CCVP Prep: Cisco IP Telephony Essentials: BRKCRT-2201

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14369_04_2008_c1 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
CCVP Prep: Cisco IP

Telephony Essentials
BRKCRT-2201
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© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1

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Session Goals
1. Cisco Certified Voice Professional

2. To grasp the “big picture” behind VoIP
3. To deliver key concepts and configurations related to
the current CVOICE certification exam
Exam Tip!
4. To demonstrate on live equipment the methods used

to configure a working VoIP network
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Disclaimer
This Session Will Strictly Adhere to Cisco’s Rules
of Confidentiality
We may not be able to address your specific question
If you have taken the exam please refrain from asking
questions from the exam
We will be available after the session to direct you to
resources to assist with specific questions or to provide
clarification
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Cisco Certified Voice Professional
“Earning a CCVP certification validates a robust set of

skills in implementing, operating, configuring, and
troubleshooting a converged IP network. The
certification content focuses on Cisco Systems
CallManager, quality of service (QoS), gateways,
gatekeepers, IP phones, voice applications, and utilities
on Cisco routers and Cisco Catalyst switches.”
642-432 CVOICE
642-444 CIPT 4.X (Windows)/642-445 CIPT 5.X (Linux)
642-642 QoS
642-425 IPTT (Retiring 10.2.2007)/642-426 TUC
642-453 GW/GK
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Exam Topics 642-432
Describe the similarities and differences between

legacy TDM and VoIP
Configure a router so that a basic IP Telephony call can
be completed
Troubleshoot a basic IP telephony configuration
Successfully integrate a basic IP telephony network into
the existing PSTN network
Describe the basic operation and components involved
in a VoIP call
Successfully connect a basic VoIP network to the PSTN
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Exam Format
Test Practical Implementation Skills of VoIP
Question formats
Declarative
Procedural
Complex procedural (simulation)
Drag and drop
Avoided question formats

“Trick questions”
Version dependencies
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Exam Format—Declarative
A Declarative Exam Item Tests Simple Recall of
Pertinent Facts:
What is the optimal end-to-end delay that should be achieved in
a VoIP network?
1. 20 ms
2. 100 ms
3. 150 ms
4. 400 ms
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Exam Format—Procedural
A Procedural Exam Item Tests the Ability to Apply
Knowledge to Solve a Given Issue:
You are the network technician at Widgets Inc. Your newly appointed
trainee wants to know what the connection tie-line command
emulates. What will your reply be?
1. A temporary connection to a PBX.

2. A permanent connection to a PBX.
3. A temporary connection to the PSTN.
4. A permanent connection to the PSTN.
5. A permanent connection to the network.
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Exam Format—Complex Procedural

A Complex Procedural Exam Item Tests the Ability
to Apply Multiple Knowledge Points to Solve a
Given Issue:
Configure POTS and VoIP dial-peers to ensure the
analog phone can reach the PSTN. The phone number
of the analog phone connected to port 1/0/0
is 4805980111.
Router Router
POTS
Analog Phone
Workstation
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Exam Format—Drag and Drop
Click and drag the dial peer to the phone number it would match.
Answers may be used more than once or may not be used at all.
dial-peer voice 5 pots
destination-pattern .T 5551 Place Here
port 1/0/0

destination-pattern 555[1-2].. 5551199 Place Here
port 1/0/1

destination-pattern 5551 555121 Place Here
port 1/0/2

destination-pattern 545118. 5451181 Place Here
port 1/0/3
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Outline
The Vision and Benefits of VoIP

The Phases of VoIP Growth
Centralized and Decentralized Call Management
Dial-Peer Concepts and Configuration
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IP Telephony: The Vision
What networks look like today

Why an organization would use IP Telephony
What it takes to move to IP Telephony
Phase One Migration
Phase Two Migration
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Networks Today
Separate networks for voice, video, and data applications

