ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ

ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

« ЗЕРНОГРАДСКИЙ ТЕХНИКУМ АГРОТЕХНОЛОГИЙ»

С.А. Кубинец

УЧЕБНО - МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

FOODSTUFF

Зерноград

2019

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 Кубинец С.А. учебно – методическое пособие «Foodstuff»

Учебно-методическое пособие узкопрофилированное, способствует

развитию умений и навыков чтения технических текстов по профессии
«Хозяйка (ин) усадьбы» 35.01.23.
Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов
среднего профессионального образования и преподавателей для
аудиторной и внеаудиторной работы по учебной дисциплине «Иностранный
язык».

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 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Vegetables (овощи)………………………………………………………………..4
Fruits (фрукты)……………………………………………………………………5
Meat/poultry/fish (мясо/птица/рыба) ……………………………………………7
Drinks (напитки) ………………………………………………………………...13
Cereals (зерновые)……………………………………………………………….16
Condiments, sauces, seasonings (специи, соусы, приправы)… ……………..17
Pastry, dessert, sweets ( выпечка, десерт, сладости )…… ……………………18
Fast – food (фаст-фуд, быстрое питание)……………………………………..19
Kitchen utensils (кухонная утварь)………………………….…………………29
Marking on food (маркировка на продуктах)…………………………………31
Method of preparation, verbs (способ приготовления (глаголы)………….32
Types of eateries (виды закусочных)………………………..……...………….34
Exercises …………………………………………………………………………37
Recipe (рецепты)……… ………………………………………………………..38
Unit 1……………………………………………………………………………..57
Unit 2……………………………………………………………………………..60
Unit 3 …………………………………………………………………………….64
Unit 4 …………………………………………………………………………….67
Unit 5 …………………………………………………………………………….69
Unit 6 …………………………………………………………………………….70
Unit 7 …………………………………………………………………………….74
Unit 8 …………………………………………………………………………….80
Unit 9 …………………………………………………………………………….85
Unit 10 …………………………………………………………………………...89
Unit 11 …………………………………………………………………………...94
Unit 12 …………………………………………………………………………...96
Unit 13 ………………………………………………………………………..…101
Unit 14 ………………………………………………………………………….102
Unit 15 ………………………………………………………………………….105
Unit 16 ………………………………………………………………………….110
Unit 17 ……………………………………………………………………..……112
Список литературы…………………………………………….………………115

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 Vegetables (овощи)
Potato [pəˈteɪtoʊ] - картофель
Tomato [təˈmeɪtoʊ] - помидор
Carrot [kærət] - морковь
Cabbage [kæbɪdʒ] - капуста
Pepper [pepər] - перец
Hot / Chili pepper [hɑːt / tʃɪli pepər] - острый перец
Eggplant [eɡplænt] - баклажан
Cauliflower [kɔːliflaʊər] - цветная капуста
Onion [ʌnjən] - лук
Garlic [ɡɑːrlɪk] - чеснок
Parsley [pɑːrsli] - петрушка
Celery [seləri] - сельдерей
Radish [ˈrædɪʃ] - редиска
Cucumber [kjuːkʌmbər] - огурец
Lettuce [letɪs] - салат-латук
Pumpkin [pʌmpkɪn] - тыква
Courgette [kʊrˈʒet] - кабачок
Pea [piː] - горох
Chick pea [tʃɪk piː] - нут обыкновенный
Green beans [ɡriːn biːnz] - зеленая фасоль
Asparagus [əˈspærəɡəs] - cпаржа
Green onion [ɡriːn ʌnjən] - зеленый лук, лук-перо
Broccoli [brɑːkəli] - капуста броколи
Spinach [spɪnɪtʃ] - шпинат
Corn [kɔːrn] - кукуруза
Yam [jæm] - батат, сладкий картофель
Beets [biːts] - свекла
Turnip [tɜːrnɪp] - репа
Ginger [dʒɪndʒər] – имбирь
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 Fruits (фрукты)
apricot — ['eɪprɪkɒt] - абрикос
pineapple ['paɪnˌæpl] - ананас
banana — [bə'nɑːnə] - банан
bergamot — [ʹbɜ:gəmɒt] - бергамот
grape — [ greip ] - виноград
grapefruit — ['greɪpˌfruːt] - грейпфрут
pear — [peə] - груша
melon — ['mɛlən] - дыня
lemon — ['lɛmən] - лимон
tangerine — ['tænʤəˈriːn] - мандарин
peach — [ piːʧ ] - персик
Plum — [ 'pləm ] - слива
apple — ['æpl] - яблоко
lime — [laɪm] - лайм
kiwi — [ˈkiːwiː] - киви
Fig — [ˈfɪɡ] - винная ягода, инжир
mango — [ˈmæŋɡoʊ] — манго
Persimmon — [pəˈsɪmən] - хурма
Pomelo — [ˈpɒməloʊ] - помелло
pomegranate — [ˈpɒmˌgrænɪt] – гранат
berry — [ 'berɪ ] - ягода
watermelon — [ 'wɒtər‚melən ] - арбуз
barberry — [ 'bɑ:r‚berɪ ] - барбарис
cowberry — [ 'kaʋ‚berɪ ] - брусника
cherry — [ 'ʧeri ] - вишня
blackberry — [ 'blækb (ə)ri ] - ежевика
strawberry — [ 'strɔ:bəri ] -клубника
viburnum — [ vaɪˈbɜːrnəm ] - калина
cranberry — [ 'krænbəri ] - клюква
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Dogwood — [ ˈdɒˌɡwʊd ] - кизил
raspberry — [ 'rɑ:zbəri ] - малина
blueberry — [ 'blu:‚berɪ ] -черника
Elder — [ ˈeldər ] - бузина
gooseberry — [ 'guzberi ] - крыжовник
Buckthorn — [ ˈbəkˌθɔːrn ] - облепиха, крушина
Rowan — [ ˈroʊən ] - рябина
black chokeberry — [ blæk tʃɔkeberɪ ] - черноплодная рябина
red currant — [ red’kʌrənt ] - смородина
black currant — [ blæk 'kʌrənt ] - чёрная смородина
blueberry — [ 'blu:‚berɪ ] -черника
raspberry — [ 'rɑ:zbəri ] – малина
gooseberry — [ 'guzberi ] - крыжовник
cranberry — [ 'krænbəri ] - клюква
currant — [ 'kʌrənt ] - смородина
sweet cherry — [ swi: t 'ʧeri ] – черешня
cloudberry — [ 'klaʋd‚berɪ ] - морошка
bog bilberry — [ bɔg 'bɪl‚berɪ ] - голубика
wild strawberry — [ waild 'strɔ:bəri ] - лесная земляника
rose hip — [ rəuz hip ] – шиповник

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 Meat/poultry/fish (мясо/птица/рыба)
Meat/poultry
Баранина Mutton ['mʌt(ə)n]
Бекон Bacon ['beɪk(ə)n]
Бифштекс Beefsteak [ˈbiːfˈsteɪk]
Буженина Boiled pork [bɔɪld pɔːk]
Ветчина, окорок Ham [hæm]
Гамбургер Hamburger [ˈhæmbɜːgə]
Говядина Beef [bi:f]
Грудинка Brisket [ˈbrɪskɪt]
Дичь Game [geɪm]
Домашняя птица Poultry ['pəultrɪ]
Жареная курица Roast chicken [rəʊst ˈʧɪkɪn]
Заливной Jellied [ˈdʒelid]
Индейка Turkey ['tɜːkɪ]
Колбаса Sausage ['sɔsɪʤ]
Котлета Cutlet [ˈkʌtlɪt]
Кролик Rabbit [ˈræbɪt]
Курица Chicken ['ʧɪkɪn]
Мясо Meat [mi:t]
Обжаренный Roasted [ˈrəʊstɪd]
Отбивная Chop [ʧɔp]
Печень Liver [ˈlɪvə]
Подливка Gravy [ˈgreɪvɪ]
Почка Kidney [ˈkɪdnɪ]
Рёбра Ribs [rɪbz]
Ростбиф Rost beef [rəʊst biːf]
Свинина Pork [pɔːk]
Сосиска Sausage [ə 'sɔsɪʤ]
Студень Jelly [ˈʤelɪ]
Телятина Veal [vi:l]
Фарш Minced meat [mɪnst mi:t]
Фрикаделька Meatball [ˈmiːtbɔːl]
Ягнятина Lamb [læm]

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 Fish

Shark; (некрупная) ʃɑːk ; ˈdɒgfɪʃ Акула

dogfish

Anabas Anabas Анабас

Anchovy ˈænʧəvi Анчоус

Mahseer Mahseer Барбус

Barracuda ˌbærəˈkuːdə Барракуда

Bullhead, miller’s thumb, ˈbʊlhɛd, ˈmɪləz θʌm, ˈgəʊbaɪ Бычок

goby

Caspian roach ˈkæspɪən rəʊʧ Вобла

Chub ʧʌb Голавль

Loach ləʊʧ Голец

Minnow ˈmɪnəʊ Гольян

Pink Salmon pɪŋk ˈsæmən Горбуша

Grouper ˈgruːpə Групер

Bergall, tautog Bergall , tautog Губан

Guppy Guppy Гуппи

Gourami Gourami Гурами

Danio Danio Данио

Dace deɪs Елец

Ruffe - Ruffe - Ёрш

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Asp æsp Жерех

Lancet fish ˈlɑːnsɪt fɪʃ Зубатка

Plaice, flounder, sole, pleɪs , ˈflaʊndə , səʊl , Камбала

flatfish ˈflætfɪʃ

Crucian (carp) ˈkruːʃən ( kɑːp ) Карась

Carp kɑːp Карп

Chum Salmon ʧʌm ˈsæmən Кета

Grey mullet greɪ ˈmʌlɪt Кефаль

Coho, silver salmon Coho , ˈsɪlvə ˈsæmən Кижуч

Stickleback, tittlebat ˈstɪklbæk , ˈtɪtlbæt Колюшка

Smelt smɛlt Корюшка

Killer whale; shamoo ˈkɪlə weɪl ; shamoo Косатка

Rudd, red-eye Rudd , rɛd aɪ Красноперка

Bream briːm Лещ

Tench tɛnʃ Линь

Salmon ˈsæmən Лосось

Lamprey; (морская) ˈlæmpri ; (морская) stəʊn iːl Минога

stone eel

Capelin Capelin Мойва

Moray Moray Мурена

Navaga Navaga Навага

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Burbot, eelpout, methy ˈbɜːbət , ˈiːlpaʊt , methy Налим

Neon ˈniːən Неон

Perch; bass pɜːʧ; beɪs Окунь

Grouper ˈgruːpə Окунь морской

Arctic cisco ˈɑːktɪk ˈsɪskəʊ Омуль

Sturgeon ˈstɜːʤən Осётр

Halibut, turbot ˈhælɪbət , ˈtɜːbət Палтус

Peled Peled Пелядь

Gudgeon ˈgʌʤən Пескарь

Haddock ˈhædək Пикша

Piranha pɪˈrɑːnə Пиранья

Roach rəʊʧ Плотва

Blue whiting bluː ˈwaɪtɪŋ Путассу

Chinese sleeper ˌʧaɪˈniːz ˈsliːpə Ротан

Whitefish ˈwaɪtfɪʃ Ряпушка

(European) carp ( ˌjʊərəˈpi(ː)ən ) kɑːp Сазан

Saury ˈsɔːri Сайра

Starred / stellate stɑːd / ˈstɛlɪt ˈstɜːʤən Севрюга

sturgeon

Atlantic Herring ətˈlæntɪk ˈhɛrɪŋ Сельдь

атлантическая

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Salmon ˈsæmən Сёмга

Baltic whitefish, cisco, ˈbɔːltɪk ˈwaɪtfɪʃ , ˈsɪskəʊ , Сиг

pollan pollan

Zope Zope Синец

Ray, scate reɪ , scate Скат

Mackerel ˈmækrəl Скумбрия

Sheatfish ˈʃiːtfɪʃ Сом

Jack mackerel, horse ʤæk ˈmækrəl , hɔːs ˈmækrəl Ставрида

mackerel

Sterlet ˈstɜːlɪt Стерлядь

Zander, pikeperch ˈzændə , pikeperch Судак

Vimba Vimba Сырть

Greenling Greenling Терпуг

Tilapia - Tilapia - Тилапия

Silver carp ˈsɪlvə kɑːp Толстолобик

Cod kɒd Треска

Tunny; tuna ˈtʌni ; ˈtuːnə Тунец

Eel iːl Угорь

Bleak bliːk Уклейка

Trout traʊt Форель

Grayling ˈgreɪlɪŋ Хариус

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Hake heɪk Хек

Chinook Salmon Chinook ˈsæmən Чавыча

Ziege Ziege Чехонь

Pike; (морская) ling paɪk ; (морская) lɪŋ Щука

Ide Ide Язь

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 Drinks
beer [bıə] пиво

beer chaser [ˈbɪr ˈtʃeɪsər] стакан пива вслед за виски

black coffee [blæk'kɔfı] чёрный кофе

brick-tea [brıkti:] кирпичный чай (прессованный чай)

brown ale [brauneıl] темное пиво

cappucino ['kəpυ'tʃɪ:nəυ] капучино

Ceylon tea [sɪ'lɒnti:] цейлонский чай

champagne [ʃæm'peın] шампанское

China tea ['ʧaınəti:] китайский чай

cider ['saıdə] сидр

cocktail ['kɔkteıl] коктейль

cocoa ['kəukəu] какао

coffee ['kɔfı] кофе

coffee with cream ['kɔfıwıðkri:m] кофе со сливками

coffee with milk ['kɔfıwıðmılk] кофе с молоком

coffee-beans ['kɒfɪbi:ns] кофе в зёрнах

cognac ['kɔnjæk] коньяк

[drıŋk] напиток (питьё)

drink

dry wine [draıwaın] сухое вино

flower tea ['flauəti:] цветочный чай

gin [ʤın] джин

ginger beer [̗dʒɪndʒə'bɪə] имбирное пиво

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grog [grɔg] грог

ground coffee [graund'kɔfı] молотый кофе

instant coffee ['ınstənt'kɔfı] быстрорастворимый кофе

juice [ʤu:s] сок

lager beer ['lɑ:ɡə(bɪə)] лёгкое пиво

lemonade [,lemə'neıd] лимонад

light ale [laıteıl] светлое пиво

liqueur [lı'kjuə] ликер

mineral water ['mınərəl'wɔ:tə] минеральная вода

near-beer ['nɪəbɪə] безалкогольное пиво

pale [peıl] светлое пиво

porter ['pɔ:tə] темное пиво

pub [pʌb] пивная (сокращение от public house)

punch [pʌnʧ] пунш

rose tea [rəuzti:] цветочный чай

sherry ['ʃerı] херес

small beer ['smɔ:lbıə] сла́бое пи́во

sparkling wine ['spɑ:klıŋwaın] игристое вино

stewed fruit [stju:dfru:t] компот

strong tea [strɔŋti:] крепкий чай

strong coffee [strɔŋ'kɔfı] крепкий кофе

table wine ['teıblwaın] столовое вино

table-beer ['teɪbl̗ bɪə] столовое пиво

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tea [ti:] чай

tile tea [taıl][ti:] кирпичный чай (прессованный чай)

weak tea [wi:kti:] слабый чай

whisky ['wıskı] виски

white coffee [waıt'kɔfı] кофе с молоком

wine [waın] вино

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 Cereals (зерновые)

barley ˈbɑːli ячмень

corn kɔːn кукуруза

millet ˈmɪlɪt просо

oats əʊts овес

rice raɪs рис

rye raɪ рожь

brown rice braʊn raɪs коричневый рис

short grain rice ʃɔːt ɡreɪn raɪs рис круглозерный

long grain rice ˈlɒŋ ɡreɪn raɪs рис длиннозерный

soy beans sɔɪ biːnz соевые бобы

wheat ˈwiːt пшеница

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 Condiments (специи)
Bay [beɪ] - лавровый лист
Sage [seɪʤ]- шалфей
Bazil ['bæzl] – базилик
Oregano [ˌɔrɪ'gɑːnəu] - орегано (душица)
Mint [mɪnt] – мята
Parsley ['pɑːslɪ] – петрушка
Thyme [taɪm] – тмин
Rosemary ['rəuzm(ə)rɪ] – розмарин
Dill [dɪl] – укроп
Tarragon ['tærəgən] - тархун, полынь, эстрагон
Chives [ʧaɪv] - побеги зеленого лука
Cilantro [sɪ'lɑːntrəu] – кинза
Clove [kləuv] – гвоздика
Peppercorn ['pepəkɔːn] - горошины черного перца, анис
Cinnamon ['sɪnəmən] – корица
Cardamom ['kɑːdəməm] – кардамон
Nutmeg ['nʌtmeg] - мускатный орех
Ginger ['ʤɪnʤə] – имбирь
Saffron ['sæfrən] - шафран
Turmeric ['tɜːm(ə)rɪk] – куркума
Paprika ['pæprɪkə] – паприка
Coriander [ˌkɔrɪ'ændə] – кориандр
Cumin ['kjuːmɪn] - зерна кумина ( в России их еще называют зира, темьян)
Salt [sɔːlt ] – соль
Sugar [ˈʃʊgə]– сахар
Vinegar [ˈvɪnɪgə]– уксус
Cinnamon [ˈsɪnəmən]– корица
Horseradish [ˈhɔːsˌrædɪʃ ] – хрен
Sauce [sɔːs ] – соус
Mayonnaise [ˌmeɪəˈneɪz] – майонез
Mustard [ˈmʌstəd ] – горчица
Ketchup [ˈkɛʧəp] – кетчуп
Sour cream [ˈsaʊə kriːm] – сметана

