Climate Change and Gender - Saadullah Ayaz

Climate Change and Gender-
Experiences of IUCN
Saadullah Ayaz
IUCN Pakistan
IUCN, IUCN, International
International Union
Union for for Conservation
Conservation of Nature
of Nature and Natural
and Natural Resources
Resources, Pakistan
ABOUT IUCN
IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources is the world’s
oldest and largest global environmental network- a democratic membership union with more
than 1,000 government and NGO member organizations, and almost 11,000 volunteer
scientists in more than 160 countries worldwide
IUCN helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and
development challenges. It supports scientific research, manages field projects all over the
world and brings governments, non-government organizations, United Nations agencies,
companies and local communities together to develop and implement policy, laws and best
practice
Status of an ‘Observer’ in UN General Assembly
IUCN’s Headquarters
Gland, Switzerland
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

WHAT DOES IUCN DO?
Knowledge: IUCN develops and supports cutting edge conservation
science, particularly in species, ecosystems, biodiversity, and
the impact these have on human livelihoods
Action: IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to

better manage natural environments
Influence: IUCN supports governments, NGOs, international

conventions, UN organizations, companies and communities
to develop laws, policy and best-practice
Empowerment: IUCN helps implement laws, policy and best-practice by
mobilizing organizations, providing resources, training
people and monitoring results

IUCN- A GLOBAL UNION
Headquarters in Gland, Switzerland

THE DRIVING FORCE
IUCN’s VISION
A just world that values and
conserves nature
IUCN’s Mission
Influence, encourage and assist
societies to conserve the integrity and
diversity of nature and ensure any use
of natural resources is equitable and
ecologically sustainable

OUR STRUCTURE

IUCN’s VALUE PROPOSITION
Knowledge Empowerment Governance
Establishing a common
Impact
standard for
Building new
approaches, services
approaches and a
and products that allow
Applying, and in constituency that can
for scaling-up,
some cases tailoring, maintain, promote adaptation and quality
knowledge to a and extend the
Research and data control
specific situation application of
for sustainable sustainability
and/or the needs of
resource
partners at any level
management
Reach

CORE PROGRAMME AREAS

IUCN IN PAKISTAN
A long term commitment since 1985

Several offices, around 112 staff
largest Country Programme of the Union in the World

MEMBERS IN PAKISTAN – 29
Gilgit-Baltistan Administration
Pak Env. Protection Found
Government of Balochistan

OFFICES AND WORK
Islamabad Office
MBP Murree Office • Programme Coordination
• Constituency
• NIAP
Sarhad Office at Peshawar
• Murree Biodiversity Park
•FATA Environment Cell
• ESMA
• EFR
• PSDS
BPSD Qila Saifullah Office • ADB-TPM
• CC-TAP/Road to CPN
• Clean Air Initiative
Juniper Ziarat Office • CKMP
Country Office at Karachi

Balochistan Office at Quetta
• Coastal Ecosystem
• BPSD
• Sindh Coastal project
• Business & Biodiversity
• Comm. & Outreach
• Water Programme
• Finance
BPSD Gwadar Office
• HR
BPSD Lasbela Office • Admin

IUCN IN PAKISTAN
IUCN Pakistan is seen as an effective agent for;
• Mainstreaming environment into policy-making, periodic reviews
• Building partnerships and encouraging dialogue with stakeholder
• Encouraging donor agencies to provide flexible but focused grants for the
development of the environment sector in Pakistan
• Encouraging and supporting environmental impact assessments of all new

development projects and policies
• Awareness and advocacy

• Enhancing capacity of its member organizations and government institutions in
sustainable development
• Demonstrating/piloting in remote areas to provide replicable models for

communities and member organizations

CLIMATE CHANGE AND GENDER

GENDER BALANCED APPROACH
…..Should not simply be about women.

