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SUMMARY
1 CIRCUIT GROUP......................................................................................... 4
1.1 Circuit group materialisation ................................................................ 4
1.2 Free Circuit Selection Principle ............................................................ 6
1.2.1 Selecting a Circuit Managed by CAS Signalling...................... 6
1.3 Circuit group characteristics............................................................... 10
1.4 Circuit Directionalization Managed by ITU7 Signalling....................... 24
1.4.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 24
1.4.2 Operating Principle................................................................ 24
1.5 MMC Functions.................................................................................. 28
1.5.1 Circuit Group Management ................................................... 28
1 CIRCUIT GROUP
A group of telephone circuits comprises at least one circuit of the same type. A
circuit group is used to connect an exchange to another exchange.
It is materialised by the functional addresses of the circuits that comprise it and its
own characteristics set by the operator command parameters entered.
A section is a set of circuits (in a group), that belong to the same module (SMT -
URM) and have consecutive functional addresses (time interval TS1 in PCMi is
consecutive to TS31 in PCMi-1).
A circuit group cannot comprise more than 15 groups, the partitioning of a circuit
group into sections is performed automatically by the OM and cannot be
accessed by the operator.
NOTES
To set up a telephone call, the number received is analysed to obtain the routing
information required for the call, especially the circuit group to be used. In this
group, only one is selected for the call.
Selecting a circuit consists in finding a circuit that is available for an outgoing call
on the circuit group designated by the translation function.
The translator (TR) has a pointer file that designates the section to be addressed
when the next call occurs, set by a traffic distribution law defined by the operator.
NOTES
The translator (TR) has a file of circuit groups, where the number of the telephone
link for the designated circuit group can be found.
The CC sends a message to the PUPE, to find a free CIC circuit, using a search
law defined by the operator.
LOI = 3 The controlling exchange takes even numbered CICs in random order,
Note : The maximum number of circuit groups used for a telephone link is 16
(8 circuit groups for France).
NOTES
GENR = E : Incoming.
GENR = S : Outgoing.
SG : Parameter that characterises the signalling code used for all group
circuits (see Appendix and CTA=VSGn).
INDR : Code to place in front of the dialling information received prior to the
translation phase.
INDT : Code associated with a charged circuit group, for example on the
incoming group on a DDI system or on an outgoing group for detailed
billing messages.
NOTES
NOTES
CIC : Circuit identification code (1 < CIC < 4095), to a given signalling
point.
NOTES
NOTES
These three categories (CACn, CAXn and ZTXn) are only authorised in VN6
operating mode or in VN5/VN6 transitory mode. They are only used for incoming
or bothway circuit groups.
NOTES
This information is used to execute some switching operations that are specific to
the trunk offering service. It is also used for incoming calls to create indexing that
will be superimposed on the routing category. It may be used for outgoing calls,
to check that the trunk offer transmission signal request made by an operator can
be accepted for this outgoing circuit group (because of the signalling).
NOTES
COB : Mark indicating that at least one circuit in the group is observed
FDS : Circuit group that is a source and observed for observation of call
dispersion at the destination (OFDLA)
7) Circuit characteristics
TYC=Jx Ly Ez
NOTES
1.4.1 Introduction
The service provided to operators must ensure that they can protect themselves
from traffic imbalances on both-way circuit groups operated using ITU7 signalling
and thereby ensure that a minimum number of incoming circuits are always
available, even in a circuit group that is overloaded in the outgoing direction.
Examples:
• Modifying traffic flows during the winter season for ski resorts.
Setting the direction of a circuit group consists in locally limiting the number of
circuits taken for outgoing traffic to ensure that a minimum level of incoming traffic
can always be processed.
The percentage of circuits for which a direction should be set for a given circuit
group, must be applied to the available equipped circuits.
NCD = P x (N - I).
EX N = 45 I = 30 P = 95
NOTES
NOTES
NOTES
NOTES
2.3 Hypsometer
Depending on whether or not the exchange controls the test (is the test origin or
simply receives the test call), the test equipment is referred to as the source
hypsometer or the destination hypsometer.
Source hypsometer
Destination hypsometer
This comprises a frequency receiver located in the ETA (SMA in OCB283) in the
destination exchange and enables detection of test frequencies received and
measures their level.
NOTES
MR TR MR TR
2 7 5 7
@CIRDEM:
OM 1
@AFCT=_-_-_;
Circuit OK 8
NOTES
TEST OK
STP MISSING:
Proceed to send signal is missing (for channel-by-channel signalling only).
TRANSMISSION ERROR:
Error during signalling exchange (for channel-by-channel signalling only).
