The Book of the Dead, Saite through Ptolemaic Periods

Essays on Books of the Dead and Related Topics

Marie-Cécile Bruwier, Jonathan Elias, Janice Kamrin, Giuseppina Lenzo, Tamás Mekis,
M. Mosher, Stephen Quirke, Barbara Richter, Yasmin El Shazly, Mykola Tarasenko

Edited by
Malcolm Mosher, Jr.

SPBDStudies
i
 © 2019 by SPBDStudies, Malcolm Mosher, Jr. Prescott, AZ
www. SPBDStudies.com

All Rights Reserved.

All photographs contained herein belong to the specified museums and collections, as specified in
the Acknowledgments of Volume 1 of the series. Specifically, the various institutions possessing the
documents reproduced herein have copyright protection for their respective material, and reproducing
any photographic material from this study cannot be done without explicit permission from the
institutions that own said material.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, including digital, photocopy,
and photographic, or by any other means without the written permission of the author. As specified
in Volume 1, use of the photographs contained herein are courtesy of the institutions that own those
manuscripts.

The image on the front cover shows the deceased in the great judgement scene from the illustration in the
Palmer Papyrus at the University of Reading, Britain.

ISBN: 9781072196037
Imprint: Independently published

SPBDStudies

ii
The Book of the Dead, Saite through Ptolemaic Periods
Essays on Books of the Dead and Related Materials

Marie-Cécile Bruwier, Jonathan Elias, Janice Kamrin, Giuseppina Lenzo, Tamás Mekis,
M. Mosher, Stephen Quirke, Barbara Richter, Yasmin El Shazly, Mykola Tarasenko

Edited by
Malcolm Mosher, Jr

SPBDStudies

iii
 Table of Contents

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 1

Marie-Cécile Bruwier and Tamás Mekis

Diversity of the Akhmimic funerary art in the 4th - 3rd centuries BC, a Case Study on a Priestly
Family, and a Study on Canopic Chests of Akhmim in the Graeco-Roman Period - A Survey in
Antiquity Collections ………………………………………………………..................................................... 3
Typology of Canopic Chests at Akhmim ............................................................................................... 36
Appendix - Tribulation of Akhmimi Funerary Boxes .......................................................................... 61
List of Plates ............................................................................................................................................... 70

Jonathan Elias and Tamás Mekis

An Exemplary Burial in Ptolemaic Thebes ………………………………………………………............123

Janice Kamrin and Yasmin El Shazly, with Contribution from Anna Serotta
The Coffins of Imhotep (Imuthes) of Meir …………………………………..................…………........... 171
Symbolism and Function ....................................................................................................................... 212
Appendix B: Comparanda .................................................................................................................... 220

Giuseppina Lenzo
Spell Traditions of the Book of the Dead during the Third Intermediate Period and Their Evolution
in the Saite Period ………………………………………………………....................................................... 241

Tamás Mekis
Some Reflections on the Funerary Equipment of Paiuhor ……………………......……………........... 257

Malcolm Mosher, Jr.

New Insights on P. Joseph Smith 2 and 3 ................................................................................................... 299

Malcolm Mosher, Jr.

A Highly Unusual Sequence of Spells ....................................................................................................... 313

Malcolm Mosher, Jr.

The Book of the Dead of Paiuhor ................................................................................................................ 331

Malcolm Mosher, Jr.

Two Hybrid Books of the Dead .................................................................................................................... 387

Malcolm Mosher, Jr.

Revisiting P. MacGregor ................................................................................................................................ 421

Malcolm Mosher, Jr.

Revisiting the Bottom Register of the Illustration for BD 16 ................................................................. 455

Malcolm Mosher, Jr.

A Mystery of Numbers ................................................................................................................................... 461

Malcolm Mosher, Jr.

The Book of the Dead of Ptahrekhes .......................................................................................................... 467

Malcolm Mosher, Jr.