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 Pastry, dessert, sweets
( выпечка, десерт, сладости)

bread [bred] — хлеб

bread roll [bred rəʋl] — булочка
French bread/baguet[frentʃ bred]/baguet — батон
pie [paı] — пирог
cake [keık] — торт, пирог
pancakes — блины
patty[ʹpætı] — пирожное
cookie [ʹkʋkı] — домашнее печенье
cracker [ˈkrækə]— соленое печенье
biscuit [ˈbɪskɪt] — сладкое печенье
rolled cake [rəʊld keɪk]— рулет
wafles [wafles]— вафли
ginger bread [ˈʤɪnʤə brɛd]— пряник
eclair [ˈeɪkleə ]— эклер
apple pie — яблочный пирог
blueberry pie — пирог с черникой
brownie [ˈbrounē]— шоколадное пирожное с орехами
cake (with frosting) — пирожное с сахарной глазурью
candy bar — сладкая плитка
chocolate ['tʃɔkəlit]— шоколад
chocolate bar — плитка шоколада
cobbler [ˈkäblər]— фруктовое пирожное
fruit ['fru:t]— фрукты
ice cream — мороженое
jello [ˈjelō]— желе
key lime pie — пирог с лаймом
licorice ['likəris]— лакрица
pecan pie — пирожное с орехами
sprinkles [ˈspriNGkəl]— крошка, присыпка
sundae ['sʌndei]— мороженое со сладким сиропом, сливками и присыпкой
(chocolate chip) cookies — печенье с шоколадной крошкой
daughnut [daughnut ] — пончик

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 Fast – food (фаст-фуд)
buffalo wings
hot wings куриные крылышки жареные во фритюре
chicken wings
burger ['bɜ:gə]— бургер
cheeseburger [ˈCHēzˌbərgər]— чизбургер
fish and chips — рыба жареная во фритюре и картофель фри (английское
блюдо)
French fries / chips — картофель фри
hamburger [ˈhamˌbərgər]— гамбургер
hot-dog — хот-дог
nachos [ˈnäCHō]— начос (кукурузные чипсы)
nachos with cheese — начос с сыром
onion rings — жаренные во фритюре луковые кольца
pizza ['pi:tsə]— пицца
popcorn [ˈpäpˌkôrn]— поп-корн
potato crisps / potato chips — картофельные чипсы
sandwich [ˈsanˌ(d)wiCH]— сэндвич
slice of pizza — слайс пиццы

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 Здесь или с собой?
Как заказать фаст-фуд по-английски
Знаете, сколько ресторанов McDonald’s в Соединенных Штатах?
Более 14-ти тысяч.
А в мире их количество превышает 36 тысяч!
Но McDonald’s – не единственная сеть, которая кормит посетителей
«быстрой» едой. Если вы планируете поехать в страны, где говорят по-
английски, и особенно в США, имейте в виду: фастфуд это сытный и
необременительный для кошелька вариант. К тому же сегодня многие сети
пытаются сделать свое меню более полезным для здоровья и информировать
потребителей о том, сколько калорий они съедают.
В ресторанах быстрого питания (fast food joints) действительно можно
быстро, а главное недорого поесть, а что еще нужно в нашем стремительном
мире? Причем качество будет гарантировано даже в самом удаленном
уголке мира, потому что в ресторанах одной сети все одинаковое: и название,
и фирменный стиль, и еда.
Вы, скорее всего, уже ели “быструю еду”, и не раз. А знаете ли вы, как
заказать фастфуд по-английски? Сейчас расскажем!
by YULIYA GEIKHMAN And KSENIA CHURMANTEEVA
Здесь или с собой? Как заказать фастфуд по-английски
Знаете, сколько ресторанов McDonald’s в Соединенных Штатах?
Более 14-ти тысяч.
А в мире их количество превышает 36 тысяч!
Но McDonald’s – не единственная сеть, которая кормит посетителей
«быстрой» едой. Если вы планируете поехать в страны, где говорят по-
английски, и особенно в США, имейте в виду: фастфуд это сытный и
необременительный для кошелька вариант. К тому же сегодня многие сети
пытаются сделать свое меню более полезным для здоровья и информировать
потребителей о том, сколько калорий они съедают.
В ресторанах быстрого питания (fast food joints) действительно можно
быстро, а главное недорого поесть, а что еще нужно в нашем стремительном
мире? Причем качество будет гарантировано даже в самом удаленном
уголке мира, потому что в ресторанах одной сети все одинаковое: и название,
и фирменный стиль, и еда.
Вы, скорее всего, уже ели “быструю еду”, и не раз. А знаете ли вы, как
заказать фастфуд по-английски? Сейчас расскажем!

Краткая история быстрой еды

Что у вас ассоциируется со словом «фастфуд»? Наверняка – Америка!
И не удивительно, ведь идея быстрого питания зародилась именно там.
В Америке и сейчас бесчисленное множество ресторанов, ресторанчиков и
кафе, подающих фастфуд.
Рестораны быстрого питания начали открываться в США в начале 20
века, а самой первой сетью фастфуда стало кафе White Castle. Сегодня
20
фастфуд все ругают за то, что быстрая еда вредит здоровью, но тогда, сто лет
назад, рестораны фастфуда соревновались друг с другом, пытаясь доказать
американцам, что вкусно поесть можно не только дома.
Когда американцы распробовали гамбургеры, которые для них
поджарил кто-то другой, они захотели добавки. Вслед за White Castle стали
открываться все новые и новые заведения, поэтому сегодня весь фастфуд так
похож друг на друга: все они скопировали одну и ту же идею быстрого
обслуживания покупателя, которому подают еду, приготовленную прямо у
него на глазах.
Где что подают
При слова «фастфуд» первое, что приходит на ум – это McDonald’s, но
таких сетей очень много. Вот некоторые самые крупные сети быстрого
питания в Америке:
 Burger King – гамбургеры, картошка, и в целом похоже на
McDonald’s.
 Subway подает сэндвичи, которые иногда называются “heroes”
(дальше мы расскажем о них подробнее).
 Starbucks предлагает посетителям разные виды кофе и легкие
закуски к нему.
 Chipotle это быстрая мексиканская кухня: буррито/burritos (рис,
фасоль и мясо, завернутые в кукурузную или пшеничную лепешку) и
такос/tacos (мясо и соус в лепешке, сложенной пополам).
 iHop s– блинчики и вафли.
 Arby’s славится стейками и сэндвичами.
Но сетевых ресторанов быстрого питания гораздо, гораздо больше!
Сегодня можно найти такой ресторан практически где угодно, на любой вкус
и кошелек.
Почти все они используют одни и те же слова и термины, но есть и
некоторые отличия.
Почему в разных сетевых ресторанах используются разные слова?
В фастфуде обожают придумывать собственные слова. Все дело в
продвижении бренда. Каждый хочет выделиться, чтобы покупатель
мгновенно отличал его от конкурентов.
Такие места как McDonald’s стараются, чтобы их еда и названия блюд
сразу узнавались потребителями. Название “Happy Meal” вы узнаете
мгновенно. Даже если в McDonald’s придумали что-то новенькое, вы сразу
поймете, что какой-нибудь бутерброд McChicken sandwich это блюдо из
McDonald’s, потому что оно начинается на “Mc-”.
Как заказывать фастфуд по-английски
В ресторанах фастфуда все должно происходить быстро, в том числе
процесс заказа. Он везде примерно одинаков, поэтому в любом ресторане,
чтобы сделать заказ, вам понадобятся похожие слова и выражения.
В начале своего заказа вы можете воспользоваться одной из
следующих фраз:
 “I’d like the…” (Мне, пожалуйста…)
21
  “I’ll take the…” (Я возьму… )
 “Do you have any…” (У вас есть… ?)
 “I’d like to place an order to go.” (Я хочу заказать еду с собой.)
Обычно работник ресторана, принимая у вас заказ, задает
дополнительные вопросы.
 “Would you like any sauces with that?” (Будете брать какой-нибудь
соус?)
 “Small, medium or large?” (Маленькую, большую или среднюю?)
 “Is that for here or to go?” (Здесь или с собой?)
Все, что вам нужно – внимательно слушать вопросы и выбирать из
предложенных вариантов.
Если у вас есть нестандартные пожелания – например, чтобы вам
подали маринованный огурчик отдельно, а не в бургере (a pickle on the side),
это надо обговорить во время заказа.
После того как заказ сформирован, кассир сообщит вам общую сумму
(total).
30 базовых английских слов и выражений, связанных с фаст-фудом
Общая лексика
1. Carry-out
«С собой». У всех ресторанов быстрого
питания есть одна прекрасная особенность: еду
можно заказать навынос. Это называется “carry-
out” или “take-out”. Еще одно выражение,
означающее, что вы хотите забрать заказ с собой
– “to go”.
2. Eat in
Это выражение означает, что вы собираетесь
съесть еду в ресторане. Делая заказ, вы также
можете сказать “to stay” или “for here” – все это
означает «съем здесь».

3. Drive through
Иногда это слово нарочно пишут
неправильно, вот так: “drive thru”. Это
специальный киоск, где вы можете купить еду
навынос, не выходя из автомобиля (у
McDonald’s это называется «Мак-авто»). Часто
заказ надо делать в одном окне. а получать его –
в другом.

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 4. Franchise
Франшиза – это в нашем случае ресторан быстрого
питания, который работает под известным брендом, но
самостоятельно. Покупая франшизу, владелец ресторана
приобретает готовую бизнес-модель, а также
технологии, меню и т.д. Очень многие рестораны
фастфуда являются франшизами, например, McDonald’s,
Burger King и Starbucks.
Разбираемся в меню
5. Menu
Как и в любом ресторане, в сетевых заведениях есть
меню (menu), в котором указаны названия блюд и цена. Во
многих местах большое меню вывешено на стене – это очень
удобно, потому что вы сразу видите все опции.

6. Combo
Если вам трудно выбрать, ресторан может сделать
это за вас. Часто в меню есть комплексные обеды или
наборы, которые называются “combos” (сокращенное
слово “combinations”). Обычно в них входят два-три
блюда и напиток.
Иногда заказать набор дешевле, чем покупать то же самое, но по
отдельности.
Когда вы заказываете combo, можно просто назвать его номер. Вы
также можете заказать к нему дополнительные блюда. Например, если вам
понравился набор №5, вы говорите: “I’d like a number 5, please, with a side
order of fries” (Номер пять с дополнительной картошкой-фри).
7. Nutrition
Сегодня всех интересует, сколько калорий они съели,
сколько в блюде было белков, углеводов, жиров, сахара и
т.д. Поэтому многие рестораны указывают питательную
ценность своих блюд, это называется “nutrition”.
Ни один ресторан быстрого питания не даст вам
полной информации о своих блюдах. Но кое-что вы все-таки узнаете,
например, количество сахара, жира и калорий. Такая информация позволяет
покупателям выбирать блюда более осознано.
Напитки
8. Beverage
Это слово как раз и означает «напиток» в самом
широком смысле слова. Все, кроме питьевой воды, это
“beverage”.
23
9. Soft drink

А это уже сладкая газировка. Иногда так

называют безалкогольные напитки в противовес
содержащим алкоголь, которые иногда будут
называться “hard drinks”.

10. Fountain drink

Во многих ресторанах быстрого питания вы
найдете стойки с газированной водой, которые
называются “soda fountain”. Это автоматы, где вы
можете самостоятельно налить себе напиток. В этом
случае, делая заказ, вы должны сказать “fountain
drink”, а какой именно – можете выбрать позже.

11. Slushie
“Slushie” это безалкогольный и очень сладкий
коктейль с сиропом и большим количеством льда. Не
очень полезно, зато вкусно.

12. Smoothie
В русском уже поселилось это слово – «смузи».
“Smoothie” это более здоровая альтернатива “slushie”.
Смузи делают из льда, молока, йогурта или мороженого, а
также свежих фруктов..

13. Coffee
Все знают слово “coffee”, но что такое “latte”? Или
“mocha”? А “frappuccino”?
В этой таблице вы найдете все основные
разновидности кофе, и в следующий раз, зайдя в Starbucks,
вы точно будете знать, что заказывать.
Хлебобулочные изделия
14. Sub
“Sub” это длинная булка или небольшой батон, которые
используются в ресторанах быстрого питания для сэндвичей.
Даже некоторые носители языка не догадываются, что слово
“sub” это сокращение от “submarine”, что означает «подводная
лодка», которую эта булка напоминает своей формой. Такие

24
булки в разных местах могут называться иначе, например: “wedge”, “hoagie”,
“hero”, “grinder”, но сути это не меняет.
15. Bun
“Bun” – это просто пресная булочка, обычно
плоская внизу и выпуклая сверху. Еще одно название
для таких булочек – “rolls”. Их используют для подачи
сэндвичей и гамбургеров.

16. Muffin
Слово «маффин» русский язык тоже позаимствовал.
Это порционный сладкий кекс. В некоторых ресторанах
маффины подают только на завтрак, а где-то их можно
купить в любое время. Отлично сочетается с кофе.

17. Scone
Скон – это британская булочка из несдобного теста,
слегка подслащенная. Сконы подают с маслом и джемом,
обычно к чаю.

18. Biscuit
С этим словом есть некоторая путаница. В Северной
Америке “biscuit” это примерно то же, что наш бисквит:
небольшой круглый рассыпчатый кекс, часто несладкий. В
Великобритании слово “biscuit” это сладкое твердое печенье,
которое в Америке называется “cookie”. Будьте осторожны, тут
легко запутаться и ошибиться.!
Закуски и прочее
19. Sides
Главное блюдо, которое вы заказали, называется “main
dish”. К нему иногда заказывают разные гарниры, закуски,
соленья, салаты и так далее. Все это называется словом “side
dishes” или “sides”.

20. Condiments

Часто к своим блюдам заведения фастфуда предлагают

взять “condiments”. Это слово означает «соусы и приправы».
Некоторые, особенно распространенные, вам хорошо
знакомы: ketchup (кетчуп), mustard (горчица), hot sauce
25
(острый соус), salt and pepper (соль и перец).

21. Dressing
Нет, это не про платья. “Dressing” это заправка для
салатов. У них бывают свои названия, например, “ranch
dressing” это йогурт, соль, чеснок, лук, горчица, травы и
специи.

22. French fries

Опять разница между британским и американским
словарем может вас запутать. Словом “French fries” в
Америке называют картошку-фри. В Великобритании то же
самое будет называться “potato chips”, или просто “chips”. В
то же самое время в США слово “chips” означает «чипсы», которые в
британцы называют “potato crisps”.
23. Hash browns
“Hash browns” это картофельные оладьи, которые
очень похожи на драники. Их делают из мелко
нарезанной или натертой картошка и лука и зажаривают
до коричневой корочки.

24. Onion rings

Луковые кольца во фритюре.

Мясо
25. Burger
“Burger” (бургер) это укороченное слово “hamburger”
(гамбургер) – рубленая мясная котлета. Если бургер
вегетарианский (такое бывает), котлета будет сделана из соевого
сыра тофу.
Обычно бургер подается внутри булки, там же будет
зеленый листовой салат, помидор и лук. Чаще всего для изготовления
бургеров используется говядина (beef). Из-за того что в слове “hamburger”
есть “ham”, некоторые думают, что он содержит ветчину, но это не так!
Вообще, гамбургеры бывают из почти любого мяса, в том числе из индейки
(turkey) и даже курицы (chicken).

26
26. Chicken nuggets
“Chicken nuggets” (наггетсы) это небольшие кусочки
куриной грудки, обжаренные в панировке. Вообще, слово
“nugget” означает «небольшой золотой слиток».

27. Sausage
Слово “sausage” имеет в английском более широкий
смысл и означает любые колбасные изделия. Обычно в
фастфуде их кладут в сэндвичи и разные тарелки для завтрака
(breakfast platter). Мясо, которое в них используется – свинина
(pork), реже индейка и курица.

28. Hot dog

Хот-дог (hot dog) – соска в длинной булке, с
кетчупом, горчицей и приправой на основе маринованных
овощей под названием «релиш» (relish).

29. Bacon
Бекон (bacon) подают обжаренным с утренними блюдами,
обычно с яичницей.

30. Angus beef

В некоторых ресторанах быстрого питания подают
стейки и гамбургеры из говядины породы ангус (Angus
beef). Эта говядина славится особым ароматом и
мягкостью, но она довольно дорогая, поэтому многие
рестораны смешивают ее с другими, более дешевыми
сортами говядины.

27
 Fast food
We all love hamburgers, fried fries, and various sauces. But everyone knows
that fast food is bad for health. At the same time, people do not want to give up
such tasty, but very harmful food. Probably the only advantage of such meal is that
it is quickly prepared and inexpensive.

The life of modern people proceeds at a fast pace, and often there is not
enough free time to eat. For such people, this is the only solution in such situations.
Therefore, fast food is very popular and such cafes are opened in different places.
Usually the menu consists of simple dishes: fried potatoes, salads, hamburgers,
cheeseburgers, milkshakes, various sauces. This food is dangerous to health. It
does not contain vitamins and nutrients. It includes dye and flavors. It has a lot of
fat and calories. The person is disturbed by the metabolism, which leads to obesity.

If you can not completely refuse fast food, you should be more particular
about products when choosing the menu. It is advisable to stop preference on
dietary dishes, vegetable salads with olive oil. Do not use spices, mayonnaise and
fatty sauces. It is very important to chew food thoroughly and never to drink
carbonated water. All these rules will help to fans of fast food to reduce the risk of
disease.

