CHAPTER 2: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF PHILIPPINE

LITERATURE
Pre-Colonial Period (--BC to 1564)
Oral traditions
Ideology and Phraseology
Reflecting daily life activities
Literary Forms
1. Oral Literature
A. Riddles
B. Proverbs
Tanaga
2. Folk Songs
A. Hele
B. Ambahan (Mangyan)
C. Kalusan (Ivatan)
D. Tagay (Cebuano)
E. Kanogan
3. Folk Tales
A. Myths
B. Legends
C. Fables
D. Fantastic Stories
4. Epics
A. Lam-Ang
B. Hinalawod
C. Kudaman
D. Darangen
Spanish Colonization Period (1565-1893)
Religious and Secular
Medium of Communication
Alibata
Christian Folk-Tale
Literary Forms
1. Religious Literature
A. Pasion
Long narrative poem
B. Senakulo
Dramatization
2. Secular(non-religious)Literature
A. Awit
Singing and Chanting
B. Korido
Metrical Tale
C. Prose Narratives
i. Dialogo
ii. Ejemplo
iii. Manual de Urbanidad
iv. Tratado
Nationalistic/Propaganda and Revolutionary Period(1864-1896)
Spanish to Tagalog
Intelligentisa
Literary Forms
1. Propaganda Literature
A. Political Essays
i. Dairiong Tagalog
ii. La Solidaridad
B. Political Novels
i. Noli Me Tangere
ii. El Felibusterismo
 2. Revolutionary Literature
A. Political Essays
B. Kalayaan
C. Poetry
Contemporary/Modern Period (1960-Present)
Repressed Martial Law
Curtailed Human Rights
Freedom of the Press
Theater as vehicle for protest
Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA)
UP Theater
Writers continue to show dynamism and innovation
Japanese Occupation (1942-1960)
War Years (1942-1944)
Wrote simple language and free verse
Fiction prevailed over poetry
A. Compilation of short story (1943)
i.Suyuan sa Tubigan- Macario Pineda
ii. Lupang Tinubuan- Narciso Reyes
iii. Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa- Liwayway Arceo
B. Period of Maturity and Originality (1945)
Bountiful harvest in poetry, fiction, drama and essay
Writers mastered English language
Literary "giants" appeared
Palanca Awards for Literature
Jose Garcia Villa
Nick Juaquin
NVM Gonzales
Bienvenido Santos
Gregorio Brillantes
Gilda Cordero Fernando
National Artist Award
Jose Garcia Villa
Nick Juaquin
American Colonial Period (1910-1945)
Amateurish and Mushy Poem
English language became medium of writing
Sarsuwela replaced by Drama
Women enhanced their talents
Literary Forms
A. Short Stories
B. Novels
Period of Emergence(1920-1930)
Jose Garcia Villa- Poet of the Century