Assessing New Fragments from BD 1, 6 to 15d, and 15g to 15i in the Papyrus of Nesshutefnut
(mostly known as P. Ryerson) ....................................................................................................................... 493

iv
Stephen Quirke
Identity for Eternity: Managerial and Ritual Roles in Titles on Third Intermediate Period Afterlife
Papyri ................................................................................................................................................................. 495

Barbara A. Richter
Gods, Priests, and Bald Men: A New Look at Book of the Dead 103 (“Being Beside Hathor”) ...... 519

Mykola Tarasenko
The Book of the Dead fragments in the Collection of the Institute of Manuscripts of the V. I.
Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (F. VIII, no. 565/15) ......................................................... 541

Errata for Volumes 1 to 6 and 10 in the SPBDSeries Series ......................................................................... 557

v
 From the Illustration of BD 148 in P. Paiuhor
(München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, p.München Mon. script. hierogl. 1, 4a, 4b)

vi
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library
The Book of the Dead fragments in the Collection
of the Institute of Manuscripts of the V. I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine
(F. VIII, no. 565/15)1

Mykola Tarasenko

The purpose of this essay is the publication of fragments of the ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead that are
stored at the Institute of Manuscripts of the V. I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (IM VNLU) in Kyiv
that includes a small collection of oriental manuscripts that are very diverse in linguistic, chronological,
and territorial composition (from the Middle to the Far East). It includes the Batak manuscript from the
island of Sumatra, Turkish firman, calendars in Turkish and Arabic, Jewish, Persian, Armenian, Tibetan, and
Indian (Sanskrit) manuscripts,2 as well as fragments of an ancient Egyptian papyrus that will be discussed
in this paper.

All of the manuscripts mentioned above originally belonged to Archive VIII (technically known as Fund
VIII) - the archive and manuscript collection of the Kyiv University of St. Volodymyr. The documents
collected in this archive have a rather different origin. In addition to documents reflecting various areas of
the university’s work, the archive contains the papers and research of number of professors, teachers, and
scientists, as well as historical documents and letters.3 Unfortunately, the data on the origin of the collection
of oriental manuscripts in Archive VIII is scarce. It is known that 19 hand-written documents in oriental
languages were transferred to the University of St. Volodymyr Library from the Kremenetskyi (Volyn)
Lyceum (1805–1832),4 but to date no information has been found concerning the origin of the Egyptian
papyrus fragments or its previous owner or owners.5

Until recently the Odessa Archaeological Museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was
thought to have the only collection of fragments from Egyptian papyri, where six inventory units of
fragmentary papyri, predominantly Books of the Dead, are stored.6 All of these papyri come from the
collection of the Museum of Fine Arts and Antiquities at Novorossiysky (Odessa) University and were
brought from Egypt by Professor A. A. Rafalovich in 1848.7 It is also noteworthy that the work on the
unfolding and restoration of one of these rolls was carried out in the 1930s by the Egyptologist S. V. Donich
from Odessa – the papyrus of OAM no. 52974 which belonged to Paneb (PA-nb), apparently the owner
of the TT 211 at Deir el-Medina dating the 19th Dynasty.8 Other parts of the Paneb roll are currently in
the collection of the State Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg), inventory number DV 1113, and contain
fragments of BD 110, 125, and 168.9

In the inventory of Archive VIII, the fragments under discussion here have inventory number 565/15 and are
recorded as ‘Єгипетські ієрогліфи на папірусі’ (“Egyptian hieroglyphs on papyrus” - Fig. 1). The fragments
are stored in an envelope which also contains a description: ‘Дрібні уривки, витягнуті із єгипетських мумій
в 1825 р. Феликсом Рюннe’(“Small fragments extracted from Egyptian mummies in 1825 by Felix Rünne” -
Fig. 2).

1
I am deeply thankful to Malcolm Mosher for his kind help, suggestions, and assistance in preparing this
essay.
2
Dubrovina and Stepchenko 2015, 90.
3
Dubrovina and Stepchenko 2015, 82-90.
4
See Maslov 1910, 2-3; Myaskova 1998, 294-295; Myaskova 2005, 11, 43-51. The Lyceum was the largest
educational institution on the territory of the Western Ukraine of that time, but the reason for its closure
was the Polish revolt of 1830, which forced Russian authorities to reconsider their educational policy at
these territories (see Myaskova 2005, 43-51).
5
See Savenko 1884, 310-312; Maslov 1910, 2-3; Myaskova 1998, 292-302; Myaskova 2005.
6
See more Tarasenko 2007; 2018; 2018a.
7
Tarasenko 2018, 517.
8
PM 2I, 1, 307, 309; Tarasenko 2007, 213 and 217; 2018, 518-519.
9
Golénischeff 1891, 176-177; see P. St Petersbug 1113+P. Odessa Nr 52974 (http://totenbuch.awk.nrw.de/
objekt/tm134595).
541
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library

Figure 1: Tag for Inv. 565/15.