28
 Kitchen utensils
(кухонная утварь)
cupboard [ 'kʌbəd ] кухонный шкаф
cup [ kʌp ] чашка
glass [ glɑ:s ] стакан
plate [ pleit ] тарелка
saucepan [ 'sɔ:spən ] кастрюля
jug [ ʤʌg ] кувшин
dishwasher [ 'dɪʃ‚wɒʃər ] посудомоечная машина
fridge [ friʤ ] холодильник
kettle [ ketl ] чайник
knife [ naif ] нож
fork [ fɔ:k ] вилка
spoon [ spu:n ] ложка
blender [ 'blendər ] блендер
food processor [ fu:d 'prəʋsesər ] кухонный комбайн
grater [ 'greitə ] тёрка
frying pan [ fraiɪŋ pæn ] сковорода с ручкой
colander [ 'kʌləndər ] дуршлаг
lid [ lid ] крышка
rolling pin [ 'rəuliŋ pin ] скалка
coffee maker [ 'kɔfi 'meikə ] кофеварка
oven [ ʌvn ] духовка
ladle [ 'leidl ] половник, поварёшка
spatula [ 'spætʃələ ] лопатка
scoop [ sku:p ] черпак
dish [ diʃ ] блюдо
stuff [ 'stʌf ] вещи
pitcher [ 'piʧə ] кувшин
napkin [ 'næpkin ] салфетка
coffee pot [ 'kɔfi pɔt ] кофейник
teapot [ 'ti:pɒt ] чайник для заварки
saucer [ 'sɔ:sə ] блюдце
sugar bowl [ 'ʃugə bəul ] сахарница
butter dish [ 'bʌtə diʃ ] маслёнка
tin [ tin ] консервная банка
trowel [ 'trauəl ] кулинарная лопатка
tray [ trei ] поднос
thermos [ 'θə:mɔs ] термос
pot [ pɔt ] горшок, котелок, кастрюля
support [ sə'pɔ:t ] подставка
29
bottle [ bɔtl ] бутылка
bowl [ bəul ] миска, глубокая тарелка
jar [ ʤɑ: ] банка
coffeepot [ 'kɔfɪpɔt ] кофейник
baking sheet [ 'beikiŋ ʃi:t ] противень
corkscrew [ 'kɔ:rk‚skru: ] штопор
mug [ mʌg ] кружка
chopsticks [ 'tʃɒp‚stɪks ] палочки для еды
buffet [ 'bʌfit ] буфет
bin [ bin ] мусорная корзина
garlic press [ gɑ:lik pres ] чесночница, чеснокодавилка
skewer [ 'skjuə ] шампур
whisk [ wɪsk ] венчик, сбивалка
sieve [ siv ] сито, решето
brazier [ 'breizjə ] мангал
salad dish [ 'sæləd diʃ ] салатница
salt cellar [ sɔ:lt 'selə ] солонка
tableware [ 'teɪbəl‚weər ] посуда
pressure cooker [ 'preʃə 'kukə ] скороварка
coffee grinder [ 'kɔfi 'graində ] кофемолка
range hood [ reinʤ hud ] вытяжка, вытяжной шкаф
pepper pot [ 'pepə pɔt ] перечница
flatware [ 'flæt‚weər ] столовые приборы, мелкая посуда
herring-dish [ 'heriŋ-diʃ ] селёдочница
juice squeezer [ ʤu:s skwi:zer ] соковыжималка
nutcracker [ 'nʌt,krækə ] щипцы для орехов
tea strainer [ ti: ˈstrānər" ] ситечко
potato masher [ pə'teitəu 'mæʃə ] толкушка (для картофеля)
pepper mill [ 'pepə mil ] перцемолка, мельница для перца
pastry brush [ 'peistri brʌʃ ] кисточка для выпечки
breadbin [ breadbin ] хлебница
vegetable peeler [ 'veʤitəbl 'pi:lə ] овощечистка
tea cup [ ti: kʌp ] чашка, чайная кружка

30
 Marking on food
(маркировка на продуктах)
caffeine free [ˈkæfiːn friː]— не содержит кофеина (о газированной
ароматизированной воде)
decaf [ˈdiːkæf ]— без кофеина (о кофе)
diet [ˈdaɪət ]— не содержит сахара (о напитках)
fat free [fæt friː ]— обезжиренный (о молочных продуктах)
lean [liːn ]— низкокалорийный (о продуктах)
light [laɪt]— с низким содержанием алкоголя
low cholesterol [ləʊ kəˈlɛstəˌrɒl] — с низким содержанием холестерина
low fat [ləʊ fæt ]— нежирный (о молочных продуктах)
no preservatives [nəʊ prɪˈzɜːvətɪvz] — без консервантов

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 Method of preparation
(способ приготовления)

baked / fried [beɪkt / fraɪd]— жареный

boiled [boil]— отварной
braised / stewed [breɪzd / stjuːd ]— тушенный
broiled / roast [brɔɪld / rəʊst ]— приготовленный на гриле
mashed [maSH]— пюре
pickled [ˈpikəld]— маринованный
poached [pōCH]— слегка отваренный
smoked [smōk]— копченый
steamed [stēmd]— приготовленный на пару
stuffed / glazed [stʌft / gleɪzd ]— фаршированный / глазурованный

Reference words
to add [ æd ] – добавлять
to beat [ biːt ] – взбивать
to blend [ blend ] - смешивать, сочетать
to boil [bɔɪl ] - кипятить, варить, отварить
to break [ breɪk ] – ломать
to broil [ brɔɪl ] - жарить на огне
to carve [ carve ] – нарезать, отрезать
to chop[ chop] - резать на кусочки
to combine[ kəmˈbaɪn ] – соединять
to cook [ kʊk ] – готовить
to cover [ ˈkʌvə(r) ] - накрывать, покрывать
to crush [ krʌʃ ] - давить, дробить, толочь
to cut [ kt ] – резать, нарезать
to cut into strips[ kʌt ˈɪntə strɪp ] - нарезать соломкой
to decorate [ ˈdekəreɪt ] – украшать
to dice [ daɪs ] - нарезать кубиками
to empty [ ˈempti ] - опустошать, высыпать
to flip [ flɪp ] – переворачивать
to fry [ fraɪ ] - жарить
to grate [ ɡreɪt ] - тереть, натирать
to grease[ ɡriːs ] – смазывать
to grind[ ɡraɪnd ] – молоть
to heat [ hiːt ] - нагревать, разогревать
to knead[ niːd ] – месить
to melt[ melt ] – расплавлять
to mix [mɪks ] – смешивать
to peel [piːl ] - чистить кожуру
to plunge[ plʌndʒ ] – окунать, погружать
to pour [ tə pɔː(r) ] - лить, наливать
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to press [ pres ] - жать, давить
to put [ pʊt ] - класть, положить
to remove [rɪˈmuːv] - удалять, убирать
to rinse [ rɪˈmuːv ] – промывать
to roll out[ rəʊl aʊt ] – раскатывать
to sieve [ sɪv ] – просеивать
to stir [ stɜː(r) ] – размешивать
to wash [ wɒʃ ] – мыть, промывать

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 Types of eateries
(виды закусочных)
all-you-can-eat buffet [ɔːl-juː-kæn-iːt ˈbʌfɪt ]— буфет-закусочная, в
которой посетитель за фиксированную плату может есть досыта, без
ограничений (шведский стол)
buffet ['bufei]— буфет
cafe ['kæfei]— кафе
coffee shop [ˈkɒfi ʃɒp]— кафе, в котором подают, как правило, кофе и
десерты
deli ['deli]— (сокращение от delicatessen)
diner ['dainə]— недорогая закусочная, часто располагающаяся у
обочины дороги (более употребительно в американском английском)
drive-through / drive-thru / drive in [draɪv-θruː / draɪv-θruː / draɪv ɪn ]—
автомобильная закусочная, в которой посетители
делают и принимают заказ, не выходя из своего
автомобиля
hotdog stand [hotdog stænd]—
сосисочная
restaurant ['restərɔnt]— ресторан

Для заказа еды существует несколько

режимов:

 Buffet – «шведский стол» – закуски а-ля фуршет; блюда для шведского

стола (сервируются для самообслуживания, без ограничения набора и
количества, фиксированная цена заказа);
 A la carte – порционные блюда из меню, каждое со своей фиксированной
ценой, которые можно выбрать по отдельности;
 Table d’hôte – комплексный обед из нескольких блюд, предлагаемый по
фиксированной цене. ([,ta:bl'dout])

Разузнав всё про режим заказа в данном ресторане, открываем меню и

смотрим на имеющиесмя разделы (они могут варьироваться в зависимости
от направленности заведения, например, раздел «Pasta» в итальянских
ресторанах, поэтому сейчас мы рассмотрим наиболее общие):
 aperitif – аперитив (алкогольные напитки, которые пьют перед
едой);

34
  appetizers – закуски (еда, которую подают перед основным
блюдом);
 cold platter / hors d’oeuvre – холодные закуски (например, cold
cuts — мясная нарезка); [ɔ:'də:vrə]
 soup / the first course – первое блюдо, суп;
 entrée / the main course – основное, горячее блюдо;
 sweets / dessert – десерт;
 cheeseboard – «сырная тарелка»;
Ну, а теперь пришло время заглянуть в винную карту.
Начнём, пожалуй, с безалкогольных напитков (soft drinks), затем
познакомимся со слабоалкогольными (low-alcohol drinks) и
завершим крепкими (hard drinks/hot drinks/spirits). Безалкогольные
напитки могут быть газированными
(fizzy/sparkling) или негазированными (still). Среди алкогольных
существуют: вино (wine), которое может быть сладким (sweet),
полусладким (semi-sweet / demi-doux), полусухим (half-dry / demi-
sec) или сухим (dry), домашнее вино (house red / house white), шампанское
(champagne), ликер (liqueur), виски (whisky / whiskey по-американски),
коньяк (cognac), ром (rum), и различные коктейли (cocktails).

Фразы, которые нужно взять на вооружение именно вам, как

посетителю:

Я хотел бы сделать заказ. I’d like to make an order.

Я хотел бы поужинать. I would like to have dinner.
Я бы предпочел легкий завтрак. I would like a continental breakfast.
Я возьму то, что Вы посоветуете. I’ll have whatever you recommend.
Что бы Вы посоветовали? What would you recommend?
Какое в этом ресторане фирменное блюдо? What is the special of the house?
Меню, пожалуйста. Menu, please.
Можно попросить меню и карту вин, пожалуйста. May I have the menu and
the wine list, please?
Вы подаете вегетарианское меню? Do you serve vegetarian food?
У вас есть меню на английском? Is there an English menu?
Какой у вас сегодня суп? What kind of soup are you serving today?
Какой сегодня фирменный коктейль? What’s the cocktail of the day?
Я возьму то же самое. I’ll have the same thing.
Я возьму это. I’ll have this.
Сколько времени это займет? How long will it take?

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Яичницу (омлет). Scrambled eggs.
Я возьму только бутерброд с ветчиной. I’ll just have a ham sandwich.
Бифштекс с жареным картофелем. I’ll have a T-bone steak with fried
potatoes.
Вам картофель жареный, запеченный или пюре? Would you like fried, baked
or mashed potatoes?
Средне пожаренный, пожалуйста. Medium rare, please.
Хорошо пожаренный, пожалуйста. Well — done, please.
Карту вин, пожалуйста. Please show me the wine list.
Какие вина у вас есть? What kind of wine do you have?
Я бы хотел бутылку белого вина. I would like a bottle of white wine.
Сколько стоит целая бутылка? How much is a whole bottle?
Сколько стоит один бокал? How much is a glass?
Я бы хотел чашку кофе (чая) I would like a cup of coffee (tea).
Можно попросить стакан воды? May I have a glass of water?
Блинчики и молочный коктейль, пожалуйста. Pancakes and a milk shake,
please.

Фразы, которые вы можете услышать от вашего официанта:

Проходите сюда, пожалуйста. This way,

please.
Что будете заказывать? May I take your
order?
Какой напиток Вы предпочитаете перед
обедом? What drink would you like before
dinner?
Как вам приготовить? How would you like
it?
Апельсиновый или томатный сок? Orange
juice or tomato juice?
Как на счет чего-нибудь на десерт? Would
you like a dessert?
Это за счет заведения. That’s on the house.

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 Exercises
1. Упражнение. Какое слово зашифровано. Напишите слово и
укажите, фрукт это или овощ.

НАПРИМЕР:

L-A-W-E-T-R-O-M-E-N = WATERMELON = FRUIT

1. N-A-B-A-N-A = _______________=____________
2. G-O-R-A-N-E = _______________=____________
3. P-A-L-P-E = _______________=____________
4. O-P-A-T-O-T = _______________=____________
5. R-O-C-T-R-A= _______________=____________
6. M-O-N-E-L= _______________=____________

2. Упражнение. Угадайте, что это.

1. It’s brown and hairy. ____________________________________________

2. It’s yellow and sour. ____________________________________________
3. A monkey’s favorite food________________________________________
4. Green on the outside, red on the inside______________________________

3. Упражнение. Прочитайте текст, выполните задания по тексту.

SAM, THE BEAR
Sam, the bear, loves fruits. He likes bananas, peaches, cherries, oranges and
strawberries.
On Monday he is hungry. Sam eats 30 peaches. "Yummy, peaches are wonderful,"
he says.
On Tuesday he is very hungry. He eats 60 cherries, 25 strawberries and 30
bananas.
On Wednesday Sam eats 40 oranges. He doesn't eat peaches on Wednesday.
What does Sam eat on Thursday? Sam hates apples, but he doesn't have any
bananas or peaches or strawberries. So Sam eats 25 apples on Thursday.
On Friday Sam is not hungry. Sam has a stomachache.
1. True or false?
a) Sam loves meat.
b) On Monday he eats grapes.
c) He thinks peaches are wonderful.
d) Sam eats 60 bananas.
e) Sam hates apples.

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 Recipe
Write a recipe. (Напишите рецепт приготовления блюда).

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 Okroshka
Ingredients:

 potatoes – 0.5 kilogramms;

 boiled meat or sausage – 300 grammes;
 chicken eggs – 5 pieces;
 radish – 200 grammes;
 fresh cucumber – 200 grammes;
 spring onions – 1 bunch;
 bread kvass – 1.5 litres;
 sour cream;
 salt.

Method of preparation

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39
 Omelet with cheese and greens
Ingredients:

 egg – 2 pieces;
 milk – 125 ml;
 hard cheese – 50 grammes;
 greens;
 salt;
 butter – 20 grammes.

Method of preparation

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40
 Salad "Herring under a fur coat"
Ingredients:

 beets – 2 pieces;
 carrots – 2 pieces;
 potatoes – 2 pieces;
 mayonnaise;
 herring fillet – 300 grams or 2-3 pieces;
 onions – 1 head.

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41
 Cupcake
Ingredients:

 wheat flour (200 grams);

 high fat sour cream (200 grams);
 chicken eggs (3 pieces);
 sugar (1 Cup);
 vanilla (4 grams);
 baking powder (2 teaspoons);
 margarine or butter (100 grams);
 dried fruits and nuts.
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 Pilaf
Ingredients:

 pork (500 grams);

 carrots (2 pieces);
 onions (2-3 pieces);
 rice (1.5 cups);
 turmeric (1 tea spoon);
 Bay leaf;
 salt;
 vegetable oil;
 pepper;
 coriander;
 garlic (3 cloves).
Method of preparation

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 Charlotte
Ingredients:

 wheat flour – 200 grams or 1 Cup;

 egg – 5 pieces;
 lemon zest;
 butter – 200 grams or 1 packet;
 sugar – 200 grams or 1 Cup;
 baking powder – half teaspoon;
 vanillin;
 apples – 3 pieces;
 sugar powder.

Method of preparation

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 Cottage cheese pancakes
Ingredients:

 low fat cottage cheese (300 grams);

 chicken eggs (2 pieces);
 flour (1 tablespoon);
 semolina (2-3 tablespoons);
 sugar (50-60 grams);
 sour cream (3 tablespoons);
 a pinch of salt;
 vegetable oil.

Method of preparation

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 Russian Roast
Ingredients:

 pork – 500 grams;

 onions – 3 heads;
 potatoes – 1.5 kg;
 hard cheese – 300 grams;
 milk – 50 grams;
 mayonnaise – 150 grams;
 sour cream – 150 grams;
 butter – 100 grams;
 salt;
 pepper;
 Bay leaf;
 the greens.
Method of preparation

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 Pizza Recipe

INGREDIENTS

 1 cup warm water

 1 tablespoon dry yeast
 1/2 tablespoon honey
 2 tablespoons olive oil
 3 cups flour
 1 teaspoon salt
 1.5 cups tomato paste
 1 garlic clove
 250g mozzarella cheese
 6 slices ham
 1 tomato
 1 red onion
 6 mushrooms
 6 black olives
Method of preparation

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 Salad Recipe "Caesar"
Ingredients:

 green salad – 1 bunch;

 chicken – 300 grams;
 tomato – 1 piece;
 Parmesan cheese – 200 grams;
 garlic – 1 clove;
 white bread – 4 slices;
 butter – 50 grams;
 salt.

Method of preparation

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 Pancakes Recipe
Ingredients :
 1 egg, plus 2 extra egg whites

 300 ml warm milk

 10 g sugar

 10 g yeast

 225 g flour

 vegetable oil for frying

 butter for greasing blini

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 Pancake Recipe

NGREDIENTS

 2 eggs
 2 glasses milk
 2,5 glasses flour
 3 tablespoons oil
 0.5-1 glass boiling water
 3 tablespoons sugar
 0.5 teaspoon baking soda
 0.5 teaspoon salt

Method of preparation

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 Soup

Ingredients:
 pork (400 grams) свинина
 rice (0.5 cups)
 potatoes (4-5 pieces)
 carrots (Stuka)
 onion (1 piece)
 bell pepper (Stuka)
 tomato paste (10 grams or 1 tablespoon)
 vegetable oil (растительное масло)
 salt
 pepper

Method of preparation
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51
 Borsch

Ingredients:
 beef - 300 g
 beet - 300 g (свекла)
 white cabbage - 400 g
 potatoes - 500 g
 carrots - 100 g
 root parsley - 2 PCs. (корень петрушки)
 onions - 2 heads
 garlic - 3 cloves (чеснок)
 clarified butter - 2 tbsp. Spoon (масло топленное)
 fat - 50 g (жир)
 sweet pepper - 1 PC.
 Bay leaf - 1 PC. (лавровый лист)
 sour cream - 150 g (сметана)
 parsley and dill (петрушка укроп)
 ground black pepper, salt to taste(по вкусу)

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52
 Ear of red fish
Ingredients
 red fish (ridges, head, tail)
 salt-to taste
 peppers
 a mixture of vegetables (Mexican)
 dill

Method of preparation
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53
 Ratatouille
Ingredients
 fresh tomatoes-1 kg
 eggplant-2-3 PCs.
 zucchini - 1 or 2 PCs.
 Bulgarian pepper - 3 PCs.
 onion heads — 1 PC.
 garlic-2-3 cloves
 salt, spices and ground pepper, Provencal herbs
 vegetable or olive oil - 2 tbsp
Method of preparation

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54
 Cottage cheese casserole with semolina
Ingredients
 40g Vanilla sugar Dr. Oetker
 600 g cottage Cheese
 0.5 Cup Semolina
 1.5 Cup Milk
 70g Butter
 4 PCs Chicken egg
 80g Sugar
 Raisin
 1 Cup Flour
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 Baked mushrooms with cheese in the oven whole
Ingredients
 Mushrooms-400 gr.
 Mayonnaise-150 gr.
 Cheese-200 gr.
 Salt to taste)
 Pepper black. Mole. – pinch

Method of preparation

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56
 Unit 1

Food.