Men and boys are also vulnerable to the
impacts of climate change, but often in
different ways, and these need to be
identified and communicated
Furthermore, women and girls are involved in

relationships with men and boys and it is at
the level of these gender relations and the
social expectations influencing them that
research needs to be conducted and change
needs to happen.” (Bridge, 2008)

WOMEN AT RISK
Climate change is not gender neutral
Climate change impacts will be differently distributed

among different regions, generations, age classes,
income groups, occupations and genders
The poor (of which 70% are women) will be

disproportionately affected. Women are also
powerful agents of change by playing a key role in
energy consumption, deforestation, burning of
vegetation, population growth and economic growth
Gender Concerns and Ethics

– Principle of Individual Liberty
– Utilitarian Principle
– Principle of Justice

KEY FACTS
Women are the main producers of the world‘s staple crops, providing up to 90%
of food for the rural poor and producing 60–80% of the food in most developing
countries
Women already struggle to cope with year-to-year variability of maize, sorghum,
millet and groundnut yields associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation.
Crop productivity in extreme El Niño years is expected to drop a further 20–50%
in southern
Africa
Women are already more vulnerable to nutritional problems. 50% of the women
and children in developing countries are anaemic

KEY FACTS (contd.)
Climate variability plays an important role in initiating malaria epidemics in the East
African highlands and accounts for 70% of variation of recent cholera outbreaks in
Bangladesh. This increase has more severe impacts on women who often have
less access to medical services than men. Women’s workloads also increase as
they spend time caring for the sick
There is decisive evidence that gender differences in deaths from natural disasters
are directly linked to women’s economic and social rights. In societies that are more
inequitable, men are likely to receive preferential treatment in rescue efforts and
women are likely to suffer more from shortages of food andother resources in the
aftermath of disasters

KEY FACTS (contd.)
Many key decision-making institutions related to climate

change have a male-dominated hierarchical structure
Women’s empowerment is now being linked to climate change

solutions

IMPACTS ON WOMEN
Impacts on women
Household food provision;

CROP FAILURE
Increased agricultural work
Household fuel provision;

FUEL SHORTAGE food-fuel conflicts
Household water provision;

SHORTAGE OF SAFE,
exposure to contaminated sources
Climate CLEAN WATER
Change Economic drawbacks; lack of land
tenure; resource-dependent
RESOURCE SCARCITY livelihoods; school dropouts, early
marriage
Greater incidence of mortality;
NATURAL DISASTERS reduction of life expectancy
Lack of access to healthcare;

increased burden of caring for
DISEASE young, sick and elderly
Loss of livelihoods; lack of adequate

DISPLACE-MENT shelter; conflicts
Loss of livelihoods and lives; sexual

CIVIL WAR / CONFLICT violence and trauma
Adopted from WEDO (2008)

GLOBAL CONCERNS
Every major global agreement now includes a gender component:
1. United Nations Charter (1945)

2. Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948)
3. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) (1979)
4. Convention on Biodiversity (1992)
5. Chapter 24 of Agenda 21 (UNCED 1992)
6. World Conference on Human Rights (1993)
7. International Conference on Population and Development (1994)
8. Convention to Combat Desertification (1994)
9. World Summit for Social Development (1995)
10. Beijing Platform for Action (1995)
11. Millennium Declaration (2000)
12. Johannesburg Plan of Action (2002)
13. Hyogo Framework for Action (2005)
14. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change/Kyoto Protocol (1992)- Exception!!