Figure 2: Tag Mentioning Rünne.

Figure 3: Blank Mummy Bandage.

In addition to the glass frame in which the papyrus was mounted, the same envelope contains a fragment of
a mummy bandage measuring 8.5 × 20 cm that may have belonged to the mummy with which the papyrus
was found (Fig. 3). There are no inscriptions or images on this bandage. It remains uncertain whether this
mummy was discovered in Europe in some ‘anatomical theatre’ or in Egypt (4 years before the expedition
of J.-F. Champollion).10 It is also not known to whom theses artifacts were presented in Kyiv, and when the
specified ‘Felix Rünne’ presented these artifacts. It is interesting to note that the envelope has two ovals
that are most probably postage stamps with an eagle in the centre, and the inscriptions ‘N2’ and ‘6’ to the
left and right of the wings and the caption ‘ANT TOB’ below. Also on the paper in which the bandage is
wrapped is a sign with the image of the coat of arms of the Russian Empire and the signature ‘ТОВ ДИТ.’
Identifying these stamps and marks can help to determine the approximate time when the fragments were
placed in the envelope. Finally, it is extremely important to establish the identity of Felix Rünne himself.11

The person most likely to be identified as the discoverer of the papyrus under study here is one of two
representatives of the aristocratic family, von Rönne, who lived in the 18th and 19th centuries in Lithuania and
bore the name of Felix. These are the Polish-Lithuanian barons Felix von Rönne I (Felix І. Baron von Rönne,
born in 1750) and his second son Felix von Rönne II (Felix II. Baron von Rönne, born in 1797). Both of these
men were known to be educated and philanthropists, but which of them had interest in Egyptian antiquities
remains unknown. It can be assumed that one of these representatives of the von Rönne family donated the
fragments of papyrus and the mummy wrapping to the library of the Kremenetsky (Volyn) Lyceum between
1825 and 1830. It should be emphasized that during this period the Lyceum library received many donations

10
About the widespread ‘fashion’ on the study of mummies (‘mumiemania’) in the 19th century in Europe
see e.g. Brier 1994, 149-173; Ikram and Dodson 1998, 64ff.
11
A thank you to Mark Etienne at the Louvre for sharing his assumptions and helping to solve this problem.
542
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library
from individuals.12 These fragments were later transferred together with other Eastern manuscripts to the
Library of the Kyiv University of St. Volodymyr. However, due to their small sizes and damaged state, they
did not receive special mention in the descriptions of the library’s manuscripts.13

Another aspect relevant to the history of these papyrus fragments is that at the end of the 1930s they must
have been moved to the T. G. Shevchenko Central Historical Museum (CHM) because in the inventory
book of this museum (in Ukrainian), dating from 1938 under Inv. no. AS-13441, one finds ‘рештки папіруса’
(‘papyrus remnants’), and before the latter, under Inv. no. AS-13440, is listed ‘Папіруса копія надрукована
літографським засобом в 1826 р. в Кракові, має 23 розділи’ (‘Papyrus copy printed by lithographic method
in 1826 in Krakow, has 23 sections’).14 In the notes to the aforementioned objects, similar numbers are also
given: “1183; 25” for papyrus fragments and ‘1184; 26’ for the Krakow facsimile edition. It should also be
noted that in the specified archive of the IM VNLU today, fragments of papyrus and the first facsimile
publication of 1826 of the so-called papyrus Sękowski (now in Krakow Archaeological Museum) are listed
with the same inventory number from the old Lyceum - 565/15.15 Apparently these fragments of papyrus
and the very rare Krakow edition of 1826 are the same objects that were listed in the pre-war collection in
the CHM. In this regard, the question remains open as to how and when the specified fragments of papyrus
and the Krakow facsimile edition were transferred from the CHM collection to the IM VLNW.

We now turn to the document itself. The papyrus fragments consist of parts of a Book of the Dead on
papyrus that were mounted in a glass frame measuring 17.5 × 23.5 cm (Figs. 4 and 5 – photo © IM VNLU).
They contain excerpts of text written in hieratic script, as well as small fragments of monochrome vignettes.
Based on these features and the use of the Theban Style 1 for the layout of the document (Mosher 1992 and
Mosher Volume 1, 10-11), it can be reliably dated to the Ptolemaic Period at Thebes.

Fig. 4: Frame with the Fragments (photo © IM VNLU).

12
Myaskova 2005, 47-50.
13
Savenko 1884, 310-312; Maslov 1910, 2-3.
14
Inventory Book no. 7 of the Scythia and Greek colonies of the Black Sea region Department, from No. A.S. 13090
to No. A.S. 13500. Continuation no. AS-2300 – no. AS-23484. Kyiv, 1938. – Scientific archive of archaeological
funds of the National Museum of History of Ukraine (NMHU). I am grateful to Olha Puklina (Kyiv), Head
of the Scientific and Research Department of the Archaeological Funds of the NMHU, for the opportunity
to become acquainted with this document.
15
Andrzejewski 1954, 393-404; Tarasenko 2016, 9; 21, fig. 16-17.
543
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library

Figure 5: Verso of Fragments (photo © IM VNLU).

In total there are 36 fragments, the largest of which measures 5.1 × 3.5 cm, and the smallest – 0.7 × 0.6 cm
(see Appendix). Unfortunately, the name of the owner, a woman, and any title(s) she may have held are
not preserved. Because the fragments are mostly very small, it is not possible to establish what spells were
written on many of them, but several spells have been identified.

Fragments with BD 87, 89, and 90 (Fig. 6)

Fragment #9 Fragment #27

Fragment #29

Figure 6: Vignette and text of BD 87, column on right; text of BD 89, vignette of BD 90 in column on left.

Figure 7: Vignette of BD 87 in P. Louvre N 3079. Figure 8: Vignette of BD 90 in P. Louvre N 3248.

544
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library

BD 87
The title of BD 87 is “Spell for making a shape as a son of the earth” (r n irt xprw m sA-tA), where sA tA refers
to a serpent, but the only part of the text that survives is Dd mdw in from §P (Mosher 2018, Volume 5,
257-258). The surviving portion of the vignette, depicting the sA-tA serpent, above that text in a Style 1
document, however, makes the identification of the text and illustration certain. See Fig. 7 for an example
of the complete illustration (Mosher 2018, Volume 5, 257-258).

BD 89
For BD 89, whose title is “Spell for granting that the ba-soul of a man be united to his corpse in the necropolis”
(r n dmi Htp bA n s r XAt.f m Xrt-nTr), the surviving text comes from the end of §2 and from §3 (Mosher 2018,
Volume 5, 274-277). On the top line of text, the fragment has ///n sf m Htp///, where the full text from §2 for
this passage reads …r Sms r bw Xr.f n sf m Htp… (“in order to follow toward the place it was yesterday, in
peace”).16 On the next line survives ///bA.s XAt.s Htp///, where the text does not match that in any Saite or
Ptolemaic document and seems to represent a scribal error from the passage in §3 mAA.f XAt.f Htp.f (“that he
may see his corpse, that he may be in peace…”), where the scribe of the fragment here mistakenly inserted
bA.s before HAt.s, and note that the feminine suffix pronouns indicate that the deceased was a woman. On
the final line, ///sk.f nn/// is from …saH.f nn sk.f nn Htm.f n Dt Dt (…his mummy, without it perishing, without its
destruction to the body forever”). Part of the head of the deceased under the text of BD 89 is most likely a
part of the vignette for BD 90, assuming BD 90 was next in the sequence and was not omitted.

BD 90
The title for BD 90 is “Spell for giving remembrance to a man in the necropolis” (r n rdi n.s sxA m Xrt-nTr).17 In
Saite and Ptolemaic Books of the Dead, only a single version of the vignette for BD 90 was used, depicting
the deceased, leftward orientation, before the god Thoth, who holds either a papyrus roll or wAs-scepter
(Fig. 8).