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст, используя слова после текста.

I usually have four meals a day. In the morning I have breakfast. At school I
have lunch. At home I have dinner and in the evening I have supper. Besides, I like
to eat an apple or a banana, or to drink a glass of juice between meals, if I'm
thirsty. Yesterday I got up at 7 o'clock, washed, cleaned teeth and dressed. Then I
had breakfast. I had mashed potatoes with meat, a cheese sandwich and a cup of
tea for breakfast. At school we had a pie and a glass of orange juice. I'm always
hungry when I come home after school.

Yesterday my mother cooked cabbage soup' roast chicken and rice, made
pudding and tea. It was so tasty' I ate everything with pleasure. For supper we had
pancakes with jam and sour cream. These are my favourite things.

My mother thinks that one apple a day keeps the doctor away. That’s why
she buys fruit and vegetables every day. Yesterday she bought oranges and kiwi. I
have a sweet tooth and my parents often buy me ice-cream, sweets, chocolate,
cakes, cookies and other tasty things. I like them very much.

Vocabulary

be hungry - быть голодным

be thirsty - хотеть пить
besides - кроме того, помимо
between - между
different - различный
favourite - любимый
have a sweet tooth – быть сластёной
have breakfast - завтракать
have dinner - обедать
have lunch - завтракать(второй завтрак)
have supper - ужинать
mashed potatoes – пюре картофельное
meal – принятие пищи, еда
pancake - блин, оладья
roast - жареный
sour cream - сметана
tasty – вкусный

2. Вставьте пропущенные слова.

57
 1. I usually have .... a day.
2. ...I like to eat an apple or a banana or to drink a glass of juice ... meals, if
I'm ... .
3. I'm always ... when I come home after school.
4. For supper we had ... with jam and …. .

3. Согласитесь или исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. In the morning I have supper.

2. I had mashed potatoes with meat, a hamburger and a cup of tea for
breakfast.
3. Yesterday my mother cooked cabbage soup, roast chicken and rice and
made pudding and tea.
4. My mother thinks that a potato a day keeps the driver away.

4. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Я обычно кушаю три раза в день.

2. Кроме того, я люблю съесть яблоко, банан или выпить стакан сока,
если я хочу пить.
3. В колледже нам давали стакан апельсинового сока и пирожное.
4. Я сластёна.
5. Кушай по яблоку в день и доктор не понадобится.

5. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. How many meals a day do you have?

2. Where and when do you have breakfast (lunch, dinner, supper)?
3. What did you have for breakfast (lunch, dinner, supper) yesterday?
4. What do you like to eat when you are hungry?
5. What do you like to drink when you are thirsty?
6. Do you like fruit and vegetables? Why?
7. Do you have a sweet tooth? What do you like to eat?

6. Укажите соответствие.

1) 1. sweets a. pastry
2.cake b. ice-cream
c. dessert
d. candy

2) 1. dish a. style of cooking

2.cuisine b. snack
c. meal

58
 d. course

3) 1. entree a. main dish

2. side dish b. garnish
c. spice
d. salad

4) 1. snack a. nourishing food

2.substantial meal b. tasteful food
c. delicious meal
d. light meal (quick)

5) 1.cabbage a. fruit
2. veal b. vegetable
c. meat
d. fish

6) 1. hard-boiled eggs a. breakfast

2.fish in aspic b. dessert
c. dinner
d. side dish

59
 Unit 2

My meals

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

It goes without saying that I prefer to have meals at home. At the weekend I
like to get up late and have a good breakfast of scrambled eggs, or pancakes, or
something like that. But on weekdays I'm always short of time in the morning. So I
just have a cup of strong tea or coffee and a couple of sandwiches.

As I spend a lot of time at school (usually eight or nine hours) it's necessary
to have a snack at midday just to keep me going. That's why I have to go to the
school canteen to have lunch. Our school canteen leaves much to be desired. It has
become a tradition with our canteen to serve chops and watery mashed potatoes
every day with a glass of cocoa or stewed fruit.

But I enjoy my evening meal at home. My mother is a wonderful cook and

her dinners are always delicious and various.

To begin with, we usually have some salad — tomato and cucumber salad or
mixed salad (I like it very much). For the first course we have some soup —
noodle, mushroom or cabbage soup, or maybe some fish soup for a change. For the
main course we have meat, chicken or fish dishes, for example, steak or fried fish
with spaghetti or potatoes (boiled or fried). We also have a lot of vegetables —
green peas, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers. I prefer meat to fish but my mother
makes me eat fish from time to time. She says it's good for my brains.

For dessert we have some fruit, fruit juice or just a cup of tea with a slice of
cake.
On Sundays we sometimes go to McDonald's. I like everything there:
cheeseburgers, hamburgers and Big Macs, apple pies and fruit cocktails. But
unfortunately we can't afford to go there very often, because it's rather expensive
for a family and besides, they say it's not very healthy to eat at McDonald's.

Vocabulary

it goes without saying - и без слов понятно

scrambled eggs - яичница болтунья
short of time - мало времени ( нехватка времени)
couple - пара
sandwich - бутерброд
to have a snack - закусить, перекусить

2. Ответьте на вопросы письменно.

60
 1 How many meals a day do you usually have?
2. What do you usually have for breakfast?
3. Where do you have lunch (dinner)?
4. How many courses does your lunch (dinner) usually consist of?
5. What is your favourite dish?
6. What vegetables do you like?
7. What do you usually have for dessert?
8. How often do you eat out?
9. Have you ever eaten at McDonald's?
10. Some people say that eating at a restaurant is a waste of money. Do you
agree?
11. Can you cook?

3. Вставьте артикль a/ an , где необходимо, или напишите no

change, где артикль не нужен.

1 Joanna eats apple every morning. ...an apple ...

2 Peter doesn't like milk in his tea. NO CHANGE..
3 Katie rarely has biscuit with her coffee………………………………………...
4 George normally eats meat for dinner. …………………………………………
5 Brian usually has omelette for lunch. …………………………………………..
6 Margaret never drinks beer. …………………………………………………….
7 Robin occasionally puts butter on his potatoes………………………………….

4. Джеин пытается похудеть, поэтому каждый день записывает

своё меню. Вставьте артикль a / an , только в малокалорийных
продуктах.

Breakfast – cornflakes, pork chop, juice, porridge, milk, salad, cheese, cup
of black coffee, cake, mashed potatoes.
Lunch – soup, chicken broth, ham, vegetable salad, boiled beef, mineral
water, beer, cauliflower, cabbage, bread, dry bread.
Dinner – lobster, fish, potatoes, omelette, turkey, glass of milk, meat salad,
fruit salad. tea, veal, steak, green peas, fried pork, spaghetti.

5. Обсуди своё меню на обед со своим другом.

a. if you are going to dine alone

b. if you invite your group-mates for this dinner.

6. Укажите правильный ответ.

1. After а hard working day I came home and was as hungry as a ….. .
a. wolf b. hunter c. lion d. bird
61
 2.We wanted to have a snack and went to the cafe but unfortunately it was
….. .
a. full b. free c. packed d. crowded

3. Peter doesn`t like juice, he prefers steward fruit for ……. .

a. dinner b. breakfast c. lunch d. supper

4. You should know that soup is eaten with a …… .

a. knife b. napkin c. fork d. spoon

5.……….. is a green, red or yellow fruit, which is very useful for our health.
a. apple b. orange c. pine apple d. strawberry

6. During the party in the restaurant we were served by polite …… .

a. servants b.waitresses c. managers d. maids

7. During the whole summer bees produce very useful …….. .

a. sugar b. honey c. sweets d.cakes

8. They say hunger is the best …… .

a. friend b. sauce c. food d. Snack

7. Запишите и выучите новые слова и выражения.

1. Milk, Milk Products and Dishes

baked milk - топленое молоко
yoghurt кефир (по-славянски)
whipped cream взбитые сливки
baked pudding of curds запеканка из творога

2. Eggs and Egg Dishes

a soft-boiled egg яйцо всмятку
a hard-boiled egg яйцо вкрутую
a well-boiled egg яйцо (в мешочек)
scrambled eggs яичница-болтунья
eggs up Br.E, sun-like eggs Am.E яичница-глазунья
bacon and eggs яичница с беконом
sausage and eggs яичница с колбасой
ham and eggs яичница с ветчиной
a cheese omelette омлет с сыром
an onion omelette омлет с луком
a tomato omelette омлет с помидорами
eggs stuffed caviar яйца, фаршированные икрой
an egg salad салат из яиц
62
3. Rolls and Buns
brown bread Br.E, black bread Am.E. чёрный хлеб
rye bread ржаной хлеб
whole meal bread пеклеванный хлеб
white bread белый хлеб
wheat [wi:t] bread пшеничный хлеб
a roll [roul] булочка
a bun сдоба, сдобная булочка
a cream bun булочка с кремом
a pie пирог
a patty пирожок
a tart открытый пирог с фруктами, ягодами или
вареньем; фруктовое пирожное; торт
a Swiss roll бисквитный рулет
a beef-roll, a meat-loaf рулет с мясом
a jam puff слоеный пирожок с повидлом
an Easter cake кулич
pastry ['peistri] кондитерские изделия;печенье; пирожные, торты и т.д.
a cake пряник, кекс
a honey-cake медовый пряник
a dumpling пончик
a pastry-cake, a fancy-cake пирожное
a shortcake песочное пирожное
a sponge-cake бисквитное пирожное
a cup-cake пирожное (корзиночка)
a layer-cake слоеное пирожное
an almond-cake миндальное пирожное
eclair эклер

63
 Unit 3

Lunch

1. Прочитайте диалог, соблюдая интонацию. Переведите.

Frank: In English a meal that you eat in the middle of the day is named as
lunch.
Jane: Everyone knows that. And how do you call your lunch if it is for
business purposes?
Frank: You may have a business lunch, may be in a restaurant where people
have lunch together and discuss business matters.
Jane: I know that sometimes people just have a packed lunch, or, in other
words, some cold food, such as sandwiches, fruit, coffee, etc. You can have a
packed lunch. It may be also called dry rations. Do you know that, Frank?
Frank: Yes, I do.
Jane: Usually one hour off is given to a person for lunch!
Frank: In other words, a lunch may be a light and quick meal in a cafe or in
some other place. So you go out for lunch, you may, for example, go to a
restaurant to eat.
Jane: Are there any fixed word combinations to describe situations with the
word lunch?
Frank: Yes, there are. They are known as collocations.
Jane: Can you give an example?
Frank: Some of them are as follows
- you have/eat lunch every day.
- You may think in advance what you may have for lunch.
- People go out for lunch at a certain time
Some people like to take smb out to lunch.
Jane: Well, now I know quite well all the expressions with the word
“lunch”.

Vocabulary

dry rations - сухой паёк

one hour off is given – отводить час времени на обед
quick and light meal – лёгкий перекус

2. Прочитайте текст, выберите подходящее слово в скобках.

Salty fillings

The British Sandwich Association was (dramatical / critical / indecisive) of

the findings.

64
 "Sandwiches (involve / take / consist ) the assembly of ingredients," said Jim
Winship, director of the organization.
"The fact is that the salt is already in the ingredients – e.g. bacon or ham – so
if consumers (sell / choose / give) a sandwich containing these they are bound to
have a higher salt content."

But he stressed that on average, the sandwiches surveyed had 2 g of salt – or

a third of the (given / offered / recommended ) daily intake – and that these levels
were not unreasonable.

Cash admitted that, given a sandwich was often the main (point / thing /
constituent ) of one of three meals in the day, containing a third of the
recommended daily intake of salt was not necessarily a problem.

"But it (does / is / has) often combined with other things," says Jo Butten,
the group's nutritionist. "Once you have had a packet of crisps with your sandwich
and finished off with some biscuits, you may well have gone over your (limit /
point / taste)".

3. Запишите и выучите новые слова.

to cook готовить (пищу)

to boil кипятить; кипеть; отваривать
to fry жарить (на масле)
to roast жарить (мясо, дичь, птицу)
to grill жарить (на гриле)
to spit жарить (на вертеле)
to stew тушить
to tin, to can консервировать
to smoke коптить (рыбу и т.д.)
to salt солить
to dry сушить
to bake печь, выпекать
to taste пробовать (на вкус)
to wash up мыть посуду

scant скудный, ограниченный, малый

sandwich бутерброд
to care for нравиться
fried eggs яичница
substantial плотный (о еде)
curd pancakes сырники
patty пирожок
omelette омлет
gem пресная сдобная булочка
65
 hard-smoked сырокопченая (колбаса)
soft caviar черная икра;
fresh caviar зернистая икра
cold-smoked холодного копчения
hot-smoked горячего копчения
varied разнообразный
bacon and eggs яичница с беконом
mashed potatoes картофельное пюре
fried mushrooms жареные грибы
baked beans запеченные бобы
black pudding ['pudiŋ] кровяная колбаса
hash browns поджаренное, мелко нарезанное
мясо с овощами
toasts тосты, поджаренные хлебцы
to prefer предпочитать
croissant [krui'sam] Fr. рожок, сдобная булочка

3. Ответьте на вопросы письменно.

l. What do "you have for breakfast on week-days? Is your breakfast scant or

substantial?
2. What do you have for breakfast on your days out?
3. What does Kate recommend her guests for breakfast?
4. What does British breakfast consist of? Is it scant or substantial?
5. Tell us about continental breakfast.
6. Tell us about a good Russian breakfast.

4. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами (см.

приведенные ниже слова).

1. This morning my breakfast is ... because I have very little time. 2.

Sometimes I eat ..., bread and butter and drink a cup of ... or ... . 3. On my days out
my breakfast is ... . 4.I prefer ... tea. 5. We serve our guests ... . 6. Do you like ...
sandwiches? 7.1 don't care for ... tea. I prefer it ... . 8.1 don't eat ... bread. I like ...
bread. 9. Peter eats ... apples. He doesn't care for ... apples.

scant, ham and cheese, fried eggs, strong freshly-made, substantial, coffee,
cocoa, weak, strong, fresh, stale, sour,sweet, quickly.

5. Переведите следующие словосочетания.

Приготовленный завтрак, копченая колбаса, яичница-болтунья,

жареное мясо, кипяченое молоко, отварное мясо, сушеная черная смородина,
поданная еда, выпечные пироги, копченая осетрина, соленая осетрина.

66
 Unit 4

Tastes differ

1. Прочитайте , переведите и перескажите текст. Ответьте на

вопрос письменно.

Tastes differ. It concerns food in the first place. A Frenchman will eat a fried
frog with pleasure but a Russian would choose something different. Pigs are not
eaten in Moslem countries though Europeans are fond of pork. A sandwich of raw
meat is a delicacy for a German while in other countries it is not served. One may
give many other facts to illustrate the above saying. What explanations can you
give to these customs?

2. Ответьте на вопросы по образцу.

Образец: Have you had any vegetables? (fruit)- I haven't had any
vegetables. I have just had some fruit.

1. Has he had any beans? (peas)

2. Have they had any coffee? (tea)
3. Have you had any apples? (peaches)
4. Have I had any cabbage? (lettuce)
5. Have you had any beer? (wine)
6. Has he had any lamb? (beef)
7. Have they had any tea? (milk)
8. Has she had any meat? (vegetables)
9. Have you had any chicken? (steak)

3. Согласитесь или опровергните следующие утверждения.

l. Sandwich is a hot meal which we eat at dinner for the first course.
2. We have lunch in the evening before going to bed.
3. Englishmen usually do not have porridge in the morning.
4. Doctors usually recommend people to have heavy supper.
5. If you want to reduce your weight (to become slim) you must eat a lot of
bread.
6. Tarts and cakes and fruit are usually served at the beginning of a meal.

4. Прочитайте текст, ответьте письменно на вопросы после него.

National food

English language has a number of “national '' expressions. Many of them are
to do with food.
67
 A Scotch egg, for example, is a hard-boiled egg in sausage meat, eaten cold
or hot. Scotch broth is a thick soup with beef and barley. Irish stew is made from
meat, onion and potatoes. Welsh rarebit pronounced “rabbit” is melted cheese on
hot toast. A Spanish omelette is an omelette containing tomatoes, onions, and
potatoes. Russian salad is a salad of cold, cooked vegetables made with Russian
dressing which has a sharp taste. Russian tea is tea with lemon instead of milk.

1. What English expressions about food do you know?

2. What is Irish stew?
4. What is the most popular meal in the USA?
5. Can you cook any national dish? Could you give the recipe?

5. Прочитайте письмо о китайской еде. Выполните просьбу

китайского друга.

Dear friend,

You asked me to tell you what we eat and drink here in China. Well, for
breakfast I usually have green tea and rice porridge.
For lunch I have rice and vegetables and more tea, and for dinner I have rice
again, usually with some pork or chicken, I usually drink tea-again! And we finish
the meal with some soup. 0n special occasions we have duck or fish for dinner – I
like duck, but I don't like fish very much-and in the summer we often eat fruit, like
mangoes or peaches or melons. I love mangoes! At Chine’s New Year we have my
favourite meal dumplings?!
Please write and tell me about food in your country,

Song Lin.

6. Переведите на русский язык.

l. What can I do for you? 2. Breakfast for two, please. 3.What would you
like for breakfast? 4. Here is the menu. Make your choice, please. 5. Today we've
got a big choice of milk products and dishes. 6. Would you like ice-cream or
whipped cream? 7. Strawberry jam is delicious. 8. I'd rather have curd pancakes
and a meat patty. 9. How much do I pay?-Five roubles. 10.1 don't care for boiled
milk. 11. Will you bring us something substantial to your taste? 12. I'm very much
in a hurry. 13. I'll serve you in no time. 14. Would you like cranberry jam? - With
great pleasure. 15. Can I have an open curd tart for tea? 16. What's the bill?

68
 Unit 5

English food

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Сделайте краткий конспект

текста. Составьте план для пересказа.

English food is full of dishes that have strange names and wonderful
flavours. Though the current national dish is currently considered to be Chicken
Tikka Masala, there is much famous, more traditional fare to be enjoyed. All
through the day, you can tickle your taste buds with things like bubble and squeak,
kedgeree, a Cornish pasty, or a Devon scone. The food is complimented by the
pleasant teas, ales, and ciders specific to the nation of England as well. Whether
you prefer Edwardian culinary delights, Victorian tasty treats, or more
contemporary fare, you can explore the local cuisine all over the countryside and in
the city as well.

Start your day off with a Full English breakfast, a substantial start to the day.
Traditional components to this traditional hearty breakfast are fried eggs, fried
toast, mushrooms, grilled tomatoes, bangers (links of pork
sausage fried up in a skillet, sometimes exploding with a
bang), rashers of bacon, and baked beans. Some add black
(blood) pudding or white pudding to the plate. Add a pot
of tea to the table and you have a spread worthy of
lingering at the table on a lazy weekend. If you are more
inclined to a simpler, but still filling meal to jumpstart the day, traditional English
porridge will hit the spot. Devilled kidneys on toast were once the breakfast food
of choice. Brunches often include kedgeree, a curried rice, haddock, and egg
concoction.

If you can think about lunch after that filling breakfast, you might try a
traditional sandwich like roast beef and horseradish or egg and watercress. Cornish
pasties are pastries filled with savoury meat and potatoes are crimped closed and
cooked to make them portable pies, perfect for a picnic lunch. Fish and chips are
also a traditional take-away English food. Grab some from a fish and chips stand
and keep on going, or sit back and relax while you enjoy this deliciously fried treat.
Hang out at a pub for steak and ale pie, Ploughman's, or smoked salmon.

Afternoon tea is perhaps the most famous eating tradition in England. People
around the world associate the nation with this repast. It starts with crustless,
dainty sandwiches, moves to cakes and scones, and is rounded off by petit fours.
All along the way you drink delicious English teas. English food for afternoon tea
is rich and indulgent, even though it was originally invented as an afternoon pick-
me-up. No matter the time of day, traditional English delights can please your
palate.
69
 Unit 6

A Brief Introduction to British food.

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Mealtimes:

In many European countries it is normal to have a long break in the middle

of the day when all members of the family return to their houses to eat together.
This is not very common in Britain because normally it is a long way from the
place of work or school to the home. Consequently the British people tend to have
a big breakfast before they go to work and the meal at midday is not spent with the
members of the family but with workmates or schoolmates. Lunch is normally
eaten between 12.30 pm and 1.30pm. Most people finish work at five thirty. It
often takes at least an hour to get home from the school or workplace so people
tend to eat their evening meal or "dinner" between 6.30pm and 8pm.

On Sundays people don't have to work so they take the opportunity eat
together with their family. Sunday lunch is usually the best meal of the week and
many of the meals which are considered typically British are eaten for Sunday
lunch. For example, roast beef and yorkshire pudding.

This is a typical British family eating together on Sunday.

After lunch the father will smoke his pipe and read the newspaper sitting on
his favourite armchair
while his wife washes the dishes. The children will play traditional English
games such
as hopscotch, skipping or doctors and nurses.

Although everyone in Britain understands that "breakfast" is the first meal of

the day. There is a lot of confusion about the words for other meals such
as "dinner, lunch, tea, high tea , elevenses, brunch, supper" and if you ask a British
person what these words mean, most of them will give you a different answer
according to what part of the country they are from or from what social class they
are from. Another example of this is the pronunciation of the word "scones" ( a
type of cake eaten with Devonshire clotted cream, strawberry jam and cups of tea,
known as a "cream tea")
70
 Breakfast.

Generally speaking the British breakfast is much bigger than in most other
countries. Many people like to have a fried breakfast which can consist of fried
bacon and eggs with fried bread and possibly fried tomatoes or black pudding. Of
course not everybody wants to eat a lot early in the morning and many people
prefer to just eat toast and marmalade with tea or coffee. Cereals are also very
popular. The most common is cornflakes. They are made with different grains such
as corn, wheat, oats etc. If you go to a Britsh supermarket you will see that there
are many types of cereals available. In Scotland many people eat "porridge" or
boiled oats. Porridge is very heavy but in the winter it will keep you warm on your
way to school.

Lunch

If you go to Britain to study English and you stay with a family you will
almost certainly be given a "packed lunch" to eat for your midday meal. Some
factories and schools have canteens where you can eat but the packed lunch is the
most common thing to eat. A packed lunch normally consist of some sandwiches, a
packet of crisps, an apple and a can of something to drink, for example, coca-cola.
The contents are kept in a plastic container and you take it with you when you go
to school or work. The quality of the packed lunch can vary from terrible to very
good, it all depends on who makes it.

Dinner

Things are changing and most British people eat meals from many different
countries for example spagetti or curry. In fact you could even say that the British
don't eat much British food. However the most typical thing to eat for dinner is
"meat and two veg". This consists of a piece of meat accompanied by two different
boiled vegetables. This is covered with "gravy" which is a sauce made with the
juice that was obtained when the meat was cooked. One of the vegetables is almost
always potatoes. The British eat a lot of potatoes.

Vocabulary:

meal — еда
cereal — овсянка, кукурузные хлопья
to prepare — готовить
to consist — состоять
light — легкий
lamb — баранина
to tend – иметь тенденцию, склонность
according to – в соответствии с
fried – жареный
possibly – возможно
71
 strawberry – клубника
cornflakes – кукурузные хлопья
available – всевозможные
canteens – столовые
crisps – чипсы
The contents – содержимое
quality – качество
to depend – зависеть от
curry – блюдо, приправленное карри
accompanied – сопровождаемый
gravy – соус, подливка мясная
obtained – полученный

2. ответьте письменно на вопросы.

1. How many meals a day do English people have?
2. What did they use to eat for breakfast?
3. What do they usually eat nowadays?
4. Is lunch a large meal?
5. Where do English people eat lunch?
6. What dishes are served for dinner?
7. What is the most important meal of the week?
8. Is British afternoon tea still popular?

3. Прочитайте информацию, переведите, и сделайте заметки в тетради.

Glossary of typical English food.

Baked Beans

Baked beans are beans cooked in a tomato sauce. They

come in cans and are normally eaten on toast. The British are
very fond of baked beans.

Bangers and Mash. This is mashed potatoes with sausages.

Black Pudding. A thick sausage made with blood and fat.

Yorkshire pudding. A batter made with flour, eggs and milk and cooked in
the oven. This is most often eaten with roast beef for Sunday lunch. (Batter is the
same mixture that is used to make pancakes)

A Ploughman's Lunch. This is a very popular thing to eat if you go to eat in

a "pub" at midday. It normally consists of a bread roll with a piece of cheese and a
pickled onion. By the way there are many very good pickles that you can buy at the
supermarket for example "branston pickle". Branston Pickle is not sold in any
other countries but it is the perfect companion to cheese. (I always buy a jar when I
72
go to England) British cheeses are very good. The most famous is Cheddar. Most
of the cheeses are named after the region from where they come from eg. Red
Leicester, Cheshire etc. There is a very good British blue cheese called Stilton
although it can be rather expensive.

Haggis. This is only normally eaten in Scotland. It is sheep's intestine

stuffed with meat and vegetables.

The Fish and Chip shop. You will almost certainly go to a fish and chip
shop when you visit Britain. It is a shop which cooks fried potatoes called chips.
They are usually accompanied by fish, pies, mushy peas, etc. The chips used to be
wrapped in newspaper but now white paper is used. They often ask if you want salt
and vinegar to be sprinkled over your chips. Be careful because sometimes they
give you too much!

Pie. A pie is some food surrounded by pastry (pastry is a mixture of flour

and butter). It is normally baked in the oven. The content of the pie can be sweet or
savory. Typical examples of pies are "steak and kidney pie" or "apple pie". There
are variations of the pie such as Cornish pasties. Pasties were originally invented
so that working men could take their food to work with them. Someone told me
that miners in the Cornish tin mines invented the Cornish pasties. I suppose that if
you work in a mine it is too much trouble to come to the surface to have lunch.

Bread and Butter. When the British eat bread they almost always cover it
with butter or margarine. It is very common to see a plate of bread and butter on
table when you eat. You can use it to soak up the gravy or juices left on your plate.

British Bread. British bread is very good and if you go to the baker there
are many different types of bread to choose from. However, although the bread is
very good, the most popular type of bread in Britain is sliced white bread. This is
sold in plastic packets and is not half as good as the bread which you must cut
yourself.

Baked beans – тушёная фасоль

73
 Unit 7
Russian cuisine

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст, используя слова после текста.

There have always been two types of Russian cuisine - on the one hand, the
aristocratic, rich style, and on the other hand – a peasant, simple, everyday style.
Russian people loved chicken (turkey emerged at the beginning of the 17th
century). Veal was not eaten. Russian kitchens only boiled, steamed or simmered
food. Food was never heated in fat (butter).

During the times of the Rus, many different kinds of bread, cakes and pirogs
were baked and filled with things which were in the house, farm, garden, field, or
forest: chicken, vegetables, peas and beans, fruit, berries or mushrooms. The rivers
were full of fish, so
Pirogs filled with all types of fish were very common. Chicken pirogs were eaten
on public holidays. Meat was eaten boiled and on special occasions at the end of
the meal like blessed food. There was no shortage of soup, especially vegetable
soup: borsch, stchi – a soup made from marinated cabbage. Other, favourite was
the famous Russian kasha. So there is a Russian saying : “ Stchi and kasha is all we
ever get to eat''.

The cuisine of the aristocracy preferred the blinse cakes (pancakes) or

towers, which were invented by Russian gourmands and comprised blinses of all
manner - of different fillings piled up on top of each other. In the times of
Catherine 11 it became fashionable to serve French and Russian meals at
receptions, followed by delicious desserts and exotic fruits. The evening meal at
the tsarist court comprised 80 courses for each person. There were hot broths,
marinated chicken, rabbit, tortoise, sausages, pirogues, salads, oysters, bitter
oranges, pastry, blinses, sweets.

It is of upmost importance for the Russian hospitality to set a rich table.

Blinses are still very popular both by themselves or filled with meat, fish, caviar,
and sour cream. Originally, they symbolized the sun.

These traditions still exist. They have survived – at family dinners, friendly
parties at the
kitchen, even in the kitchens of the communal apartments food , where every
housewife, and sometimes houseman cooked his or her own special dish. To this
very day, the greatest praise which can be said to a cook is that it “tastes as if it
were homemade”. And foreigners can’t believe their eyes: “What? You can do
all that at home?”

Vocabulary:

74
 cuisine - кухня
peasant –крестьянская
veal – говядина
fill – наполнять, начинать
pea – горох
berry – ягода
mushrooms – грибы
blessed food – благословенная еда
delicious – вкусный
exist – существовать

2. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. What were the two types of Russian cuisine?

2. How did the Russian cooked the food?
3. Veal wasn't eaten, was it?
4. Was food heated in fat (butter)?
5. What did Russian people use to fill cakes, blinses, pirogs?
6. What soups did Russian people cook?
7. What did the cuisine of Russian aristocracy Tasty treat prefer?
8. What dishes were served at the tsarist receptions?
9. It's a Russian tradition to set a rich table, isn't it?
10. What Russian dishes are still popular?
11. What did Russian blinses symbolize?
12. What is the greatest praise which can be said to a Russian cook?

3. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Составьте план для пересказа

текста.

Russian Cuisine
Russian cuisine is rich and varied. In Russia there is a large variety of milk
products: a sort of dry, granulated cream cheese called "tvorog", thick sour cream
called "smetana", and several types of sour milk products of the yoghourt type.
Smetana can be used with almost anything: a dollop of it in the soup, a spoonful
eaten with meat dish, or strawberries and apples sliced up small and eaten mixed
with smetana. It is also used on pancakes. Smetana is an almost universal
flavouring sauce, or if you like, it can be drunk by the glassful with or without
sugar. Smetana is made from cream. It contains 2,5% of protein, 20 - 40% of fats,
lactic acid. One hundred grams contain 203 kilo-calory.
Kefir is a pleasant, useful beverage made from cow's milk, yeast and lactic acid
bacteria. It's a dietary product. Ryazhenka is a sour milk product made from baked
milk, very pleasant to taste.

75
 There is a big choice of appetizers, soups, hot and dessert dishes. You can
recommend your guests soft, pressed and red caviar. Its vitamin content is
especially high. Then, of course, salmon, hot and cold smoked sturgeon, pikeperch
in aspic or stuffed, herring, red herring, Baltic salt-sprats; fried, smoked, marinated
smelt and the like.

As for cold meat dishes our guests can taste ham, lean cold boiled pork with
spices (buzhenina), jellied tongue, meat jelly and horse-radish sauce and various
salads beginning with salad "Stolychnii" up to Russian salad. For a change you can
taste frozen apples. They are delicious. Russian blini with caviar and mushrooms
in thick sour cream
sauce are popular hot appetizers.

How about soups? There are plenty of them. Fresh cabbage meat shchee,
shchee "Petrovskie" (cooked from soodak fish and fresh cabbage), Moscow
borshch, kidney and cucumber soup (rassolnik), meat and fish sawlyanka, ookha
(special fisherman's soup), mushroom soup and soups in season - okroshka and
cold beetroot soup are very popular with our guests. For the hot dish guests can
order pike-perch in white wine or fried, sturgeon of all kind - boiled, steamed or on
a spit, fried burbot or carp in thick sour-cream sauce or meat dishes to their taste:
beef-Stroganoff and mashed potatoes,
roast veal, special pot-roast stuffed cabbage-rolls (golubtsy), Siberian pelmeni,
suckling with buckwheat "kasha", stewed rabbit and hare and so on. Now a few
words about buckwheat "kasha" which may be eaten with meat like potatoes as
well as a cereal with butter or milk. It's very popular in our country because it's a
very useful product.
It's recommended for stout people, for people suffering from diabetes. Buckwheat
kasha purifies our organism and makes us stronger.

There is a large variety of poultry and game dishes: roast chicken, roast duck
and goose stuffed with apples and sauerkraut, roast partridge, hazel-grouse, wood-
grouse, wood-cock, black-cock, pheasant and quail. They are juicy and tender
dishes.

How about dessert? For dessert you can have baked apples, fruit and berry
kissels (made from fruit or berry juice and potato flour), compot (made from dried
stewed fruit mixed), dessert fruits: aromatic melons from Middle Asia,
watermelons from the Volga, juicy grapes, pears, apricots, peaches, tangerines,
oranges. And at last Goorievskaya kasha. This dessert dish was made in honour of
the victory over Napoleon in the war of 1812. Taste it!

These dishes are served at the Russian restaurants "Sadko", "Troyka",

"Okolitsa" and at many other fashionable restaurants in our city.

76
 Russian cuisine is famous for its Russian pies which were baked in Russia in
good old times and remain popular nowadays. They are: kulebiaka (a Russian pie
with meat or cabbage filling), rastegay (a pie with special fish filling), open curd
tarts (vatrushJa), honey-cakes, twists of bread (krendeli), boubliki (thick ring-
shaped rolls), baranki (ring-shaped rolls), sooshki (small ring-shaped crackers),
Russian Easter cakes and various fancy-cakes.

As for drinks we should recommend fruit and berry beverages: morse, kvas
and zbiten (an old Russian beverage made from kvas, cognac or vodka, honey, tea
and spices). Welcome to our restaurants!

Vocabulary:

granulated раздробленный, превращенный в зерно

dollop большая доза, большой кусок
flavouring [fleivəriŋ] ароматный, приятный на вкус
to contain [kən'tein] содержать
content [kontənt] содержание, содержимое (веществ в продукте)
protein [prouti:n] белок
lactic acid молочная кислота
bacterium [bak'tiəriəm] (pl. bacteria) бактерия
sour milk кисломолочный
smelt корюшка
and the like и тому подобное
frozen apples мочёные яблоки
burbot [‘bə:bət] налим
special pot- roast фирменное жаркое в горшочке
stuffed cabbage-rolls голубцы
suckling (-pig) поросенок
buckwheat "kasha" [kα:∫ə] гречневая каша
rabbit кролик
hare заяц
as well as так же, как и
to suffer (from) страдать, болеть
diabetes диабет
to purify [pjuri'fai] очищать
partridge куропатка
hazel-grouse [heizlgraus] рябчик
wood-grouse тетерев-глухарь
wood-cock вальдшнеп
black-cock глухарь
pheasant [feznt] фазан
quail перепел
baked apples печеные яблоки
Goorievskaya kasha гурьевская каша
77
 honour ['onə] честь;
in honour в честь
nowadays в наши дни
filling начинка

4. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную форму.

Переведите.

1. Thick sour cream is a universal flavouring sauce.

2. Kefir is a dietary product.
3. There is a big choice of Russian appetizers.
4. Russian soups are very popular with our guests.
5. Real Russian meat, fish and poultry dishes are very good.
6. Zbiten is an old Russian beverage.
7. Thick sour cream is made from cream.
8. Ryazhenka is made from baked milk.
9. Much fish was sold in our market-place yesterday.
10. Juicy pears and melons were served for dessert.
11. Much food will be eaten on the holidays.
12. These beverages will be made from berries and sugar.

5. Прочитайте текст, составьте план пересказа.

Russian Food and Cuisine.

Every country in the world has its own cuisine.

