INDEX
acalculia, 8, 111–14
aesthetics, 6–7, 65–6, 71–6
beauty, 23, 72–4, 161
sublime, 6, 23, 65–6, 72–6
Age of Reason, 3–4, 14–16, 19
see also Enlightenment
American Declaration of Independence, 23,
57, 128, 129
a posteriori, 42, 68, 128–9
a priori, 5, 7, 42–3, 58, 68, 79, 81, 83–4, 87,
Copyright
93, 128
Aristotelianism, 40, 85–6, 94
Aristotle, 39, 68, 70, 76, 127
Physics, 70
associations, associative processes, 10, 171,
180, 182–3
Astell, Mary, 40
Bacon, Francis, 17–19, 37
The Great Instauration, 17
Baier, Annette, 8, 117, 122, 157, 163–5,
169, 184
Ball, John, 27–8
Barbauld, Anna Laetitia, 51
Bayle, Pierre, 69–70, 107
Historical and Critical Dictionary, 69,
107
Beccaria, Cesare, 22, 31
On Crimes and Punishments, 31
belief, 2, 8, 11, 19, 77, 82, 123, 172–6, 180,
183–5
belief-desire theory of motivation, 4
benevolence, 32–3, 119, 132, 149, 160
Bentham, Jeremy, 31
Berkeley, George, Bishop of Cloyne, 18, 106,
175
Berlin, Isaiah, 5, 59
– 223 –
Berlin Monthly, 16, 58
Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas, 73
L’Art Poétique, 73
Bolingbroke, Henry St John, Viscount, 43
Bonnie Prince Charlie [Prince Charles
Edward Stuart], 55
Brahmins, 103
Burke, Edmund, 23, 47, 66, 72, 76
Calvinism, 92, 98, 101
Calvinist Protestantism, 101
Cantor, Georg, 67
Cartesian, 7–8, 15–16, 19, 107–8, 110–13
see also Descartes
Catherine the Great, 22, 31
Bolshoy Nakaz, 22
causation, cause and effect, 1, 13–14, 61, 84
causal chain, 85–7
constant conjunction, 85–7
chance, 80, 85–6, 181
Charles I, 5, 46, 50
Christianity, 37, 100
see also Religion, revealed
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 98–9, 104
De Natura Deorum, 98
Civil War, English, 28, 46–7, 55, 62
Clarke, Samuel, 37, 44, 60
A Demonstration of the Being and
Attributes of God, 37
communism, 57
Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de, 17
Essay on the Origin of Human Knowledge,
17
Cognition, 65, 67, 75–6, 180, 184–5
Cohon, Rachael, 157, 163–5, 169
concepts, conceptions see also ideas, 44,
65–6, 68, 72, 173–9, 182, 184
224 Hume and the Enlightenment

convention, 121–2, 132–7, 139–42, 147, Encyclopédie, 1, 17, 37

151 see also Diderot and d’Alembert
cooperation, 9, 131–2, 134, 140, 142–8, Enlightenment
150–3, 155 Dutch, 2, 37
copy principle, 6, 10, 159, 162, 164, 166–9, English, 1, 17, 37
171, 174–6, 178–9, 184 French, 1, 2, 4, 13, 15–19, 37
see also resemblance German, 2
Cosmological–Ontological argument see Italian, 2
God, existence of moderate, 6, 23, 36–7, 53, 55
Cromwell, Oliver, 24–5, 48 radical, 1, 6, 31, 36–7, 53, 55, 57, 63
Cruelty, 8, 27, 117–18, 121–4, 129, 131 Scottish, 1, 61, 68, 96–7, 141, 157
Cudworth, Ralph, 60 Epictetus, 78
A Treatise concerning Eternal and epistemology, 73, 106, 108, 172
Immutable Morality, 60 Erasmus, Desiderius, 96, 104
custom, 49–50, 77, 99, 133, 153, 173, The Praise of Folly, 104
180–2 Euclidean geometry, 67
see also habit ex nihilo nihil fit, 80, 85

d’Alembert, Jean Le Rond, 1, 4, 13, 17, 21, fancy (fantastic) see imagination
40 Ferguson, Adam, 92
Darwin, Charles, 58, 71 Frederick the Great, 22

Copyright
Origin of Species, 71 freedom, 4, 24–5, 27, 29, 30, 40–51, 59–60,
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, 62, 124–5, 128, 145–6
56 free-rider problem, 141
democracy, 5, 22, 29, 48–50, 53–4, 56–7, Frye, Northrop, 93
59, 63
Descartes, René, 7–8, 16–17, 40, 89, Gibbon, Edward, 61, 101
106–10, 113, 115 Glorious Revolution, 24, 36
Discourse on Method, 16 God, 42–5, 40, 50, 76, 92, 98, 100, 128,
Meditations on First Philosophy, 16 153, 160
Rules for the Direction of the Mind, 107–8 attributes of, 81, 87
design argument see God, existence of existence of, 81–4, 87
Dickens, Charles, 93 cosmological-ontological argument,
Bleak House, 93 7, 79–81, 83, 85, 87
Diderot, Denis, 1, 22, 37, 40 design argument, 78–9
Douglass, Frederick, 119–24, 129
The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Habermas, Jürgen, 15
Douglass, an American Slave, 120 habit, 1, 3, 44, 85, 94, 133, 148, 167, 173,
dogmatism, 7, 11, 40, 78–9, 172, 176, 179, 180
184 see also custom
Heine, Heinrich, 17
Edict of Nantes, 37 On the History of Religion and Philosophy
education, 9, 16, 46–7, 56, 59–60, 139 in Germany, 17
egalitarianism, 28, 55 Hobbes, Thomas, 18, 28, 37, 40, 94, 147–8,
Elliot, Gilbert, 100 151
empiricism, 4–6, 14, 19–20, 41, 53–5, The Elements of Law, 18
58–60, 65–8, 70–6, 173–6, 179 Homer, 167
empirical standpoint, 66 The Odyssey, 73
 Index
Hume, David
as ironist, 92–3
A Dissertation on the Passions, 163–4
A Letter from a Gentleman to His Friend
in Edinburgh, 37
A Treatise of Human Nature, 7–8, 10, 20,
26, 33, 41, 66, 68–70, 75, 82, 85–6,
88, 106–7, 109, 157–9, 161, 163–4,
167, 169, 171, 181
An Abstract of a Work Lately Published,
Entituled, A Treatise of Human
Nature, 158
An Enquiry concerning Human Under-
standing, 7, 26, 30, 39, 68–70, 78, 82,
88–9, 107, 158, 164
An Enquiry concerning the Principles of
Morals, 32–3, 157, 164,
Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, 7,
30, 77–9, 82, 84, 87–9, 91–3, 95–8,
104
Essays and Treatises on Several Subjects, 70
Copyright
Essays Moral, Political and Literary, 47
The History of England, 5, 13, 24, 50, 96,
117
The Natural History of Religion, 96
Hutcheson, Francis, 27, 33, 74
ideas, 6, 10–11, 41–2, 65, 67, 69–70, 72, 75,
77, 157–63, 165–9, 171–2, 174–84
fictitious, 10, 178–82
triggered by sensations, 11, 171, 173–4,
176–9, 182–4
vivacity or liveliness, 82, 152, 158
see also concepts
images, 70, 158, 171
imagination, 1–3, 34, 66, 74–6, 99, 134,
160–1, 180–2
impressions, 158–9
of reflection (see also passions), 6, 10, 70,
19, 160–2, 164–9
of sensation, 6, 11, 65, 69–70, 160–1,
171–2, 174–84
inkspot experiment, 69
internalism, 125, 127
intuition, 107–10, 112–13, 124, 152
James I [ James VI of Scotland], 5, 24, 46–7
justice, 4, 9–10, 31–4, 49–50, 121, 129,
135–7, 139–42, 143–55
225
as modus vivendi, 151–2
see also virtue, artificial
Johnson, Samuel, 18, 96, 101–2, 104
Rasselas, 102, 104
Kant, Immanuel, 4–6, 8, 10, 14, 16–17, 23,
27, 41–4, 49, 54, 57–8, 60–1, 72–3, 76,
117, 121–3, 125–7, 129, 146, 152, 154
Critique of Judgement, 6, 73
Critique of Pure Reason, 17
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals,
42–3
Korsgaard, Christine, 125–7, 129
La Mettrie, Julien Offray de, 16
Man the Machine, 16
Leibniz, Gottfried, 71, 106
liberalism, 143–4, 146, 152
liberty see freedom
Locke, John, 17–19, 36–7, 59–61, 74, 106–7
Essay concerning Human Understanding,
17, 37
Two Treatises of Government, 36
Longinus, Cassius, 73
On the Sublime, 73
Lucian, 93–8, 104
see also satire
Lucretius [Titus Lucretius Carus], 28
De Rerum Natura, 28
Luxemburg, Rosa, 21
Macaulay, Catharine Graham, 5–6, 39–51,
53–4, 57, 60–1, 64
A Treatise on the Immutability of Moral
Truth, 43, 45, 60
History of England, 43
Letters on Education, 46
McDowell, John, 126–7
materialism, 16, 18–19, 28, 95
mathematics, 81, 107
empiricist, 6–7, 65–9, 71, 76
classical, 67–71
infinite divisibility, 6, 66–70, 72
infinity, 6, 65, 67–70, 72, 76, 80
artificial, 76
potential, 76
memory, 66, 99, 108–10, 112–14, 160–1,
180, 182
Mendelssohn, Moses, 59
226 Hume and the Enlightenment