Fragments with BD 93 and 99 (Fig. 9)

Fragment #30 Fragment #22

Figure 9: Text of BD 93 in column on right, text of BD 99 in column on left.

BD 93
The title for BD 93 is “Spell for not allowing that a man be ferried to the east in the necropolis” (r n tm rdit
DAi.tw s r iAbtt m Xrt-nTr), and the surviving text occurs in six lines (Mosher 2018 Volume 6, 17-28).
- Line 1: ///nnyw m/// from xpr xt nnyw m HH.f m bibi (“The things of the weary come into being in his millions
by means of the exultant one “) in §1.
- Line 2: ///im.f r wsr/// from wsr.i im.f r wsrw (“I am strong by means of it, more than the strong ones”) in §1.
- Line 3: ///r im.f r DAi wi ir/// from ir DAi wi ir iT wi r iAbtt (“As for one who would ferry me, or one who would

16
See also Quirke 2013, 205.
17
Version 2 in documents from the N3079 Tradition, Mosher 2018, Volume 5, 301.
545
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library
take me to the east”) in §1.
- Line 4-6: ///xt nb Dw m Hb///Hnwty ¢pri am///pwy n Ra DADA/// from ir ir.tw xt nb Dw m Hb sbyw r.i m nwH Hnwty ¢pri
am kA irf Hnn pfy n Ra DADA n Wsir (“as for one would do any evil thing during the festival of the rebels
against me by means of binding the horns of Khepri, then indeed this phallus of Re shall swallow
the head of Osiris”) in §1.
While two versions of this spell were used in Ptolemaic Thebes, not enough survives to indicate which
version was used in these two fragments.

BD 99
Very little survives from BD 99, whose title is “Another Spell for bringing the ferryboat into the necropolis
(ky r n in mXnt m Xrt-nTr), in documents from the pre-Ptolemaic hieratic group plus the documents from the
N3079 and N3089 Traditions (Mosher 2018, Volume 6, 126-136). Of the few surviving lines, two instances of
Ts and then mXnt point to §1 of BD 99, although it is impossible to determine which passages they represent
because several have Ts interspersed with mXnt.

Fragments with BD 110 and 113 (Fig. 10)

BD 113 BD 110

Fragment #14 - BD 110 and BD 113.

Fragments #35 - BD 113.

Fragments #18 (left) and

#16 (right) - BD 113.
Fragments #24 (left) and #12 (right) - BD 113.

Figure 10: Fragments for BD 110 and 113.

BD 110
The surviving text for BD 110 on Fragment #24 is ///swDA///xsbd/// Dd mdw/// from niwt wrt ii.n.i im.s sip.i baH.i
swDA.i wAxw ink kA sDAq m xsbd… and Dd mdw starts the next section of BD 110 (“[O] great city, I have come
from it. I reckon my abundance and I make hale the floodplain. I am a bull, ? with lapis lazuli…”) and
(“words to be spoken…”).18

BD 113
Regarding BD 113 (Fragments #12, #14, #16, #18, #24, and #35), whose title is “Spell for knowing the ba-
souls of Nekhen,” much of the last part of the text survives, and fragments #12, #16, #18, #24, and #35
show that the column was not narrow. The text is that found in documents from the N3079 and N3089
Traditions (Mosher Volume 7, forthcoming). In the transliteration that follows, lost text is within brackets,

The unattested sDAq in Ptolemaic documents is accompanied with a book-roll as determinative. See
18

Quirke 2013, 246 for a New Kingdom text, and Mosher Volume 7 (forthcoming) for Ptolemaic Theban text.
546
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library
while surviving text is outside of brackets, and in the translation surviving text is in bold font also outside
of brackets.

