3.

i)

(r ʌ (p  q)) ↔ (r ʌ ((r  p)  q))

p q r a b c d e b↔e
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Hence, (r ʌ (p  q)) Û (r ʌ ((r  p)  q))

ii)

r ʌ ((r  p)  q)
Û r ʌ ((Ør  p)  q) substitution a  b Û Øa  b
Û r ʌ (Ø(Ør  p)  q) substitution a  b Û Øa  b
Û r ʌ ((r ʌ Ø p)  q) De Morgan
Û (r ʌ (r ʌ Ø p))  (r ʌ q) Distributive law
Û (r ʌ Øp)  (r ʌ q) Idempotent law
Û r ʌ (Øp  q) Distributive law
Û r ʌ (p  q) substitution a  b Û Øa  b

iii)
The statement – r ʌ a Û r ʌ d – is not necessarily true (check with truth table),
In particular, check from the truth table in (a) that a Û d is not true/
Thus, (p  q) Û ((r  p)  q) is not true.
 b)

I am not an animal lover but I love cats. If either I love cats or I do not eat anything with feet,
then I am an animal lover. Therefore, I am a carnivorous vegetarian orang-utan.

p: I am a cat lover (p q) r
q: I am an animal lover (p r)
r: I am a carnivorous vegetarian orang-utan . ,
q

1) (p  r) premise
2) p ʌ r step (1) and De Morgan
3) r step (2) and Conjunctive Simplification
4) (p  q)  r premise
5) p  q steps (3) & (4) and Modus Tollens
6) p step (2) Conjunctive Simplification
7) q steps (4) & (5) and Disjunctive Syllogism

4.
a)
i.
A
A B C B BÈC LHS AÈB (A È B) (A È B) È C RHS
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 LHS = RHS
0 1 1 0 1 The
1 1 0 1 0 0
equality is
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
true
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
 ii.
(A–B)–(B–C)=A–B

 A Ç (( A – B )) De Morgan and Double Complement

 A Ç (( A – B )) Ç ( B – C )) Distributive law
 A Ç ( A – B) Absorption Law

b)

(i)Venn diagram
V 54
H
8 30
40
125

7
10
5
3
25 24

30
20
A 49

ii)
125 = (49 + 65 + 54 + 25)
– (15 + 12 + 10) + x
= 180 – 37 + x = 143 + x
x=7

iii)
24 + 20 + 10 = 54

iv)
= 54