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Material de Estudio
Introducción
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El Balance Diferencial de Cantidad de Movimiento o Ecuación Diferencial del
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8
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#
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* # * #
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ρ − ρ −∇⋅ =>
* #
/
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ρ − ρ −∇⋅ =>
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)
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01
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7
8
Introducción
" * # :(
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!
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ρ = ρ −∇ +∇⋅ *;);#
!
3
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=
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A B
!
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Análisis de deformaciones
' = ! C
3 A B
A B 8 3
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@ ∂ G∂
@ δ* #
@ @ δ * @ # @ * @ ∂ G∂ #δ
5 ;) " * #
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D 3
4 6 !
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@ δ* # δ ' 5 ;)
3
3 /
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∂
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∂
δ* # = δ *;)F#
∂
,
/ * #
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3
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∂
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∂
I δ *;) >#
∂
∂
I δ
∂
' δ !
δ → >"
+
γ γ ∂
= = *;) #
δ →> δ ∂
% *;)9# ! *;) #
*∇ # !
"
∇ : G7 *∇ @ ∇ # @ G7 *∇ (∇ #
∇ : G7 *∇ @ ∇ # @ G7 *∇ ( ∇ #
∇ : @ *;) 7#
/ * ≡ G7 *∇ @ ∇ ## ! .
* ≡ G7 *∇ ( ∇ ## 6
* 8 87 #
A B
! A B*
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) * 3 * # : ∇⋅
#
Introducción
% * #
3
/
* ! #
L
3 / ! .
!
D 3
;
* #
!
6
. * τ# / * #
τ: * # *;) <#
3 ! !
3 ! 3
% = 3 A B * A B#
0
3 !
3
4 6
3
∂ G∂ * # 8 *!
# ! '
* 3 #
/ * µ#
∂
τ =µ *;) ,#
∂
! !
E
τ
∂
* # τ∝
∂
5 ;)<" 5 4
% 01 3 5
= "
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/
01
κ ! µ ! *
# ? *;)
+#
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* ! # 6
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(& : ( @ κ * # : ( @ κ ∇⋅ *;)7>#
6 *ρ : ∇⋅ : ># * #
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:( @7µ :( @ µ J∇ @ *∇ # K *;)7 #
τ# : ( δ# @ 7 µ # : ( δ # @ µ *∂ G∂ # @ ∂ #G∂ # *;)77#
ρ [
= ρ − ∇ + ∇ ⋅ (κ − 7 < µ )(∇ ⋅ ) (
+µ ∇ +∇ )]
*;)7<#
ρ
∂
+ ⋅∇ = ρ − ∇ + ∇[(κ − 7 < µ )(∇ ⋅ )] + ∇ ⋅ [µ (∇ +∇ )]
∂
*κ ! µ#
ρ
∂
+ ⋅∇ = ρ − ∇ + (κ − 7 < µ )∇(∇ ⋅ ) + µ [∇ ⋅ (∇ ) + ∇ ⋅ (∇ )]
∂
ρ
∂
+ ⋅∇ = ρ − ∇ + (κ − 7 < µ )∇(∇ ⋅ ) + µ [∇ 7 + ∇(∇ ⋅ )] *;)7,#
∂
∂
ρ + ⋅∇ = ρ − ∇ + (κ + < µ )∇(∇ ⋅ ) + µ∇ 7
∂
9
∂
ρ + ⋅∇ = ρ − ∇ + µ∇ 7 *;)7+#
∂
' *;)7+# 0 ) 2 !
& 5 D
01 Q
*∇⋅ : >#
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! =
& 5
Fluidos no Newtonianos
3
01 !
5 01 !
D & % '
τ: * #
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? 5 ;)< 6 01
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6 01 ' 5 ;),
01 '
= *µ µ # ' !
! ' * 4"
2 ! # µ
* 4" 3 @ # H
( " % ) *+ ,
3 "
−
∂ ∂
= *;)7;#
∂ ∂
>
! * 01
: ! : µ# ' R ! S !
5 $
01
/
τ> 6
∂
∂
5 ;)," )
*τ># ' 4 -
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H 5 $
∂ > <τ>
=
∂ ( − -> ) µ >τ>
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& ) 4 )
$
H *;)7E# ! 3
% "
∂ > < >
=
∂ ( G7
− > )
G7 7
µ > >
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>≤ ≤ >>>>> *;)7F#
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Condiciones de contorno
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= σκ *;)<7#
σ ! κ0 1 2 1 7
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4
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> = ∇⋅
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= + + . *;)<7#
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=
∂
: * # 6 !
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+
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" >=− +µ *;)<<#
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∂
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∂
7
=µ 7
*;)<+#
3
3 *;)<+# 6
=
6 ' "
=6 *;)<;#
= 6 = > +6 *;)<E#
> >
:+
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−
+ = > +6+ 6= + >
*;)<F#
+
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7
6 6
µ =6 = + = 7
+ + *;)<9#
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: (7 :> : :4 *;),>#
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< 7
7+ 7
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6
+
7
( − 4) + 8 =8
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7µ 4 4 7µ < 7 4 7 >
− 7 64 7
9 = 84 −
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3 :8 8 .