GENDER AT IUCN

IUCN’s DEFINITION OF GENDER
IUCN understands that gender refers to the attributes and opportunities associated
with being male and female and the socio-cultural relationships
In most societies there are differences and inequalities between women and men in
activities undertaken, access to and control over resources as well as decision
making opportunities
Gender is part of the broader socio-cultural context which also takes into
consideration factors such as class, race, economic status, ethnic group and age
IUCN understands that adopting a gender perspective means focusing on both

women and men and their relationships with each other and natural resources
IUCN further understands that mainstreaming gender means creating an enabling

working environment that in turn attracts and helps to retain gender sensitive staff
http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gender/

IUCN' S GENDER POLICY STATEMENT
(Adopted in April 1998)
Submitted to the 48th meeting of the IUCN Council 27-29 April 1998 and was endorsed with
subsequent modifications
Calls for the promotion of equity and equality as a crucial factor for environmental
sustainability and an integral part of all conservation efforts. It presents the goals of equity
and equality in the context of IUCN's overall mission and provides a brief conceptual
framework and the rationale for the consideration of equality issues
Calls for an effective mainstreaming strategy to integrate a gender perspective in a broad

socio-cultural context, into IUCN's Policies, Programmes and Projects
cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/gender_policy.pdf

MAINSTREAMING GENDER
IN IUCN’s WORK
IUCN realizes that gender is one of the most important determinants of a wholesome and
meaningful development
IUCN realizes that fundamental objectives of any development programme cannot be

achieved without taking into account the role of gender and harmonizing gender relations
IUCN realizes that human development, that often precedes its material effects and
manifestations is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to actualize in the absence of gender
equity and justice
A long process of recognition of issues of gender, beginning in 1984 culminated in a

resolution to the 1996 World Conservation Congress. This resolution called for, among other
things, IUCN to “integrate gender perspectives across the IUCN Programme”
IUCN’s Gender Checklist and Guidelines (2006)

http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/asia/asia_where_work/pakistan/publications/pubs
2006/pubs_gender_checklist.cfm

SUPPORT TO PARTNERS
Training Manual on Gender and Climate Change

(http://generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/651_english.pdf )
Goal:
Answering the urgent demand expressed by the Parties to UNFCCC and other stakeholders
for a deeper understanding about the linkages between gender and climate change.
Scope:
- including the latest data and information on the
gender dimensions of climate change;
- offering participatory training methodologies for

trainers to foster successful trainings
in the topic at a national and/or regional levels.

SUPPORT TO PARTNERS
CBD’s Gender Plan of Action

http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/cop/cop-09/information/cop-09-inf-12-rev1-en.doc
Defines the role that the CBD Convention Secretariat will play in stimulating and facilitating
efforts to overcome constraints and take advantage of opportunities to promote gender
equality
It is also a reflection of the increasing awareness that gender equality and women’s
empowerment are important prerequisites for environmental conservation and sustainable
development

SUPPORT TO PARTNERS
UNEP’s Gender Plan of Action

http://www.unep.ch/roe/gender/refdocs/Final%20POA%20for%20UNEP.pdf
The Plan of Action is a set of gender-equality criteria, gender sensitive strategies and
guidelines for implementation of programmes

SUPPORT TO PARTNERS
Gender Equality within the REDD and REDD-plus framework (UNFCCC)

http://www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/500.pdf
Incorporation of gender considerations into the REDD and REDD-plus frameworks brings
about increased efficiency and sustainability as it contributes to women’s involvement and
commitment who are crucial players of local forest management

SUPPORT TO PARTNERS
IUCN Factsheet Linking Gender and Biodiversity

IUCN Factsheet Gender and Agricultural Biodiversity

IUCN Factsheet Gender and National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans
(NBSAPs)
IUCN Factsheet "Gender and Bioenergy"

Putting Words into Action… Analysis of the Status of Gender Mainstreaming in the
Main Multilateral Environmental Agreements

RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN
IUCN Pakistan recognises gender equity as an integral element for conservation and
sustainable development and is committed to ensuring that gender is an inherent
factor in all its programmes and projects
Gender integration and sensitisation are important factors in its mandate
IUCN’s Human Resource Manual contains a specific Gender Policy (Annexe 1), that
aims at achieving a gender balance in staff
The global IUCN Gender Policy adopted in 1998 has also been adopted in both
Pakistan and the region (Annexe 2). The Policy statement calls for:
the promotion of equity and equality as a crucial factor for environmental

sustainability and an integral part of all conservation efforts. It presents the
goals of equity and equality in the context of IUCN's overall mission and
provides a brief conceptual framework and the rationale for the consideration of
equality issues in environmental work
Prepared Gender Checklist and Guidelines (IUCN, 2004)

RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN (contd.)
Environmental Rehabilitation in NWFP and Punjab (ERNP 1997-2003)

- Gender an integrated component
- Equal opportunities for managerial and technical skill building
- Equal opportunities for natural resource management
Mountain Areas Conservation Programme (MACP 1999-2006)
- Mainstreaming in programme activities
- Equal opportunities for managerial and technical skill building
- Enhanced role in local governance

Programme Support Northern Pakistan (PSNP)

- Development of gender checklists and guidelines
- Gender sensitive monitoring with relevant indicators

- Gender sensitization of staff and partners
- Gender budgeting
- Special focus on women in model projects
- Specific programmes with women groups
Environmental Fiscal Reforms (EFR 2006-2010)

Gender considerations mainstreamed in project rationaleg
Gender-related aspects (environmental investments), considered in all policy/advocacy activities
Trainings and capacity building, management of resources

Balochistan Partnerships for Sustainable Development (BPSD 2007-2013)
- Gender equity as a key component, take affirmative action to involve

women in programme activities
- Measures to address existing gender disparities
- Integrated into District Development Visions (Lasbela, Pishin, Mastung and Quetta)

Findings of Study on “Climate Change in District Quetta, Balochistan-

Implications and Recommendations” (Under publication, 2011)
Women make up a large number of the poor in communities

in Quetta are disproportionately vulnerable to and affected
Poor women are more vulnerable because of socially

constructed gender roles and behaviors
In Quetta, women’s informal rights to resources could

decrease or disappear as access to land natural resources
dwindle due to climate change
Gender discrimination in the allocation of resources,

including those relating to nutrition and medicines is putting
females at greater risk than male

Thanks
Saadullah Ayaz
Coordinator Climate Change/Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities
IUCN Pakistan
Email: saad.ayaz@iucn.org

Climate Change and Gender - Saadullah Ayaz

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Climate Change and Gender-

Status of an ‘Observer’ in UN General Assembly

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Action: IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to

Influence: IUCN supports governments, NGOs, international

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Headquarters in Gland, Switzerland

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Knowledge Empowerment Governance

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

A long term commitment since 1985

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Country Office at Karachi

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IUCN Pakistan is seen as an effective agent for;

• Mainstreaming environment into policy-making, periodic reviews

• Building partnerships and encouraging dialogue with stakeholder

• Encouraging and supporting environmental impact assessments of all new

• Awareness and advocacy

• Demonstrating/piloting in remote areas to provide replicable models for

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

…..Should not simply be about women.

Furthermore, women and girls are involved in

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Climate change is not gender neutral

Climate change impacts will be differently distributed

The poor (of which 70% are women) will be

Gender Concerns and Ethics

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Many key decision-making institutions related to climate

Women’s empowerment is now being linked to climate change

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Household food provision;

Household fuel provision;

Household water provision;

Lack of access to healthcare;

Loss of livelihoods; lack of adequate

Loss of livelihoods and lives; sexual

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

1. United Nations Charter (1945)

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IUCN understands that adopting a gender perspective means focusing on both

IUCN further understands that mainstreaming gender means creating an enabling

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Calls for an effective mainstreaming strategy to integrate a gender perspective in a broad

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IUCN realizes that fundamental objectives of any development programme cannot be

A long process of recognition of issues of gender, beginning in 1984 culminated in a

IUCN’s Gender Checklist and Guidelines (2006)

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Training Manual on Gender and Climate Change

- offering participatory training methodologies for

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

CBD’s Gender Plan of Action

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources