1. What is emotional intelligence?

Differentiate between Intelligence Quotient and

Emotional Intelligence? How to measure Emotional Intelligence?

What is emotional intelligence or EQ?

Emotional intelligence (otherwise known as emotional quotient or EQ) is the ability to

understand, use, and manage your own emotions in positive ways to relieve stress,
communicate effectively, empathize with others, overcome challenges and defuse conflict.
Emotional intelligence helps you build stronger relationships, succeed at school and work,
and achieve your career and personal goals. It can also help you to connect with your
feelings, turn intention into action, and make informed decisions about what matters most to
you.

Emotional intelligence is commonly defined by four attributes:

1. Self-management – You’re able to control impulsive feelings and behaviours,

manage your emotions in healthy ways, take initiative, follow through on
commitments, and adapt to changing circumstances.

2. Self-awareness – You recognize your own emotions and how they affect your
thoughts and behaviour. You know your strengths and weaknesses, and have self-
confidence.

3. Social awareness – You have empathy. You can understand the emotions, needs,
and concerns of other people, pick up on emotional cues, feel comfortable socially,
and recognize the power dynamics in a group or organization.

4. Relationship management – You know how to develop and maintain good

relationships, communicate clearly, inspire and influence others, work well in a
team, and manage conflict.

Why is emotional intelligence so important?

As we know, it’s not the smartest people who are the most successful or the most fulfilled in
life. You probably know people who are academically brilliant and yet are socially inept and
unsuccessful at work or in their personal relationships. Intellectual ability or your intelligence
quotient (IQ) isn’t enough on its own to achieve success in life. Yes, your IQ can help you get
into college, but it’s your EQ that will help you manage the stress and emotions when facing
your final exams. IQ and EQ exist in tandem and are most effective when they build off one
another.

Intelligence Quotient

Merriam-Webster defines IQ as “a number used to express the apparent relative intelligence

of a person. Determined by either the ratio of the mental age (as reported on a standardized
test) to the chronological age multiplied by 100 - or a score determined by one's performance
on a standardized intelligence test relative to the average performance of others of the same
age.”

The secondary definition is “proficiency in or knowledge of a specified subject.” “Nobody

can question this fan’s baseball IQ” is an example of the secondary definition used in a
sentence. A person scoring below 70 is typically considered to have an intellectual disability,
while those scoring over 145 are considered genius or near-genius. While it’s technically
possible to score at or above 180, two-thirds of the population have an IQ somewhere
between 85-115.  IQ can change over time depending on a person’s propensity to learn new
concepts.

Emotional Quotient

Emotional Quotient (EQ) is defined as an individual’s ability to sense, understand and

effectively apply the power and acumen of emotions to facilitate higher levels of
collaboration and productivity. EQ is often referred to as emotional intelligence as the terms
are interchangeable. Research shows that successful leaders and superior performers have
well developed emotional intelligence skills. This makes it possible for them to work well
with a wide variety of people and to respond effectively to the rapidly changing conditions in
the business world. In fact, a person’s emotional intelligence may be a better predictor of
performance success than intelligence.

Emotional Intelligence is measured through assessments. A person answers a series of

questions, and in doing so, earns a specific score for each of the five individual sub-
categories that make up EQ, as well as an overall score. Like IQ, a person can focus on
specific areas of EQ and work to improve their scores.  
5 Components of Emotional Quotient

When considering emotional intelligence, we look both internally and externally. EQ

considers how we think about ourselves and how we think about and act toward others.

The stronger a person is in each of these areas, the better chances he or she possesses to
achieving greatness in most situations.

The three internal hallmarks of emotional intelligence pertinent to self are:

 Self-awareness is the ability to recognize and understand your moods, emotions and

drives, as well as their effect on others.
 Self-regulation is the ability to control or redirect disruptive impulses and moods and
the propensity to suspend judgement and think before acting. In practice, it is your
ability to influence your emotional clarity.
 Motivation is a passion to work for reasons that go beyond the external drive for
knowledge, utility, surroundings, others, power or methodology and are based on an
internal drive or propensity to pursue goals with energy and persistence.

Externally, EQ is a measure of what goes on between you and others.

 Social-awareness is the ability to understand the emotional makeup of other people

and how your words and actions affect others. Summed up, it’s all about assessing
others.
 Social-regulation is your ability to influence the emotional clarity of others through a
proficiency in managing relationships and building networks.

How to Gauge EQ

Unlike very observable behavioural styles, EQ is best measured through the use of

assessments. Based on the answers to questions, a person will score somewhere between 0
and 100. The higher the score, the higher the EQ. Understanding a person’s EQ, along with
knowing their natural behavioural style and their drivers can help paint a clearer picture of
what that person is all about and how they will likely behave in certain situations.

Leading voices on EQ
Daniel Goleman is a leading voice in the field of emotional intelligence. Author of the New
York Times bestseller Emotional Intelligence  and Social Intelligence: The New Science of
Human Relationships. Dr. Goleman is an internationally known psychologist who lectures
frequently to professional groups, business audiences, and on college campuses.

Working as a science journalist, Goleman reported on the brain and behavioral sciences
for The New York Times for many years. His 1995 book, Emotional Intelligence (Bantam
Books) was on The New York Times bestseller list for a year-and-a-half; it is available around
the world in 40 languages. Goleman has been quoted as saying, “emotional intelligence is the
barometer of excellence on virtually any job. Emotional intelligence counts more than IQ or
expertise for excelling on the job.”

Dr. Izzy Justice, is a noted author and leading voice in the field of EQ. He is a sought-after
advisor known for providing thought leadership and talent management in the workplace. Dr.
Justice is a strong believer that just the way an athlete tires during sport, our minds and
cognitive abilities tire throughout the day and may be less effective as the day goes on. He
refers to this as emotional fatigue. Learn more about emotional fatigue and Dr. Justice’s
recommendations for improving these areas in his blog entitled Emotional Fatigue.

Conclusion

The good news is that, just like your IQ, your EQ is not set in stone. While you may have
areas in which you struggle today, with conscious effort you can improve those scores. Doing
so will help you succeed in all situations, especially in business or social interactions.

Emotional intelligence is part knowledge, part restraint and part wisdom. Just as we spend
years going to school to build our IQ, we need to spend time each and every day working on
our EQ. Having a high IQ, without an equally high EQ, only gets us so far. But the
combination of the two working in tandem can create limitless opportunities for someone
proficient in both areas.

2. What is Self-Management? Explain the steps to facilitate effective Self-

Management in Everyday life?
Self-Management

Self-management is the competence to shape one's own personal and professional

development independently of external influences. We are in charge of your own destiny.
This means it's up to you to find your place in the world and know when to change course. 
Peter Drucker, author of the book "Managing Oneself" emphasizes that we live in an age of
unprecedented opportunities. However, these choices also require taking responsibility for
one's own development and personal maturity. He says:

"Knowledge workers must, effectively, be their own chief executive officers". 

This means that we are both a company and a manager. Your body and mind personify the
company through its beliefs and physiological qualities. Our behaviour and how you handle
your decisions to bring this business to prosper represents our role as a manager.

But why is this important?

A large part of the working population is chronically stressed. Some are already at the end of
their strength and suffer from the symptoms of overwork, such as burnout.

Self-management comes into play to help we become more self-aware. It enables us to

achieve the life you want and stop blaming external factors for your problem. When learning
how to manage yourself, we recognize the impact of our emotions and thoughts on a given
action. It makes you responsible and equipped to evaluate our work and determine the way to
proceed.

A simple checklist that will help you develop your self-management skills and be more
productive-

1. Assess your strengths. Determine what professional tasks you’re best at, and focus on
ways to maximize your abilities in these areas. Understanding your strengths helps you
manage your career path in a way that makes the most of skills like coding, technical
writing, graphic design or customer service.
2. Prioritize your responsibilities. Clearly define which responsibilities are most
important, and focus your attention on the most critical jobs, avoiding distractions that
draw you away from what matters.
3. Develop organizational systems. Find effective methods that help you manage your
time, streamline your daily activities and keep important items in easy-to-find places.
This step might include using an agenda book, setting up a time-management app on
your phone or creating a filing system at your desk.
4. Create strict deadlines. Assign deadlines to each stage of a project, and maintain your
schedule. Hold yourself accountable for getting tasks done on or ahead of schedule by
committing to put in more hours when needed to reach your self-designated
checkpoints.
5. Perform one task at a time. Focus your time, energy and abilities on a single task at
any given moment. Complete each task fully before moving on to another so that
you’re managing your time and effort efficiently.
6. Practice patience. Maintain a sense of calm so you can think clearly and objectively.
Be considerate of others, and try to empathize with their needs and experiences to
more effectively help them.
7. Take care of your health and wellness. Maintain a proper diet, exercise regularly,
care for your personal hygiene and actively focus on lowering your stress levels. Take
breaks to stretch and clear your mind, keep healthy snacks at work and look for
opportunities for physical activity, such as a brisk walk on your lunch hour.
8. Evaluate your progress. Objectively assess the progress you’ve made toward your
goals by setting checkpoints along the way and tracking your accomplishments to see
if you’ve met them. Ask a mentor for assistance to get a well-rounded appraisal. Use
this feedback to improve your self-management going forward.