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0 ) 2 "
∂ 7
" >=− +µ +ρ *;),<#
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∂
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=µ +ρ α *;),+#
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∂
= −ρ α *;),;#
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&= +ρ ( α− α) *;),E#
7
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&> >
0 &+ ! &> H 3
3 * *;),E## * * ##
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= −ρ + α
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6 = −ρ α *;)+ #
D 3 *;)+ # *;),F#
7
µ 7
= −ρ α *;)+7#
% *;),+# ∂ G∂ : >
* # 6 ∂ G∂ V :> 8 *;),;#
6
4 ∂ G∂ : >
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=− + + *;)+<#
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7>
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⋅ /
⋅ = ⋅ //
⋅
⋅ /
⋅ = ⋅ //
⋅
/
= //
τ / = τ //
*;)++#
∂ /
∂ /
∂ //
∂ //
µ/ + = µ // +
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
∂ /
∂ //
µ /
=µ //
∂ ∂
3 ! :> '
∂ /
µ // ∂ //
= ≈> *;)+;#
∂ µ/ ∂
=> =>
∂ /
*;)+E#
=> =4
∂
7
8 *;)+<#
>= *;)+F#
ρ 4 α ρ 4 α
>=− + = *;)+9#
µ µ
ρ α 7
ρ 4 α
=− +
µ 7 µ
*;);>#
ρ α
= 4−
µ 7
' 5 ;)E * #
α 8 α:>
L ! 4
*;),;#
= −ρ α *;); #
? ! "
=− ρ α − =ρ α (4 − )
4 *;);7#
= +ρ α (4 − )
.
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.:>
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7<
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/ ! 4
. ."
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! 8
3 % 3 -
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"
: (∇ϕ *;);,#
ϕ* θ .# * A(B 3
# '
*;)7+#
&≡ @ ρϕ A B A 3 B
? 0 ) 2 *;)7+#
∂
ρ + ⋅∇ = −∇& + µ∇ 7 *;);;#
∂
6 *;)7+# "
∂&
" >=− *;);E#
∂
∂&
θ" > = − *;);F#
∂θ
7,
∂&
." > = − +µ .
*;);9#
∂.
&
=µ .
*;)E>#
.
6 3 *;)E># . !
6 ?
4 +
8 & + ( &>
! 3 ?
3 *;)E>#"
6 7
= + + *;)E7#
,µ
.
8
D 3 '
- =
4 :>* *;)E7## '
"
. => =
*;)E<#
. =>
. =
6
,µ
( 7
− 7
) *;)E,#
7+
!
*;)E,#
9= ⋅ = ⋅ . = .
π6 <
9=
6
,µ
( 7
− 7
)7π =
7µ
( − 7
) *;)E+#
> >
π6 , 7 7
π6 ,
9= − =−
7µ , 7 >
Fµ
0 A(B ! 6
C
6 3 4 *τ# % :
τ
! ! 3 ' .
τ : (µ .G V : : (6 G7 *;)EE#
. 6 0
! A 3 B
: (∇ϕ / 4 η
* A 3 B# *A B# ϕ: η
(ϕ '
ϕV :> .:+ ( ϕV :> .:> : JηV :> .:+ ( ηV : > . : >K *;)E9#
7;
6 : *&+ ( &>#G+ : * + ( >#G+ (ρ α *;)F>#
%
* # : (∇ϕ % 3
!
8
4 "
( )
+ + + +
ϕ => . = +
−ϕ = > . =>
= ∇ϕ ⋅ =− ⋅ =− ⋅ . .=− α .
> > > >
*;)E9#
ϕ => . = +
−ϕ = > . =>
=− + α
3 6
*6 : * + ( >#G+# 8 *α
> π#
6 : (ρ
7E
Apéndices
ω : G7 ∇ × .
4 ! 4
X X 6
*
ω# 4
3 4
'
:
: :ω :ω θ *8 ) #
:V ( V ! 4
6
4 G
4 ω
8 *8 )7#
∇× = ∇×( × ) = ∇× ω ω ω.
.
[
= ∇ × (ω . − ω . ) + (ω . − ω . ) + (ω −ω )]
∂ ∂ ∂
= *8 )<#
∂ ∂ ∂.
ω . −ω. ω. −ω . ω −ω
= 7ω + 7ω + 7ω .
=7
7F
8
* # G7 ∇ ×
: * @ #( * # *87) #
6 3
! "
= [( + )− ( )]
*87)7#
= ( + )− ( )
4 3
! @
! @ *
# '
= ( + )− ( ) = [ $ ( + ) − $ ( )] $
*87)<#
= (∇ $ ⋅ ) $
8 3 *87)
<# 3 "
∂ ∂
= $
⋅( ) =( )⋅ $
∂ ∂
# $ # $
# #
*87),#
= ⋅∇
79
. A B
"
∇ = ∇ + ∇ + (∇ ) − (∇ ) = ∇ + (∇ ) + ∇ − (∇ ) *87)+#
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
∇ = +
= ∇ + (∇ ) = ∇ − (∇ ) *87);#
7 7 7 7
! '
= ⋅( + )= ⋅ + ⋅ *87)E#
( ⋅ )= ( )7
7 ⋅ ( )= 7 ( )
3 6 *87),#
( )= ⋅( ⋅∇ )
( ) = ( )7 ⋅ ( ⋅∇ )
( ) = ( )7 [ ⋅ ( + )] ⋅
( ) = ( )7 ( ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ )
6 ⋅ ⋅ : )# # : #)# : ⋅ ⋅ ! : ( ⋅ ⋅ : ( ⋅ ⋅ : > /
* #7
<>
( )= ⋅ ⋅ *87)F#
*
# ⋅ ⋅
4 * : # * *;)9##
4
! 7 " ⋅ 7 : 7 ⋅ 7 : 7 γ
( 7 γ)= ( ⋅ 7 )
7 ( γ )+ γ ( 7 )+ 7 γ ( )= ⋅ ( 7 )+ 7 ⋅ ( )
γ
γ ( 7 )+ 7 γ ( )− 7 γ = ⋅( 7 ⋅∇ )+ 7 ⋅( ⋅∇ )
γ
γ ( 7 )+ 7 γ ( )− 7 γ = 7 [ ⋅( 7 ⋅∇ )+ 7 ⋅( ⋅∇ )]
γ
γ ( 7 )+ γ ( )− γ = 7 ⋅∇ ⋅ + ⋅∇ ⋅ 7
7
γ ( 7 )+ γ ( )− γ
γ
= 7 [
⋅ ∇ + (∇ ) ]⋅
7
γ
γ ( 7 )+ γ ( )− γ =7 7 ⋅ ⋅ *87)9#
7
3 ! 7
4 ! 7 "
γ
− =7 7 ⋅ ⋅ =7 7 =7 7 *87) >#
'
* #
. 7 ! <
! 7 ! < *
# /
4
: 7 : 7 7 ! < : < <
<
! ⋅* 7 × <# :* #⋅J* 7 7# ×* < <#K
( )= [ ⋅( 7 × < )]
3 ! ⋅* × #: ⋅* × # : ⋅* × # /
: 7 <"
( )= ⋅∇ ⋅ + 7 ⋅∇ ⋅ 7 + < ⋅∇ ⋅ <
( )= ⋅( + )⋅ + 7 ⋅( + )⋅ 7 + < ⋅( + )⋅ <
( )= + 77 + <<
8
=
3 ! "
( )= + 7 + <
*87) #
( )= ( )
* #
3 % 3 *
# =
8 # : G7 J∂ G∂ # @ ∂ #G∂ K
<7
∂ ∂
( )= = +
7 ∂ ∂
*87) 7#
( )= ∂ = ∇⋅
∂
'
6 3
∇⋅ : > A 4 B
⋅ = × = ∇× *87) <#
7
ω * ω
! # ω ×
@
ω *87) <#
"
:
4
.
3 *87)F# ⋅ :ω×
: G7 J∇ ( *∇ # K ! ω : G7 ∇ × ⋅
<<
∂ ∂
⋅ = = −
#
)#
∂ ∂
# #
7 #
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
= + + . − − − .
# # # .
∂ ∂ ∂. ∂ ∂ ∂
#
7 # # #
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ .
= + + . − − − . *87) ,#
7 ∂ ∂ ∂. ∂ ∂ ∂
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ .
+ + + . − − − .
7 ∂ ∂ ∂. ∂ ∂ ∂
∂ . ∂ . ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ .
+ + + . . − − − .
7 ∂ ∂ ∂. ∂. ∂. ∂.
% !
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ .
⋅ = + . − − .
7 ∂ ∂. ∂ ∂
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
+ + . − − . . *87) +#
7 ∂ ∂. ∂ ∂
∂ . ∂ . ∂ ∂
+ + − −
7 ∂ ∂ ∂. ∂.
6 *ω#
= ∇× = ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂.
7 7
. *87) ;#
∂ . ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
= − + − . + −
7 ∂ ∂. 7 ∂. ∂ 7 ∂ ∂
6 ω×
<,
∂ . ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
× = − − . −
7 ∂ ∂. ∂. ∂ ∂ ∂
.
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
= − . .− −
7 ∂. ∂ ∂ ∂ *87) E#
∂ ∂ ∂ . ∂
+ − − − .
7 ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂.
∂ . ∂ ∂ ∂
+ − − − .
7 ∂ ∂. ∂. ∂
6 *87) +# ! *87) E#
⋅ :ω× C
⋅ = × = ∇× *87) F#
7
<+