data center power
........Authentication ........Data compression
............Multi-factor authentication ............Adaptive coding
........Cloud computing security ............Audio compression
........Computer crime ............Huffman coding
............Counterfeiting ............Source coding
............Cyber terrorism ............Test data compression
............Cyberattack ............Transform coding
............SQL injection ........Data conversion
........Computer hacking ............Analog-digital conversion
........Countermeasures (computer) ............Digital-analog conversion
........Cross-site scripting ........Data engineering
........Cyber espionage ........Data handling
........Cyber warfare ............Data assimilation
........Cyberattack ............Data dissemination
........Data integrity ............Data encapsulation
........Denial-of-service attack ............Data integrity
............Distributed denial-of-service attack ............Document handling
........Firewalls (computing) ............Merging
........Honey pot (computing) ............Sorting
........Identity management systems ........Data processing
........Internet security ............Associative processing
........Mobile security ............Business data processing
........Password ............Data analysis
........Penetration testing ............Data collection
........Permission ............Data integration
........Phishing ............Data preprocessing
........Proof of work ............Data transfer
....Computers ............Information exchange
........Analog computers ............Spreadsheet programs
........Calculators ............Text processing
............Difference engines ............Virtual enterprises
........Digital computers ........Data storage systems
............Mainframes ............Triples (Data structure)
........Microcomputers ........Data warehouses
............Portable computers ....Database machines
............Workstations ....Digital systems
........Parallel machines ........Digital preservation
........Supercomputers ........Digital storage
............Exascale computing ............Solid state drives
........Tablet computers ........Digital transformation
........Wearable computers ........Internet
............Smart glasses ............Bot (Internet)
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Botnet ............Social computing

............Cloud computing ............Web 2.0
............Crowdsourcing ............Web services
............Energy Internet ........Metacomputing
............Instant messaging ............Grid computing
............Internet of Things ........Peer-to-peer computing
............Internet security ....DNA computing
............Internet telephony ....File servers
............Internet topology ....Hardware
............Linked data ........Hardware acceleration
............Middleboxes ........Input devices
............Semantic Web ........Open source hardware
............Social computing ........Reconfigurable devices
............Web 2.0 ........Wireless access points
............Web services ....High performance computing
........ISDN ........Exascale computing
............B-ISDN ....Image processing
........Local area networks ........Active shape model
............Wireless LAN ........Blob detection
........Metropolitan area networks ........Corner detection
........Token networks ........Feature detection
........Virtual artifact ........Feature extraction
....Distributed computing ........Fiducial markers
........Client-server systems ........Geophysical image processing
............Middleware ........Gray-scale
............Servers ........Image analysis
........Cluster computing ............Image classification
........Collaborative work ............Image motion analysis
............Collaborative intelligence ............Image quality
............Cooperative communication ............Image sequence analysis
............Crowdsourcing ............Image texture analysis
............Social computing ............Object detection
........Diffserv networks ............Subtraction techniques
........Distributed databases ........Image annotation
........Distributed information systems ........Image capture
............Distributed management ........Image coding
............Publish-subscribe ........Image color analysis
........Internet ........Image decomposition
............Bot (Internet) ........Image denoising
............Botnet ........Image enhancement
............Cloud computing ........Image filtering
............Crowdsourcing ........Image fusion
............Energy Internet ........Image recognition
............Instant messaging ............Image edge detection
............Internet of Things ........Image reconstruction
............Internet security ........Image registration
............Internet telephony ........Image representation
............Internet topology ............Digital representation
............Linked data ........Image resolution
............Middleboxes ............High-resolution imaging
............Semantic Web ............Spatial resolution
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Superresolution ............Shift registers

........Image restoration ........Scanning probe data storage
........Image sampling ........Semiconductor memory
........Image segmentation ............Integrated memory circuits
........Image segmentaton ....Mobile computing
............Thresholding (Imaging) ........Wireless access points
........Image sequences ....Molecular computing
........Image synthesis ....Multitasking
............Human image synthesis ........Parametric study
........Image texture ....Open systems
........Machine vision ........Open Access
............Object recognition ............Public domain software
............Object segmentation ........Open Educational Resources
........Morphological operations ........Physical layer
........Optical feedback ............Physical layer security
........Saliency detection ....Optical computing
........Smart pixels ....Parallel processing
........Spatial coherence ........Multiprocessing systems
........Structure from motion ............Data flow computing
........Table lookup ............Processor scheduling
....Memory ............Systolic arrays
........Analog memory ........Multithreading
........Associative memory ........Parallel algorithms
........Buffer storage ........Pipeline processing
............Computer buffers ....Pattern recognition
........Cache memory ........Active shape model
............Cache storage ........Activity recognition
........Content addressable storage ........Character recognition
........Flash memories ........Clustering methods
............Flash memory cells ............Pattern clustering
........Magnetic memory ........Data mining
............Floppy disks ............Anomaly detection
............Hard disks ............Association rules
........Memory management ............Data privacy
........Nonvolatile memory ............Text analysis
............Nonvolatile single electron memory ............Text mining
........Phase change memory ............Web mining
............Phase change random access ........Face recognition
memory ........Fingerprint recognition
........Random access memory ........Gesture recognition
............DRAM chips ............Sign language
............Phase change random access ........Handwriting recognition
memory ............Forgery
............Resistive RAM ........Nearest neighbor methods
............SDRAM ........Pattern matching
............SRAM cells ............Image matching
............SRAM chips ........Speech recognition
........Read only memory ............Automatic speech recognition
............PROM ............Speech analysis
........Read-write memory ........Text recognition
........Registers ....Pervasive computing
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Ubiquitous computing ........Software safety

............Context-aware services ........Software systems
........Wearable computers ........Software tools
............Smart glasses ............Authoring systems
....Petascale computing ........System software
....Platform virtualization ............File systems
....Probabilistic computing ............Operating systems
....Probability computing ............Program processors
....Quantum computing ............Utility programs
........Quantum cellular automata ....Software engineering
........Qubit ........Capability maturity model
....Real-time systems ........Computer aided software engineering
........Telexistence ........Formal verification
........WebRTC ........Programming environments
....Software ........Reasoning about programs
........Anti-virus software ........Release engineering
........Application software ........Runtime
........Embedded software ............Dynamic compiler
........Malware ............Runtime environment
............Computer viruses ........Software architecture
............Computer worms ............Client-server systems
............Ransomware ............Dew computing
............Rootkit ............Microarchitecture
............Trojan horses ............Representational state transfer
........Middleware ............Restful API
............Mediation ........Software libraries
............Message-oriented middleware ........Software product lines
............Web services ....System recovery
........Open source software ........Checkpointing
........Optical character recognition software ........Core dumps
........Privacy-invasive software ........Debugging
............Spyware ....Time sharing computer systems
........Public domain software ....Virtual machine monitors
............Python
............R language Consumer electronics
........Software agents
............Agent-based modeling ....Ambient intelligence
............Autonomous agents ....Audio systems
............Botnet ........3D audio
............Intelligent agents ........Audio tapes
........Software as a service ........Audio-visual systems
........Software debugging ........Auditory displays
............Software design ........Headphones
........Software maintenance ........Immersive audio
........Software packages ........Loudspeakers
............EMTDC ........Microphones
............PSCAD ............Microphone arrays
............SPICE ........Pitch control (audio)
........Software performance ........Portable media players
........Software quality ........Sonification
........Software reusability ........Video description
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

....Home automation ............Interrupters

........Portable media players ............Relays
........Refrigerators ........Telecontrol equipment
........Smart homes ........Thermostats
........Washing machines ....Control system synthesis
....Home computing ....Controllability
....Low-power electronics ....Cruise control
....Microwave ovens ....Decentralized control
....Multimedia systems ........Distributed parameter systems
........Multimedia communication ....Delay systems
........Multimedia computing ........Added delay
........Multimedia databases ........Delay lines
....Digital control
Control systems ........Programmable control
............Flow graphs
....Automatic control ....Fault tolerant control
........Power generation control ....Feedback
....Automatic generation control ........Feedback circuits
....Autopilot ............Output feedback
....Bidirectional control ........Negative feedback
....Block signalling ........Neurofeedback
....Brakes ....Feedback linearization
....CAMAC ....Fluid flow control
....Centralized control ....Fluidics
....Closed loop systems ........Microfluidics
....Control design ........Nanofluidics
....Control engineering ....Gaze tracking
........Control system security ........Electrooculography
............Physical unclonable function ....Homeostasis
....Control equipment ....Linear feedback control systems
........Actuators ........Frequency locked loops
............Dielectric elastomer actuators ........Phase locked loops
............Electrostatic actuators ........State feedback
............Electrothermal actuators ........Tracking loops
............Hydraulic actuators ....Magnetic variables control
............Intelligent actuators ....Mechanical variables control
............Microactuators ........Displacement control
............Piezoelectric actuators ........Force control
............Pneumatic actuators ........Level control
........Fasteners ............Gyroscopes
........Microcontrollers ........Motion control
........Regulators ............Collision avoidance
........Remote control ............Collision mitigation
........Servosystems ............Kinetic theory
............Servomotors ............Motion planning
........Switches ............Path planning
............Contactors ............Visual servoing
............Microswitches ........Pitch control (position)
............Optical switches ........Position control
........Switchgear ............Nanopositioning
............Circuit breakers ........Shape control
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Size control ............High-k gate dielectrics

........Strain control ........Dielectric devices
........Stress control ............Capacitors
........Thickness control ............Ferroelectric devices
........Torque control ............Piezoelectric devices
........Velocity control ............Pyroelectric devices
............Angular velocity control ........Dielectric losses
........Vibration control ........Dielectric substrates
........Weight control ........Dielectrophoresis
....Medical control systems ........Electrohydrodynamics
....Moisture control ........Electrokinetics
........Humidity control ........Electrostriction
....Motion compensation ....Electric breakdown
....Networked control systems ........Avalanche breakdown
....Nonlinear control systems ........Corona
....Open loop systems ........Dielectric breakdown
....Optical control ............Arc discharges
........Lighting control ............Discharges (electric)
........Optical variables control ............Electrostatic discharges
....Optimal control ............Flashover
........Bang-bang control ............Glow discharges
........Infinite horizon ............Partial discharges
....PD control ............Surface discharges
....PI control ............Vacuum breakdown
....Pneumatic systems ........Sparks
....Positive train control ....Insulation
....Pressure control ........Cable insulation
....Proportional control ............Power cable insulation
....Radio control ........Ceramics
....Robot control ............Bioceramics
........Robot motion ............Porcelain
....SCADA systems ........Gas insulation
....Sensorless control ............Sulfur hexafluoride
....Sliding mode control ........Insulators
....Supervisory control ............Metal-insulator structures
........SCADA systems ............Plastic insulators
....Thermal variables control ............Rubber
........HVAC ............Topological insulators
........Temperature control ............Trees - insulation
............Cooling ........Isolation technology
............Heating systems ........Oil insulation
........Thermal analysis ............Oil filled cables
............Thermomechanical processes ........Plastic insulation
....Traffic control
........Queueing analysis Education
........Vehicle routing
....Adaptive learning
Dielectrics and electrical insulation ....Career development
........Continuing education
....Dielectrics ........Jobs listings
........Dielectric constant ........Mentoring
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

....Education courses ............Delay effects

........Curriculum development ............Electromagnetic fields
........Open Educational Resources ............Electromagnetic forces
....Educational institutions ............Electromagnetic refraction
....Educational programs ............Permeability
........Accreditation ............Spark gaps
........Continuing education ............Time-domain analysis
........Pre-college engineering ........Electromagnetic coupling
........Scholarships ............Mutual coupling
........Self-study courses ............Optical coupling
........Seminars ........Electromagnetic devices
............Webinars ............Baluns
........STEM ........Electromagnetic induction
........Tutorials ............Eddy currents
....Educational technology ............Inductive power transmission
........Computer aided instruction ........Electromagnetic metamaterials
............Learning management systems ............Terahertz metamaterials
........Courseware ........Electromagnetic radiation
........Electronic learning ............Bremsstrahlung
............Mobile learning ............Correlators
....Engineering education ............Electromagnetic wave absorption
........Biomedical engineering education ............Frequency
........Communication engineering education ............Gamma-rays
........Computer science education ............Line-of-sight propagation
........Control engineering education ........Electromagnetic shielding
........Electrical engineering education ............Cable shielding
............Electronics engineering education ............Magnetic shielding
........Engineering students ........Electromagnetic transients
........Physics education ............EMP radiation effects
........Power engineering education ............EMTDC
........Student experiments ............EMTP
........Systems engineering education ............Power system transients
....Training ............Surges
........Certification ........Proximity effects
........Industrial training ....Interference
........Management training ........Clutter
........On the job training ........Crosstalk
........Qualifications ........Diffraction
........Vocational training ........Echo interference
........Electromagnetic interference
Electromagnetic compatibility and ............Radiofrequency interference
interference ............Specific absorption rate
........Electromagnetic radiative interference
....Electromagnetic compatibility ........Electrostatic interference
........Immunity testing ............Immunity testing
........Reverberation chambers ........Interchannel interference
....Electromagnetics ........Interference cancellation
........Electromagnetic analysis ........Interference channels
............Air gaps ........Interference constraints
............Characteristic mode analysis ........Interference elimination
............Computational electromagnetics ........Interference suppression
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Intersymbol interference ............Heterojunctions

........Rain fading ............Hybrid junctions
........Terrain factors ............P-n junctions
........TV interference ............Waveguide junctions
........MIS devices
Electron devices ............Charge coupled devices
............MOS devices
....Cathode ray tubes ........MONOS devices
....Electron guns ........Piezoresistive devices
....Electron multipliers ........P-i-n diodes
....Electron tubes ........Power semiconductor devices
........Field emitter arrays ............Power transistors
........Klystrons ........Power semiconductor switches
........Magnetrons ............Bipolar transistors
........Thyratrons ............Thyristors
........Traveling wave tubes ........Quantum dots
....Mechatronics ........Quantum well lasers
........Biomechatronics ............Quantum cascade lasers
....Microelectromechanical systems ........Schottky diodes
........Microelectromechanical devices ........Semiconductor counters
............Microactuators ........Semiconductor detectors
............Micromotors ........Semiconductor device modeling
............Micropumps ........Semiconductor device noise
............Microvalves ........Semiconductor diodes
........Radiofrequency ............P-i-n diodes
microelectromechanical systems ............Schottky diodes
....Microfluidics ............Semiconductor-metal interfaces
....Micromechanical devices ............Superluminescent diodes
........Biomedical microelectromechanical ............Varactors
systems ........Semiconductor lasers
........Fluidic microsystems ............Laser tuning
........Microfabrication ............Quantum dot lasers
....Photoelectricity ............Quantum well lasers
........Photovoltaic effects ............Semiconductor laser arrays
............Shunts (electrical) ............Semiconductor optical amplifiers
....Photovoltaic cells ............Surface emitting lasers
........Light trapping ........Semiconductor waveguides
....Quantum computing ........Semiconductor-insulator interfaces
........Quantum cellular automata ........Silicon devices
........Qubit ........SONOS devices
....Quantum well devices ........Superluminescent diodes
........Quantum well lasers ........Surface emitting lasers
............Quantum cascade lasers ............Vertical cavity surface emitting
........Quantum wells lasers
........Two dimensional hole gas ........Thermistors
....Semiconductivity ........Transistors
....Semiconductor devices ............Field effect transistors
........Flip-chip devices ............Heterojunction bipolar transistors
........Gunn devices ............Millimeter wave transistors
........Hall effect devices ............Phototransistors
........Junctions ............Static induction transistors
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