DEST. TEST DEV. CONGEST. OR BUSY:
The destination test device is congested or busy (for channel-by-channel
signalling only).
NO RESPONSE FROM DISTANT DEST. TEST DEV:
No response from the remote hypsometer (for channel-by-channel signalling
only).
RESULT EXCEEDS TOLERANCE:
The test frequency attenuation is too high. No response by the end of the time-out
or reception exceeds tolerance.
DEST. TEST DEV. NOT RELEASED:
The remote hypsometer was not released (for channel-by-channel signalling
only).
PREMATURE RESPONSE:
No response from the end of selection signal (for channel-by-channel signalling
only).
AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE ERROR:
The exchange hypsometer has generated an error.
CIRCUIT BUSY:
Circuit busy with a call.
ILLEGAL CIRCUIT:
The test is illegal : incoming or both-way circuit (non controlling exchange).
Circuit in an illegal status.
LISTENING DEVICE BUSY:
The listening device is busy.
TEST DEVICE BUSY:
The source hypsometer is not available.
IES CIRCUIT GROUP:
Systematic testing is illegal on this group.
INCORRECT TF PRESENT:
A test frequency that exceeds tolerance is present (ITU7 signalling only).
NOTES
These tests are used to validate the transmission media and the switching
equipment located at each end, without requiring any specific procedures or
equipment in the remote exchange.
The fast circuit tests are carried out on circuits on which standard tests are not
possible, for example on international circuit groups, DDIs and when the remote
exchanges do not have test equipment.
For some very simple signalling codes, only the full setting-up of a call enables
complete link validation. Therefore two types of fast tests are provided :
1) Simplified tests
These comprise a minimum signalling sequence used to validate the link. This
test checks the reception of the proceed to send signal after transmission of
the seizure signal, and correct completion of the circuit release procedure.
The full duration of the test from the seizure signal transmission, is limited by a
time-out. Its duration, expressed in seconds, is reset in the record for the
circuit tests corresponding to the fast simplified tests.
2) Full test
These comprise a call sequence to a remote robot or test device. The test
comprises a responder call phase, followed by detection of the response signal
and a conversation phase. The duration of the latter phase is limited by a time-
out linked to this type of test. On time-out, the outgoing circuit is released.
NOTES
2.5 Psophometer
The circuit group must be authorized to use a psophometer to measure the noise
level for test purposes (CAT=AUB).
• sending the loop frequency (2000 Hz) from the source exchange,
The frequencies exchanged are 2000 Hz for the controlling exchange and
1780 Hz for the non controlling exchange.
NOTES
3 SIGNALLING NETWORK
The signalling network is a computer signalling network system that provides fast
and reliable transport for signalling data required for the operation of a number of
user services, including the telephone service.
At the national level, the A1000E10 has to handle the traffic of several
independent networks. Each of them is belonging to a specific national network
characterised by the "network indicator".
Locally each network is independent. Every network has is own and specific
signalling link sets (FSM) and signalling data links (COC).
The relation between the two networks is called the "telephone relation".
NOTES
A telephone relation comprises one ore more signalling link sets (up to a
maximum of 4). Each set comprises 1 to 16 COC signalling channels (for all four
groups, the maximum number of COC channels is 16).
NOTES
The telephone relations between two exchanges transit via one or two STPs
(Signalling Transfer Points).
PTS
COC COC
COC COC
PTS
NOTES
The signalling point is a signalling network node that ensures transmission and
reception of signalling messages. In reception, the analysis of the message
header determines whether the message:
Two adjacent signalling points are two signalling points that are directly
connected by one or more signalling channels.
NOTES
Signalling route
The signalling route is the predetermined path represented by the organized list
of successive signalling points that will be transited by signalling messages sent
by a signalling point and destined for another specific signalling point.
Network security
Traffic load sharing is also performed on all signalling link sets (FSM’s) of a given
signalling relation between two adjacent SPs as well as along the various existing
routes between two SPs.
NOTES
3.2.1 Introduction
The translation function analyses the routing label of a message and according to
a load sharing law (LOI), determines from the analysis, the routing, the circuit
group and finally the channel to use for carrying the frame.
Routing label
A routing label is the part of the message label that is used to route the message
on the signalling network. It comprises :
Each telephone circuit is assigned a circuit identification code (CIC). The four
LSBs of the CIC code are used to determine a signalling channel selection code
(SCS).
Examples :
NOTES
ABPQMCDU
PRE-ANALYSIS
TRADz
IND IND
ACH
TYPE=1
NFSC
Signalling translation
SG=C7
PS = X PS=X
13 3 0
COC 0 COC 15
dialogue signalling
NOTES
The signalling analysis is associated with a destination signalling point (the end
of the CIC group). It gives the routing characteristics for messages destined for
this SP.