metaphysics, 31, 41–3, 58, 67, 73, 96, 158, primary qualities, 175, 177
166, 179 prisoner’s dilemma, 142
methodology, 65–6, 71 probability, 1, 42, 110–11
experimental method, 6–7, 20, 65, 88 property, 23, 25, 32, 48, 121, 132–4, 143,
Mill, John Stuart, 146, 152 147, 151, 153
Milton, John, 73 psychology, 9, 65, 72–6, 106, 110, 113,
Paradise Lost, 73, 93 124–7, 129
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de, 40 associationist, 74–5
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Puritans, Puritanism, 5, 47
22, 61–2
The Spirit of the Laws, 61 Ramsay, Michael, 107
moral philosophy, 8, 10, 31, 65, 71, 157 rationalism, 4–6, 15–17, 20, 58–60, 68,
More, Thomas, 104 106–7
Utopia, 104 Cartesian, 7, 107–9
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 128 naïve, 68
rationality, 44, 59, 114, 123, 184
Nagel, Thomas, 125 strategic, 9, 132–3
naturalism, 3, 8, 106, 117, 123, 128–9 Rawls, John, 9–10, 143–6, 150–5
non-reductive, 8, 124–5 Political Liberalism, 143–4
reductive, 124–5
reflective equilibrium, 144–5, 152
neuroeconomics, 9, 142
reason, faculty of, 109, 112

Copyright
Newton, Isaac, 18, 37, 65, 67, 70–1
religion, 30–1, 36–7, 55, 167
Opticks, 18
natural, 6–7, 14, 19, 30, 91–2, 94–7,
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Math-
101–2
ematica, 70
revealed, 30
Newtonian, 37, 40, 71
true, 78, 101
Orwell, George, 95 Reid, Thomas, 10–11, 157, 171–9, 182, 184
1984, 95 representation see intentionality
Owen, David, 107, 157–8, 163–5, 169 republicanism, 5, 22, 39–41, 46–8, 56, 64
resemblance, 10, 27, 118–19, 152, 166–7,
passions, 4, 6, 10, 15, 24, 41, 44, 58, 74–5, 169, 171, 177–8, 182
91, 95, 119, 135, 152, 157–8, 160 ressentiment, 21
double relation of impressions and ideas, rhetoric, 9, 91–5, 98, 100–1, 104, 139
168 rights, 4–5, 24–5, 31–6, 39–40, 46, 50–1,
direct, 161 53, 56–9, 61, 64, 148, 154
indirect, 157, 161–2 inalienable, 35
intentionality of, 157, 162–6, 168–9
personal identity, 14, 109 Robertson, William, 61
pity, 118–21, 161
see also sympathy Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 15, 21–3, 28–30,
Plato, 24, 26, 59, 68, 98 59–60, 146
The Republic, 24 Discourse on Inequality, 23
Platonism, 22, 60, 98 Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts, 22
Pope, Alexander, 73, 93–4, 101 Emile, 22, 30
‘Epistle to Augustus’, 101 The Social Contract, 22, 29
Peri Bathos, or the Art of Sinking in Russell, Bertrand, 14
Poetry, 73 History of Western Philosophy, 14
 Index
satire, 7, 92–103
Lucianic, 96–8
Menippean, 93
Scudéry, Madeleine de, 41
self-control, 127, 134–40
sentiment, 8–9, 27, 29, 31–3, 35–6, 42,
49, 82, 95, 117–8, 123, 140, 147, 152,
167
scepticism, 1, 3–4, 6–8, 14, 18, 39–42,
58, 77, 89, 98, 105–10, 115, 172, 179,
184–5
mitigated, 79, 88–9
Pyrrhonian, 7, 40, 78–9, 87–9
scholasticism, 39–40, 60, 96
sensations, 10–11, 119, 158, 161, 171–9
see also Impressions of sensation
see also Signs
sensible knave, 139
sentimentalist ethics, sentimentalism, 9, 27,
31–5, 140
Sextus Empiricus, 68, 173
Copyright
Against the Mathematicians, 68
signs, 10, 172–6, 179, 184
Smith, Adam, 1, 61, 96, 157
Spinoza, Benedict de, 107
state of nature, 28, 151
stoics, stoicism, 26, 34, 78
Strawson, Peter, 123–6
Freedom and Resentment, 126
Skepticism and Naturalism: Some Variet-
ies, 123
Stroud, Barry, 106
suffering, 8, 117–25, 132
227
Swift, Jonathan, 91–3, 96–9, 101–3
A Modest Proposal, 97
A Tale of a Tub, 97
Argument against Abolishing Christianity,
96
Gulliver’s Travels, 92–3, 96
The Battle of the Books, 102
sympathy, 8–9, 27, 32, 117–20, 124, 139,
148–9, 151–3
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 29–30
Democracy in America, 29
Toland, John, 37
Christianity not Mysterious, 37
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 56
utilitarianism, 31–5
utility, 4, 22, 31–6, 134
virtue, 41, 45, 118
artificial, 9, 33, 121, 143–5, 147–50,
152–3
chastity, 137–40
natural, 32–3, 150, 152,
Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet, 4, 15, 17,
21–3, 26, 28, 31, 40, 61, 96, 104, 128
Candide, 104
Letters on England, 17, 22
Whig history, 53–8
Wiggins, David, 128
Williams, Bernard, 126–7
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 71
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, 71