 Menu 

Home > Topics in Concrete > topicdetail

Alkali Aggregate Reaction

Definition: chemical reaction in either mortar or concrete between alkalies (sodium and potassium) from portland cement or other
sources and certain constituents of some aggregates.- ACI Concrete Terminology

Alkali-aggregate reactions can be either alkali-carbonate reactions (ACRs) or alkali-silica reactions

(ASRs). In ACR, the reaction is between the alkalies (sodium and potassium) and certain carbonate
rocks, particularly calcitic dolomite and dolomitic limestones, present in some aggregates. In ASR,
the reaction is between alkalies and certain siliceous rocks or minerals, such as opaline chert,
strained quartz, and acidic volcanic glass, present in some aggregates.

I N F O R M AT I O N A L R E S O U R C E S O N A L K A L I A G G R E G AT E R E A C T I O N

Standards & Documents (10) Online Learning - ACI University (5)

Journal Articles (125) Frequently Asked Questions (5)

Practice oriented papers and articles (205) Events (0)

Education Publications (3) News (7)

Free Online Education Presentations (Videos) (8) Committees (0)

Certifications (0)

W E B PA G E S O N A L K A L I A G G R E G AT E R E A C T I O N

ACI Web Pages (click to view)

S TA N D A R D S , P R A C T I C E S A N D M A N U A L S O N A L K A L I A G G R E G AT E ONLINE LEARNING - ACI UNIVERSITY ON

REACTION A L K A L I A G G R E G AT E R E A C T I O N

ACI PRC-221.1-98: Report on Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity (Reapproved 2008) On-Demand Course: ACI 201.2R-16: Updated Guidance
on Concrete Durability (Part 1)

On-Demand Course: Aggregates for Concrete (Part 2)

ACI PRC-364.11T-15: TechNote: Managing Alkali-Aggregate Reaction Expansion in
Mass Concrete On-Demand Course: ACI 301-16 Specifications for
Structural Concrete (Part 2)

225.1T-20: Removal of Optional Alkali Limit in Standard Specifications for Portland On-Demand Course: Managing Alkali-Aggregate
Cement Reaction Expansion in Mass Concrete

On-Demand Course: Advances in Test Methods to

ACI PRC-213-14 Guide for Structural Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete Evaluate Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity in Job Concrete
Mixtures

VIEW ALL ACI ONLINE LEARNING COURSES ON

ACI PRC-213S-03 Guide for Structural Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete - Spanish
Version ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTION »

ACI PRC-201.2-16 Guide to Durable Concrete

F R E Q U E N T LY A S K E D Q U E S T I O N S O N
A L K A L I A G G R E G AT E R E A C T I O N
ACI PRC-212.3-16 Report on Chemical Admixtures for Concrete Question: Important requirements of a concrete
aggregate

Question: How can durable aggregates be ensured?

ACI PRC-325.14-17: Guide for Design and Proportioning of Concrete Mixtures for
Pavements Question: Protecting against excessive expansion due
to alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR)
ACI PRC-232.2-18: Report on the Use of Fly Ash in Concrete Question: How is the resistance to alkali-aggregate
reaction (AAR) determined?

Question: Popouts or popoffs?

ACI PRC-207.3-18: Report on Practices for Evaluation of Concrete in Existing Massive
Structures for Service Conditions View all Frequently Asked Questions on Alkali
Aggregate Reaction» 
TOP

E V E N T S O N A L K A L I A G G R E G AT E R E A C T I O N
VIEW ALL DOCUMENTS ON ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTION »
There are no Events on Alkali Aggregate Reaction
J O U R N A L A R T I C L E S O N A L K A L I A G G R E G AT E R E A C T I O N VIEW ALL ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTION EVENTS

Alkali-Silica Reaction as Cause of Distress in Concrete Pavements Made from Purported »

Alkali-Carbonate Reaction Aggregate

Publication: Materials Journal N E W S O N A L K A L I A G G R E G AT E
Date: 3/1/2021 REACTION