The ACCE represents the accessibility of the signalling link sets that are part of
the routing (ACF0 to ACF3).
• R : The restricted transfer has been requested for the set (reception
of a TRO on a COC of NFSM).
NOTES
PTS PTS
NFSM0
NFSM2
PSx PSx
NFSM1
NFSM3
PTS PTS
EMERGENCY
ROUTE
Accessibility of the group Accessibility of the group
in position 0 for the ASM in position 3 for the ASM
NOTES
Group 2 is : « A » TRO
TIO
PS x
SPx diverts its signalling traffic destined for PS y
SPy to group 2
Group 2
PTS
Group 2 is : « A » TRO
PS x
SPx diverts its signalling traffic destined for PS y
SPy to group 2
Group 2
PTS
Group 2 is : « A »
TRO TRO
SPx diverts its signalling traffic destined for PS x
PS y
SPy to group 2
Group 2
If group 2 goes « H », all traffic returns to PTS
group1
NOTES
A signalling route is a set of signalling link sets that use the same data rate and
error correction methods and that may be used to route traffic to a given SP.
A routing comprises :
• a traffic distribution law associated with the SCS, giving a group rank
(RANF).
The elements in the same law represent the position of the groups in a signalling
routing or signalling channels in a group.
A law is given as a "16 x n" matrix where n is a parameter of the law (n = number
of elements processed by the law, n ≤ 16). A "16 x n" law can process less than
n elements.
NOTES
A signalling link set is a set of signalling channels that have the same data rate,
that use the same error correcting methods and are connected to the same
adjacent SP.
• a traffic distribution law associated with the SCS. It gives the rank of a
channel within a group (RANC),
Error correction
This method cannot apply to long transmission durations (such as when using
satellite links).
NOTES
The signalling channel code is the number of the signalling channel (0 to 15)
relative to an adjacent SP.
• the level 1 element, the signalling data link (SLD). This represents the
physical medium (TS to adjacent SP),
For defensive reasons, the operator distributes the channels of a group among
different TSVs. The COC - TSV - VTSV link given when the operator command
was entered does not vary over time and two COC codes belonging to the same
group assigned to two different TSV terminals will never be used by the same
TSM terminal.
NOTES
- An activity component:
NAFF : Channel not assigned to a signalling group (channel does not
exist).
NCNT : Channel not connected (SLD - signalling terminal connection not
set up).
The data link is physically interrupted.
INAC : Inactive channel (failed).
INIT : The data link is being aligned (initialization).
ACTI : Active channel (data link in service).
- A blocking component:
NBLO : Channel not blocked (no blocking in progress).
BLOM : Channel blocked manually (locally blocked by the operator).
BLOS : Channel blocked by the system (error condition).
BLOD : Channel blocked by the remote signalling point.
BLOT : Channel blocked manually, locally by the operator and by the
remote SP (BLOM + BLOD).
- An inhibition component:
INHL : Local inhibition
NINH : No inhibition
INHD : Distant inhibition
INHT : Total inhibition
NOTES
The signalling data link is the both-way transmission path used for signalling and
which comprises two data channels operating simultaneously in opposite
directions at the same binary data rate.
The signalling data link between two E10 exchanges has a 64-Kbps data rate.
On a PCM digital link, the signalling data link occupies a time slot (TS) in the
range 1 to 31, except if at least one of the circuits carried by the PCM link is
controlled using channel associated signalling, inhibiting the use of TS 16 as the
medium for the SDL link.
In normal operation, the SDL link must be permanently set up between the two
signalling terminals using semi-permanent connections.
• outputting the ITU7 channels handled by each ML PUPE and the groups
that are not processed. This case occurs in the event of a double failure.
NOTES
3.3.1 Introduction
SP SEQUENCE
SIGNALLING CHANNEL
NOTES
• for the local network, the system checks that the CSN no
longer exists,
• for the national network, the system checks that there are no
more telephone relations with this SP.
NOTES
The system checks compatibility between the law and the number
of sets, taking into account the availabilities left in the list of sets.
NOTES
The system performs the connection between the data link (SDL)
and the channel selected from the virtual signalling terminal
(TSV). The channel thus added is set to INAC+BLOM or
NCNT+BLOM states.
NOTES
• channel activation,
• channel de-activation,
• channel blocking,
• channel unblocking.
NOTES
• for each SCS, a list in falling priority level of the ranks of the
entities that the law can apply to (entities: signalling channels
and link sets).
NOTES