[di.n.i Nxn n ¡r r st] awy.f

[wn.tw Hr Hr irty.f m Nxn]
xrp.tw n.f xnr [imy.sn m Abd-Hb 15-Hb]
Dd in ¡r di.i Hm [¨wA-mwt-f QbH-snw.f Hna.i]
sAw [sn HAt.i pw]
[in wnn.i im Xr is nTr Nxn]
[Dd] in Ra imi [irk sw im Xt stwt]
iry tw n.sn [iryw n imyw Nxn]
[kA XAwt.sn Hna.i r sDm ¤tS nxwiw.f]
[bAw] Nxn iw.i rx.kwi [bAw Nxn]
[¡r pw ¨wA-mwt-f pw QbH-snw.f pw]

[I have given Nekhen to Horus at the place of] his arms, [that the face may be opened about his eyes in
Nekhen.] Directed to him is the confinement [of they who are in the month and the 15-day festivals.]
[Spoken] by Horus: ”I grant [indeed that Duamutef and Qebehsenuef are with me] [Watch over them and
this my body. It is that I exist there, under indeed the god of Nekhen]”
Spoken by Re: “Place, [you, him there under the sun-rays and do you to them what is done to they who
are in Nekhen. Then] their bodies shall be with me in order [to hear Seth and his lamentations.” Souls of]
Nekhen, I know [the bas of Nekhen; it is Horus it is Duamutef, and it is Qebehsenuef].

Fragments with BD 120 and 122 (Fig. 11)

Fragment #28

Fragment #34

Fragment #26

Figure 11: Fragments of BD 120 and 122.

BD 120
The texts of BD 12 and 120, whose titles are “Spell for entering and going forth” (r n aq pr), are similar but
differ in Theban Ptolemaic Books of the Dead. For BD 12, five different versions of the text are known, each
differing in small details. Saite and Memphite Ptolemaic documents used Version 1 consistently, and they
typically did not include BD 120, seemingly to avoid duplication of a spell that had already been used
earlier as BD 12. Theban Ptolemaic documents used one of Versions 2 to 5 for BD 12 and then used Version
1 for BD 120. Thus in Theban Ptolemaic documents both spells differed and redundancy was not an issue
in using both spells. The fact that the text is followed by the vignette of the next spell affirms that the text
in question indeed represents BD 120, not BD 12, because none of the spells in the range of BD 2 through 14
were accompanied by illustrations in any documents.

On Fragment #28 only the last part of the spell survives. On the top line of the fragment is Ra and the start
of fAi from Hr mxAt twy nt Ra fAi.f mAat im.s hrw nb (“about this balance of Re on which he weighs truth every
day”). On the bottom line is di.k iw n.i, where there are three possibilities for what the complete text might
have been:
Option 1: di.k iw.i m nxx (“May you grant I may come as an aged one”);
Option 2: di.k iw n.i nxx (“May you grant that old age may come to me”);
547
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library
Option 3: di.k iw.n.i m nxx, where iw.n.i is likely a scribal error from iw.i.

In this respect it is impossible to determine whether the text in this fragment followed Option 2 or 3,
although where the documents of the N3079 and N3089 Traditions consistently used Option 1, Option 3
seems more likely. See Mosher Volume 7, forthcoming).

BD 122 (“Spell for entering after going forth [r n aq r-sA pr])

While the normal ascending sequence of BD 120-121-122 is found in documents of the Theban-y and the
Later HG Traditions, the sequence in documents from the N3079 and N3089 Traditions is BD 120-122-121
(Mosher Volume 7, forthcoming). Since the text of BD 113 follows that found in documents of the N3079
and N3089 Traditions, it seems probable that the sequence of spells in the range under discussion here is
also that used by these same traditions - BD 120-122-121. Thus, the illustration here should be that of BD
122, although no text survives to confirm this.

Three versions of the vignette for BD 22 have been identified, where Version 1 is found in a variety of
documents, including several from the N3089 Tradition (P. Louvre N 3089, P. Louvre N 3248, and P. Louvre
N 3272), and Version 2 is found in a variety of documents including several from the N3079 Tradition (P.
Louvre N3079 and P. Louvre N 3149). Version 3 consists of two subsets, those with leftward and those with
rightward orientation. Since the illustration on the fragment shows leftward orientation, only the subset
so oriented are possible, and this includes P. Leiden T16 from the N3079 Group. Because the use of version
is inconsistent by tradition, it is impossible to be certain which version the original illustration on the
fragment followed; it could be any of the three. See Mosher Volume 7, forthcoming.