....Single electron devices ........Green design

........Single electron memory ............Ecodesign
............Hetero-nanocrystal memory ............Green computing
........Single electron transistors ........Integrated design
....Thick film devices ........Process design
........Thick film inductors ............Pattern formation
....Thin film devices ............Process modeling
........Film bulk acoustic resonators ........Product design
........Thin film inductors ........Prototypes
........Thin film transistors ............Breadboard
............Organic thin film transistors ............Rapid prototyping
....Tunneling ........Technical drawing
........Gate leakage ........Time to market
........Josephson effect ........User centered design
........Magnetic tunneling ........Virtual prototyping
........Resonant tunneling devices
........Superconductive tunneling Engineering – general
........Tunneling magnetoresistance
....Vacuum technology ....Acoustical engineering
........Photomultipliers ....Agricultural engineering
........Vacuum electronics ....Bio-inspired engineering
........Vacuum systems ........Bio-inspired computing
............Gettering ........Bio-inspired control
....Chemical engineering
Electronic design automation and ....Civil engineering
methodology ........Geotechnical structures
............Dams
....Design automation ........Railway engineering
........CADCAM ............Railway safety
........Logic design ........Structural engineering
............Reconfigurable logic ............Offshore installations
........PSCAD ....Concurrent engineering
....Design methodology ....Design engineering
........Design for disassembly ........Design tools
........Design for experiments ....Electrical engineering
........Design for manufacture ........Electrical engineering computing
........Design for quality ....Engineering profession
........Design for testability ........Professional aspects
........Design standards ....Environmental engineering
........Design tools ....Maintenance engineering
........Graphics ........Maintenance management
............Animation ........Predictive maintenance
............Art ........Preventive maintenance
............Character generation ............Condition monitoring
............Computer graphics ........Systems support
............Engineering drawings ....Mechanical engineering
............Layout ........Mechanical power transmission
............Shape ............Torque converters
............Symbols ........Mechanical systems
............Virtual reality ............Mechanical energy
............Visualization ............Micromechanical devices
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Suspensions (mechanical systems) ........Biological systems

....Morphogenetic engineering ............Anatomy
....Optical engineering ............Molecular communication
....Precision engineering (telecommunication)
....Production engineering ............Organisms
........Production planning ........Biology computing
............Capacity planning ........Biophotonics
............Materials requirements planning ........Biophysics
............Process planning ............Aerospace biophysics
....Research and development ............Biomagnetics
........Translational research ............Cellular biophysics
....Reverse engineering ............Molecular biophysics
....Sanitary engineering ........Cryobiology
....Standardization ........Evolution (biology)
........Formal specifications ............Memetics
........Guidelines ............Phylogeny
........Standards ........Genetics
............Standards categories ............DNA
............Standards organizations ............Gene therapy
............Standards publications ............Genetic communication
....Thermal engineering ............Genetic expression
............Genetic programming
Engineering in medicine and biology ............Genomics
........Homeostasis
....Biology ........Mechanobiology
........Biochemistry ........Microbiology
............Amino acids ............Electroporation
............Biochemical analysis ........Microinjection
............Peptides ........Nanobioscience
............Proteins ............DNA computing
............Receptor (biochemistry) ............Nanobiotechnology
........Biodiversity ........Physiology
............Biogeography ............Action potentials
........Bioelectric phenomena ............External stimuli
............Electric shock ............Neuromodulation
........Biological cells ........Predator prey systems
............Cell signaling ........Synthetic biology
............Cells (biology) ........Systematics
............Chromosome mapping ........Systems biology
............Fibroblasts ........Vegetation
............RNA ............Crops
............Stem cells ............Marine vegetation
........Biological information theory ........Zoology
........Biological processes ............Animals
............Biological interactions ....Biomedical communication
............Chronobiology ........Biomedical telemetry
............Circadian rhythm ........Telemedicine
............Coagulation ....Biomedical computing
............Molecular biology ........Bioinformatics
............Symbiosis ............Neuroinformatics
........Biological system modeling ........Medical expert systems
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Medical information systems ............Laparoscopes

............Electronic medical records ....Biomedical imaging
....Biomedical engineering ........Angiocardiography
........Bioimpedance ........Angiography
........Biological techniques ........Biomedical optical imaging
........Biomedical applications of radiation ........Cardiography
........Biomedical electronics ............Echocardiography
........Biomedical signal processing ............Electrocardiography
............Biomedical image processing ............Phonocardiography
........Biotechnology ........DICOM
........Cloning ........Elastography
........Drug delivery ........Encephalography
............Targeted drug delivery ........Mammography
........Neural engineering ........Medical diagnostic imaging
............Neural circuits ............Anatomical structure
............Neural microtechnology ........Molecular imaging
............Neural nanotechnology ........Phantoms
............Neural prosthesis ........Photoacoustic imaging
........Protein engineering ....Bionanotechnology
........Tissue engineering ....Bioterrorism
............Regeneration engineering ....Computational biology
........Translational research ........Computational biochemistry
....Biomedical equipment ........Computational biophysics
........Assistive technology ........Computational systems biology
............Assistive devices ....Genetic engineering
............Closed captioning ....Medical services
............Video description ........Assisted living
............Wheelchairs ............Ambient assisted living
........Biomedical electrodes ........Catheterization
........Biomedical telemetry ........Clinical diagnosis
........Biomedical transducers ............Clinical neuroscience
........Catheters ........Cybercare
........Cybercare ........Electronic healthcare
........Endoscopes ........Health information management
............Endomicroscopy ........Hospitals
........Gerontechnology ........In vitro
........Hypodermic needles ............In vitro fertilization
........Implants ........In vivo
............Auditory implants ........Medical conditions
............Brainstem implants ............Aneurysm
............Cochlear implants ............Atrophy
............Microelectronic implants ............Autism
............Neural implants ............Blindness
........Intracranial pressure sensors ............Cataracts
........Lithotriptors ............Deafness
........Medical devices ............Depression
........Medical instruments ............Diabetes
........Pacemakers ............Diseases
........Pulse oximeter ............Hemorrhaging
........Stethoscope ............Hypertension
........Surgical instruments ............Hyperthermia
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Injuries ............Patient rehabilitation

............Kidney stones ............Pharmaceuticals
............Obesity ............Precision medicine
............Paralysis ............Proton therapy
............Pregnancy ............Surgery
............Sleep apnea ........Occupational medicine
............Stroke (medical condition) ........Point of care
............Thrombosis ........Prosthetics
............Tumors ............Artificial biological organs
........Medical diagnosis ............Artificial limbs
............Autopsy ............Prosthetic hand
............Bronchoscopy ............Prosthetic limbs
............Colonography ............Visual prosthesis
............Computer aided diagnosis ........Public healthcare
............Medical signal detection ........Sensory aids
............Nanomedicine ............Hearing aids
............Plethysmography ........Smart healthcare
............Sensitivity and specificity ........Vaccines
........Medical tests ........X-rays
............Amniocentesis ............X-ray applications
............Biopsy ............X-ray detection
............Cancer detection ............X-ray scattering
............Colonoscopy ............X-ray tomography
............Pregnancy test ....Medical specialties
........Medical treatment ........Anesthesiology
............Anesthesia ........Cardiology
............Angioplasty ............Cardiac tissue
............Brachytherapy ........Dermatology
............Brain stimulation ........Gastroenterology
............Cancer treatment ........Gerontology
............Chemotherapy ............Gerontechnology
............Clinical trials ........Gynecology
............Cryotherapy ........Neonatology
............Defibrillation ........Neurology
............Dentistry ........Oncology
............Electrical stimulation ........Pathology
............Electronic medical prescriptions ............Neuropathology
............Electroporation ............Pathological processes
............Embolization ........Pediatrics
............Fibrillation ....Nuclear medicine
............Geriatrics ....Synthetic biology
............Hepatectomy
............Hospitals Engineering management
............Hyperthermia
............Lithotripsy ....Business
............Magnetic stimulation ........Business data processing
............Neuromuscular stimulation ........Business intelligence
............Neutron capture therapy ........Disruptive innovation
............Noninvasive treatment ........Entrepreneurship
............Orthopedic procedures ........Franchising
............Orthotics ........Industrial relations
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Management ............Companies
............Asset management ............Government
............Best practices ............Sociotechnical systems
............Business continuity ............United Kingdom Space Agency
............Business process management ....Commercialization
............Business process re-engineering ....Consortia
............Communication system operations ....Economics
and management ........Access charges
............Conference management ........Costs
............Content management ............Cost benefit analysis
............Contingency management ........Developing countries
............Contract management ........Econometrics
............Contracts ............Economic forecasting
............Customer relationship management ........Economic indicators
............Decision making ............Share prices
............Dependability management ........Electronic commerce
............Distributed management ........Environmental economics
............Enterprise resource planning ............Carbon tax
............Facilities management ............Emissions trading
............Financial management ........Exchange rates
............Governmental factors ........Fuel economy
............Human resource management ........International trade
............Information management ........Macroeconomics
............Interface management ............Privatization
............International collaboration ........Microeconomics
............Knowledge management ............Economies of scale
............Marketing management ............Industrial economics
............Organizational aspects ........Monopoly
............Outsourcing ........Oligopoly
............Process planning ........Power generation economics
............Production management ............Electricity supply industry
............Program management deregulation
............Project management ........Profitability
............Public relations ........Sharing economy
............Quality management ........Stock markets
............Requirements management ........Supply and demand
............Research and development ........Trade agreements
management ........Venture capital
............Resource management ........Virtual enterprises
............Risk analysis ....Innovation management
............Safety management ........Creativity
............Security management ....Legal factors
............Storage management ........Copyright protection
............Supply chain management ............Intellectual property
............Technical management ............Software protection
............Technology management ........Law
........Operations research ............Censorship
............Inventory control ............Commercial law
............Virtual enterprises ............Consumer protection
........Organizations ............Contract law
............BNSC ............Criminal law
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Employment law ........Ecosystems

............Forensics ............Wetlands
............Law enforcement ........Environmental economics
............Patent law ............Carbon tax
............Trademarks ............Emissions trading
........Patents ........Environmental monitoring
........Product liability ........Global warming
............Warranties ........Green manufacturing
........Software protection ........Green products
........Trademarks ............Green buildings
....Market research ............Green cleaning
....Planning ........Green transportation
........Meeting planning ........Pollution
........Schedules ............Air pollution
........Strategic planning ............Emissions trading
............Roadmaps (technology planning) ............Industrial pollution
........Technical planning ............Land pollution
........Technology planning ............Oil pollution
....Product development ............Radioactive pollution
........Graphical user interfaces ............Thermal pollution
............Avatars ............Urban pollution
........Product customization ............Water pollution
........Product lifecycle management ....Geographic information systems
............Prognostics and health ........Geospatial analysis
management ........Gunshot detection systems
........Software product lines ....Geophysical measurement techniques
........Time to market ........Geophysical image processing
....Project engineering ....Geophysical measurements
........Scheduling ........Geodesy
............Adaptive scheduling ............Level measurement
............Dynamic scheduling ........Sea measurements
............Job shop scheduling ............Geoacoustic inversion
............Single machine scheduling ........Seismic measurements
........Turnkey project ....Geophysical signal processing
....Research and development ....Geoscience
management ........Antarctica
........Innovation management ............South Pole
............Creativity ........Arctic
....Research initiatives ............North Pole
....Software development management ........Atmosphere
........Agile software development ............Air quality
............Scrum (Software development) ............Atmospheric modeling
........Model-driven development ............Atmospheric waves
........Biosphere
Geoscience and remote sensing ........Continents
............Africa
....Environmental factors ............Asia
........Biosphere ............Australia
........Climate change ............Europe
............Global warming ............North America
........Ecology ............South America
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Cyclones ........Tsunami
............Hurricanes ........Volcanoes
............Tropical cyclones ............Planetary volcanoes
........Earth ............Volcanic activity
........Earthquakes ............Volcanic ash
............Earthquake engineering ........Wetlands
........Forestry ....Land surface temperature
........Geochemistry ....Photometry
........Geoengineering ....Radar
........Geography ........Airborne radar
............Rural areas ........Bistatic radar
............Urban areas ........Cognitive radar
........Geology ........Doppler radar
............Minerals ........Ground penetrating radar
............Rocks ........High frequency radar
........Geophysics ........Laser radar
............EMTDC ........Meteorological radar
............Extraterrestrial phenomena ........Millimeter wave radar
............Geodynamics ........Multistatic radar
............Geophysics computing ............MIMO radar
............Meteorology ........Passive radar
............Moisture ........Radar applications
............Seismology ............Radar countermeasures
............Surface waves ............Radar detection
............Well logging ............Radar imaging
........Ice ............Radar measurements
............Ice shelf ............Radar polarimetry
............Ice surface ............Radar remote sensing
............Ice thickness ............Radar tracking
............Sea ice ........Radar clutter
........Lakes ........Radar cross-sections
........Land surface ........Radar equipment
........Levee ........Radar theory
........Meteorological factors ........Spaceborne radar
........Oceanography ........Spread spectrum radar
............Ocean circulation ........Synthetic aperture radar
........Oceans ............Inverse synthetic aperture radar
............Ocean salinity ............Polarimetric synthetic aperture
............Ocean temperature radar
............Sea coast ........Ultra wideband radar
............Sea floor ....Radiometry
............Sea level ........Microwave radiometry
............Sea surface ........Radiometers
............Tides ............Spectroradiometers
........Rivers ....Remote sensing
........Sediments ........Hyperspectral sensors
........Soil ............Hyperspectral imaging
............Soil moisture ........Passive microwave remote sensing
............Soil properties ........Remote monitoring
............Soil texture ....Terrain mapping
........Tornadoes ........Digital elevation models
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

