1.

(a) C
(b) A
(c) C
(d) A
(e)(i) Beryllium
(ii) positive ion
2. (a)(i)
(ii) Solid
(b) l , g
s,g
s,l
(c) Hot water has more heat energy to overcome the bonds between the
molecules.
3.(a) Z2
Y2
X2
(b) Bromine
(c)(i) Fluorine , -188 , gas , yellow
Chlorine , -69 , gas , green
Astatine , 337 , solid , black
(ii) C
(d) (i) Chlorine is poisonous.
(ii) 2Fe + 3Cl2  2FeCl3
4.(a) NH4+
(b) Add sodium hydroxide and warm the solution then test with damp red
litmus paper, it turns to blue.
(c) Reversible
(d)(i) Ammonia molecules move faster than hydrochloric acid molecules
because ammonium chloride forms nearer to ammonia.
(ii) 1. Gas particles are moving randomly.
2. Gas particles collide with other particles.
5.(a) Volume gas remains unchanged.
(b) Use gas tube with smaller division.
(c) (48.5-37.0)/48.5 x 100 = 23.7%
6.(a) (i) Magnesium is more reactive than copper.
(ii) magnesium + copper(II)sulfate  magnesium sulfate + copper
(b)(i) Delta E = 1x100 x 4.2 x (56.3-20.2) = 15162 J
(ii) Polystyrene cup is a better insulator than a glass beaker. So it reduce
heat loss to surrounding.
(c)(i) mol = 0.5 / 65 = 1/130 mol
Delta H = 1.67 / 1/130 = -217kJ/mol
(ii) Copper 2+ ion is reduced to copper, Zn is oxidized to Zn 2+ ion. Copper
ion gained electron and Zinc lost electrons to copper.
There is both reduction and oxidization reactions so it is a redox reaction.
7.(a)(i) Measuring cylinder.
(ii) neutralization
(b)(i) 12.4 pH
(ii) 15 cm3 – Red
30 cm3 – Blue
(iii) OH-
(c) Temperature of the solution increases as sodium hydroxide is added
because the reaction is exothermic until at 25 cm 3 where all hydrochloric
acid has been reacted and the reaction was completed, temperature of the
solution decreases as adding more sodium hydroxide cools the solution.
8.(a) Calcium loses 2 electrons to two chlorine atoms each gaining 1
electron to form CaCl2.
(b) calcium ions – Carry out a flame test with a sample of the solution , the
color of the flame turns red.
Chloride ions – Add silver nitrate , white ppt. will form.
(c)(i)
(ii) the conductivity is directly proportional to the number of spatulas of
calcium chloride added.
(iii) The mixture was not stir properly
(d) Heat until its molten to conduct electricity.
9.(a)(i) CH2
CnH2n
(ii) 1. Similar chemical properties.
2. Same functional group.
(b)(i) Addition
(ii)
(iii) ) Poly(ethene) is cheaper and has greater strength than polymers from
corn starch. Poly(ethene) give more land to grow other food crops.
Poly(ethene) uses non-renewable resources. Also, poly(ethene) takes
longer to decompose than polymers from corn starch.
(c)
10.a(i)
(ii) carbon dioxide has strong covalent bond between the molecules. So a
large amount of heat is needed to break the bond.
(i) It has delocalized electrons which can conduct electricity.
(ii) Although diamond and C60 fullerene both has strong covalent bonds
between the molecules, diamond has giant covalent structure compared to
C60 fullerene. C60 fullerene only has simple covalent structure. So, as
diamond has more carbon bonds than C60 fullerene more energy is needed
to break the bond the molecules. Therefore diamond has higher melting
point.
11.(a) 4CuO(s) + CH4(g)  4Cu(s) + CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
(b)(i)
(ii) Wear gloves.
(c)(i) Fe2O3 lost oxygen to form Fe.
(ii) It is poisonous.
(iii) 30 x 1.0 x 106 = 30000000g
Mol of iron(III)oxide = 30000000g / 160 = 187500 mol
Mass of iron in tonne = 187500 / 56 / 1.0x10 6 = 10.5 tonne
(iv) mass of iron(III)oxide used was = 25000 x 160 = 4000000g > mass of
carbon used 840000g therefore, iron(III)oxide was in excess.