We have certain associations when we speak about French, Italian or Mexican
cuisine.
They all have something characteristic about themselves. What associations do
have when we speak about Russian food and Russian cuisine. One can state that
Russian food is what Russian people usually eat. However, considering how large
a country Russia is and how many cultures there are in Russia, it is difficult to say
that Russians in Moscow and in a small village have the same meals. Life in cities
is quick-paced, city dwellers are always rushing somewhere. That’s why the fast
food is becoming more and more popular in cities.
Yet, traditional Russian food is much tastier and healthier that the fast food.
To understand our national cuisine, one should remember that Russia is a northern
country in the most part and that our winters are rather long and sometimes very
cold.
That means that the food should be such as to give us enough energy.
Among most popular components of Russian dishes are: potato, eggs, butter,
bread, and meat. Very popular are milk products like sour cream, and curds; as
well as fresh fruit and vegetables. Russian cuisine enjoys quite a number of
authentic national dishes for every part of a meal, be it appetizers, soups, main
courses, desserts, or beverages.
78
Appetizers are usually served before main courses.
We often start our meals with various salads.
I would say that medley (vinegret) is probably loved by everybody in Russia.
To cook medley, we mix boiled potato, carrot, and beet as well as salted
cucumbers chopped in more or less equal cube-like pieces and add oil.
For many festive occasions, we cook so called “seledka pod shuboi”, or herring
under coat. To make it, one has to boil potato, carrot, and beet; then grate all these
ingredients and place them on a plate in layers covering a layer of chopped herring
and finally dress it with mayonnaise. This salad is an extremely popular New Year
dish.
There is probably no family in Russia not including this salad into its New Year or
birthday menu.
Let’s now turn to the Russian soups, which are an essential part of afternoon
meals.
The classical Russian soup is borsch, or red-beet soup made of beet, meat, potato,
and mostly served with sour cream, although some might prefer mayonnaise.
Very characteristic of Russian cuisine is okroshka, or cold soup made of cold kvass
with different vegetables, chopped boiled eggs and spices.
Among other kinds of soup I would like to mention ukha, or fish-soup, mushroom
soup, chicken soup. After soups come main courses as a rule.
Main courses are eaten at afternoon and evening meals. Usually they include meat
and/or vegetables with garnishes. For the meat part, we can have cutlets or chops,
fried fish or sausages. For garnishes, we might have potato or kashas, of which
there are many kinds to choose from: buckwheat, rice and other. Very often
pelmeny, or ravioli are mentioned among Russia-originated dishes. Strictly
speaking, it is not. Yet, these small squares of pasta containing minced meat and
spices are very popular in Russia.
Although you can find dozens of pelmeny brands in the shops, we prefer legendary
home-made pelmeny. Sometimes, instead of meat we use potato or curds and call
this pelmeny-like dish vareniks.
After all these tasty things, it’s time for Russian desserts. Pancakes are
always welcome as a dessert and are usually served with jam, honey or sour cream.
Pastries with berries, apples, and other fruit are also part of Russian food tradition.
Among traditional Russian beverages, to my mind, mors, kissel and kvass are most
typical. Kissel is made of sweetened fruit puree and mors, which is a kind of berry
drink, is made of cranberries, black-currants, or other berries. Kvass is an original
Russian beverage made of stale bread and is probably most popular among
traditional beverages.

79
 Unit 8
National food

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Ukrainian Cuisine

If you happen to come to Ukraine you should taste a real Ukrainian borshch.
It is sour-sweet, aromatic, tasty and nourishing. It is served with local fancy-
dumplings called pampoushki and ga- loushki. The main thing in cooking borshch
is in the following: you should put vegetables in a definite order. And secondly.
Borshch will be tastier if beetroot is stewed, carrots and onions - fried. The word
"borshch" originates from old-slavonik "borshch" - beetroot which is the main
ingredient of this dish. Now borshch is cooked in all regions of our country with
local variants. Don't fail to taste chicken cutlets Kiev style and Ukrainian vareniki
(cottage cheese or cherry dumplings). A great variety of local buns, cakes and
dishes of all kind are recommended to the guests in Ukraine.

Vocabulary:

nourishing ['nΛri∫iŋ] питательный, сытный

local ['loukl] местный
dumplings клецки, вареники, пампушки, галушки
to originate происходить
to fail потерпеть неудачу, не суметь что-л. сделать;
don’t fail to taste... не забудьте попробовать..., непременно
попробуйте...
ingredient [in'gri:diənt] составная часть, ингредиент
region край, область
variant вариант

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы.

British Cuisine

Some people criticize English food. They say it's unimaginable, boring,
tasteless, it's chips with everything and totally overcooked vegetables. The basic
ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent
sauces to disguise their
natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and
served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when
with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name
some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It
80
is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in
restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English
cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to find a good English restaurant with a
reasonable prices. In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and
Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian, Mexican, Greek... Cynics
will say that this is because English have no "cuisine" themselves, but this is not
quite the true.

Vocabulary:

to criticize — критиковать
tasteless — безвкусный
overcooked — переваренный
ingredient — ингредиент, составная часть
to invent — изобретать
sauces — соус
to disguise — скрыть
spice — специя, пряность
herb — трава
delicious — очень вкусный
disappointing — обидно
to lend — одалживать
cuisine — кухня

1. What do foreigners say when they criticize English food?

2. Do English people use a lot of sauces?
3. From a foreigner's point of view, what are typically English dishes?
4. Do all English eat in restaurants?
5. What kind of restaurants can you find in Britain?
6. Is it the true that English have no cuisine?

3. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Выпишите главные мысли из

текста.

Caucasian Cuisine
Caucasian cuisine is rich in various appetizers, soups, hot and cold dishes. A
great variety of green vegetables is used in making appetizers. They are: egg-
plants, tomatoes, string-beans, cabbage, sauerkraut, cauliflower, beets, potatoes,
garlic, brown onions, spinach and also greens, spices, mushrooms, eggs and
walnuts. The latter are used in making sauces to dishes of all kind. What appetizers
can guests taste? Here are some of them.
1) Egg-plants stuffed with wal nuts, garlic, brown.onion, cut small kinza, celery,
parsley, dried cinnamon, clove, winy vinegar, cayenne, salt.
2) Baked egg-plants with walnuts and pomegranate.
3) Fried egg-plants and tomato sauce.
4) Salted egg-plants and walnuts.
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5) Grilled mushrooms and walnut sauce.
6) Stewed tomatoes and walnuts.
7) String-bean salad.
8) Spinach, garlic and thick sour-cream etc.
There are soups to any taste but most popular are spicy soup khartcho, tender
chihirtma and thick chanahy.
As for meat dishes you can taste meat-boiled, roast, stewed, grilled and on a spit.
For example:
1) boiled beef in tomato sauce with greens;
2) roast beef and string-beans with greens;
3) beef fillet stewed in walnut and tomato sauce;
4) pork fillet stewed with quince;
5) boiled mutton in garlic sauce;
6) liver in pomegranate sauce;
7) pilaf.
Meat on a spit shashlyk is served everywhere in Georgia. It is suckling, lamb, beef,
chicken and even kidneys.
The poultry dishes are also very popular in Caucasian cookery:
1) oiled chicken in garlic sauce;
2) roast or boiled chicken in walnut sauce (bazha).
The sauce is made from minced walnuts, garlic, cut
small kinza, salt and vinegar. The chicken is roasted or boiled, then cut in pieces,
put on a dish and poured with this sauce.
3) chakhohbily of chicken;
4) chicken "Tabaka";
5) satsivy of poultry.
How about fish and fish dishes? The guests can taste:
1) fried fish in tomato sauce;
2) boiled fish in garlic sauce;
3) satsivy of fish.
There are many egg-dishes:
1) cheese-sulguny and eggs;
2) tomatoes and eggs;
3) string-beans and eggs;
4) walnuts, pomegranate and eggs and some others.
Let us add a few words about baked items. We all know kha- chapouri - pies
with cheese and egg filling. But not everybody knows that khachapouri can be
baked with potatoes, kidney-beans or top beets. Then go pies with raisins and
walnuts, honey pies and sweet, delicious gozinaky (shelled chopped walnuts
boiling with honey). Gozinaky is a traditional New-Year dish. For tea you can have
a great variety of jams: apricot, sweet cherries, water-melon, fig, quince and even
green tomato jams.
Vocabulary:
Caucasian [ko:'keiziən] кавказский
string-bean фасоль
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 spinach шпинат
walnut [wo:lnat] грецкий орех
the latter последний (из перечисленных)
khartcho харчо
chihirtma чихиртма
chanahy чанахи
quince айва
pilaf [pilafl (pilau, pilaw [pi'lau]) пилав, плов
top beets ботва свеклы
gozinaky козинаки
fig инжир, винная ягода
to pour [рo:] лить, поливать
chakhohbily чахохбили
satsivy сациви
khachapouri хачапури
kidney-bean тропическая американская фасоль

4. Объясните значение пословиц:

1. The glutton digs his grave with his teeth.

2. The proof of the pudding is in the eating.
3. You can't eat a cake and have it.
4. The appetite comes with eating.
5. Man does not live by bread alone.
6. Too many cooks spoil the broth.
7. First catch your hare then cook him.
8. You cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs.
9. Enough is as good as a feast.
10. Hunger is the best sauce.
11. Dog does not eat dog.

5. Прочитайте, переведите и прокомментируйте цитаты.

'Tell me what you eat and I will tell you who you are.'
Anthelme Brillat-Savarin

'Man is the only animal that can remain on friendly terms with the victims he
intends to eat until he eats them.'
Samuel Butler

'A gourmet is just a glutton with brains.'

Philip W. Haberman Jr.

'Where the guests at a gathering are well-acquainted, they eat 20 percent

more than they otherwise would.'
Edgar Watson Hawe
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 'The whole of nature, as has been said, is a conjugation of the verb to eat in
the active and passive.'
William Ralph Inge

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 Unit 9
Meals and cooking.

1. Прочитайте текст. Выпишите из текста все выделенные слова и

словосочетания. Переведите их.

Living in Russia one cannot but stick to a Russian diet. Keeping this diet
for an Englishman is fatal. The Russians have meals four times a day and their
cuisine is quite intricate.

Every person starts his or her day with breakfast. Poor Englishmen are
sentenced to either a continental or an English breakfast. From the Russian point
of view, when one has it continental it actually means that one has no breakfast at
all, because it means drinking a cup of coffee and eating a bun. A month of
continental breakfasts for some Russians would mean starving. The English
breakfast is a bit better, as it consists of one or two fried eggs, grilled sausages,
bacon, tomatoes and mushrooms. The English have tea with milk and toast
with butter and marmalade. As a choice one may have corn flakes with milk
and sugar or porridge.

In Russia people may have anything for breakfast. Some good-humoured

individuals even prefer soup, but, of course, sandwiches and coffee are very
popular. One can easily understand that in Great Britain by one o'clock people are
very much ready for lunch. Lunch is the biggest meal of the day. That would be
music for a Russian's ears until he or she learns what lunch really consists of. It
may be a meat or fish course with soft drinks followed by a sweet course.

The heart of a Russian person fills with joy when the hands of the clock
approach three o'clock. His or her dinner includes three courses. A Russian will
have a starter (salad, herring, cheese, etc.), soup, steaks, chops, or fish fillets
with garnish, a lot of bread, of course, and something to drink. The more the
better. At four or five the Russians may have a bite: waffles, cakes with juice,
tea, cocoa, or something of the kind.

In Great Britain they have dinner at five or six. Soup may be served then,
but one should not be misled by the word "soup". British soup is just thin paste
and a portion is three times smaller than in Russia. A lot of British prefer to eat
out. "Fish and Chips" shops are very popular with their take-away food. The
more sophisticated public goes to Chinese, Italian, seafood or other restaurants
and experiments with shrimp, inedible vegetables and hot drinks.

Supper in Russia means one more big meal at seven. The table groans
with food again. In England it is just a small snack — a glass of milk with
biscuits at ten.

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 Most Russians have never counted calories and they are deeply convinced that
their food is healthy. Some housewives may admit that it takes some time to
prepare all the stuff, including pickles, home-made preserves and traditional
Russian pies and pancakes. But they don't seem to mind too much and boil, fry,
roast, grill, broil, bake and make. Paraphrasing a famous proverb one can
say:
'What is a Russian man's meat is a British man's poison'*.

* What is one man's meat is another man's poison — Что русскому хорошо, то немцу —
смерть (поcл.).

2. Отработайте произношение следующих слов.

To cement, outsider, mourning, unduly, to stroll, luncheon, rusk, hostess,

embarrassed, to inquire, roll, to plaster, miraculously, lamb, cutlet, spinach,
stewed, pear, resourceful, powdered, macaroni, to sizzle, delicious, chef, succulent,
burgundy, champagne, to persevere, to pour, pathetic, gluttonously, to devour,
voluptuously, solemn, ecstatic, fervour, lousy, meringue.

3.Прочитайте и переведите слова и словосочетания. Составьте с

каждым из них по предложению.

To make someone thinner; juicy and delicious; food making people fat
easily; to drink; to cut into two parts; to put something on one's plate; to put butter
on top; to like sweet things; to use hands when eating; to eat noisily; to eat fast,
swallowing large quantities.

4. Заполните таблицу следующими словами, в соответствии с их

переводом.

to swallow, to crunch, to champ, to hog, to munch, to gobble (up), to nibble at

something, to gnaw, to gulp, to chew, to devour, to bolt, to bite.

Пожирать Глотать (3) Жевать (3) Грызть (2) откусывать

(3) (2)

5. Допишите список продуктов питания.

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6. Изучите таблицу калорийности продуктов и напишите:
a) меню для человека, который хочет сбросить вес;
b) меню для человека, который хочет набрать вес.

7. Прочитайте диалог по ролям.

Dietary Breakfast
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 Waiter to his guest: Good morning, Sir! What would you like for
breakfast?
Guest I'd like something light. I'm on a diet.
W: I see. First of all, I can recommend you porridge, a soft-boiled egg, fresh
cottage cheese and middling tea.
G.: Thank you. Will you bring me porridge, one soft-boiled egg, cottage
cheese and middling tea.
W.: Very good, Sir.

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 Unit 10
The places where people go to eat

1. Соедините названия мест для приёма пищи и их значения.

1. snack bar A. originally a British public house licensed to serve beer and
other alcoholic beverages. Сustomers get their drinks
from the
counter and either stand there or sit at the tables. Some
light
snacks like pies and sandwiches are served.

2. café/cafeteria B. a counter where food and drink may be bought and eaten
(e.g. in a on railway station a train)

3. pizzeria C. small restaurant mainly concentrating on cakes, sandwiches,

coffee and tea. Choice of food is often very limited.

4. refectory D. a place where guests normally come fairly late and stay until
the
small hours. Always with dancing and often also with floor
shows.
Food is some times available.
.

5. buffet E. a place where students or workers have their lunch, usually

connected with a school, office or factory.

6. night club F. a nice place where meals are served to customers.

7. canteen G. a modest restaurant where customers collect their food on

trays at
counters and carry it to tables. Choice of dishes is based on
convenience and speed, with food like hamburgers,
sausages and
sandwiches.

8. pub H. a restaurant specializing in pizzas, and other Italian-type

food.

9. restaurant I. a university cafe

2. Какого типа рестораны вы бы посоветовали следующим людям:

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 1. A young couple who want food and some entertainment late at night.
2. A man who wants a meal in a place where he can meet some local people.
3. Someone wanting a quick, cheap meal.
4. Someone at a railway station.
5. Someone who wants non-English food.
6. A student staying at the university all day.
7. A factory worker at lunch-time.
8. A family who wants to celebrate some special occasion.

3. Определите основную мысль текста, запишите (5-6

предложений).

To travel through the whole of England is to realize what a rich and varied
country it is. From one county to the next you could be on a different island, this
being particularly true of the East and West coasts, the North of England and the
South. The food from place to place varies, too. The thick clotted cream of
Cornwall and Devonshire does not travel far from where it was made, any more
than the succulent Cumberland sausage leaves Cumbria. The wildfowl of the Fens
do not mingle with the fat Aylesbury ducklings and Lincolnshire stuffed chine also
stays at home. The English are rightly proud of their heritage and today, amongst
the welter of take-always and fast food places, they are even more determined to
keep it alive. Traditions sometimes connected with food are not lost either.

The Reverend Sydney Smith (1771—1845), the witty, food-loving canon of

St. Paul's wrote: 'I am convinced that character, talents, virtues and qualities are
powerfully affected by beef, mutton, pie crust and rich soup.'

4. Прочитайте и переведите текст, используя слова после текста.

Dinner at a Restaurant

Yesterday was my day out. My friend Nick and I had dinner at the
restaurant. At one o’clock we were at the "Metropol". The waiter
showed us in and we took a table by the window. The waiter brought us
the menu and recommended some appetizers and dishes. For a snack we had
soft caviar, jellied tongue and mixed green salads. The snacks looked
very appetizing. Then Nick had chicken rice soup. I ordered beef-tea and a
meat patty. For the main course we had fried pike-perch and new potatoes.
Our dinner was delicious. For a drink we ordered special lemon beverage
and for dessert pears, oranges and ice-cream. The waiter served us very well.
We paid the bill, thanked the waiter and left the resta urant-hall. We had a
hearty meal. I think the meals at the "Metropol" are very good. Then we
went to the bar for coffee and cigarettes. Some guests ordered rich sweets,
nuts and cocktails.

to show in провести (в помещение)

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 appetizer [æpitaizə] закуска Syn. hors-d'oeuvre [o:'də:vr] Fr., snack
jellied tongue [tΛŋ] заливной язык
beef-tea крепкий бульон из говядины
for the main course на второе
for afters на десерт
new potatoes молодой картофель
hearty [hα:ti] обильный, здоровый (о пище)

cigarette [siga'ret] сигарета, папироса

Have a cigarette! Закуривайте!
nuts орехи
starter закуска
side-dish гарнир
How much do I owe [ou] you? Сколько с меня? (Сколько я вам должен?)
helping порция
squash [skwo∫] (фруктовый) сок

5. Запишите и выучите новые слова.

