CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Research Design

The writer will conduct action reseach. Action research is simply a form of

self-reflective enquiry under taken by participants in social situations in order to

improve the rationally and justice of their own practices, their understanding of

these practices, and the situations in which the practices are carried out (Carr and

Kemmis 1986) Ghttp:/www.infed.org/research/b-actres.htm). These are the

reasons for which the writer would like to conduct action research;

1. To obtain information on how effective reading method in improving the

students` vocabulary skill.

The writer will use
quantitative methods in collecting, presenting and analyzing

data. Wallen (1993) says that quantitative data are obtained when the variable

being studied is measured along the scale that indicates´how much´ of the

variable is present and also reported in terms of score. Qualitative research studies

that investigate the quality of relationships, activities, situations, or materials are

frequently (Wallen, 1993)

3.2. The Choice of Population and Sample

3.2.1. Population

According to Suharsimi (1996), population is the total number of the

subjects of an investigation. According to Hannagan in Selinger (1988) population

is a group of people (or items) about which information is being collecting.

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 The writer concluded that population is a number of groups interest to the

researcher, a number of groups which she would like to make the results of the

study to be reported.

In this case, the subjects of the research were the eight grade students of

SMP N 17 Batam in the academic year 2010/2011. The population in this study

was all of the eight grade students of SMP N 17 Batam which consists of four

class (VIIIA, VIIIB, VIIIC, VIII) in one class consist of 40 students.And the total

student of eighth grade is 160 students.

3.2.2 The technique of Sampling

Suharsimi (1979) says that a sample is a part of population that is observed

(Suharsimi, 2002). According to Sax (1979) a sample is a limited number of

elements selected from a population to represent the population.

The writer concludes that sample is a limited number of elements from a

proportion to represent population. In this research, the writer used a sampling

technique called cluster random sampling.

The step of taking sample are: first, write stratifies population into two

groups levels, namely: group A and B. There are two group of the second year

class. After stratifying population, the writer write the name of every class on a

piece, so the writer will get 1A and 1B for the second year , and 1C and 1D for the

second year too. After that, the writer lots them to determine the population taken

sample. In this research the writer takes two classes from the second year

(without paying attention the departement ). After that, at last the writer get

sample as follows:

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 1. Class 1A with 40 students.

2. Class 1B with 40 students.

So the total numbers of the sample are 80 students.

3.3. The Technique Of Collecting Data

This is an action research in which the writer uses reading text to improve

students¶ vocabulary mastery of the eight grade of SMP N 17 Batam. There were

three phases that was undertaken to get the data; pre-test, lessons by teacher and

pos-test.

1. pre-test

pre-test is a test that was done at the begining of action research. It was

done in order to obtain base result befor starting new methodology used by

the teacher. The writer conducted a pre-test to determine the vocabulary

level of the students before any lessons commenced.

2. Lessons by the teacher

The lesson given by the teacher to the students took the post-test. It was be

2 (two) lessons plan. Each lesson plan consist of one cycle, and one cycle

it has two meetings. The writer give lessons in order to help the students in

learning english particulalry vocabulary.

3. post-test

pos-test is the test that is conducted after the students had lessons. The

questions of post-test were the same as the questions in the pre-test. The

result of post-test will show it the new methodology is an improvement

over previous methodology.

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3.4. The Research Instrument

According to Harris, there are two basic kinds of test used to measure the

four language skills of the students, i.e.: the objective test and the essay test

(Harris, 1969). In this research, the writer used objective test and essay test in her

investigation, for both the vocabulary and reading comprehension.

a.Vocabulary Test

The vocabulary test is taken from the exercises, which is made by the

teachers. The numbers of items of the test are 10 items of a multiple choice type

test with five options: A, B, C, or D.

b. Reading comprehension Test

The reading comprehension test is a standardized test taken from the

exercises to reading comprehension that compiled from many sources. The

number items of test was 10 items.

This is example vocabulary test and reading test.

THE VOCABULARY TEST

Choose the correct answer by crossing a, b, c, or d

1. When the traffic lights are red, we must ««««««««.

a. walk b. run c. turn d. stop

2. A Headmaster leads a««««««««.

a. school b. factory c. government d. regency

3. This month is July. Last month was ««««««««.

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 a. May b. June c. August d. October

4. In the mountain we can see ««««««««««..

a. waterfall b. ships c. fishes d. sand

5. Cindy : What do the students do in the library?

Margaret : They usually ««««««««books.

a. land b. borrow c. send d. Buy

THE READING COMPREHENSION TEST

TEXT 1

We often read book to get knowledge. Books can give us pleasure. When

we are tired, we read books to help us relax. Books can also take us to other parts

of the world. By reading a book about Irian Jaya we may feel we are living in the

jungles, not at home in our rooms.

Books can be very expensive. Therefore a lot of people go to libraries to

borrow the books they want. Many famous people have got their knowledge from

books. A lot of them did not go to school, but read books instead.



 


1. What is the best title for the text above?

2. why Books have many important for us ?

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3.5. Data Analysis Technique

In analyzing the data collected, the writer uses step:

1. checking the students¶ answer

2. schoring the result

3. calcularing the data. A calkulating (t) made to check whether the use of

multiple choice test and essay there are significant difference in the

students¶vocabulary.

rumus:

where:

'
mean op the multiple choice test

My = mean of the essay test

dx = standard deviation of multiple choice test

dy = standard deviation of essay test

nx = the sample multiple choice test

ny = the sample of essay test

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