Assessing Residual Expansion of Alkali-Silica Reaction- Affected Structures January 30, 2019
Publication: Materials Journal ACI’s New Honorary Members
Date: 3/1/2021
January 30, 2018
Reactive Phases in Alkali Carbonate Reaction Reference Aggregate ACI’s New Honorary Members
Publication: Materials Journal
Date: 11/1/2020 December 6, 2016
Durable Concrete
Stiffness Degradation of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction: A Computational
Homogenization Approach May 25, 2016
Publication: Materials Journal Recipe for Success
Date: 11/1/2020
April 25, 2016
Alkali-Silica Reaction for Concrete Confined with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheet ACI Announces New Officers for 2016
Publication: Structural Journal
Date: 9/1/2020 April 19, 2016
ACI’s Spring Convention Hosts Slag Cement
Recycled Glass as Aggregate for Architectural Mortars Association Project Awards
Publication: IJCSM
Date: 9/30/2018 November 8, 2015
Sustainable Concrete Through Recycling
Effects of Alkali-Silica Reaction on Concrete Squat Shear Walls
Publication: Structural Journal VIEW ALL ACI NEWS »
Date: 9/1/2018

Mitigating Alkali-Silica Reaction and Freezing and Thawing in Concrete Pavement by Silane
Treatment
Publication: Materials Journal
Date: 9/1/2018 C O M M I T T E E S O N A L K A L I A G G R E G AT E
REACTION
Accelerated Mortar Bar Test Precision with Recycled Concrete Aggregate
Publication: Materials Journal There are no Committees on Alkali Aggregate Reaction
Date: 7/1/2018 SEARCH ALL COMMITTEES »

Risk-Informed Condition Assessment of a Bridge with Alkali-Aggregate Reaction

Publication: Structural Journal
Date: 3/1/2018 C E R T I F I C AT I O N S O N A L K A L I A G G R E G AT E
REACTION
SEARCH ALL ARTICLES ON ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTION »
There are no Certifications on Alkali Aggregate Reaction
VIEW ALL CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS »

P R A C T I C E O R I E N T E D PA P E R S A N D A R T I C L E S O N A L K A L I A G G R E G AT E
REACTION

ASR-Related Distress in Floor Coatings

Publication: Concrete International
Date: 11/1/2019

Compressive Strength and Durability of Concrete Made with Combined Cementitious

Materials
Publication: Special Publication
Date: 9/26/2018

Resistance of Hybrid Cement after 5 Years of Exposure to 5% Na2SO4

Publication: Special Publication
Date: 9/26/2018

Deterioration Survey of Structural Concrete at the Rogun Hydro after its Conservation
Publication: Special Publication
Date: 8/10/2018

Durability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete: A Review

Publication: Special Publication
Date: 3/1/2017

Alkali Silica Reaction in Mortar at Room Temperature

Publication: Special Publication
Date: 10/1/2016

Suppressing Alkali-Silica Expansion

Publication: Concrete International
Date: 5/1/2016

Managing ASR and DEF in Concrete Bridge Columns

Publication: Special Publication
Date: 10/27/2015

Sustainability And High-Performance Of Concrete – A Review

Publication: Special Publication
Date: 9/1/2015

Aggregate Reactivity and the Efficiency of Supplementary Cementing Materials

Publication: Special Publication
Date: 6/1/2015

SEARCH ALL ARTICLES ON ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTION »

E D U C AT I O N P U B L I C AT I O N S O N A L K A L I A G G R E G AT E R E A C T I O N

E-1(16) Aggregates for Concrete

RAP-2S Crack Repair by Gravity Feed with Resin - Spanish Language 

TOP
RAP-2: Crack Repair by Gravity Feed with Resin

VIEW ALL ACI EDUCATION PUBLICATIONS ON ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTION »

F R E E O N L I N E E D U C AT I O N P R E S E N TAT I O N S O N A L K A L I A G G R E G AT E
REACTION (VIDEOS)

Alkali-Aggregate Reaction: What Our Current Approach Tells Us and What It Doesn’t
by Toy S. Poole

Alkali-Silica Reaction-Affected Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Pure Shear

by Anca-Cristina Ferche

Can Acoustic Emission Detect Alkali Silica Reaction Earlier than Other Tests?
by Mohammad Pour-Ghaz