....Terrestrial atmosphere ....IEEE indexing

........Clouds ........Awards
........Global warming ........Book reviews
........Ionosphere ........CD-ROM reviews
........Magnetosphere ........Interviews
....Vegetation mapping ........Obituaries
........Software reviews
IEEE organization ........Special issues and sections
........Tutorials
....IEEE activities ........Video reviews
........IEEE Awards activities ....IEEE members
............IEEE Corporate awards ........IEEE Associate Members
............IEEE Society awards ........IEEE Fellows
............IEEE Standards awards ........IEEE Life Members
............IEEE Student awards ........IEEE Senior Members
............National Society Agreement awards ........IEEE Student Members
........IEEE Conference activities ....IEEE news
........IEEE Corporate activities ........IEEE Chapter news
............Humanitarian activities ........IEEE Region news
........IEEE Educational activities ........IEEE Section news
........IEEE Intersociety activities ........IEEE Society news
........IEEE Local activities ....IEEE products
........IEEE Member and Geographic ........IEEE audio tapes
activities ........IEEE catalogs
........IEEE Professional activities ........IEEE Collabratec
........IEEE publishing ........IEEE educational products
........IEEE Standards activities ........IEEE merchandise
........IEEE Student activities ........IEEE publications
........IEEE Technical activities ............IEEE books
........IEEE United States activities ............IEEE conference proceedings
........IEEE Volunteer activities ............IEEE directories
....IEEE entities ............IEEE journals
........IEEE Boards ............IEEE magazines
........IEEE Center for the History of ............IEEE newsletters
Electrical Engineering ............IEEE online publications
........IEEE Chapters ............IEEE standards publications
........IEEE Committees ............IEEE transactions
........IEEE Communities ............Notice of Violation
........IEEE Computer Society Press ........IEEE Xplore
........IEEE Councils ............IEL
........IEEE Foundation
........IEEE Press Imaging
........IEEE Regions
........IEEE Sections ....Biomedical imaging
........IEEE Societies ........Angiocardiography
....IEEE governance ........Angiography
........IEEE bylaws ........Biomedical optical imaging
........IEEE Constitution ........Cardiography
........IEEE mission and vision ............Echocardiography
........IEEE policy and procedures ............Electrocardiography
........IEEE staff ............Phonocardiography
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........DICOM ........Optical flow

........Elastography ........Optical projectors
........Encephalography ........Talbot effect
........Mammography ........Thermoreflectance imaging
........Medical diagnostic imaging ....Photography
............Anatomical structure ........Cinematography
........Molecular imaging ........Digital photography
........Phantoms ........Image forensics
........Photoacoustic imaging ........Photomicrography
....Cameras ........Photorealism
........Digital cameras ....Radiation imaging
........Smart cameras ....Radiography
........Webcams ........Diagnostic radiography
....Focusing ....Stereo vision
....Ground penetrating radar ........Stereo image processing
....Holography ....Terahertz wave imaging
....Image converters ....Tomography
........Image intensifiers ........Computed tomography
....Image sensors ............Single photon emission computed
........Active pixel sensors tomography
........CCD image sensors ........Electrical capacitance tomography
........Charge-coupled image sensors ........Electrical impedance tomography
........CMOS image sensors ........Optical coherence tomography
........Infrared image sensors ........Positron emission tomography
....Image storage ............Whole-body PET
....Infrared imaging ........Reconstruction algorithms
........Night vision
....Magnetic resonance imaging Industrial electronics
........Diffusion tensor imaging
........Functional magnetic resonance ....Assembly systems
imaging ........Flexible electronics
........Magnetic resonance elastography ........Robotic assembly
........Magnetic resonance fingerprinting ....Computer aided manufacturing
....Magneto electrical resistivity imaging ........CADCAM
technique ........Silicon compiler
....Microscopy ....Cryogenic electronics
........Atomic force microscopy ....Industrial control
........Electron microscopy ........Process control
............Photoelectron microscopy ............Predictive control
............Scanning electron microscopy ............Three-term control
............Transmission electron microscopy ............Two-term control
........Endomicroscopy ........Production control
........Scanning microwave microscopy ............Continuous production
........Scanning probe microscopy ............Lot sizing
............Scanning thermal microscopy ............Optimized production technology
....Microwave imaging ............Scheduling
....Multispectral imaging ....Integrated manufacturing systems
....Nuclear imaging ....Machine control
........Energy resolution ........Machine vector control
........Ion emission ....Manufacturing automation
....Optical imaging ........Computer aided manufacturing
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............CADCAM ............Automatic test equipment

............Silicon compiler ........Test facilities
........Computer integrated manufacturing ............Anechoic chambers
........Computer numerical control ............Laboratories
........Flexible manufacturing systems ............Large Hadron Collider
....Testing ............Open area test sites
........Aerospace testing ............TEM cells
............Wind tunnels ............Wind tunnels
........Automatic testing
............Automatic test pattern generation Industry applications
............Ring generators
........Benchmark testing ....Accident prevention
........Built-in self-test ........Accidents
........Circuit testing ............Aerospace accidents
............Integrated circuit measurements ............Electrical accidents
........Conformance testing ............Industrial accidents
........Electronic equipment testing ............Marine accidents
............Immunity testing ............Railway accidents
........Error analysis ............Road accidents
............Bit error rate ....Chemical technology
............Finite wordlength effects ........Chemical reactors
........Error-free operations ............Bioreactors
........Failure analysis ............Catalysis
............Equipment failure ............Continuous-stirred tank reactor
............Semiconductor device breakdown ............Ignition
........Frequency response ........Chemical sensors
........Impulse testing ........Crystallizers
........Insulator testing ........Distillation equipment
............Insulation testing ........Fluidization
........Integrated circuit testing ........Pharmaceutical technology
............Integrated circuit yield ........Vitrification
............Logic testing ....Cryogenics
........Life testing ........Liquid nitrogen
........Materials testing ....Electrochemical devices
............Accelerated aging ........Amperometric sensors
............Acoustic testing ........Batteries
............Adhesive strength ............Lead acid batteries
............Bonding forces ............Lithium batteries
............Delamination ............Lithium-ion batteries
............Elastic recovery ............Lithium-sulfur batteries
............Nondestructive testing ............Nickel cadmium batteries
........Optical fiber testing ............Solid state batteries
........Remaining life assessment ........Battery management systems
........Ring generators ........Fuel cells
........Semiconductor device testing ........Supercapacitors
........Software testing ....Electrochemical processes
............Combinatorial testing ....Electromechanical systems
............Fuzzing ........Cruise control
........System testing ........Electromechanical devices
............Model checking ............Armature
........Test equipment ............SAW filters
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

....Electrostatic devices ............Agricultural products

....Electrostatic precipitators ............Aquaculture
....Electrostatic processes ............Fertilizers
........Aerosols ............Greenhouses
........Electrophotography ............Irrigation
........Electrostatic analysis ........Architecture
........Electrostatic induction ........Banking
........Electrostatics ............Online banking
............Electrostatic levitation ........Beverage industry
........Particle charging ........Chemical industry
........Particle production ........Coal industry
........Space charge ........Communication industry
........Surface charging ........Computer industry
............Triboelectricity ........Construction
........Triboelectricity ............Buildings
....Engines ............Green buildings
........Heat engines ............Modular construction
............Steam engines ............Prefabricated construction
............Stirling engines ........Construction industry
........Internal combustion engines ............Prefabricated construction
............Diesel engines ........Defense industry
............Ignition ........Electrical engineering industry
........Jet engines ........Entertainment industry
....Environmental management ............Sports
........Biodegradation ........Gas industry
............Biodegradable materials ........Information industry
........Land use planning ........Manufacturing industries
........Pest control ............Aerospace industry
........Pollution control ............Cement industry
........Recycling ............Ceramics industry
........Renewable energy sources ............Clothing industry
............Biomass ............Electrical products industry
........Sustainable development ............Electronics industry
........Waste management ............Food industry
............Waste disposal ............Footwear industry
............Waste handling ............Fuel processing industries
............Waste recovery ............Glass industry
............Waste reduction ............Machinery production industries
........Water conservation ............Metal product industries
............Desalination ............Plastics industry
........Water resources ............Pulp and paper industry
............Desalination ............Rubber industry
............Reservoirs ............Shipbuilding industry
....Food technology ............Textile industry
........Food preservation ............Toy manufacturing industry
....High-temperature techniques ........Metals industry
........Rapid thermal processing ........Mining industry
....Industrial engineering ............Coal mining
........Industrial communication ........Natural gas industry
....Industries ........Petroleum industry
........Agriculture ............Oil drilling
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Oil refineries ........Machine components

............Well logging ............Air cleaners
........Power industry ............Belts
............Electrical equipment industry ............Cams
............Electricity supply industry ............Engine cylinders
............Nuclear facility regulation ............Exhaust systems
............Power system interconnection ............Impellers
........Steel industry ............Intake systems
........Sugar industry ............Manifolds
............Sugar refining ............Mechanical splines
........Textile technology ............Pistons
............Spinning ............Rotors
............Weaving ............Shafts
........Toy industry ............Valves
........Transportation industry ........Motors
........Wood industry ............AC motors
....Inspection ............Brushless motors
........Automatic optical inspection ............Commutation
....Machinery ............DC motors
........Agricultural machinery ............Electric motors
............Agricultural robots ............Hysteresis motors
........Ball bearings ............Induction motors
........Belts ............Micromotors
........Drives ............Permanent magnet motors
............Hydraulic drives ............Servomotors
............Motor drives ............Traction motors
............Variable speed drives ............Universal motors
........Electric machines ........Printing machinery
............AC machines ........Pumps
............Alternators ............Fuel pumps
............Brushless machines ............Heat pumps
............Compressors ............Insulin pumps
............Conductors ............Micropumps
............DC machines ............Water pumps
............Electric fences ........Textile machinery
............Generators ............Spinning machines
............Permanent magnet machines ....Manufacturing
............Rotating machines ........Assembly
............Rotors ............Fitting
............Stators ............Microassembly
............Washing machines ............Preforms
........Fans ............Soldering
........Furnaces ........Assembly systems
............Blast furnaces ............Flexible electronics
............Kilns ............Robotic assembly
........Gears ........Embossing
............Magnetic gears ........Fabrication
........Hydraulic systems ............Bonding processes
............Electrohydraulics ............Microfabrication
............Hydraulic equipment ............Optical device fabrication
............Hydraulic fluids ............Soldering
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Welding ........Mass customization

........Green manufacturing ........Smart manufacturing
........Lithography ........Tolerance analysis
............Colloidal lithography ....Packaging
............Extreme ultraviolet lithography ........Bagging
............Interferometric lithography ........Bottling
............Nanolithography ........Canning
............Soft lithography ........Encapsulation
............Stereolithography ........Food packaging
............X-ray lithography ........Labeling
........Manufactured products ........Multichip modules
............Ceramic products ........Nanopackaging
............Chemical products ........Plastic packaging
............Consumer products ........Wrapping
............Electrical products ....Paper technology
............Food products ....Production
............Fuels ........Ball milling
............Glass products ........Compression molding
............Mechanical products ........Embossing
............Metal products ........Food products
............Paper products ............Dairy products
............Paper pulp ............Fats
............Plastic products ............Food waste
............Rubber products ............Sugar
............Sports equipment ........Group technology
............Textile products ........Injection molding
............Tools ........Materials processing
............Windows ............Annealing
........Manufacturing systems ............Bleaching
............Agile manufacturing ............Casting
............Automobile manufacture ............Coatings
............Batch production systems ............Curing
............Blanking ............Etching
............Cellular manufacturing ............Heat treatment
............Flow production systems ............Joining processes
............Food manufacturing ............Lamination
............Forging ............Machining
............Glass manufacturing ............Melt processing
............Integrated manufacturing systems ............Plasma materials processing
............Intelligent manufacturing systems ............Plating
............Job production systems ............Pressing
............Joining processes ............Punching
............Layered manufacturing ............Refining
............Lean production ............Shearing
............Manufacturing processes ............Smelting
............Mass production ............Softening
............Melt processing ............Swaging
............Pulp manufacturing ........Mechanical products
............Sheet metal processing ............Automotive components
............Thermoforming ............Axles
............Three-dimensional printing ............Bellows
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Blades ............Control charts

............Brakes ............Inventory management
............Couplings ............Lead time reduction
............Fasteners ............Logistics
............Flanges ............Process planning
............Gears ............Production planning
............Hoses ........Production materials
............Machine components ............Abrasives
............Mechanical guides ............Aerospace materials
............Needles ............Automotive materials
............Orifices ............Inhibitors
............Pistons ............Ink
............Pressure vessels ............Joining materials
............Seals ............Lubricants
............Springs ............Retardants
............Steering systems ........Production systems
............Structural shapes ............Assembly systems
............Tires ............Exhaust systems
............Vents ............Intelligent manufacturing systems
............Wheels ............Lean production
........Process planning ............Manufacturing systems
............Business process integration ............Steering systems
............Business process management ........Productivity
............Cause effect analysis ........Shafts
........Production control ............Camshafts
............Continuous production ........Springs
............Lot sizing ........Transfer molding
............Optimized production technology ....Safety
............Scheduling ........Aerospace safety
........Production engineering ............Air safety
............Production planning ........Domestic safety
........Production equipment ........Emergency services
............Applicators ........Explosion protection
............Clamps ........Fire safety
............Cutting tools ........Hazards
............Fixtures ............Biohazards
............Machine tools ............Chemical hazards
............Mining equipment ............Explosions
............Molding equipment ............Fires
............Packaging machines ............Flammability
............Paper making machines ............Floods
............Polishing machines ............Hazardous areas
............Soldering equipment ............Hazardous materials
........Production facilities ............Toxicology
............Foundries ........Health and safety
............Greenhouses ............Occupational health
............Industrial facilities ............Occupational safety
............Industrial plants ........Marine safety
............Machine shops ........Product safety
............Paper mills ........Protection
........Production management ............Explosion protection
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Lightning protection ............Cryptographic hash function

............Radiation protection ............Encryption
........Radiation safety ............Public key
............Radiation protection ............Quantum cryptography
........Safety devices ............Random number generation
............Eye protection ............Side-channel attacks
............Fire extinguishers ............Zero knowledge proof
............Protective clothing ........Data security
........Safety management ............Cryptography
........Vehicle safety ............Message authentication
............Advanced driver assistance ............Tokenization
systems ........Digital signatures
............Lane departure warning systems ........Information security
............Lane detection ............Cyber espionage
....Security ............Data breach
........Access control ............Intrusion detection
............Authorization ............Phishing
............Blacklisting ............Privacy breach
............Multi-factor authentication ............Social engineering (security)
............Password ............SQL injection
........Alarm systems ............Trust management
............Smoke detectors ........Network security
........Capability-based security ............Network reconnaissance
........Computer security ........Power system security
............Application security ........Reconnaissance
............Authentication ........Security management
............Cloud computing security ........Terrorism
............Computer crime ............Bioterrorism
............Computer hacking ............Cyber terrorism
............Countermeasures (computer) ............National security
............Cross-site scripting ........Watermarking
............Cyber espionage ....Wine industry
............Cyber warfare ........Wineries
............Cyberattack
............Data integrity Information theory
............Denial-of-service attack
............Firewalls (computing) ....Audio coding
............Honey pot (computing) ....Biological information theory
............Identity management systems ....Channel coding
............Internet security ........Block codes
............Mobile security ............Linear codes
............Password ............Polar codes
............Penetration testing ........Combined source-channel coding
............Permission ........Turbo codes
............Phishing ....Codes
............Proof of work ........Binary codes
........Control system security ............Reflective binary codes
............Physical unclonable function ........Convolutional codes
........Cryptography ........Cyclic redundancy check codes
............Ciphers ........Error correction codes
............Cryptocurrency ............Reed-Solomon codes
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Parity check codes Instrumentation and measurement