Salads (Салаты)
crab salad салат из крабов
fish salad рыбный салат
vegetable salad овощной салат
Russian salad винегрет
tomato and cucumber salad салат из помидоров и огурцов
mixed green salad салат из свежих овощей
to dress a salad with sour cream or mayonnaise заправить салат сметаной или
майонезом

Meat Dishes (Мясные закуски)

pâtè [pα:’tei] Fr./pasty [pæsti] Eng. паштет
cold pork буженина
boiled tongue отварной язык
meat-jelly and horse-radish sauce мясной студень с хреном
entrecôte [α:ŋtrə'kout] антрекот
beef steak/steak бифштекс
languette [læŋ'gwet] with mashed potatoes лангет с картофельным пюре
shnitzel шницель
quenelles [kə'nelz] кнели
croquette [krou'ket] Fr. крокеты
fillet [‘filit] филе
goulash [gula:∫, 'gudæ∫] гуляш
cutlet/rissole [‘risoul] котлета (рубленая)
steamed rissoles паровые котлеты
chop отбивная котлета (натуральная)
mutton chop (lamb) [læm] баранья отбивная (молодая)
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veal chop телячья отбивная
pork chop свиная отбивная
scallop ['skoləp] эскалоп
meat balls биточки
kidney pie запеканка из телячьих почек
liver in sour cream sauce печень в сметанном соусе
boiled tongue and green peas отварной язык с зеленым горошком
hot-pot тушеное мясо с картофелем в горшочке
hamburger гамбургер (котлета или рубленый бифштекс в булочке)

Poultry [poultri] (Птица)

cold-roast chicken холодная жареная курица или цыпленок
cold-roast goose [gus] холодный жареный гусь
cold-roast duck холодная жареная утка
roast chicken жареный цыпленок или кура
roast duck and apples жаренная утка с яйцами
roast goose and sauerkraut жареный гусь с квашеной капустой
roast turkey and mixed vegetables жареная индейка со сложным гарниром

Fish Snacks (Рыбные закуски)

pressed caviar паюсная икра
red caviar красная икра
salmon [sæmən] семга, лосось
Siberian [sai’biəriən] salmon кета
white salmon белорыбица
humpback [hΛmpbæk] горбуша
white sturgeon/beluga белуга
aspic [‘æspik] заливное
sturgeon in aspic/sturgeon in jelly/jellied sturgeon заливная осетрина
stuffed pike фаршированная щука
perch in marinade [,mæri'neid] окунь под маринадом
pike-perch судак
lampreys ['læmpriz] in mustard ['mΛsted] sauce миноги в горчичном coyce
sprats in oil шпроты в масле
sardines in oil сардины в масле
herring and vegetables селедка с овощами
marinaded herring маринованная селедка
marinaded eel маринованный угорь
cod liver [livə] печень трески
oysters [oistəz] устрицы
crabs крабы
lobsters омары
shrimps креветки squids кальмары
fish assorted/assorted fish/fish assorty рыбное ассорти

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 Greens (Зелень)
parsley [ pa:sli] петрушка
celery [seliri] сельдерей
dill укроп

Spices (Пряности)
pepper перец
vinegar [vinigə] уксус
ground pepper молотый перец
spicy [spaisi] ароматный, пикантный
allspice [o:lspais] душистый перец
cinnamon [sinəmən] корица
cayenne [kei'en] красный перец
clove [klouv] гвоздика
rump steak [rΛmpsteik] ромштекс

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 Unit 11
Visit to the Dietician

1. Прочитайте диалог по ролям и переведите его.

Visit to Dietician

D r. J о n e s: Good morning, Mrs. Fat. Sit down, please.

Mrs. Fat: Good morning. Dr. Jones. Do you mind if I sit on the sofa?
D r. J о n e s: No, not at аll. You can take any seat you like. So you would
tike to lose weight, wouldn't you?
Mrs. Fat: Exactly. I've been overweight all my life and now I think it's
time I started dieting.
D r. J o n e s: Oh, yes. I see. You know... before I can recommend you a
particular diet I must team all about your eating habits. How many meals a day do
you normally have?
Mrs. Fat: I usually have only three meals a day. I mean breakfast, lunch
and dinner, but unfortunately I very often eat between meals.
D r. J о n e s: What do you have for breakfast?
Mrs. Fat: A traditional English breakfast. I have a glass of orange juice, a
bowl of cereal and bacon and eggs. And then I drink tea.
D r. J о n e s: Do you take milk in your tea?
Mrs. Fat: I normally drink tea with cream, though I realize that I should
have it with skimmed milk.
D r. J о n e s: And what about lunch?
Mrs. Fat: Well, that depends. On some days I just have a couple of
sandwiches for lunch, but sometimes I also have a bowl of soup and cakes or pies
to follow.
Dr. Jones: What do you have for dinner and when do you have it?
Mrs. Fat: I normally have dinner at 8 p.m. I know it's a bit too late, it just
happens so. What do I have? You know, I like to have a very substantial dinner —
a starter, like a salad or assorted meat, followed by a main course such as beefsteak
or fish and chips and then dessert and tea or coffee.
D r. J о n e s: What do you have for dessert as a rule?
Mrs. Fat: Ice-cream or cakes, or both.
D r. J о n e s: And what do you eat between meals?
Mrs. Fat: Peanuts, chocolate, popcorn, crisps and stuff. Sometimes I just
like to nibble candies.
D r. J о n e s: In fact, many people do the same and yet they have no
problems with excess weight. Let me see... Do you fry one or two eggs with your
bacon in the morning?
Mrs. Fat: I actually take eight eggs, but I share my breakfast with my toy-
poodle dog.

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 D r. J о n e s: I see. Here is my prescription: Don't change your diet. Change
your dog. Replace it with a Labrador. Or keep both dogs and share all your meals
with them. And here is the telephone number of a vet, who is a very good dog
dietician, just in case your dogs might need a correction of their diet.
2. Объясните значения следующих слов.

food, meal, dish, course, overweight, diet, breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper, snack.

3. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Я завтракаю в восемь часов утра.

2. За завтраком я обычно съедаю бутерброд и выпиваю чашку чая.
3. Мой брат всегда ест яичницу с ветчиной на завтрак.
4. Что ты ешь в обед на второе?
5. Какой десерт нравится твоей маме?
6. Я никогда не перекусываю между завтраком, обедом и ужином.
7. Вы хотели бы похудеть?
8. У тебя нет лишнего веса и тебе не надо садиться на диету.
9. Я терпеть не могу рыбу с картошкой.
10. Мой друг постоянно ест жареный арахис или соленую воздушную
кукурузу. Меня это раздражает.
11. — Что такое традиционный английский завтрак? — По-моему, это
стакан сока, кукурузные хлопья с молоком, яичница с ветчиной и чай.
12. Я люблю плотно поесть в обед — закуску, суп, второе, десерт и
выпить чашечку крепкого кофе.

4. Что бы вы хотели заказать на завтрак

Образец: I'd like to have ...

yoghurt pancakes omelette

semolin pudding fried eggs
a syrniki boiled eggs
buckwheat cottage bacon and eggs
(kasha) rice cheese pie, patty, fancy-cake jam,
cereal porridge sausage(s) marmalade
tea, coffee butter

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 Unit 12
Drinks

1. Прочитайте список напитков и переведите. Распределите эти

слова в две колонки:
a) полезные напитки
b) вредные напитки

Orange juice, milk, skimmed milk, tea, coffee, beer, brandy, cognac, Scotch
whisky, Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, apple juice, tomato juice, pineapple juice, gin,
rum, vodka, champagne, port, dry sherry, sweet sherry, vermouth, ale, lager.

2. Запишите новые слова, отработайте их произношение. Выучите.

Strong (Hard) Drinks (Крепкие напитки)

alcoholics [,ælkə'holiks] алкогольные
vodka водка
Armenian [a:'mi:njən] армянский
Georgian грузинский
Moldavian [məl'dæviən] молдавский
Cognac "Five Stars" коньяк «Пять звездочек»
Cognac "Three Stars" коньяк «Три звездочки»
Cognac "O.C" (very old) коньяк (очень старый)
Cognac "K.C." (old) коньяк (старый)
Ashberry ['æ∫beri] in Cognac рябина на коньяке (рябиновая настойка)
brandy брэнди, коньяк
fruit brandy настойка (общее понятие)
cherry brandy вишневая настойка
rum ром
gin джин
whisky [wiski] виски
liqueur [li'kjuə] ликер
fruit liqueur наливка (алкогольная) Syn. ratafia [rætə'fiə], ratafee [rætə'fi]
Cherry-Ratafia вишневая наливка
Plum-Ratafia наливка сливянка
Ratafia of Cranberries наливка клюквенная
fruit cordial [ko:diəl] наливка безалкогольная

Aperitive Wine
Dubonnet Дюбоне
Cinzano Чинзано
Butón Бутон
Martini [ma:'tini] Мартини
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 Aperol Апероль
some kinds of dry vermouth некоторые виды сухого вермута
medium sherry ['mi:diəm ∫eri] средний херес
dry Madeira сухое вино мадера
old/vintage выдержанное (вино)
labelled [leibəld] wine марочное вино

Grape Wine
a) Table dry wine (Столовые сухие вина)
dry white wine белые сухие столовые вина
"Tsinandali" Georgian No 1 «Цинандали» грузинское № 1
“Gurdgiaani” Georgian No 3 «Гурджаани» грузинское №3
Riesling "Abrau" рислинг «Абрау»
dry red wine вина сухие столовые красные
"Teliani" Georgian No 2 «Телиани» грузинское № 2
"Mookoozani" Georgian No 4
«Мукузани» грузинское № 4
half-sweet полусладкое
"Alazanskaya Valley" «Алазанская долина»
b) Strong grape wine (Крепленые виноградные вина)
Madeira [mə'diərə] мадера
sherry [∫eri] херес
vermouth [və:məθ] вермут
cahors кагор
portwine портвейн
с) Sweet dessert wine
Muskat [mΛskət] мускат
Varna Варна
Tokai [toukei] токай
Champagne [∫æm'pein] шампанское
sweet сладкое
semi/demi/half sweet полусладкое
dry сухое
semi/half dry полусухое
sparkling игристое
Weak Alcoholic Drinks (Слабые алкогольные напитки)
beer [biə] пиво
light beer светлое пиво
dark beer темное пиво
medovukha медовуха
zbiten сбитень
Soft Drinks (Non-Alcoholic) (Безалкогольные напитки)
squash фруктовый напиток

97
 orange squash апельсиновый напиток
orangeade оранжад
lemonade [¸lemə'neid] лимонад
soda-water [soudəwo:tə] содовая вода
mineral ['minərəl] water минеральная вода
Pepsi-cola пепси-кола

3. Прочитайте и переведите предложения.

Alcohol

The attitude to alcohol is ambivalent. On the one hand-it’s accepted and

welcomed as an integral part of the British culture. On the other hand, the puritan
tradition has led to the widespread view that drinking is smth potentially dangerous
which should be restricted.

Pubs (public house): The nearest pub is commonly referred as ‘local” &
people who go there often know as “regular”. Notable aspect is appeal to the idea
of tradition. The most has the old name with old-fashion, rural associations, such
as: The Sheep Shear es, The Duke of Cambridge,)

People can’t be served in pubs until 18. The pub should have a special
children’s certificate allowing children inside on until they are 14.

All pubs is looked old, have very small windows helping pubs fell homely.

In order to not proper for people to be seen drinking just few pubs have
tables outside. Instead many have a garden at the back.

Nearly all pubs are owned by a brewery.The landlord is simply employed by

brewery as its manager.
The few pubs are privately owned proudly advertise themselves as “free houses”.
As result they have the wider line of beers.

The notable aspect – the pubs there are no waiter services. You should fetch
your drink yourself in the bar.

The pubs still have to close at their advertised closing time. The tradition of
“closing time” have remained in place.

4. Прочитайте и перевдите текст, запишите виды баров.

Salad-Bars are equipped with a special counter with an open

refrigerating vegetable show.

98
 There are: cut lettuce, cucumbers, tomatoes, radishes, spring onions,
olives, hard-boiled eggs, boiled potatoes, carrots, beetroot, brown onions,
dill, .parsley, celery, cabbage, sauerkraut and also boiled meat, fish,
sausage, cheese, cottage cheese and so on. In separate dishes there are: butter,
sour cream, mayonnaise, oil, vinegar, mustard, salt, pepper, granulated sugar,
horse-radish sauce. Each visitor puts vegetables, meat, fish or both, dressings
and sauces in his salad-dish to his own taste. These bars represent one of the
variants of "Swedish Board".

Fruit-Bars. It's a new type of bar in our social catering. There are
many juices, up to fifteen, electric mixer for milk cocktails, elec tric coffee-
pot, samovar. Customers may have tea, coffee, buns, cakes, pies etc.

Milk-Bars. Great attention should be paid to milk-bars. They can

recommend a wide choice of milk products and beverages. Cus tomers can
taste milk noodles home style, noodle pudding stuffed with apples, Russian
blini with butter or thick sour cream, pies, curd items, cheese sticks, butter,
cheese and sausage, sandwiches, milk and cream shakes. Many dishes are
made in the presence of customers. Milk-bars will be built close to big dairy
shops.

Express-Bars are arranged at the railway stations, hotels, in the

shopping centers. Their aim is to serve the customers as quick as possible.
The assortment is the following: sandwiches, baking items, pastry, milk
products.

Snack-Bars are intended for quick service of customers at the counter. The
assortment is minced or plain beefsteak, entrecote, roast chicken, duck or goose,
cooling beverages, juices, cocktails, coffee.

Beer-Bars sell bottled and unbottled beer, mineral and fruit water. There
are no strong drinks on sale. Cheese, salted, smoked, dried fish, chipped
potatoes, biscuits, small dried rings (sooshki), dried crusts, olives, stuffed eggs,
shrimps go nicely with beer. You can also have sandwiches, cold and hot snacks.

Disco-Bars work in the evening. Their halls should be decorated beautifully.

Young people come to these bars to have a good time, to dance, to listen to the
music, to see the performance. Disco-bars should be equipped with modern
musical apparatus and large screens for demonstrating slides. They should also have a
television-set, video tape-recorders, special devices producing light effects. Cooling
and mixed drinks, snacks and hot dishes are on the menu. For dessert guests can
have strawberry, apricot, peach and nut ice-cream.
Welcome to the bars!

5. Запишите и выучите новые слова.

99
 a long drink пить, не торопясь (через a long drink пить, не торопясь,
через соломинку)
a short drink выпить залпом
at a gulp [gΛlp] залпом
in the near future в ближайшем будущем
each каждый
to equip [i’kwip] оборудовать, оснащать
refrigerating холодильный
show показ; витрина
separate [seprit] отдельный
Swedish Board [bo:d] шведский стол
both [bouθ] оба; both ... and и ... и
social ['sou∫l] социальный, общественный
catering [keitəriŋ] обслуживание; питание
electric mixer электромиксер
attention [ə'ten∫n] внимание
to pay attention обращать внимание
milk noodles молочная лапша
noodle pudding лапшевник
shake коктейль
presence [prezəns] присутствие
original cocktails оригинальные коктейли
a) layer [leiə] cocktails слоистые коктейли
knickenbein кникенбайн
champerol чемпероль
pousse-café [puskə'fei] пус-кафе
b) crusta [krΛsta] краста
to improve [im'pru:v] улучшать
to quench утолять
thirst [θə:st] жажда
to use [ju:z] использовать, пользоваться
straw [stro:] соломинка

6. Дополните диаграмму приведёнными ниже словами.

100
 Unit 13

The etiquette

1. Прочитайте и переведите.

The list of Table Don'ts.

1. Elbows are never put on the table while one is eating.

2. Don't lift your plate up to your mouth.
3. Don't push back your plate when finished. It remains exactly where it is until
whoever is waiting on you removes it.
4. Don't lean back and announce, 'I'm through'. The fact that you have put your
fork and knife together on the plate shows that you have finished.
5. Don't wait until all plates are served; after a few guests have been served, it is
perfectly all right to start eating.
6. Don't let others see what you have in your mouth.
7. Don't make a noise when eating.
8. Put the food in your mouth with your fork, never with your knife .

The list of Table Dos.

1. Put your napkin on your lap. Do not wear it around your neck.
2. Gravy should be put on the meat, and the condiment, pickles and jelly at the side
of whatever they accompany.
3. All juicy or soft fruit or cake is best eaten with a fork and when necessary a
spoon or a knife also.
4. When passing your plate for a second helping always leave a knife and a fork on
the plate and be sure the handles are far enough on not to topple off.
5. You may use your knife or a piece of dry crust as a pusher to guide and hold
each mouthful for the fork to lift.
6. Fish bones are taken between finger and thumb and removed between
compressed lips.
7. Bread should always be broken into moderate-sized pieces with the fingers
before being eaten.

2. Откройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной форме.

1. Table d`hôte dishes (to be) served for dinner every day. 2. The table (to
be) laid beautifully yesterday. The guests (to be) served very well. 3. Soft and
red caviar (to be) served for supper party on Sunday evening. 4. Horse radish and
salted cucumbers (to be) served for meat jelly tomorrow. 5. Smoked smelt (to be)
sold in St. Petersburg in May every year. 6. Many guests (to be) invited for my
birthday next Saturday. 7. Fruit (to be) sold in aisle five.

101
 Unit 14
Tools and Equipment

1.Прочитайте слова, найдите в словаре их перевод. Запишите и

выучите.

Heat, simmer, boil, stir, cut, mince, chop, rub something into something,
soak, bake, beat, mix, strain off the liquid, pour, roll out, melt, whisk, peel, squeeze
out, bring to the boil.

2. Запишите и выучите новые слова.

Saucepan - кастрюля
frying pan - сковорода
bowl - чашка
scoop - ковш
whistling kettle – металлический чайник
colander - дуршлаг
mincing - мясорубка
coffee pot - турка

3. Прочитайте текст.

Food Equipment Can Be Dangerous

Modern cooking and food processing equipment has an extraordinary

capacity to burn, cut, smash, mangle, and amputate parts of the tender human
body. This may sound like a harsh way to begin a chapter, but the intent is not to
intimidate you or scare you but to inspire a healthy respect for the importance of
proper safety and operating procedures.

Never use a piece of equipment until you are thoroughly familiar with its
operation and all its features. You must also learn how to know when a machine is
not operating correctly.

When this happens, shut it down immediately and report the malfunction to
a supervisor.

Capacity – потенциал
Harsh – суровый
Supervisor – руководитель

4. Найдите в тексте перевод данных предложений и

словосочетаний.

1) современное оборудование,
102
 2) части человеческого тела,
3) суровый метод
4) Никогда не пользуйтесь оборудованием, пока вы хорошо не знакомы
с его работой и не знаете все его особенности.

5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Your Hands Are Your Best Tools

Machines are intended to be labor saving devices. However, the usefulness
of specialized processing equipment often depends on the volume of food it
handless. It takes less time for a cook to slice a few pounds of onions by hand than
to set up a slicing attachment, pass the onions through it, and break down and clean
the equipment. This is why it is important to develop good manual skills.

labor saving devices – устройства экономии труда

6. Задайте три вопроса к тексту.