Challenges in Determining the Deleterious Potential of Sulfide-Bearing Aggregates in

Concrete
by Josée Duchesne; Benoit Fournier; Andreia Rodrigues; Julie Francoeur; Benoit Durand; and
Medhat Shehata,

Considerations in Application of Miniature Concrete Prism Test (MCPT) to Evaluate Alkali-

Silica Reactivity Potential of Job Concrete Mixtures
by Prasad Rangaraju

Linking Pore Solution Chemistry of Concrete to ASR Potential Through Machine Learning as a
Performance Based Approach
by Pravin Saraswatula

Mechanical Tools to Assess Damage in Concrete Affected by AAR and Combined Mechanisms.
by Leandro Sanchez

Understanding the Role of SCMs in Mitigating Alkali-Silica Reaction

by Karen L. Scrivener

VIEW ALL FREE PRESENTATIONS ON ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTION »

A C I W E B PA G E S

Alkali Aggregate Reaction Advanced Advanced Tips

15 Relevance Date
Results Per Page:

About 43 Results Page: 1

Individuals

https://www.concrete.org/certification/whyacicertification/individuals.aspx
ion Aggregate Testing Concrete Constructi......ion Aggregate Testing Concrete Construction
Inspection Concrete Flatwork Finishing Concrete Foundation Concrete Quality Management Field
Concrete Testing Laboratory Concrete Testing Masonry Testing Shotcrete Construction Tilt-Up
Concrete Construction Find the program you need...
Updated: 1/13/2017
Source: Pages

2008 > 2008 Honorary Members

https://www.concrete.org/aboutaci/honorsandawards/honorarymembers/2008.aspx
rete, alkali-aggregate reactions, instrumentation, and dam safety. He received his BS, MS, and PhD
in engineering from the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, in 1969, 1978, and 1989,
respectively, and has been a Visiting Professor at the Polytechnic School at that university since
1990. ...
Updated: 3/8/2016
Source: Pages

2019

https://www.concrete.org/aboutaci/honorsandawards/honorarymembers/2019.aspx
ance, alkali-aggregate reaction, corrosion, and freezing and thawing, as well as deicer salt scaling.
Hooton is Chair of ACI Committee 233, Ground Slag in Concrete, and Co-Chair of ACI Subcommittee
130-A, Sustainability of Materials, as well as Secretary of ACI Committee 201, Durability of
Concret...
Updated: 8/22/2018 
TOP
Source: Pages

Concrete Projects Past Winners > Concrete Projects Past Winners

https://www.concrete.org/students/studentcompetitions/concreteprojectscompetition/concreteprojectspastwinners.a
vania Aggregates and Concrete Association, Coopersburg, PA, USA Frank A. Kozeliski, PE, FACI and
HMACI, Michele's Ready Mix, Rock & Recycle, Gallup, NM, USA Frances Griffith, University of
Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA 2019 Read more 1st Place: ANFIS Modeling and ...
Updated: 8/5/2020
Source: Pages

Paper Awards > Paper Awards

https://www.concrete.org/aboutaci/honorsandawards/awards/paperawards.aspx
ct of Aggregate Deformation on Alkali-Silica Reaction," published in ACI Material Journal , No. 2,
Mar.-Apr. 2001, pp. 179-183, 98-M20 2002 Ulla Hjorth Jakobsen , Peter Laugesen , and Niels
Thaulow for their paper, "Determination of Water-Cement Ratio in Hardened Concrete by Optic...
Updated: 2 months ago
Source: Pages

Complete Listing

https://www.concrete.org/education/freewebsessions/completelisting.aspx
onal. Alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) or any other aggregate degradation mechanism is a gradual
process and determining the current condition and the potential for further damage is rather
complex. Testing methods for accurate condition assessment and determination of reaction stage
are limited and ...
Updated: 1 month ago
Source: Pages