............Iterative decoding
........Product codes ....Computerized instrumentation
............Bar codes ....Electric variables
........Space-time codes ........Admittance
........Zero correlation zone ........Capacitance
....Communication channels ............Parasitic capacitance
........Channel allocation ............Quantum capacitance
............Spectral efficiency ........Capacitance-voltage characteristics
........Channel capacity ........Conductivity
........Channel estimation ............Photoconductivity
........Channel models ............Semiconductivity
........Channel spacing ............Transconductance
........Channel state information ........Current
........Gaussian channels ............Bioimpedance
............AWGN channels ............Current slump
........Multipath channels ............Dark current
........Multiuser channels ............Fault currents
........Partial response channels ............Leakage currents
........Throughput ............Persistent currents
........Time-varying channels ............Short-circuit currents
....Decoding ............Threshold current
........Maximum likelihood decoding ........Current-voltage characteristics
....Encoding ........Electric potential
........Audio coding ........Gain
........Channel coding ........Impedance
............Block codes ........Impedance matching
............Combined source-channel coding ............Baluns
............Turbo codes ........Inductance
........Code refractoring ........Permittivity
........Digital representation ........Piezoresistance
........Entropy coding ........Q-factor
............Huffman coding ........Resistance
........Precoding ............Electric resistance
........Source coding ............Piezoresistance
........Speech coding ............Surface resistance
........Transcoding ............Thermal resistance
....Error compensation ............Viscosity
....Genetic communication ........Voltage
....Hamming distance ............Breakdown voltage
....Hamming weight ............Dynamic voltage scaling
....Information entropy ............Threshold voltage
....Mutual information ............Voltage fluctuations
....Network coding ........Wiring
....Rate distortion theory ....High energy physics instrumentation
........Channel rate control computing
....Rate-distortion ........Linear particle accelerator
....Source coding ....Instruments
....Speech coding ........Compass
....Technology acceptance model ........Medical instruments
........Meters
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Dynamometers ........Dosimetry
............Flowmeters ........Dynamic range
............Goniometers ........Electric variables measurement
............Potentiometers ............Admittance measurement
............Radiometers ............Ammeters
............Tachometers ............Attenuation measurement
............Vibrometers ............Capacitance measurement
............Voltmeters ............Conductivity measurement
............Watthour meters ............Current measurement
............Wattmeters ............Dielectric measurement
........Microscopy ............Electrical resistance measurement
............Atomic force microscopy ............Electrostatic measurements
............Electron microscopy ............Energy measurement
............Endomicroscopy ............Impedance measurement
............Scanning microwave microscopy ............Inductance measurement
............Scanning probe microscopy ............Partial discharge measurement
........Network analyzers ............Phasor measurement units
........Oscilloscopes ............Power measurement
........Pressure gauges ............Q measurement
........Probes ............Transmission line measurements
........Telescopes ............Voltage measurement
........Theodolites ........Electromagnetic measurements
........Tuners ............Electromagnetic modeling
....Measurement ............Linearity
........Accelerometers ............Microwave measurement
........Acoustic measurements ............Millimeter wave measurements
........Antenna measurements ............Parameter extraction
........Anthropometry ............Polarimetry
........Area measurement ............Radiometry
........Atmospheric measurements ............Submillimeter wave measurements
........Atomic measurements ........Extraterrestrial measurements
........Biomedical measurement ........Fluid flow measurement
............Biomarkers ........Frequency measurement
............Biomedical monitoring ............Frequency estimation
............Electroencephalography ............Frequency-domain analysis
............Electromyography ........Gain measurement
............Electrooculography ........Gas chromatography
............Electrophysiology ........Geologic measurements
............Photoplethysmography ........Geophysical measurements
............Pulse oximeter ............Geodesy
............Reproducibility of results ............Sea measurements
............Sensitivity and specificity ............Seismic measurements
........Calorimetry ........Interferometry
........Coordinate measuring machines ............Fabry-Perot
........Density measurement ............Interferometers
............Hydrometers ............Optical interferometry
........Distance measurement ............Phase shifting interferometry
............Euclidean distance ............Radar interferometry
........Distortion measurement ............Radio interferometry
............Total harmonic distortion ............Sagnac interferometers
........Doppler measurement ........Key performance indicator
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Length measurement ............Key performance indicator

........Lifetime estimation ........pH measurement
........Loss measurement ........Phase measurement
............Packet loss ........Plasma measurements
........Magnetic variables measurement ........Plethysmography
............Magnetic anomaly detection ........Pollution measurement
............Magnetic field measurement ........Pressure measurement
............Magnetometers ............Altimetry
............Permeability measurement ............Tire pressure
........Measurement by laser beam ........Pulse measurements
............Laser velocimetry ........Reflectometry
........Measurement errors ........Reproducibility of results
........Measurement techniques ........Scintillation counters
............Calibration ............Solid scintillation detectors
............Dynamic equilibrium ........Sea state
........Measurement uncertainty ........Semiconductor device measurement
........Measurement units ........Sensitivity
............International System of Units ............Sensitivity analysis
............Nanometers ........Shape measurement
........Mechanical variables measurement ........Size measurement
............Angular velocity ............Functional point analysis
............Displacement measurement ........Software measurement
............Force measurement ........Soil measurements
............Motion measurement ............Salinity (geophysical)
............Position measurement ........Spectral efficiency
............Rotation measurement ........Spectroscopy
............Strain measurement ............Deep level transient spectroscopy
............Stress measurement ............Electrochemical impedance
............Thickness measurement spectroscopy
............Torque measurement ............Electron paramagnetic resonance
............Velocity measurement ............Fourier transform infrared
............Vibration measurement spectroscopy
............Volume measurement ............Kirchhoff's Law
............Weight measurement ............Mass spectroscopy
........Micrometers ............MERIS
........Moisture measurement ............Neutron spin echo
............Humidity measurement ............Photoacoustic effects
........Noise measurement ............Resonance light scattering
............Multiple signal classification ........Thermal variables measurement
............Noise figure ............Temperature measurement
............Noise shaping ........Time measurement
........Nuclear measurements ............Clocks
............Particle tracking ............Time dissemination
........Optical variables measurement ............Timing
............Ellipsometry ........UHF measurements
............Photometry ........Ultrasonic variables measurement
............Reflection coefficient ........Viscosity
............Refractive index ........Wavelength measurement
........Particle beam measurements ........Wide area measurements
........Particle measurements ....Monitoring
........Performance evaluation ........Computerized monitoring
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Environmental monitoring ............Combinatorial testing

........Patient monitoring ............Fuzzing
........Process monitoring ........System testing
........Radiation monitoring ............Model checking
............Radiation dosage ........Test equipment
........Remote monitoring ............Automatic test equipment
........Surveillance ........Test facilities
............Infrared surveillance ............Anechoic chambers
............Video surveillance ............Laboratories
....Pulse oximetry ............Large Hadron Collider
....Testing ............Open area test sites
........Aerospace testing ............TEM cells
............Wind tunnels ............Wind tunnels
........Automatic testing
............Automatic test pattern generation Intelligent transportation systems
............Ring generators
........Benchmark testing ....Automated highways
........Built-in self-test ....Autonomous automobiles
........Circuit testing ....Geographic information systems
............Integrated circuit measurements ........Geospatial analysis
........Conformance testing ........Gunshot detection systems
........Electronic equipment testing ....Intelligent vehicles
............Immunity testing ........Autonomous vehicles
........Error analysis ............Unmanned autonomous vehicles
............Bit error rate ........Unmanned vehicles
............Finite wordlength effects ............Unmanned aerial vehicles
........Error-free operations ............Unmanned underwater vehicles
........Failure analysis ........Vehicle-to-everything
............Equipment failure ............Vehicle-to-infrastructure
............Semiconductor device breakdown ....Navigation
........Frequency response ........Aircraft navigation
........Impulse testing ........Course correction
........Insulator testing ........Dead reckoning
............Insulation testing ........Indoor navigation
........Integrated circuit testing ........Inertial navigation
............Integrated circuit yield ........Marine navigation
............Logic testing ........Radio navigation
........Life testing ........Satellite navigation systems
........Materials testing ............Global navigation satellite system
............Accelerated aging ............Global Positioning System
............Acoustic testing ............Satellite constellations
............Adhesive strength ........Sonar navigation
............Bonding forces ....Transportation
............Delamination ........Air transportation
............Elastic recovery ............Aircraft
............Nondestructive testing ............Airports
........Optical fiber testing ........Escalators
........Remaining life assessment ........Green transportation
........Ring generators ........Land transportation
........Semiconductor device testing ............Rail transportation
........Software testing ............Road transportation
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Public transportation ............Quantum well lasers

........Seaports ............Semiconductor laser arrays
........Smart transportation ............Semiconductor optical amplifiers
........Vehicles ............Surface emitting lasers
............Connected vehicles ........Solid lasers
............Intelligent vehicles ............Microchip lasers
............Land vehicles ............Quantum well lasers
............Military vehicles ............Semiconductor lasers
............Space vehicles ............Surface emitting lasers
........Surface emitting lasers
Lasers and electrooptics ............Vertical cavity surface emitting
lasers
....Electrooptic devices ........X-ray lasers
........Electrochromic devices ....Optics
........Electrooptic deflectors ........Adaptive optics
........Electrooptic modulators ........Birefringence
....Electrooptic effects ........Brightness
........Electrochromism ............Brightness temperature
........Kerr effect ........Color
........Optical bistability ............Pigmentation
........Stark effect ........Electron optics
....Lasers ........Extinction coefficients
........Atom lasers ............Extinction ratio
........Chemical lasers ........Fiber optics
............Chemical oxygen iodine lasers ............Fiber nonlinear optics
........Diode lasers ............Optical fibers
........Free electron lasers ........Fluorescence
........Gas lasers ........Four-wave mixing
........Laser applications ........Geometrical optics
............Dark states ............Ray tracing
............Distributed feedback devices ........Integrated optics
............Laser ablation ........Light fields
............Laser beam cutting ........Light sources
............Laser fusion ............Electroluminescent devices
............Laser theory ............Fast light
............Magnetooptic recording ............Luminescent devices
........Laser excitation ............Phosphors
............Optical pumping ............Slow light
........Laser modes ............Stray light
............Laser mode locking ............Superluminescent diodes
........Laser stability ............Ultraviolet sources
........Laser transitions ........Luminescence
........Power lasers ............Bioluminescence
........Pump lasers ............Electroluminescence
........Quantum well lasers ............Fluorescence
............Quantum cascade lasers ............Phosphorescence
........Ring lasers ............Photoluminescence
............Fiber lasers ............Thermoluminescence
........Semiconductor lasers ........Microoptics
............Laser tuning ............Micromirrors
............Quantum dot lasers ........Nonlinear optics
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Fiber nonlinear optics ............Electron optics

............Nonlinear optical devices ............Stimulated emission
............Optical mixing ........Photoluminescence
............Optical saturation ........Physical optics
............Photorefractive effect ............Optical refraction
............Raman scattering ............Optical vortices
............Supercontinuum generation ........Ray tracing
........Optical amplifiers ........Stray light
............Doped fiber amplifiers ........Ultrafast optics
............Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers ........Whispering gallery modes
............Semiconductor optical amplifiers ....Optoelectronic devices
........Optical crosstalk ........Charge-coupled image sensors
........Optical design ........Integrated optoelectronics
............Optical design techniques ........Light emitting diodes
........Optical devices ............Inorganic light emitting diodes
............Bragg gratings ............LED lamps
............Collimators ............Organic light emitting diodes
............Displays ............Superluminescent diodes
............Holographic optical components ........Photoconducting devices
............Lenses ............Electrophotography
............Light deflectors ........Photodetectors
............Lighting ............Photodiodes
............Luminescent devices ............Phototransistors
............Mirrors ............Superconducting photodetectors
............Optical arrays ........Superluminescent diodes
............Optical attenuators ....Photonics
............Optical collimators ........Biophotonics
............Optical device fabrication ........Microwave photonics
............Optical filters ........Nanobiophotonics
............Optical resonators ........Nanophotonics
............Optical sensors ........Photochromism
............Thermooptical devices ........Photothermal effects
........Optical distortion ........Silicon photonics
........Optical engineering ........Spontaneous emission
........Optical fiber applications ............Radiative recombination
............Optical fiber devices
........Optical harmonic generation Magnetics
........Optical losses
........Optical microscopy ....Biomagnetics
........Optical mixing ........Magnetoencephalography
............Multiwave mixing ....Demagnetization
........Optical polarization ....Gyromagnetism
............Polarization shift keying ....Magnetic analysis
............Stokes parameters ........Magnetization
........Optical pulses ....Magnetic anisotropy
........Optical retarders ........Magnetic domain walls
........Optical saturation ........Magnetic domains
........Optical solitons ........Magnetic moments
........Optical tuning ........Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
........Particle beam optics ....Magnetic devices
............Atom optics ........Accelerator magnets
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Ferrite devices ........Garnet films

............Circulators ........Garnets
........Magnetic cores ............Garnet films
............Transformer cores ........Magnetic films
........Magnetic gears ............Ferrimagnetic films
........Magnetic heads ............Ferrite films
........Magnetic memory ............Garnet films
............Floppy disks ........Magnetic liquids
............Hard disks ........Magnetic semiconductors
........Magnetic modulators ........Magnetic superlattices
........Magnetooptic devices ........Paramagnetic materials
........Magnetoresistive devices ........Soft magnetic materials
........Magnetostrictive devices ....Magnetic multilayers
........Solenoids ....Magnetic particles
........Transformer cores ....Magnetic properties
........Undulators ....Magnetic sensors
....Magnetic fields ........Spin valves
........Geomagnetism ....Magnetic susceptibility
........Magnetic reconnection ....Magnetic switching
........Magnetic separation ....Magnetization processes
........Magnetostatics ........Magnetization reversal
........Toroidal magnetic fields ........Saturation magnetization
....Magnetic flux ....Magnetoacoustic effects
........Flux pinning ....Magnetoelectric effects
........Magnetic flux density ........Hall effect
........Magnetic flux leakage ........Magnetic tunneling
....Magnetic force microscopy ........Magnetoelectronics
....Magnetic forces ............Spin polarized transport
........Coercive force ........Magnetoresistance
....Magnetic hysteresis ............Anisotropic magnetoresistance
....Magnetic levitation ............Ballistic magnetoresistance
........Magnetic leviation vehicles ............Colossal magnetoresistance
....Magnetic losses ............Enhanced magnetoresistance
....Magnetic materials ............Extraordinary magnetoresistance
........Amorphous magnetic materials ............Giant magnetoresistance
........Antiferromagnetic materials ............Ordinary magnetoresistance
........Diamagnetic materials ............Tunneling magnetoresistance
........Ferrimagnetic films ........Spintronics
............Ferrite films ....Magnetomechanical effects
............Garnet films ........Magnetic field induced strain
........Ferrimagnetic materials ........Magnetoelasticity
............Ferrimagnetic films ............Magnetostriction
............Ferrite films ........Magnetostriction
............Ferrites ....Magnetooptic effects
............Garnet films ........Faraday effect
............Garnets ........Gyrotropism
........Ferrite films ....Magnets
........Ferrites ........Electromagnets
............Ferrite films ............Superconducting magnets
........Ferrofluid ........Micromagnetics
........Ferromagnetic materials ........Permanent magnets
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

