SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF CHAPTER#1 1

SECOND YEAR
Q#1
The potential is constant throughout a given region of space .is the
electric field is zero or non zero in this region?
Ans#1:
Electric field E and potential difference are related by equation, E
=∆ v/∆ r
When the potential is taken as constant which means v= constant then
the potential difference becomes zero ∆ v=0 so,
E =0/r ∆ → E=0
This shows that electric field is zero in a region of where the potential is
constant
Q#2:
Suppose that you follow an electric field line due to a positive point
charge .do electric field and the potential increases or decreases?
Ans#2:
Relation for the electric field and and electric potential are
E= 1/4π ε0 x q/ r2 and v=1/4π ε0 x q/ r
this gives for same charge

E α 1/ r2 Vα 1/ r
When we follow electric field line due to positive charge, distance from
positive charge increases which cases to decrease electric field and
potential.
Q#3:
How can you identify that which plate of a capacitor is positively
charged?
Ans#3:
When a freely suspended positively charged gold leaf of electroscope is
brought near to one of the plates of capacitor the divergence to gold leaf
shows that the plate of the capacitor is positively charge d otherwise
negatively charged..
Q#4:
Describe the force or forces on a positive point charge when placed
between parallel plates,
(a) With similar and equal charges.
(b) With opposite and equal charges.
Prepared By; Asif Rasheed BS(Hons) Physics
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SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF CHAPTER#1 2
SECOND YEAR
Ans#4:
The electric force F on a charge q due to eclectic field E is given by
F= qE
(A) When a positive point charge is placed between parallel plates with
similar and equal charges. it will experience no electric force because
electric field between the plate is zero . F=qE
F=q(0) =0 → F=0
(B) When a positive pint charge is placed between the plates of the
Scapacitor it will experience electric force , F=qE S

Due to electric field set up from positive to negative .

Q#5:
Electric lines of forces never cross each other. Why?
Ans#5:
No, two electric lines of forces never cross each other because “E” only
one direction at a given point .if two lines cross each other then there
will be more directions at a point which is impossible.
Q#6:
If appoint charge q of mass m is released in a non uniform electric
field with field lines pointing in the same direction, will it make a
rectilinear motion?
Ans#6:
Motion along a straight line is called rectilinear motion when a charge
“q” of mass “m” is released in a non uniform electric field. It will not
move in a straight line and adopts irregular path due to variable electric
field.
Q#7:
Is E necessarily zero inside a charged rubber balloon if balloon is
spherical? assume that charge is distributed uniformly over the
surface ?
Ans#7:

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Contact#0344-7846394
SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF CHAPTER#1 3
SECOND YEAR
Yes E is necessarily zero inside a charged rubber balloon if balloon is
spherical and enclosed no charge but chage is distributed uniformly over
its surface. According to Gauss’s law.

Фe =q/ε0 =0/ ε0 =0 → Фe = 0 --------1

From definition, Фe = E.A--------2
Putting equation 1 in eq 2 0= E.A A # 0 so,
E=0
Q#8:
Is it true that Gauss’s law states that the total number of lines of
forces crossing any closed surface in the outward direction is
proportional to the net positive charge enclosed within surface?
Ans#8:
Yes it is true that total no of lines of forces crossing any closed surface
in outward direction proportional to the net positive charge according
with surface in the outward direction proportional to the net positive
charge enclosed with in the surface .
According to Gauss’s law,
Фe =q/ε0 = constant x q
→ Фe α q here
q = net positive charge .
Фe =no of electric lines of force
Hence no of electric lines of forces are proportional to net positive
charge
Q#9:
Do electrons tend to go to region of high potential or of low
potential?
Ans#9:
Electrons tend to go to a region of high potential because high potential
is more positive than the lower potential as the charge on electron is
negative.

CHAPER @ 02
QUESTIONS AND ANSERS
Prepared By; Asif Rasheed BS(Hons) Physics
Contact#0344-7846394
SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF CHAPTER#1 4
SECOND YEAR
Q#1:
A potential difference is applied across the ends of a copper wire .what is the
effect of drift velocity
(1) Increasing the potential difference.
(2) decreasing the length and the temperature of the wire.
Ans#
The uniform velocity that the free electrons acqure opposite to the electric field of
battery is called the drift velocity.
(1) the increase of potential difference makes the electric field strong
which cases to increase the drift velocity
(2) the decrease in length an temperature of the wire which causes
to to increase the drift velocity of the free electron in the wire.
Q#2:
Do bends in wire effects it’s electrical resistance?
Ans#
We know that R=ρ l/A with bends in a wire , its length (L) and area of
cross section (A) remains the same .hence bends in a wire do not affect
the electrical resistance (R) of the wire .
Q#4:
Why does the resistance of a conductor rise with temperature?
Ans#
As temperature of the conductor rises the irrational amplitude of the
atoms of the conductor increases and hence the probability of collisions
of free electrons with them increases .at high temperature , the atoms
offer a bigger target area to free electrons to collide with them and
resistance of conducer increases.

Q5#:
what are the difficulties in testing whether the filament of lighting bulb obeys ohm
law?
Ans#
At the beginning, when bulb is turned ON its filament is at low low
temrature and it obeys Ohm’s law. I α V
Later on when current rises to its maximum value .the maximum
power P=I2R dissipated across the filament which increases resistance
but current increases at lower rate and does not obey ohm’s law
Q#6:

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SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF CHAPTER#1 5
SECOND YEAR
Is the filament resistance lower or higher in a 500W, 220V light bulb than in 100W,
220V bulb
Ans#
Resistance of 1st bulb= R1=?
Resistance of 2nd bulb =R2=?
Power of first bulb =P1=500 watts
Power of 2nd bulb=P2=100 watts
Voltage =V=220 volts
By applying the formula, P=V2/R → R=V2/P
st
For1 bulb = R1=V2/P1 (220)2/500 = 48400/500 = 96.8Ω
nd
For 2 bulb =R2=V2/P2 (220)2/500 = 48400/100 = 484Ω
Q#7:
Describe a circuit which will giva a continuously varying potential?
Ans#
Potentiometer is an instrument which gives continuously varying
potential. Its circuit dia gram is given as.© when the sliding contact C
is moved from A to B ,r

varies from O to R and potential varies from O to E the current fllowing

through is given by ; I=E/R …………1)
The potential drops across
‘r” is given by V=Ir as I=E/R so
V=E/R xr V= r/R E ………………2)
This gives us continuously varying potential

Q#8:
Explain why the terminal potential difference of a battery decreases when a current
drawn from it is increased?
Ans#
The terminal potential difference is given by /
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SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF CHAPTER#1 6
SECOND YEAR
Vt= E –Ir ………1)
The emf E of cell is constant .when current I through is increases ,the
product Ir increases which cases to decrease the the terminal potential
difference Vt.
Q#9:
What is the wheat stone bridge? How can it be used to determine an unknown
resistance?
Ans#
An electrical circuit devised by professor Charles Wheatstone used to
determine unknown resistance is called wheat stone bridge .
It consists of four resistances R1,R2,R3,and R4. connected in the form
of mesh ABCDA . a bettry of emf E is connected between points A
and C through a switch S .a sensitive galvanometer is of resistance Rg is
connected between points B and D.
Its equation is , R1/R2 = R3/R4 ……….1)
Determination of unknown resistance:
To determine unknown resistance in the arm containing R4 (R4 =Rx
Then known value of R1,R2. and R3are so adjusted that galvanometer
no deflection .then from equation no i
R1/R2 = R3/Rx x = R2/R2 x R3

Prepared By; Asif Rasheed BS(Hons) Physics

Contact#0344-7846394