7. Прочитайте и переведите.

TYPES OF COOKTOPS
1. Open elements (burners), either electric coils or gas flames. These tops
are
the fastest to heat and can be turned off after short use. However, cooktop
space is limited to one pot per burner.
2. Flattop or hot top (lightweight). Burners covered with steel plate. More
cook
space is available. Top supports moderately heavy weights.
3. Heavy-duty flattop. Burners covered with heavy cast steel.
4. Induction cooktops. The top of an induction unit does not become hot.
Rather, it works by magnetically agitating the molecules in steel or iron cookware
so the cookware becomes hot. As a result, much less energy is used and the kitchen
stays cooler, because only the pots and pans and their contents become hot.

8. Прочитайте текст, переведите, составьте краткий конспект.

Ovens
The oven and the range top are the two workhorses of the traditional kitchen.
Ovens are enclosed spaces in which food is heated, usually by hot air or, in some
newer kinds of ovens, by microwaves or infrared radiation.
In addition to roasting and baking, ovens can do many of the jobs normally
done on the range top. Many foods can be simmered, stewed, braised, or poached
in the oven, freeing the range top and the chef’s attention for other tasks.
There are many kinds of ovens beyond those discussed here, but they are
often for specialty or high-volume uses. These include conveyor ovens, which
carry foods through the oven on a steel conveyor belt; holding ovens or warmers,
103
which are designed to hold many types of foods at serving temperatures for
extended periods without drying out or overcooking (this category includes ovens
that also cook the food, then automatically switch to holding temperature); and
high-volume roll-in ovens, with large doors into which one can roll carts loaded
with trays of food.

oven - духовка
infrared – инфракрасный
simmered – на медленном огне
stewed – тушёный

9. Прочитайте и переведите.

Processing Equipment
Mixers
Vertical mixers are important and versatile tools for many kinds of food
mixing and processing jobs, both in the bakeshop and in the kitchen.

Food Cutter
The food cutter or rotation chopper, familiarly known as the buffalo
chopper, is a common piece of equipment used for general food chopping. A
variety of attachments (described in the next section) makes it a versatile tool.

10. Изучите данную информацию.

Capacity measures are given in Imperial pints and fractions of pints with
small amounts in spoon measures.
Liquid ingredients may also be given in cups. These follow the English
measures, i.e. 1 pint equals 2 cups (U.S.A.— 2V2 cups).
All spoon measures refer to the British Standards Institution based on the
V2-ounce table-spoon. The American standard measuring spoons are slightly
smaller in capacity than the British ones. The proportion, however, is similar in
that 3 American tea-spoons equal 1 table-spoon.
All measures are levelled off to the rim of the spoon.

Metric Equivalents

It is rather difficult to convert from English measures with absolute

accuracy, but 1 oz. is equal to approximately 30 grammes, 2 lb. 3 oz. is equal to 1
kilogramme. For liquid measure, 3/4 English pints may be regarded as equal to 1
litre.

104
 Unit 15

The recipes

1. Переведите рецепты на русский язык.

1. Hot chocolate.
Heat 600 ml (1 pint) milk, add 100g (4 oz) chopped plain or bitter chocolate and
stir, when melted, bring to a simmer and whisk for 3 minutes. Sweeten to taste.
Pour hot into cups and top with whipped cream.

2. Oat cakes.
Sift flour into a bowl and add salt. Rub in fat until texture resembles breadcrumbs.
Add currant, lemon juice and rind, then mix to a fairly firm dough with about 4
tablespoons water or milk and water. Divide the dough into 4 pieces and put on to
a floured surface. Roll into circles and fry in the oil until brown all over. Drain
well and eat hot, sprinkled with sugar.

3. Ham baked with chestnuts.

Mash the chestnuts well, add the sugar and either butter or cream and some pepper.
Lay the ham on a board and stuff it with as much of this as will hold, then press
together and secure. Put into an ovenproof dish. Make a criss-cross pattern with a
sharp knife on the top of the ham. Mix the breadcrumbs into the rest of the chestnut
mixture and press this over the top. Put the ham into a pre-heated oven at 200° С
(400° F) for about 1/2 hour or until the top is crisp.

2. Соедините названия блюд и их рецепты.

1. RICHMOND MAIDS OF HONOUR

These little almond cakes are said to have been first made at Richmond Palace
when Henry VIII was king. The young girl who first made them gave her recipe to
a Mr. Billet, who, after her death, opened a "Maids of Honour" shop in Richmond.
The secret was kept in the family for many generations. However, a certain Mr.
Newen went to work in Mr. Billet's shop and bought the recipe from the owner for
a thousand guineas. The present Mr. Newen still makes them by hand at 288 Kew
Road, Kew Gardens.

2. TOAD-IN-THE-HOLE
The dish was often served at country hotels, or pubs, in the last century. Toad-in-
the-Hole has deteriorated very much over the years. Up until the 1920s it was often
made with good steak, chopped into pieces, sometimes with some kidneys added,
but nowadays it is more often served made with sausages. It can be extremely good
eaten piping hot from the oven.

105
 3. TWEED KETTLE
Salmon from the Tweed river is well known for its flavour and the traditional
methods of cooking preserve that delicacy. The pan in which the salmon is cooked
is always called a fish kettle.

A. 900g (2 lb.) fresh salmon, middle cut or tail end, salt and pepper, pinch of nut-
meg, water, 1 small onion, chopped, 3 tablespoons white wine vinegar, 2 tablespo-
ons parsley, chopped. Serves about 6

В. 450g(1 lb.) prepared puff pastry, 225g (8 oz) cheese, 175g (6 oz) wanned
butter, 2 egg yolks, 100g (4 oz) sugar, 2 tablespoons brandy, 2 tablespoons
breadcrumbs, level, 50g (2 oz) ground almonds, 1 lemon. This amount makes
about 24 cakes.

C. 675g (1 1/2 lb.) pork sausages, 225g (8 oz) flour, pinch of salt, 3 eggs, 600 ml
(1 pint) milk. Serves 4.

3. Вы собрались в тур поход, какую еду вы возьмёте с собой, а

какую не возьмёте. Напишите, используя предложения.

Why don't we take ...

We can't do without ...
... is a must.
We'll certainly need ...
We are sure to need ...
... will be of use, no doubt.
It could be a good idea to take ...

4. Прочитайте и переведите рецепты блюд.

Fresh Cabbage Shchee (for four litres)

Beef or pork - one kilo with bone
Fresh cabbage - one kilo
Brown onions - 150 grams
Fresh tomatoes - 2 pieces or one spoonful of tomato paste
Root celery - one piece
Root parsley - one piece
Bay leaf - two pieces
Some dill and spring onions
Salt (to taste)
Water - four litres
The meat is boiled till it's half ready (for an hour or two). Then you put
schredded fresh cabbage. Sliced brown onions, carrots, tomatoes, root celery
and parsley are fried for twenty - twenty-five minutes in the frying-pan and
put in the saucepan. Bay leaf is put at the end of cooking and should be
106
taken away after shchee is ready. Shchee is served with sour cream, cut
small spring onions and dill. Cooking-time - about three hours.

Sauerkraut Shchee
Sauerkraut is washed and stewed for an hour in the frying-pan. You can
use butter or some fat. Meat is boiled in the saucepan. After an hour
sauerkraut is simmered with meat. If you like you can put a potato or two
ten minutes before putting the sauerkraut. Otherwise the potato(es) will taste
badly. Fried vegetables: brown onions, tomatoes or tomato paste, carrots and
greens: celery, parsley and bay leaf are put in the saucepan. Everything is
simmered for half an hour. Sauerkraut shchee is served with thick sour cream,
cut dill and parsley. Cooking-time is about three hours. Sauerkraut shchee is
an old Russian dish.

Okroshka
(four - five portions) Kvas - 1 litre
New cucumber(s) - 1 of medium size
Spring onions - 100 gr
Hard-boiled eggs - 2
Boiled beef- 100 gr or boiled sausage/sausages
Lean ham - 50 gr
Spring onions and cucumber(s) are washed and sliced. So is boiled
beef and ham. Hard-boiled eggs are cut large. All this is put in the kvas,
salted to taste. It's better to have kvas sour. If it's sweet you can put a
slice of lemon or citric acid at the tip of the knife. In home-made cooking a
potato (boiled and cut) is added. Before serving okroshka it's recommended
to keep it in a cool place or refrigerator for two hours. Okroshka is served
with thick sour cream, cut parsley and dill. If it's too thick you should add
some more kvas.

Chahohbily of Chicken

Chicken - 1 kg
Brown onions - 4 bulbs
Butter - 2 - 3 spoonfuls
Tomatoes - 800 gr
Kinza - 3 - 5 twigs
Black pepper, salt to taste
The salty chicken is cut and roasted in a sauce-pot. Shredded onions,
fresh sliced tomatoes, pepper, cut greens - kinza, parsley, dill are stewed with
the chicken. You can add a bay leaf and some allspice at the end of cooking.
Ghahohbily is garnished with greens. Cooking-time is an hour.
107
 Chicken "Tabaka"
Chicken "Tabaka" is roasted under press for an hour. Before roasting the
chicken is greased with the prepared mass of pounded garlic (2-3 cloves),
ground pepper, cut greens and salt. Chicken "Tabaka" is served on a large
plate and garnished with chipped potatoes, marinated onions, tomatoes or
cucumbers, raw or pickled. Tomato or pomegranate sauce is served separately.
Cooking-time is an hour.
Satsivy of Poultry
Chicken-800 gr (or: turkey;
duck; goose)
Butter-400 gr
The sauce: (Satsivy)
flour-25 gr
butter - 40 gr
kinza - some twigs
khmeli-suneli - a pinch
ground clove, ground saffron, cinnamon, cayenne, vinegar, salt to taste
two egg yolks
shelled walnuts-250 gr
brown onions - 120 gr
The prepared poultry is boiled whole till it's half ready. Then the poultry is
greased with butter or fat and roasted in the oven. While roasting you should
pour it with satsivy sauce and turn it over to get the poultry rosy from all
sides. The satsivy sauce is made from the sliced brown onions slightly fried in
the frying-pan, the flour diluted with some clear soup, pounded garlic, some
vinegar, khmeli-suneli, clove, cinnamon and chopped greens. The poultry is
put in this sauce and simmered for ten minutes. The shelled walnuts are
chopped with some cayenne, yolk and saffron. The saffron in diluted in the
clear soup (one pinch for 25-30 grams of clear soup). All this is added to
the poultry but after that satsivy must not be boiled. The dish is sprinkled
with nut oil and served cooled.

5. Запишите и выучите новые слова и выражения.

culinary [kΛlnəri] кулинарный

piece [pi;s] кусок; штука
bay leaf лавровый лист
to shred шинковать
slice ломоть, ломтик
to slice резать ломтиками
frying-pan сковорода
saucepan кастрюля
to simmer кипеть на медленном огне
108
stew-pan низкая кастрюля; сотейник
a pinch щепотка
peel кожура
to peel чистить (апельсин и т.д.)
citric [sitrik] acid лимонная кислота
to pound толочь
handful горсть, пригоршня
to cut large резать крупно
to cut small резать мелко
refrigerator холодильник
bulb головка (лука и т.п.)
twig веточка
to garnish украшать (только о блюдах)
to grease [gri:z] смазывать
clove [klouv] головка (чеснока и т.п.)
to chip жарить (картофель) стружкой
raw [ro:] сырой
saffron [sæfrən] шафран
yolk [jouk] желток
white белок
to shell чистить (орехи) от скорлупы
to boil whole варить целиком
oven [‘Λvən] духовка
to turn over переворачивать
slightly слегка
to dilute развести (бульоном, водой)
to chop мелко нарезать
to sprinkle сбрызнуть

109
 Unit 16

We can’t live without it

1. Прочитайте и переведите тексты. Задайте по 5 вопросов к

каждому тексту.

MILK

One of the most important foods for human beings in general and children in
particular is milk. Milk also serves as a basis for other important foods. We have,
for instance, butter and many different, kinds of cheese. Then milk itself is
prepared in different ways specially for children and people in poor health, all of
whom need greater care and attention than people in ordinary good health do.

Milk is also used in preparation of cakes, some kinds of bread and sweets.
Milk chocolate, for instance, is greatly used by the explorers and others who go far
from the places where people generally live, and who must carry the food they
need along with them. When milk has been dried, it becomes very light powder
which is also used by those who need food that is light in weight. Besides milk
powder, condensed milk is also produced and sold in tins. There is generally some
sugar in condensed milk.

CEREALS

A typical grain is wheat which is the staple food in many countries. Wheat
grows in the field. Combines are machines which cut the wheat and thresh the
grain. Grains are the wheat's seeds. When the grain is separated from the husk, it is
stored'-in barns, in silos or in elevators. Then wheat is transported to the flour-
mills. There it is ground into flour.
Bread and cakes are made out of this flour. Grain is also used in brewing. It
may also be pounded or milled and then sold in the form of grouts. Grouts are used
lin garnishes and can make a separate dish—porridge or gruel (kasha).

2. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Молоко – один из самых важных продуктов для человека.

2. Молоко также используется для приготовления тортов, хлебных
изделий и сладостей.
3. Из молоко получают много продуктов питания.
4. Я люблю пить молоко по вечерам.
5. Хлеб и хлебобулочные изделия делаются из муки.

3. Ответьте на вопросы.

110
1. What food products are made from milk?
2. What animals do we get milk from?
3. What kinds of milk do you know?
4. What dishes can be prepared with milk?
5. What cereal is the staple food in your republic?
6. Where is grain stored?
7. What other cereals do you know?
8. What do we make from flour?

111
 Unit 17

What is High Tea?

1. Прочитайте и переведите тескт.

The drinking of tea not only became a social event for the upper classes, it
altered the time and manner in which they took tea. Afternoon Tea became the
bridge between meals because many wouldn't eat their evening meal until maybe
8pm. As such, Afternoon Tea became a ‘mini meal' in itself.

This was all well and good for the upper classes, but the working classes ran to a
different schedule and a different budget. Tea was still quite expensive at the time
and the working classes

could not afford to waste it on anything

other than necessities. A wearied factory worker
wouldn't arrive home until six in the evening, and
when he did, he was famished! Thus, in the
industrial areas of the UK (northern England and
southern Scotland), the working classes evening
meal evolved: high tea.

Family eating high tea - Buy this photograph as a poster

English High Tea usually involved a mug of tea, bread, vegetables, cheese
and occasionally meat. Variations on high tea could include the addition of pies,
potatoes and crackers.

So while Afternoon Tea was largely a social event for their upper class
counterparts, high tea was a necessary meal in the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries. This traditional high tea still exists for some parts of the North and
Scotland.

Why is it called ‘high tea'?

A possible explanation why this type of meal was called high tea is the fact
that it was eaten at a table. In comparison, Afternoon Tea was taken whilst seating
in low, comfortable chairs or sofas. Of course, soon after, the upper classes
developed their own variation and also called it ‘high tea'. It was a meal that could
be eaten when their servants were away or not available, as it was so easy to
prepare. The upper class ‘high tea' involved the amalgamation of Afternoon Tea
and high tea, with the addition of pigeon, veal, salmon and fruit.

112
 It is important to add that the Afternoon Tea menu served in the UK today is
often refered to as high tea in many other parts of the world. Because of this some
hotels, such as The Ritz in London, use the term ‘High tea in London' to advertise
their Afternoon Tea because a large proportion of their customers are from
overseas.

Some venues do serve a special high tea menu, in addition to Afternoon Tea,
which includes additional savoury items such as Welsh Rarebit, English muffins,
pies or omelette.

2. Прочитайте текст. Выпишите предложения, содержащие

главные мысли текста. Переведите их.

What is Tea?

Tea is a drink that is produced from the combination of cured leaves of the
Camellia Sinensis (tea) plant with hot water. Tea is the second most popular
beverage in the world, after water. The Camellia Sinensis plant thrives growing in
tropical and sub-tropical climates, hence its origins on the continents of Asia and
Africa.

The first recorded consumption in the history of tea was in China, as early as
the 10th century BC. Soon, it spread to Korea and Japan. During the 16th century
Portuguese exploration of the Far East, tea was traded with the West and as a
result, the tea plant spread to the rest of the world. It has been said that Catherine
of Braganza, the Portuguese queen consort to King Charles II, introduced the
drinking of tea in the UK.

It wasn't until the 19th century until tea drinking became a common pastime
for all the social classes. Now, tea drinking occurs as a daily occurrence not just as
a component of afternoon tea or a tea party. In the UK, it has become a ‘national
drink' of sorts and an integral part of British culture.

There are (at least) four different types of tea: white tea, green tea, oolong
tea and black tea. The type of tea depends on the type of tea processing it
undergoes. Tea leaves are prone to wilt and therefore oxidise, if they are not dried
quickly. As the chlorophyll breaks down, the tea leaves darken and release tannins;
this process is called fermentation in the tea industry.

Tea as we know it in the UK is more often sold as teabags. Most popular brands of
teabags are usually made by blending a variety of different teas together. Tea is
renowned for containing numerous antioxidants and less caffeine than coffee.
There are also certain teas used in diets and tea for weight loss.

113
 Ответы

1. Упражнение
N-A-B-A-N-A = Banana = Fruit
G-O-R-A-N-E = Orange = Fruit
P-A-L-P-E = Apple = Fruit
O-P-A-T-O-T = Potato = Vegetable
R-O-C-T-R-A = Carrot = Vegetable
M-O-N-E-L= Lemon = Fruit

2. Упражнение
1 kiwi, 2 lemon, 3 banana, 4 watermelon, 5 potato

3. Упражнение
а) false, b) false, c) true, d) false, e) true

114
 Список литературы

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пособие для бакалавров / И.П. Агабекян. - М.: Дашков и К, 2016. - 312 c.
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Первухина. - Рн/Д: Феникс, 2013. - 188 c.
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темы, задания и упражнения: Учебное пособие / В.А. Романова. - М.:
Владос, 2014. - 399 c.
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11. www.fluentu.com
12. https://preply.com

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