....Magnonics ............Iodine compounds

....Microwave magnetics ........Iridium
....Nonlinear magnetics ........Isotopes
....Remanence ........Krypton
........Lutetium
Materials, elements, and compounds ........Mercury (metals)
........Molybdenum
....Chemical elements ........Neon
........Actinium ........Neptunium
........Aluminum ........Nitrogen
............Aluminum alloys ............Silicon nitride
............Aluminum compounds ........Osmium
........Americium ........Oxygen
........Antimony ........Phosphorus
........Arsenic ........Plutonium
............Arsenic compounds ........Polonium
........Astatine ........Potassium
........Berkelium ........Praseodymium
........Beryllium ........Promethium
........Boron ........Protactinium
............Boron alloys ........Radium
........Bromine ........Radon
............Bromine compounds ........Rhenium
........Californium ........Rhodium
........Carbon ........Roentgenium
............Carbon nanotubes ........Rubidium
............Diamond ........Ruthenium
............Fullerenes ........Scandium
............Graphene ........Selenium
............Graphite ........Sodium
........Cerium ........Sulfur
........Cesium ............Sulfur compounds
........Chlorine ........Tantalum
............Chlorine compounds ........Technetium
........Curium ........Tellurium
........Darmstadtium ........Terbium
........Dysprosium ........Thallium
............Dysprosium compounds ........Thorium
........Europium ........Thulium
........Fluorine ........Titanium
............Fluorine compounds ............Titanium alloys
........Francium ............Titanium compounds
........Gadolinium ............Titanium dioxide
............Gadolinium oxide ............Titanium nitride
........Hafnium ........Uranium
............Hafnium compounds ........Vanadium
........Helium ........Ytterbium
........Holmium ........Yttrium
........Hydrogen ............Yttrium compounds
............Deuterium ........Zirconium
........Iodine ....Compounds
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Bismuth compounds ............Windows

........Gallium compounds ........Catalysts
............Aluminum gallium nitride ............Photocatalysts
............Gallium arsenide ........Ceramics
............Gallium nitride ............Bioceramics
............Indium gallium arsenide ............Porcelain
............Indium gallium nitride ........Composite materials
........Indium compounds ............Cermet
............Indium gallium arsenide ........Conducting materials
............Indium tin oxide ............Electrolytes
........Inorganic compounds ........Corrosion inhibitors
........Lead compounds ........Crystalline materials
........Organic compounds ............Martensite
............Carbon compounds ............Nanocrystals
............Organic semiconductors ............Superlattices
............Volatile organic compounds ........Crystals
........Silicon compounds ............Colloidal crystals
............Silicides ............Crystal microstructure
............Silicon carbide ............Crystallography
............Silicon nitride ............Grain boundaries
....Material storage ............Grain size
........Bulk storage ............Liquid crystals
........Containers ............Quartz crystals
............Freight containers ........Dielectric materials
........Fuel storage ............Dielectric films
........Secure storage ............Dielectric liquids
........Stacking ............Electrets
........Storage automation ............Epoxy resins
........Warehousing ............High-k dielectric materials
........Water storage ............Piezoelectric materials
............Dams ........Films
............Reservoirs ............Conductive films
....Materials ............Dielectric films
........Acoustic materials ............Epitaxial layers
........Additives ............Ferrimagnetic films
........Aggregates ............Ferrite films
........Amorphous materials ............Garnet films
............Diamond-like carbon ............Magnetic films
............Glass ............Optical films
........Auxetic materials ............Piezoelectric films
........Biological materials ............Plastic films
............Bioceramics ............Polymer films
........Biomedical materials ............Semiconductor films
............Bioceramics ............Thick films
............Biomembranes ............Thin films
........Building materials ........Fluids
............Asphalt ............Ferrofluid
............Concrete ............Fluid dynamics
............Floors ............Gases
............Mortar ............Hydraulic fluids
............Tiles ............Liquids
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Viscosity ........Organic inorganic hybrid materials

........Hazardous materials ........Organic materials
........Inorganic materials ........Paints
........Lacquers ........Paper pulp
........Laminates ........Petrochemicals
........Magnetic materials ........Phase change materials
............Amorphous magnetic materials ........Photoconducting materials
............Antiferromagnetic materials ........Plastics
............Diamagnetic materials ............Epoxy resins
............Ferrimagnetic films ............Fiber reinforced plastics
............Ferrimagnetic materials ............Plastic films
............Ferrite films ............Plastic optical fiber
............Ferrites ........Polymer foams
............Ferrofluid ........Polymer gels
............Ferromagnetic materials ........Polymers
............Garnet films ............Azobenzene
............Garnets ............Biopolymers
............Magnetic films ............Liquid crystal polymers
............Magnetic liquids ............Optical polymers
............Magnetic semiconductors ............Polycaprolactone
............Magnetic superlattices ............Polyethylene
............Paramagnetic materials ............Polyimides
............Soft magnetic materials ........Production materials
........Material properties ............Abrasives
............Creep ............Aerospace materials
............Elasticity ............Automotive materials
............Resilience ............Inhibitors
........Media ............Ink
............Nonhomogeneous media ............Joining materials
............Photorealism ............Lubricants
............Random media ............Retardants
........Mesoporous materials ........Radioactive materials
........Metal foam ............Nuclear fuels
........Metallic materials ............Radioactive decay
........Metamaterials ............Radioactive waste
............Electromagnetic metamaterials ........Raw materials
............Optical cloaking ........Resins
............Optical metamaterials ............Epoxy resins
........Nanostructured materials ........Resists
............Nanocomposites ........Semiconductor materials
............Nanoporous materials ............Amorphous semiconductors
........Oils ............Deep level transient spectroscopy
............Lubricating oils ............Elemental semiconductors
............Vegetable oils ............Gallium
........Optical materials ............Gallium arsenide
............Colloidal nanocrystals ............Germanium
............Optical cloaking ............III-V semiconductor materials
............Optical polymers ............II-VI semiconductor materials
............Optical retarders ............Indium gallium arsenide
............Optical superlattices ............Indium phosphide
............Photorefractive materials ............Magnetic semiconductors
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Organic semiconductors ........Hysteresis

............Semiconductor superlattices ........Impurities
............Silicon ............Semiconductor impurities
............Silicon germanium ........Materials handling
............Substrates ............Cleaning
............Wide band gap semiconductors ............Decontamination
........Sheet materials ............Freight handling
........Smart materials ............Materials handling equipment
............Biomimetic materials ............Pallets
............Smart textiles ............Remote handling
........Solids ........Materials preparation
............Young's modulus ............Doping
........Superconducting materials ............Firing
............Granular superconductors ............Ion implantation
............High-temperature superconductors ............Laser sintering
............Multifilamentary superconductors ............Sputtering
............Niobium-tin ........Materials reliability
............Type II superconductors ........Materials testing
........Surfactants ............Accelerated aging
........Terahertz materials ............Acoustic testing
............Terahertz metamaterials ............Adhesive strength
........Textiles ............Bonding forces
............Cotton ............Delamination
............Fabrics ............Elastic recovery
............Textile fibers ............Nondestructive testing
............Wool ........Metallurgy
........Thermoelectric materials ........Microstructure
........Waste materials ........Periodic structures
............Effluents ............Gratings
............Electronic waste ............Photonic crystals
............Food waste ........Pigmentation
............Industrial waste ............Pigments
............Radioactive waste ........Separation processes
............Slurries ............Fractionation
............Wastewater ............Particle separators
........Wire ........Surface engineering
....Materials science and technology ........Surfaces
........Absorption ............Corrosion
........Aging ............Corrugated surfaces
............Accelerated aging ............Rough surfaces
........Chemical analysis ............Surface impedance
............Activation analysis ............Surface morphology
............Chemical processes ............Surface resistance
............Chemicals ............Surface roughness
............Electronic noses ............Surface soil
............pH measurement ............Surface structures
........Contamination ............Surface tension
............Surface contamination ............Surface texture
........Degradation ............Surface topography
........Filtration ............Surface treatment
............Microfiltration ....Metals
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Alloying ............Neodymium compounds

............Intermetallic ........Nickel
............Shape memory alloys ............Nickel alloys
........Aluminum ............Nickel compounds
............Aluminum alloys ........Niobium
............Aluminum compounds ............Niobium alloys
........Barium ............Niobium compounds
............Barium compounds ........Palladium
........Bismuth ........Platinum
........Boron ............Platinum alloys
............Boron alloys ........Rare earth metals
........Cadmium ........Samarium
............Cadmium compounds ............Samarium alloys
........Calcium ........Silver
............Calcium compounds ........Steel
........Chromium ............Martensite
............Chromium alloys ........Strontium
........Cobalt ............Strontium compounds
............Cobalt alloys ........Tin
........Copper ............Tin alloys
............Copper alloys ............Tin compounds
............Copper compounds ........Titanium
........Digital alloys ............Titanium alloys
........Erbium ............Titanium compounds
........Gallium ............Titanium dioxide
............Gallium alloys ............Titanium nitride
........Germanium ........Tungsten
............Germanium alloys ........Yttrium
........Gold ............Yttrium compounds
............Gold alloys ........Zinc
........Hafnium ............Zinc compounds
............Hafnium compounds
........Indium Mathematics
........Iron
............Cast iron ....Accuracy
............Iron alloys ....Algebra
........Lanthanum ........Abstract algebra
............Lanthanum compounds ............Galois fields
........Lead ............Modules (abstract algebra)
............Lead isotopes ........Boolean algebra
........Lithium ............Boolean functions
............Lithium compounds ........Linear algebra
........Magnesium ............Linear programming
............Magnesium compounds ............Matrices
........Manganese ............Vectors
............Manganese alloys ........Set theory
........Mercury (metals) ............Fuzzy set theory
........Metallization ............Fuzzy sets
............Integrated circuit metallization ............Rough sets
........Neodymium ....Algorithms
............Neodymium alloys ........Adaptive algorithms
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Adaptation models ........Differential equations

........Algorithm design and analysis ............Differential algebraic equations
............Algorithmic efficiency ............Differential operators
............Generative adversarial networks ............Navier-Stokes equations
........Algorithm design and theory ............Ordinary differential equations
............Consensus algorithm ............Partial differential equations
........Approximation algorithms ............Transfer functions
........Artificial bee colony algorithm ........Integral equations
........Backpropagation algorithms ............Probability density function
........Basis algorithms ........Level set
........Change detection algorithms ....Closed-form solutions
........Classification algorithms ....Combinatorial mathematics
........Clustering algorithms ........Graph theory
........Compression algorithms ............Bipartite graph
........Density estimation robust algorithm ............Directed acyclic graph
........Detection algorithms ............Optimal matching
........Distributed algorithms ............Reachability analysis
........Dynamic programming ............Shortest path problem
........Filtering algorithms ............Tree graphs
........Genetic algorithms ........Steiner trees
........Hash functions ....Computational efficiency
............Cryptographic hash function ....Conformal mapping
........Heuristic algorithms ....Convergence
........Inference algorithms ....Convex functions
........Machine learning algorithms ....Cyclic redundancy check
........Matching pursuit algorithms ........Cyclic redundancy check codes
........Maximum likelihood detection ....Dynamical systems
........MLFMA ........Nonlinear dynamical systems
........Multicast algorithms ....Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions
........Parallel algorithms ....Equations
........Partitioning algorithms ........Boltzmann equation
........Prediction algorithms ........Difference equations
........Projection algorithms ........Integrodifferential equations
........Pursuit algorithms ........Maxwell equations
........Signal processing algorithms ........Nonlinear equations
........Software algorithms ............Bifurcation
........Viterbi algorithm ........Polynomials
....Arithmetic ........Riccati equations
........Digital arithmetic ....Estimation
........Fixed-point arithmetic ........Estimation error
........Floating-point arithmetic ........Estimation theory
....Azimuth ............Cramer-Rao bounds
........Azimuthal angle ............Maximum a posteriori estimation
........Azimuthal component ........Functional point analysis
........Azimuthal current ........Life estimation
........Azimuthal harmonics ........Maximum likelihood estimation
........Azimuthal plane ........Pose estimation
....Boundary value problems ........State estimation
........Boundary conditions ............Observers
............Upper bound ........Yield estimation
....Calculus ....Euclidean distance
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Hilbert space ....Network theory (graphs)

....Finite difference methods ....Nonlinear equations
....Finite element analysis ........Bifurcation
....Fourier series ....Nonlinear systems
....Functional analysis ........Chaos
....Geometry ............Chaotic communication
........Computational geometry ............Complexity theory
............Fractals ............Spatiotemporal phenomena
........Elliptic curves ........Nonlinear dynamical systems
........Elliptic design ....Numerical analysis
............Ellipsoids ........Adaptive mesh refinement
........Information geometry ........Approximation methods
........Projective geometry ............Approximation error
........Surface topography ............Chebyshev approximation
............Nanotopography ............Curve fitting
....Gradient methods ............Extrapolation
....Graph theory ............Function approximation
........Bipartite graph ............Interpolation
........Directed acyclic graph ............Linear approximation
........Optimal matching ............Mean square error methods
........Reachability analysis ............Perturbation methods
........Shortest path problem ........Convergence of numerical methods
........Tree graphs ........Finite difference methods
....Harmonic analysis ........Finite element analysis
....Iterative methods ........Finite volume methods
........Expectation-maximization algorithms ........Gradient methods
........Iterative algorithms ........Independent component analysis
............Belief propagation ........Iterative methods
............Iterative closest point algorithm ............Expectation-maximization
............Sum product algorithm algorithms
........Iterative learning control ............Iterative algorithms
....Kernel ............Iterative learning control
........Null space ........Least squares approximation
........System kernels ............Least mean squares methods
....Laplace equations ........Method of moments
....Lattices ........Mode matching methods
........Lattice Boltzmann methods ........Multigrid methods
....Limit-cycles ........Newton method
....Linear matrix inequalities ........Numerical simulation
....Linear systems ........Numerical stability
....Linearization techniques ........Relaxation methods
....Mathematical model ........Sparse matrices
........Mathematical analysis ........Splines (mathematics)
............Formal concept analysis ........Surface fitting
............Fractional calculus ............Response surface methodology
............Modal analysis ........Symmetric matrices
....Mathematical programming ........Transmission line matrix methods
....Method of moments ....Optimization
....Minimization ........Cost function
........Minimization methods ........Optimal scheduling
....Mode matching methods ........Optimization methods
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Circuit optimization ....Simulated annealing

............Design optimization ....Smoothing methods
............Fireworks algorithm ....Spirals
............Gradient methods ....Statistics
............H infinity control ........Adaptive estimation
............Mathematical programming ........Autoregressive processes
............Optimized production technology ........Boltzmann distribution
............Pareto optimization ............Lattice Boltzmann methods
............Quadratic programming ........Correlation
............Simulated annealing ............Autocorrelation
........Trajectory optimization ........Correlation coefficient
....Piecewise linear techniques ........Covariance matrices
........Piecewise linear approximation ........Differential privacy
....Predator prey systems ........Dimensionality reduction
....Probability ........Gamma distribution
........Ant colony optimization ........Gaussian mixture model
........Bayes methods ........Higher order statistics
............Recursive estimation ........Histograms
........Error probability ........Linear discriminant analysis
........Forecasting ........Maximum likelihood estimation
............Demand forecasting ........Minimax techniques
............Economic forecasting ........Mixture models
............Forecast uncertainty ........Nonparametric statistics
............Technology forecasting ............Nearest neighbor methods
........Memoryless systems ........Parametric statistics
........Pairwise error probability ........Prediction theory
........Possibility theory ........Ranking (statistics)
........Probability distribution ........Root mean square
............Exponential distribution ........Sampling methods
............Log-normal distribution ............Compressed sensing
............Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution ............Nonuniform sampling
............Nakagami distribution ........Statistical analysis
........Random variables ............Analysis of variance
........Statistical distributions ............Mode matching methods
............Distribution functions ............Monte Carlo methods
............Gaussian distribution ............Parameter estimation
............Weibull distribution ............Pareto analysis
........Uncertainty ............Principal component analysis
............Forecast uncertainty ............Regression analysis
....Quaternions ............Static analysis
....Random processes ........Time series analysis
........Brownian motion ....Stochastic processes
........Random forests ........Gaussian processes
....Root mean square ............Gaussian mixture model
....Sequences ........Markov processes
........Binary sequences ............Markov random fields
........Random sequences ....Superposition calculus
....Set theory ....Taylor series
........Fuzzy set theory ....Tensors
........Fuzzy sets ....Topology
........Rough sets ....Transforms
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Discrete transforms ............MIMICs

............Discrete cosine transforms ........Millimeter wave radar
........Empirical mode decomposition ....Submillimeter wave technology
........Fourier transforms ........Submillimeter wave circuits
............Discrete Fourier transforms ............Submillimeter wave integrated
............Fast Fourier transforms circuits
............Fourier transform infrared ........Submillimeter wave communication
spectroscopy ........Submillimeter wave devices
........Karhunen-Loeve transforms ............Submillimeter wave filters
........Poincare invariance ........Submillimeter wave integrated circuits
........Wavelet transforms
............Biorthogonal modulation Nanotechnology
............Continuous wavelet transforms
............Discrete wavelet transforms ....Bionanotechnology
............Wavelet coefficients ....Casimir effect
............Wavelet packets ....Molecular computing
....Transmission line matrix methods ....Molecular electronics
....Uncertain systems ....Nanobioscience
....Utility theory ........DNA computing
........Nanobiotechnology
Microwave theory and techniques ............Nanobiophotonics
....Nanocommunication
....Microwave technology (telecommunication)
........Baluns ....Nanoelectromechanical systems
........Beam steering ....Nanoelectronics
............Steerable antennas ........Junctionless nanowire transistors
........Circulators ....Nanofabrication
........Masers ....Nanofluidics
............Gyrotrons ....Nanolithography
........Microwave bands ....Nanomaterials
............C-band ........Nanocarriers
............K-band ....Nanopackaging
............L-band ....Nanopatterning
........Microwave circuits ........Colloidal lithography
........Microwave communication ....Nanophotonics
............Rectennas ....Nanopositioning
........Microwave devices ....Nanoscale devices
............Masers ........Nanocontacts
............Microwave amplifiers ........Nanotube devices
............Microwave filters ....Nanosensors
............Microwave transistors ....Nanostructured materials
........Microwave generation ........Nanocomposites
............High power microwave generation ........Nanoporous materials
........Microwave photonics ....Nanostructures
........Microwave sensors ........Nanoparticles
....Millimeter wave technology ............Magnetic nanoparticles
........Millimeter wave circuits ............Nanocrystals
............Millimeter wave integrated circuits ........Nanoribbons
........Millimeter wave devices ........Nanotubes
............Millimeter wave transistors ............Carbon nanotubes
........Millimeter wave integrated circuits ............Semiconductor nanotubes
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Nanowires ........Gamma-ray effects

........Semiconductor nanostructures ....Gas discharge devices
....Self-assembly ........Glow discharge devices
........Electrostatic self-assembly ....High energy physics instrumentation
....Self-replicating machines computing
........Linear particle accelerator
Nuclear and plasma sciences ....Ion beam applications
........Ion implantation
....Biomedical applications of radiation ............Plasma immersion ion implantation
....Colliding beam devices ....Nuclear electronics
........Colliding beam accelerators ....Nuclear imaging
........Muon colliders ........Energy resolution
....Electron emission ........Ion emission
........Ballistic transport ....Nuclear medicine
............Electronic ballasts ....Nuclear physics
....Elementary particles ........Alpha particles
........Charge carriers ........Beta rays
............Charge carrier density ........Ignition
............Charge carrier lifetime ........Ion sources
............Charge carrier mobility ........Isotopes
............Charge carrier processes ........Nuclear phase transformations
............Hot carriers ........Nuclear thermodynamics
........Electrons ........Relativistic effects
............Electron sources ............Optical flow
............Quantum wells ....Particle accelerators
............Trions ........Accelerator magnets
........Elementary particle exchange ........Colliding beam accelerators
interactions ........Cyclotrons
........Elementary particle vacuum ........Electron accelerators
........Ions ........Ion accelerators
............Ion sources ........Linear accelerators
............Ionization ........Photon collider
........Mesons ........Plasma accelerators
........Neutrino sources ........Proton accelerators
........Neutrons ........Storage rings
........Particle beams ........Synchrocyclotrons
............Atomic beams ........Synchrotrons
............Electron beams ............Synchrotron radiation
............Ion beams ............Undulators
........Particle collisions ....Particle beam handling
........Phonons ....Particle beam injection
........Positrons ....Plasmas
........Protons ........Atmospheric-pressure plasmas
....Fusion power generation ........Low-temperature plasmas
....Fusion reactors ........Plasma applications
........Fusion reactor design ............Plasma devices
........Tokamaks ............Plasma immersion ion implantation
............Tokamak devices ............Plasma welding
....Gamma-rays ............Tokamaks
........Gamma-ray bursts ........Plasma confinement
........Gamma-ray detection ............Inertial confinement
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Magnetic confinement ....Ocean temperature

........Plasma diagnostics ....Oceanographic techniques
........Plasma properties ....Water pollution
............Dusty plasmas ........Marine pollution
............Plasma chemistry
............Plasma density Power electronics
............Plasma sheaths
............Plasma stability ....Adiabatic
............Plasma temperature ....Converters
............Plasmons ........AC-AC converters
........Plasma simulation ........DC-AC power converters
........Plasma sources ........Digital-to-frequency converters
........Plasma transport processes ........Frequency conversion
........Plasma-assisted combustion ............Mixers
....Radiation effects ............Optical frequency conversion
........Biological effects of radiation ........Multilevel converters
........Gamma-ray effects ........Power conversion
........Ion radiation effects ............AC-AC converters
........Neutron radiation effects ............AC-DC power converters
........Scintillators ............DC-AC power converters
........Single event latchup ............DC-DC power converters
........Space radiation ............Matrix converters
........Terahertz radiation ............Power conversion harmonics
........Total ionizing dose ............Voltage-source converters
....Radiation hardening (electronics) ........Pulse width modulation converters
....Radiation monitoring ........Resonant converters
........Radiation dosage ........Static power converters
....Radiation safety ........Voltage-source converters
........Radiation protection ........Wavelength converters
....Reactor instrumentation ....Current limiters
....Scintillation counters ........Fault current limiters
........Solid scintillation detectors ....Gate drivers
....Thermionic emission ....Inverters
........Pulse inverters
Oceanic engineering and marine ........Resonant inverters
technology ....Phase control
....Power conditioning
....Marine navigation ........Power smoothing
....Marine technology ....Power semiconductor devices
........Marine equipment ........Power transistors
........Marine transportation ....Power semiconductor switches
............Marine vehicles ........Bipolar transistors
........Underwater cables ............Insulated gate bipolar transistors
........Underwater communication ............Kirk field collapse effect
........Underwater equipment ........Thyristors
............Rebreathing equipment ............Photothyristors
........Underwater structures ....Snubbers
........Underwater technology ....Three-phase electric power
............Underwater communication
............Underwater equipment
............Underwater structures
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

Power engineering and energy ............Wind farms

........Energy states
....Electric variables control ............Effective mass
........Current control ............Orbital calculations
............Electric current control ............Polaritons
............Electrical ballasts ............Surface states
........Gain control ........Energy storage
........Power control ............Batteries
........Power system control ............Flywheels
............Bidirectional power flow ............Fuel cells
............Load flow control ............Hydrogen storage
............SCADA systems ............Supercapacitors
........Reactive power control ............Superconducting magnetic energy
........Voltage control storage
............Automatic voltage control ....Power engineering
....Energy ........Ferroresonance
........Energy barrier ........High-voltage techniques
........Energy capture ........Power engineering computing
........Energy consumption ........Power system simulation
........Energy conversion ....Power generation
............Atomic batteries ........Automatic generation control
............Batteries ........Cogeneration
............Fuel cells ........Distributed power generation
............Motors ........Geothermal power generation
............Photovoltaic cells ........Hydroelectric power generation
............Potential well ............Hydroelectric-thermal power
............Solar heating generation
............Thermoelectricity ............Microhydro power
............Waste heat ............Picohydro power
............Wave energy conversion ........Magnetohydrodynamic power
............Wind energy conversion generation
........Energy dissipation ........Nuclear power generation
........Energy exchange ............Atomic batteries
............Inductive charging ............Fission reactors
........Energy harvesting ............Fusion power generation
............Nanogenerators ........Power generation control
........Energy Internet ........Power generation dispatch
........Energy management ........Power generation planning
............Demand side management ........Solar power generation
............Energy conservation ............Maximum power point trackers
............Energy efficiency ............Photovoltaic systems
............Energy informatics ............Solar panels
............Load management ........Trigeneration
............Transactive energy ........Turbomachinery
........Energy resources ............Turbines
............Fuels ............Turbogenerators
............Geothermal energy ........Wind energy generation
............Nuclear fuels ............Wind energy integration
............Solar energy ........Wind power generation
............Wave power ....Power systems
............Wind energy ........Data center power
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Hybrid power systems ........PSCAD

........Industrial power systems ........Pulsed power systems
........Power distribution ............Pulsed power supplies
............DC distribution systems ........Reactive power
............Power distribution faults ........Substations
............Power distribution lines ............Substation automation
........Power grids ............Substation protection
............Microgrids ........Transformers
............Smart grids ............Baluns
........Power supplies ............Current transformers
............Battery chargers ............Flyback transformers
............Charging stations ............Instrument transformers
............Current supplies ............Phase transformers
............Emergency power supplies ............Power transformers
............Inductive charging ............Pulse transformers
............Islanding ............Tap changers
............Power demand ........Uninterruptible power systems
............Power quality ........Wind energy integration
............Power system restoration
............Switched mode power supplies Product safety engineering
............Traction power supplies
............Umbilical cable ....Consumer protection
........Power system analysis computing ....Power system protection
........Power system dynamics ........Electrical safety
........Power system economics ............Fault protection
............Low-carbon economy ............Grounding
........Power system faults ........Substation protection
........Power system harmonics ........Surge protection
............Power harmonic filters ............Arresters
........Power system management ....Safety
............Load flow ........Aerospace safety
........Power system measurements ............Air safety
............Meter reading ........Domestic safety
........Power system planning ........Emergency services
............Power demand ........Explosion protection
........Power system protection ........Fire safety
............Electrical safety ........Hazards
............Substation protection ............Biohazards
............Surge protection ............Chemical hazards
........Power system reliability ............Explosions
........Power system stability ............Fires
........Power transmission ............Flammability
............Common Information Model ............Floods
(electricity) ............Hazardous areas
............DC power transmission ............Hazardous materials
............Flexible AC transmission systems ............Toxicology
............HVDC transmission ........Health and safety
............Inductive power transmission ............Occupational health
............Static VAr compensators ............Occupational safety
............Transmission lines ........Marine safety
............Wireless power transmission ........Product safety
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Protection ........Multimedia databases

............Explosion protection ........Object oriented databases
............Lightning protection ........Relational databases
............Radiation protection ........Spatial databases
........Radiation safety ........Transaction databases
............Radiation protection ............Itemsets
........Safety devices ........Visual databases
............Eye protection ....Global communication
............Fire extinguishers ........Cross-cultural communication
............Protective clothing ........Geographic information systems
........Safety management ............Geospatial analysis
........Vehicle safety ............Gunshot detection systems
............Advanced driver assistance ....Grammar
systems ....Information analysis
............Lane departure warning systems ........Decision analysis
............Lane detection ........Indexing
....Vehicle crash testing ....Information integrity
....Information resources
Professional communication ....Information retrieval
........Blogs
....Collaboration ........Content-based retrieval
........Collaborative tools ........Dimensionality reduction
............Call conference ........Hypertext systems
............Collaborative software ........Information filtering
............Videoconferences ............Information filters
........Discussion forums ............Recommender systems
........Teamwork ........Information rates
........Virtual groups ........Music information retrieval
....Communication aids ........Online services
........Closed captioning ............Online banking
....Communication effectiveness ........Search engines
....Communication symbols ........Search methods
........Semiotics ............Keyword search
............Pragmatics ............Metasearch
............Semantics ............Search problems
............Syntactics ............Semantic search
....Context ............Web search
....Databases ........Social networking (online)
........Database systems ............Computer mediated communication
............Audio databases ............Facebook
............Deductive databases ............Flickr
............Image databases ............LinkedIn
............Indexes ............MySpace
............Multimedia databases ............Second Life
............NoSQL databases ............Twitter
............Object oriented databases ............YouTube
............Query processing ........Tagging
........Deductive databases ............Tag clouds
........Distributed databases ........Taxonomy
........Image databases ........Terminology
............Image retrieval ............Dictionaries
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Video sharing ............Energy informatics

............Facebook ............Neuroinformatics
............MySpace ........Information architecture
............YouTube ............Enterprise architecture
........Vocabulary management
........Web sites ........Information management
............Facebook ............Common Information Model
............MySpace (computing)
............Uniform resource locators ............Common Information Model
............Web design (electricity)
............YouTube ............Competitive intelligence
....Information science ............Digital preservation
........Quantum information science ............Document handling
....Information services ............Enterprise architecture
........Ask IEEE management
........Dictionaries ............Information security
........Document delivery ............Information sharing
............Ask IEEE ............Knowledge transfer
........Encyclopedias ........Information processing
........Libraries ............Electronic healthcare
............Software libraries ............Informatics
........Teletext ............Information exchange
........Videotex ............Sonification
........Wikipedia ........Management information systems
....Information systems ............Portals
........Data systems ........Medical information systems
............Data acquisition ............Electronic medical records
............Data centers ....Information technology
............Data compression ........Bring your own device
............Data conversion ........Information age
............Data engineering ........Information and communication
............Data handling technology
............Data processing ............Ambient assisted living
............Data storage systems ........Information representation
............Data warehouses ............Digital representation
........Database systems ........Printing
............Audio databases ............Digital printing
............Deductive databases ............Ink jet printing
............Image databases ............Teleprinting
............Indexes ............Three-dimensional printing
............Multimedia databases ........Semantic technology
............NoSQL databases ........Service computing
............Object oriented databases ........Telematics
............Query processing ........Universal Serial Bus
........Distributed information systems ....Manuals
............Distributed management ....Meetings
............Publish-subscribe ........Conferences
........Identity management systems ....Oral communication
........Informatics ........Public speaking
............Bioinformatics ........Speech
............Cognitive informatics ....Plagiarism
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

....Portfolios ........Ferromagnetic resonance

....Professional societies ........Nuclear magnetic resonance
....Public speaking ........Paramagnetic resonance
....Rhetoric ....Resonance light scattering
....Writing ....Stochastic resonance
........Abstracts
........Bibliographies Robotics and automation
........Biographies
............Autobiographies ....Animatronics
........Dictionaries ....Automation
........Documentation ........Automated highways
............Point of care ........Automatic generation control
........Grammar ........Automatic testing
........Readability metrics ............Automatic test pattern generation
........Resumes ............Ring generators
........Reviews ........Building automation
........Thesauri ........Manufacturing automation
............Computer aided manufacturing
Reliability ............Computer integrated manufacturing
............Computer numerical control
....Availability ............Flexible manufacturing systems
....Fault diagnosis ........Office automation
........Dissolved gas analysis ............Workflow management software
........Fault location ........Storage automation
....Fault tolerance ........Vehicular automation
........Fault tolerant control ....Autonomous systems
........Redundancy ........Autonomous robots
....Fluctuations ........Autonomous vehicles
....Integrated circuit reliability ............Unmanned autonomous vehicles
....Maintenance ....Multi-robot systems
....Maldistribution ........Swarm robotics
....Materials reliability ....Robots
....Reliability engineering ........Agricultural robots
....Reliability theory ........Androids
....Robustness ........Aquatic robots
....Semiconductor device reliability ........Automata
....Software reliability ............Turing machines
....Stability ........Autonomous robots
........Circuit stability ........Cognitive robotics
........Robust stability ........Computer vision
........Stability analysis ............Active appearance model
............Stability criteria ............Blob detection
........Thermal stability ............Corner detection
....Telecommunication network reliability ............Face detection
........Diversity schemes ............Feature detection
............Interest point detection
Resonance ............Smart cameras
............Visual odometry
....Ferroresonance ........Educational robots
....Magnetic resonance ........Evolutionary robotics
........Antiferromagnetic resonance ........Humanoid robots
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Intelligent robots ........Biochemistry

........Manipulators ............Amino acids
............End effectors ............Biochemical analysis
............Manipulator dynamics ............Peptides
............Micromanipulators ............Proteins
........Medical robotics ............Receptor (biochemistry)
............Rehabilitation robotics ........Biodiversity
........Mobile robots ............Biogeography
............Autonomous automobiles ........Bioelectric phenomena
............Climbing robots ............Electric shock
............Legged locomotion ........Biological cells
........Orbital robotics ............Cell signaling
........Parallel robots ............Cells (biology)
........Rehabilitation robotics ............Chromosome mapping
........Rescue robots ............Fibroblasts
........Robot control ............RNA
............Robot motion ............Stem cells
........Robot kinematics ........Biological information theory
............Motion analysis ........Biological processes
........Robot learning ............Biological interactions
........Robot programming ............Chronobiology
........Robot sensing systems ............Circadian rhythm
............Robot vision systems ............Coagulation
............Simultaneous localization and ............Molecular biology
mapping ............Symbiosis
............Tactile sensors ........Biological system modeling
........Service robots ........Biological systems
........Snake robots ............Anatomy
........Soft robotics ............Molecular communication
........Telerobotics (telecommunication)
............Teleoperators ............Organisms
........Visual odometry ........Biology computing
........Wearable robots ........Biophotonics
........Biophysics
Science – general ............Aerospace biophysics
............Biomagnetics
....Astronomy ............Cellular biophysics
........Astrophysics ............Molecular biophysics
............Orbits ........Cryobiology
............Stellar dynamics ........Evolution (biology)
........Extrasolar planets ............Memetics
............Extrasolar planetary atmospheres ............Phylogeny
............Extrasolar planetary mass ........Genetics
........Observatories ............DNA
........Radio astronomy ............Gene therapy
........Solar system ............Genetic communication
............Kuiper belt ............Genetic expression
............Planets ............Genetic programming
............Satellites ............Genomics
............Sun ........Homeostasis
....Biology ........Mechanobiology
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Microbiology ........Piezoelectricity
............Electroporation ............Piezoelectric effect
........Microinjection ............Piezoelectric polarization
........Nanobioscience ........Pyroelectricity
............DNA computing ........Thermoelectricity
............Nanobiotechnology ............Electrothermal effects
........Physiology ............Peltier effect
............Action potentials ............Thermoelectric devices
............External stimuli ............Thermoelectric materials
............Neuromodulation ........Triboelectricity
........Predator prey systems ....Geoscience
........Synthetic biology ........Antarctica
........Systematics ............South Pole
........Systems biology ........Arctic
........Vegetation ............North Pole
............Crops ........Atmosphere
............Marine vegetation ............Air quality
........Zoology ............Atmospheric modeling
............Animals ............Atmospheric waves
....Chemistry ........Biosphere
........Astrochemistry ........Continents
........Biochemistry ............Africa
............Amino acids ............Asia
............Biochemical analysis ............Australia
............Peptides ............Europe
............Proteins ............North America
............Receptor (biochemistry) ............South America
........Chemical analysis ........Cyclones
............Activation analysis ............Hurricanes
............Chemical processes ............Tropical cyclones
............Chemicals ........Earth
............Electronic noses ........Earthquakes
............pH measurement ............Earthquake engineering
........Chemical compounds ........Forestry
............Anti-freeze ........Geochemistry
............Bromine compounds ........Geoengineering
............Chalcogenides ........Geography
............Ethanol ............Rural areas
............Methanol ............Urban areas
............Radiotracer ........Geology
........Geochemistry ............Minerals
........Inorganic chemicals ............Rocks
........Interstellar chemistry ........Geophysics
........Organic chemicals ............EMTDC
............Hydrocarbons ............Extraterrestrial phenomena
........Photochemistry ............Geodynamics
............Photobleaching ............Geophysics computing
............Photocatalysis ............Meteorology
....Electricity ............Moisture
........Photoelectricity ............Seismology
............Photovoltaic effects ............Surface waves
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Well logging ............Acoustic phonetics

........Ice ............Acoustic propagation
............Ice shelf ............Acoustic pulses
............Ice surface ............Acoustic waves
............Ice thickness ............Acoustooptic effects
............Sea ice ............Biomedical acoustics
........Lakes ............Cepstral analysis
........Land surface ............Music
........Levee ............Nonlinear acoustics
........Meteorological factors ............Psychoacoustics
........Oceanography ............Reverberation
............Ocean circulation ............Spectral shape
........Oceans ............Underwater acoustics
............Ocean salinity ........Astrophysics
............Ocean temperature ............Orbits
............Sea coast ............Stellar dynamics
............Sea floor ........Beams
............Sea level ............Acoustic beams
............Sea surface ............Laser beams
............Tides ............Molecular beams
........Rivers ............Optical beams
........Sediments ............Particle beams
........Soil ........Biophysics
............Soil moisture ............Aerospace biophysics
............Soil properties ............Biomagnetics
............Soil texture ............Cellular biophysics
........Tornadoes ............Molecular biophysics
........Tsunami ........Dark energy
........Volcanoes ........Entropy
............Planetary volcanoes ........Fluid flow
............Volcanic activity ............Fluid dynamics
............Volcanic ash ............Hydraulic diameter
........Wetlands ............Hydrology
....History ............Pipelines
....Life sciences ............Valves
....Metrology ........Geophysics
........Optical metrology ............EMTDC
....Neuroscience ............Extraterrestrial phenomena
........Clinical neuroscience ............Geodynamics
........Cognitive neuroscience ............Geophysics computing
........Computational neuroscience ............Meteorology
........Neuroinformatics ............Moisture
........Systems neuroscience ............Seismology
........Transcranial direct current stimulation ............Surface waves
........Transcranial magnetic stimulation ............Well logging
....Physics ........High energy physics
........Acoustics ........Kinetic theory
............Acoustic applications ............Kinetic energy
............Acoustic devices ........Levitation
............Acoustic emission ............Electrostatic levitation
............Acoustic noise ............Magnetic levitation
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Lorentz covariance ............Thermoelectricity

........Mechanical factors ............Thermolysis
............Acceleration ............Thermooptic effects
............Aerodynamics ............Thermoresistivity
............Biomechanics ........Waves
............Damping ............Atmospheric waves
............Dynamics ............Berry phase
............Fatigue ............Doppler effect
............Force ............Electrodynamics
............Friction ............Magnetostatic waves
............Hydrodynamics ............Matter waves
............Kinematics ............Plasma waves
............Lubrication ............Propagation
............Magnetohydrodynamics ............Reflectivity
............Photoelasticity ............Seismic waves
............Pressure effects ............Shock waves
............Shock (mechanics) ............Solitons
............Strain ............Surface acoustic waves
............Stress ............Wave functions
............Surface cracks ....Social sciences
............Torque ........Behavioral sciences
............Vibrations ............Animal behavior
............Volume relaxation ............Cognition
............Workability ............Consumer behavior
........Network theory (graphs) ............Psychiatry
........Physics education ............Psychology
........Quantum mechanics ............Social intelligence
............Coherence time ........Journalism
............Density functional theory ........Psychology
............Lagrangian functions ............Active perception
............Proton effects ............Emotional responses
............Quantum capacitance ............Industrial psychology
............Quantum cryptography ............Mental health
............Quantum entanglement ............Mood
............Quantum information science ............Neuropsychology
............Quantum key distribution ............Psychometric testing
............Relativistic quantum mechanics ........Sociology
............Schrodinger equation ............Digital divide
............Stationary state ............Social groups
............Teleportation ............Social intelligence
............Tunneling ....Thermodynamics
........Solid-state physics ........Enthalpy
........String theory ........Isobaric
........Thermal factors ........Isothermal processes
............Temperature
............Temperature dependence Sensors
............Thermal conductivity
............Thermal expansion ....Acoustic sensors
............Thermal management ....Chemical and biological sensors
............Thermal stresses ........Biosensors
............Thermoelasticity ........Gas detectors
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Amperometric sensors ........Electrothermal actuators

....Electromechanical sensors ........Temperature sensors
........Microsensors ............Thermometers
....Force sensors ....Thick film sensors
....Glucose sensors ....Thin film sensors
....Inertial sensors ....Vision sensors
....Infrared sensors ....Wearable sensors
....Intelligent sensors
....Intracranial pressure sensors Signal processing
....Ionizing radiation sensors
........Position sensitive particle detectors ....Acoustic signal processing
........Radiation detectors ........Active noise reduction
............Bolometers ............Echo cancellers
............Gamma-ray detectors ........Speech processing
............Infrared detectors ............Human voice
............Photodetectors ............Speech enhancement
............Semiconductor radiation detectors ............Speech synthesis
............Silicon radiation detectors ............Voice activity detection
........X-ray detectors ....Adaptive signal processing
....Magnetic sensors ........Adaptive filters
........Spin valves ........Adaptive signal detection
....Mechanical sensors ....Amplifiers
........Capacitive sensors ........Broadband amplifiers
....Multimodal sensors ........Differential amplifiers
....Nanosensors ........Distributed amplifiers
....Optical sensors ........Low-noise amplifiers
........Optical detectors ........Operational amplifiers
............Bar codes ............Feedback amplifiers
........Optical fiber sensors ........Power amplifiers
....Optoelectronic and photonic sensors ............High power amplifiers
....Pressure sensors ............Predistortion
....Sensor phenomena and characterization ........Preamplifiers
....Sensor systems and applications ........Pulse amplifiers
........Detectors ........Radiofrequency amplifiers
............Envelope detectors ........Resonators
............Semiconductor detectors ............Cavity resonators
........Electric sensing devices ............Split ring resonators
........Leak detection ....Array signal processing
........Radiofrequency identification ....Attenuators
............RFID tags ........Optical attenuators
........Robot sensing systems ....Chirp
............Robot vision systems ....Convolution
............Simultaneous localization and ........Convolvers
mapping ....Decorrelation
............Tactile sensors ....Digital signal processing
........Sensor arrays ........Delta modulation
............Sensor fusion ............Delta-sigma modulation
........Sensor systems ............Sigma-delta modulation
............Activity recognition ........Digital signal processing chips
............Gunshot detection systems ....Dispersion
....Thermal sensors ........Chromatic dispersion
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Optical fiber dispersion ....Modulation

....Distortion ........Amplitude modulation
........Acoustic distortion ............Amplitude shift keying
........Four-wave mixing ............Quadrature amplitude modulation
........Jitter ........Chirp modulation
............Timing jitter ........Demodulation
........Nonlinear distortion ........Digital modulation
............Harmonic distortion ............Constellation diagram
............Intermodulation distortion ............Partial response signaling
........Phase distortion ........Frequency modulation
....Error correction ............Frequency shift keying
........Forward error correction ........Magnetic modulators
....Fading channels ........Modulation coding
........Frequency-selective fading channels ............Interleaved codes
........Rayleigh channels ........Optical modulation
........Weibull fading channels ............Electrooptic modulators
....Filters ............Intensity modulation
........Active filters ........Phase modulation
............Band-pass filters ............Continuous phase modulation
........Anisotropic ............Differential phase shift keying
........Bragg gratings ............Phase shift keying
............Fiber gratings ........Pulse modulation
........Channel bank filters ........Pulse width modulation
........Comb filters ............Pulse width modulation inverters
........Digital filters ............Space vector pulse width
............Finite impulse response filters modulation
........Equalizers ....Multidimensional signal processing
............Adaptive equalizers ........Video signal processing
............Blind equalizers ............Motion artifacts
............Decision feedback equalizers ............Video coding
........Filtering theory ............Video compression
............Image filtering ....Noise
........Gabor filters ........1/f noise
........Harmonic filters ........Additive noise
........IIR filters ............Additive white noise
........Kalman filters ............AWGN
........Low-pass filters ........Colored noise
........Matched filters ........Gaussian noise
........Microstrip filters ............AWGN
........Nonlinear filters ........Laser noise
........Notch filters ............Laser feedback
........Particle filters ........Low-frequency noise
........Power filters ........Noise cancellation
............Spurline ........Phase noise
........Resonator filters ........Signal to noise ratio
........Spatial filters ............PSNR
........Superconducting filters ........Superconducting device noise
........Transversal filters ........White noise
....Frequency locked loops ............AWGN
....Geophysical signal processing ....Optical signal processing
....Limiting ........Laser noise
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Laser feedback ........Multiuser detection

....Optical wavelength conversion ........Optical signal detection
....Phase locked loops ........Phase detection
....Pulse compression methods ............Phase frequency detector
........Optical pulse compression ........Radar detection
....Pulse shaping methods ....Signal generators
........Optical pulse shaping ........Noise generators
....Quantization (signal) ........Pulse generation
........Vector quantization ............Optical pulse generation
....Radar signal processing ....Signal integrity
....Received signal strength indicator ....Signal reconstruction
....Recording ........Signal denoising
........Audio recording ....Signal resolution
........Digital recording ........Diversity reception
........Disk recording ....Signal restoration
........Magnetic recording ....Signal sampling
............Digital magnetic recording ....Signal synthesis
............Heat-assisted magnetic recording ....Source separation
............Magnetic noise ........Blind source separation
............Magnetooptic recording ....Spectrogram
............Microwave-assisted magnetic ....Tracking loops
recording
............Perpendicular magnetic recording Social implications of technology
............Shingled magnetic recording
........Optical recording ....Cultural differences
............CD recording ....Environmental factors
........Video recording ........Biosphere
............High definition video ........Climate change
............Videos ............Global warming
............Webcams ........Ecology
....RF signals ........Ecosystems
....Signal analysis ............Wetlands
........Discrete-event systems ........Environmental economics
........Harmonic analysis ............Carbon tax
........Parameter estimation ............Emissions trading
............Amplitude estimation ........Environmental monitoring
............Direction-of-arrival estimation ........Global warming
............Frequency estimation ........Green manufacturing
............Motion estimation ........Green products
............Phase estimation ............Green buildings
............Time of arrival estimation ............Green cleaning
........Signal mapping ........Green transportation
........Spectral analysis ........Pollution
............Infrared spectra ............Air pollution
............Judd-Ofelt theory ............Emissions trading
............Spectroradiometers ............Industrial pollution
....Signal design ............Land pollution
....Signal detection ............Oil pollution
........Acoustic signal detection ............Radioactive pollution
............Sonar detection ............Thermal pollution
........Motion detection ............Urban pollution
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

............Water pollution ............JFETs

....Ethical aspects ............MESFETs
....Ethics ............MISFETs
........Cyberethics ............MODFETs
....Globalization ............MOSFET
....International relations ............MOSHFETs
....Peace technology ............OFETs
....Philosophical considerations ............Schottky gate field effect transistors
....Social factors ............TFETs
........Demography ............Thin film transistors
........Developing countries ........Heterojunction bipolar transistors
........Technology social factors ............Double heterojunction bipolar
............Privacy transistors
....Sustainable development ........Millimeter wave transistors
....Technology ........Phototransistors
........Appropriate technology ........Static induction transistors
........Disruptive technologies
........Neurotechnology Superconductivity
........Technological innovation
........Technology social factors ....Bean model
............Privacy ....Critical current density
........Technology transfer (superconductivity)
............Small business technology transfer ........Critical current density
........Telepresence ....Flux pinning
........Telexistence ....Superconducting devices
........Josephson junctions
Solid state circuits ........SQUIDs
........Superconducting coils
....Circuit subsystems ........Superconducting magnets
....Circuit theory ........Superconducting microwave devices
....FET circuits ........Superconducting photodetectors
........FET integrated circuits ....Superconducting filaments and wires
............Field effect MMIC ....Superconducting films
............MESFET integrated circuits ........Superconducting thin films
........JFET circuits ....Superconducting integrated circuits
............JFET integrated circuits ....Superconducting magnetic energy
........MESFET circuits storage
............MESFET integrated circuits ....Superconducting materials
........MODFET circuits ........Granular superconductors
............MODFET integrated circuits ........High-temperature superconductors
........MOSFET circuits ............Yttrium barium copper oxide
............CMOSFET circuits ........Multifilamentary superconductors
............MOS integrated circuits ........Niobium-tin
............Power MOSFET ........Type II superconductors
....Gate leakage ....Superconducting transition temperature
....Solid state circuit design ....Superconductive tunneling
....Transistors
........Field effect transistors
............CNTFETs
............Double-gate FETs
............HEMTs
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

Systems engineering and theory ........Semiconductor process modeling

........Signal representation
....Adaptive systems ........Simulation
........Adaptive control ............Computer simulation
........Cognitive radar ............Digital simulation
........Line enhancers ............Hardware-in-the-loop simulation
........Multi-agent systems ............Medical simulation
............Collaborative intelligence ............Systems simulation
........Variable structure systems ........Solid modeling
....Capability engineering ........System identification
....Complex systems ........Systems modeling
....Configuration management ....Multidimensional systems
....Hierarchical systems ....Network systems
........Multilevel systems ........DC distribution systems
....Integrated design ....Physical design
....Interface management ....Reduced order systems
....Modeling ....Requirements engineering
........Analytical models ........Technical requirements
............Common Information Model ....Requirements management
(computing) ....Service-oriented systems engineering
........Atmospheric modeling ....Solution design
........Brain modeling ....Stochastic systems
........Building information management ....System analysis and design
........Computational modeling ........Asymptotic stability
............Agent-based modeling ........Control system analysis
............Computational cultural modeling ............State-space methods
............Reversible computing ........Diakoptics
........Context modeling ........Distributed processing
........Data models ............Dew computing
............Data-driven modeling ............Edge computing
............Metadata ............Message passing
........Data-driven modeling ........Distributed vision networks
........Deformable models ........Fault detection
........Digital elevation models ........Fault tolerant systems
........Emulation ........Interconnected systems
........Graphical models ............Botnet
........Green's function methods ........Large-scale systems
........Hidden Markov models ........Lyapunov methods
........Input variables ........Open systems
........Integrated circuit modeling ............Open Access
............Cutoff frequency ............Open Educational Resources
........Inverse problems ............Physical layer
............Deconvolution ........Petri nets
........Load modeling ........Physical design
........Metamodeling ........Robust control
........Numerical models ........Scalability
........Object oriented modeling ........Scattering parameters
........Power system modeling ........Sequential analysis
............Load modeling ............Zero correlation zone
........Process modeling ........Sequential diagnosis
........Semiconductor device modeling ........Software prototyping
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Static analysis ............Emotional responses

........System dynamics ............Industrial psychology
........System performance ............Mental health
............Cooperative caching ............Mood
........System-level design ............Neuropsychology
........Systems modeling ............Psychometric testing
........Systems Modeling Language ........Social intelligence
........Task analysis ....Biological control systems
........Time factors ........Biomarkers
............Continuous time systems ............Molecular biomarkers
............Discrete-time systems ....Computational linguistics
............Time invariant systems ........Sentiment analysis
............Time-varying systems ....Cybernetics
....System implementation ........Adaptive systems
....System improvement ............Adaptive control
....System integration ............Cognitive radar
....System of systems ............Line enhancers
........Cyber-physical systems ............Multi-agent systems
............Digital twin ............Variable structure systems
....System realization ........Cognitive informatics
....System validation ........Cognitive science
........System testing ............Human intelligence
............Model checking ............Problem-solving
....System verification ........Control theory
........System testing ............Control nonlinearities
............Model checking ............Iterative learning control
....Systems architecture ............Observability
....Systems engineering education ........Decision theory
....Systems operation ............Decision trees
....Systems simulation ............TOPSIS
....Systems support ........Econophysics
....Systems thinking ........Emergent phenomena
....Task analysis ........Intelligent control
....Technical management ............Feedforward systems
........Maintenance management ............Neurocontrollers
........Technical planning ........Linear feedback control systems
............Frequency locked loops
Systems, man, and cybernetics ............Phase locked loops
............State feedback
....Behavioral sciences ............Tracking loops
........Animal behavior ....Ergonomics
........Cognition ........Job design
............Activity recognition ........Smart spaces
............Cognitive neuroscience ........User experience
............Cognitive processes ....Human factors
............Self-aware ........Anthropomorphism
........Consumer behavior ........Human image synthesis
........Psychiatry ........Human intelligence
............Mental disorders ........Mental health
........Psychology ........Technology acceptance model
............Active perception ....Identification of persons
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Biometrics (access control) ............Immersive experience

............Face recognition ............Telepresence
............Fingerprint recognition ............Telexistence
............Gait recognition ........Human-robot interaction
............Iris recognition ........Human-vehicle systems
............Palmprint recognition ........Smart cards
........Face recognition
........Fingerprint recognition Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and
........Handwriting recognition frequency control
............Forgery
........Speaker recognition ....Ferroelectric materials
........Speech recognition ........Ferroelectric films
............Automatic speech recognition ........Relaxor ferroelectrics
............Speech analysis ....Frequency control
....Man-machine systems ........Automatic frequency control
........Extended reality ........Tunable circuits and devices
........Interactive systems ............RLC circuits
............External stimuli ............Tuned circuits
....Natural languages ........Tuning
........Linguistics ............Laser tuning
............Phonetics ............Optical tuning
............Pragmatics ............Tuners
........Natural language processing ....Piezoelectricity
............Chatbot ........Piezoelectric effect
............Morphology ........Piezoelectric polarization
............Sentiment analysis ....Pyroelectricity
............Tokenization ....Ultrasonic imaging
....Pervasive computing ........Ultrasonography
........Ubiquitous computing ............Sonogram
............Context-aware services ....Ultrasonic transducers
........Wearable computers
............Smart glasses Vehicular and wireless technologies
....Posthuman
....Teleworking ....Automotive engineering
....Transhuman ........Automotive applications
....User interfaces ........Automotive electronics
........Audio user interfaces ........Power steering
........Brain-computer interfaces ........Vehicle crash testing
........Data visualization ........Vehicle detection
............Isosurfaces ........Vehicle driving
........Emotion recognition ........Vehicle dynamics
........Exoskeletons ............Rollover
........Graphical user interfaces ........Vehicle safety
............Avatars ............Advanced driver assistance
........Human computer interaction systems
............Affective computing ............Lane departure warning systems
............Chatbot ............Lane detection
............Extended reality ....Land mobile radio equipment
............Gaze tracking ........Mobile antennas
............Head-mounted displays ....Navigation
............Head-up displays ........Aircraft navigation
2020 IEEE Taxonomy

........Course correction
........Dead reckoning
........Indoor navigation
........Inertial navigation
........Marine navigation
........Radio navigation
........Satellite navigation systems
............Global navigation satellite system
............Global Positioning System
............Satellite constellations
........Sonar navigation
....Propulsion
........Aerospace propulsion
........Aircraft propulsion
............Propellers
........Electromagnetic launching
............Coilguns
............Railguns
........Electrothermal launching
........Rockets
....Vehicles
........Connected vehicles
........Intelligent vehicles
............Autonomous vehicles
............Unmanned vehicles
............Vehicle-to-everything
........Land vehicles
............Bicycles
............Electric vehicles
............Road vehicles
........Military vehicles
........Space vehicles
............Space shuttles
....Wireless sensor networks
........Body sensor networks
........Event detection


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2020 IEEE

IEEE Taxonomy: A Subset Hierarchical Display of IEEE Thesaurus Terms

Aerospace and electronic systems ............Guns

........Sonar applications ........Receiving antennas

............Active inductors ............Analog-digital integrated circuits

............Automatic logic units ............Submillimeter wave integrated

............Particle filters ........Receivers

............Cyberspace ............Asynchronous communication

............Ultra reliable low latency ........NOMA

............Software radio ............Cognitive radio

........Frequency modulation ........Three-dimensional television

............Capacitive transducers ............Expert systems

............Fuzzy cognitive maps ........Physics computing

........Field buses ............Web 2.0

............Object oriented programming ....Concurrency control

............Botnet ............Social computing

............Superresolution ............Shift registers

........Ubiquitous computing ........Software safety

....Home automation ............Interrupters

........Size control ............High-k gate dielectrics

....Education courses ............Delay effects

........Intersymbol interference ............Heterojunctions

....Single electron devices ........Green design

............Suspensions (mechanical systems) ........Biological systems

........Medical information systems ............Laparoscopes

............Injuries ............Patient rehabilitation

............Employment law ........Ecosystems

....Terrestrial atmosphere ....IEEE indexing

........DICOM ........Optical flow

............CADCAM ............Automatic test equipment

....Electrostatic devices ............Agricultural products

............Oil refineries ........Machine components

............Welding ........Mass customization

............Blades ............Control charts

............Lightning protection ............Cryptographic hash function

........Parity check codes Instrumentation and measurement

........Length measurement ............Key performance indicator

........Environmental monitoring ............Combinatorial testing

........Public transportation ............Quantum well lasers

............Fiber nonlinear optics ............Electron optics

........Ferrite devices ........Garnet films

....Magnonics ............Iodine compounds

........Bismuth compounds ............Windows

............Viscosity ........Organic inorganic hybrid materials

............Organic semiconductors ........Hysteresis

........Alloying ............Neodymium compounds

............Adaptation models ........Differential equations

........Hilbert space ....Network theory (graphs)

............Circuit optimization ....Simulated annealing

........Discrete transforms ............MIMICs

........Nanowires ........Gamma-ray effects

............Magnetic confinement ....Ocean temperature

Power engineering and energy ............Wind farms

........Hybrid power systems ........PSCAD

........Protection ........Multimedia databases

........Video sharing ............Energy informatics

....Portfolios ........Ferromagnetic resonance

........Intelligent robots ........Biochemistry

............Well logging ............Acoustic phonetics

........Lorentz covariance ............Thermoelectricity

............Amperometric sensors ........Electrothermal actuators

........Optical fiber dispersion ....Modulation

............Laser feedback ........Multiuser detection

............Water pollution ............JFETs