2018

https://www.concrete.org/aboutaci/honorsandawards/honorarymembers/2018.aspx
ed by alkali-silica reactions, sulfide attack, freezing-and-thawing action, and delayed ettringite
formation (DEF). His expertise also extended to corrosion of steel; safety issues, such as chemical
burns; and research, troubleshooting, and failure analyses, where he investigated failures of
numerou...
Updated: 1/23/2018
Source: Pages

FRP Competition Questions > FRP Competition Questions

https://www.concrete.org/students/studentcompetitions/frpcompositescompetition/frpcompetitionquestions.aspx
allic aggregate may be used. Is silica sand permitted? What would be the unit price on the cost
form of the material? A: Silica sand, which is an ultra-fine aggregate used in ultra high
performance concrete (UHPC), is permitted and should be considered as “Fine Aggregate” on the
Mix & Cost Form. B...
Updated: 10/8/2019
Source: Pages

2017

https://www.concrete.org/aboutaci/honorsandawards/awards/projectawards/pastwinners/2017.aspx
itial alkali-silica reaction. To strengthen the viaduct, a layer of ultra-high-performance fiber-
reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) was added. Additionally, it was reinforced with steel reinforcing
bars on the top surface of the deck slab, which also served as a waterproofing layer. The new 45
mm (1.7 in....
Updated: 4/17/2019
Source: Pages

Directory of Committees > Committee Directory

https://www.concrete.org/committees/directoryofcommittees.aspx
01-0H Aggregate Reactions 201-0I Corrosion of Metals in Concrete 201-0J Chemical Attack on
Concrete 201-0L Liaison Subcommittee 207 - Mass Concrete 209 - Creep and Shrinkage in Concrete

TOP

209-0B Influencing Factors 209-0C Models Applicability and ...

Updated: 17 hours ago
Source: Pages
Technical Presentations

https://www.concrete.org/chapters/chapterresources/technicalpresentations.aspx
w and alkali-aggregate reactivity FRP – Strengthening Topics covered in this presentation include:
Strengthening options Components and general properties System selection System design
Construction ...
Updated: 3 weeks ago
Source: Pages

Examiner Guidelines And Checklists > Examiner Guidelines and Checklists

https://www.concrete.org/certification/sponsoringgroupresources/examinerguidelinesandchecklists.aspx
-> Aggregate Base Testing Technician Aggregate Photo Packet Aggregate Testing Technician—Level
1 Aggregate Photo Packet Concrete Flatwork Finisher Flatwork Photo Packet Aggregate Testing
Technician—Level 2 Exam Session Checklist --> Aggregat...
Updated: 1/24/2020
Source: Pages

FRP Composites Competition > ACI FRP Composites Competition

https://www.concrete.org/students/studentcompetitions/frpcompositescompetition.aspx
allic aggregate may be used. 2.5.4. Chemical admixtures meeting ASTM C260, C494, or C1017 are
allowed. Epoxies and other polymers, glue, and binders may NOT be used. 2.5.5. Teams must
provide the measured weights of all materials used in the concrete batch prepared to cast their
competition stru...
Updated: 8/21/2019
Source: Pages

Education Publications > Education Publications and ACI Education Programs

https://www.concrete.org/publications/educationpublications.aspx
(16): Aggregates for Concrete ...
Updated: 12/16/2019
Source: Pages

Certification Program Policies > Certification Program Policies

https://www.concrete.org/certification/sponsoringgroupresources/certificationprogrampolicies.aspx
Aggregate Base Testing Technician » Aggregate Testing Technician — Level 1 & 2 » Cement Physical
Tester » Concrete Construction Special Inspector » Concrete Field Testing Technician — Grade I »
Concrete Flatwork Associate, Finisher, and Advanced Finisher » C...
Updated: 3 months ago
Source: Pages

About 43 Results Page: 1

ACI Home
Contact us
News
 
Marketing Toolkit
Build Your Brand With ACI
Corporate Solutions

Browse by Industry Role...

Engineers
Educators & Researchers
Contractors
Students

Tools
Concrete Resource Subscriptions
Frequently Asked Technical Questions
318 Building Code Portal

TOP
Career Center
Concrete Repair Portal
ACI Code Advocacy Portal
Copyright | Privacy Policy | Disclaimer | Media Room


TOP