Fig. 12: Vignette of BD 122 in Fig. 13: Vignette of BD 122 in Fig. 14: Vignette of BD 122 in
P. Louvre N 3079. P. Louvre N 3248. P. Leiden T16.

Final Comments
With regard to the construction of the document, Fig. 6, Fragment #27 preserves where two sheets of
papyrus were joined together. Fig. 9, Fragment #30 preserves faint vertical lines found in many Theban
hieratic Style 1 documents that were used to outline the columns of text, although on Fig. 10, Fragment #14
only part of the vertical tracing survives, suggesting that not all columns were marked by this technique.
The illustrations are monochrome consisting of black pigment, and on Fragment #11 one can see that the
arms are those for the typical stick-like figures found on Theban Ptolemaic documents from the first half of
3rd century. Based on the surviving fragments, it is difficult to say if the document contained the normal
compliment of spells found in most documents from the N3079 and N3089 Traditions, or whether many
spells were omitted because the papyrus roll was of short length. Based on these traditions, a date from the
first half of the 3rd century seems likely.

Appendix

The Book of the Dead Fragments IM VNLU F. VIII, no. 565/15

No. Recto Size (cm) Comments

1 0,5 × 0,5 Not identified

548
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library

2 1,2 × 0,5 Not identified

3 1 × 0,4 Not identified

4 1 × 0,6 Fragment of a vignette: part of the face

and palms of the hands (posture of
worship), connects with fragment no. 25

5 0,7 × 0,6 Not identified

6 1 × 0,3 Not identified

7 1,4 × 1 Not identified

8 1,2 × 0,3 Not identified

549
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library

9 1,2 × 1,4 Fragment of BD 89 text, connects with

fragment no. 27

10 1 × 0,8 Not identified

11 1,4 × 0,3 Fragment of a vignette depicting

standing figure (of a deity?) facing right

12 2 × 1,5 Fragment of BD 113 text, connects with the

fragments nos. 24 and 35

13 1 × 0,6 Not identified

14 3,5 × 3,2 Fragment of text of BD 110 (right column)

and text of BD 113 (left column)

550
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library

15 2,7 × 1,5 Not identified. On the side verso could be

the imposition of two
fragments. Having no possibility to
separate these fragments I give them one
number

verso
16 2,4 × 1,5 Fragment of BD 113 text, connects with
fragment no. 18.
Under the side verso fixed one more very
small fragment. The fragments go under
one number

verso

17 1 × 0,5 Not identified

551
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library

18 1,9 × 1,2 Fragment of BD 113 text, connects with

fragment no. 16

19 2 × 0,5 Not identified

20 1×1 Fragment of a vignette depicting the head

in a long female wig, facing left

21 1 × 0,8 Not identified

22 1,5 × 1 Fragment of BD 93 text, connects with

fragment no. 30

23 1,8 × 0,8 Fragment of a vignette with the image of a

baboon’s head, facing right

552
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library

24 2 × 0,7 Fragment of BD 113 text, connects with the

fragments nos. 12
and 36

25 1,3 × 1 Fragment of a vignette with a head in a

long female wig, facing left, connects with
fragment no. 4

26 1 × 0,6 Fragment of the BD 122 (?) vignette, with

the image of an apron, connects with the
fragments nos. 28 and 34

27 3,5 × 3,6 Fragment with the text of BD 87 and

89 and the vignettes of BD 87 and 90,
connects with fragments nos. 29 and 9

28 3,5 × 2,2 Fragment with the vignette of BD 122 (?)

showing the image of a figure in a long
female wig facing left, connects with the
fragments nos. 26 and 34

553
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library

29 1,3 × 0,5 Fragment with text and vignette of

Chapter 87,
connects with fragment no. 27

30 5,1 × 3,5 Fragment with the text of Chapters 93 and

99, connects with fragment no. 22

31 0,9 × 0,5 Not identified (fragment of a vignette?)

32 0,8 × 0,7 Not identified

33 1,2 × 0,5 Not identified

34 0,7 × 0,5 Fragment of the vignette of Chapter 122

(?) with the image of a piece of clothing,
connects with fragment no. 28

35 1,5 × 0,7 Fragment of text of BD 113

36 1 × 0,4 Not identified

554
BD Fragments in the Vernadsky National Library
Bibliography

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Brier, B. 1994. Egyptian Mummies. Unravelling the Secrets of Ancient Art. New York.
Dubrovina, L. A. and Stepchenko, O. P. 2015. Arkhiv ta zibrannya rukopysiv universytetu Svyatoho
Volodymyra. Dubrovina L. A. (ed.) Arkhivy, kolektsiyi ta zibrannya derzhavnykh, hromads”kykh ta relihiynykh
ustanov u fondakh Instytutu rukopysu Natsional”noyi biblioteky Ukrayiny imeni V. I. Vernads’koho: putivnyk,
Kyiv, 82-90. (In Ukrainian).
Golénischeff, W. 1891. Eremitage Impérial. Inventaire de la collection égyptienne. St.-Petersburg and Leipzig.
Ikram, S. and Dodson, A. 1998. The Mummy in Ancient Egypt. Equipping the Dead for Eternity. London.
Maslov, S. I. 1910. Obzor rukopisej biblioteki Imperatorskogo Universiteta Sv. Vladimira. Kiev. (In Russian).
Mosher, M. 1992, Theban and Memphite Book of the Dead Traditions in the Late Period. Journal of the
American Research Center in Egypt 29, 143-172.
Mosher, M. 2016. The Book of the Dead, Saite through Ptolemaic Periods. A Study of Traditions Evident in
Versions of Texts and Vignettes. Vol. 1 (BD Spells 1–15). Prescott (Arizona).
Mosher, M. 2018. The Book of the Dead, Saite through Ptolemaic Periods. A Study of Traditions Evident in
Versions of Texts and Vignettes. Vol. 5 (BD Spells 78–92). Prescott (Arizona).
Mosher, M. 2018. The Book of the Dead, Saite through Ptolemaic Periods. A Study of Traditions Evident in
Versions of Texts and Vignettes. Vol. 6 (BD Spells 93–109). Prescott (Arizona).
Myaskova, T. Ye. 1998. Zasnuvannya ta komplektuvannya Biblioteky Universytetu sv. Volodymyra (1834–
1841). Rukopysna ta knyzhkova spadshchyna Ukrayiny 4, 292-302. (In Ukrainian).
Myaskova, T. Ye. 2005. Biblioteka Imperators’koho universytetu Sv. Volodymyra: z istoriyi komplektuvannya
(1834–1927 rr.). Kyiv. (In Ukrainian).
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Paintings; assisted by E. W. Butney, 2nd Edition, Vol. I: The Theban Necropolis; Parts 1 and 2. Oxford,
1970.
Quirke, S. 2013. Going out in Daylight, prt m hrw, the Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead. Translation, sources,
meanings, GHP Egyptology 20, London.
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statisticheskiye zapiski ob uchenykh i uchebno-vospitatel’nykh uchrezhdeniyakh Imperatorskogo Universiteta Sv.
Vladimira: 1834–1884. Kiev, 309-334. (In Russian).
Tarasenko, N. A. 2007. Egipetskiye papirusy Odesskogo arkheologicheskogo muzeya NAN Ukrainy:
istoriya, issledovaniye i perspektivy rekonstruktsii. 1-ya Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya
konferentsiya “Issledovaniye, konservatsiya i restavratsiya rukopisnykh i pechatnykh pamyatnikov Vostoka”. 17–19
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Tarasenko, M. 2016. Nevidomi fotohrafiyi davn’oyehypets’koho papirusu z biblioteky O. Branyts’koho
(IR NBUV, F. XXIV, № 2702). Rukopysna ta knyzhkova spadshchyna Ukrayiny 20, 3–21. (In Ukrainian).
Tarasenko, N.. 2018. Fragmenty drevneyegipetskoy Knigi mertvykh v Ukraine. Nemchenko, І. V. (ed.),
Starodavne Prichornomor’ya XIІ. Odesa, 517-524. (In Russian).
Tarasenko, N. 2018a. Fragmenty drevneyegipetskoy Knigi mertvykh v sobranii Instituta rukopisi NBUV
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