Difficult to integrate applications
Voice network not designed to handle data+voice+video demands
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Converged Networks
By combining all communication methods into a single

network infrastructure, INSANELY cool things are
possible
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Why an Organization Would Use

IP Telephony
Hard Cost Savings
Moves/Adds/Changes to the phone system
Reduced wiring in new buildings
Reduced expenses for telecommuters/branch offices
IT staff consolidation
Free long distance (Toll Bypass)
Application consolidation
Lower transmission Costs
Soft Cost Savings
Single inbox for messages (voicemail/fax/email)
Extension mobility (saves office space)
Internet Website integration into phone system (customers love it)
Open architecture (invites multi-vendor integrations)
Exam Tip!
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Phase One IP Telephony Migration
Digital Digital
Phones Phones
WAN
PBX PBX
PBX and digital telephones still in place

Calls routed over the IP WAN rather than PSTN
Major benefit: free long distance
Major requirement: Quality of Service (QoS) in place
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Phase Two IP Telephony Migration
Cisco Cisco
IP Phone CallManager CallManager IP Phone
WAN
IP Phone IP Phone
Softphone Softphone
Voice and Data network merged

PBX and digital phones sold on Ebay
New applications can now integrate into voice network
Most newly constructed structures move directly to this phase
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Cisco’s Strategy
Voice
Cisco Unified
Communications
Video
Data
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Understanding Packet Telephony
Centralized vs. decentralized call control

Packet telephony components
Digital vs. analog connections
IP telephony call types
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Distributed Call Control
Exam Tip!
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Centralized Call Control

Exam Tip!
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Packet Telephony Components
Digital
Phones
CallManager PSTN PBX
IP Phone
Voice-Enabled
Switch
WAN
Voice-Enabled Voice-Enabled
Gateway Gateway
IP Phone
PC
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VIC Cards: Analog Connections
Most mainline Cisco routers (1800/2800/3800) now

support Voice Interface Cards (VICs) which allow for a
variety of analog voice connections
Analog connections support a single call for each
voice port
There are three categories of analog voice ports:
Foreign Exchange Station (FXS)
Foreign Exchange Office (FXO)
Ear and Mouth (E&M)
Cisco VIC-2FXS
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Analog Connections: FXS
FXS
Analog
Phone
FXS Fax
Modem
FXS
Provides a direct connection to an analog phone, fax

machine, or similar device Exam Tip!
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Analog Connections: FXO

FXO Station Interface
PBX
FXO Telco CO
Allows an analog connection to be directed to the PSTN

or station interface of a PBX
Exam Tip!
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Analog Connections: E and M
E&M Trunk Interface
PBX
Provides a trunk connection to a PBX
Exam Tip!
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How Far Will Those FXS Ports Go?

A single FXS Port will go a distance of
3,200 feet
A single FXS Port can power a loop of
up to 8 analog devices (in a home,
for example)
The total distance of an FXS connection
diminishes the more phones you attach
to the port
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Digital Voice Ports
T1
Central
Office
Typically used in corporate environments with high

volume requirements
Options of T1/E1 (CAS/CCS) and BRI
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The New All-in-One Module: VWICs

Traditional T1 WIC cards are
designed for data and are
unable to communicate with
legacy voice networks
The VWIC T1 module allows
you to connect to both data
and voice networks
Cisco VWIC-2MF-T1/E1
Exam Tip!
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Installing Voice Ports
Installing voice ports require NM-1V/NM-2V network modules +

VIC cards
Some 17xx and ISR series routers have built-in VIC slots, but
require Packet Voice DSP Module (PVDM)
Exam Tip!
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Local Calls
Exam Tip!
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On-Net Calls
Exam Tip!
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Off-Net Calls
Exam Tip!
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Private Line Automatic Ringdown
(AKA Batphone)
Exam Tip!
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On-Net to Off-Net Calls
Exam Tip!
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The Configuration Dividing Line
Breath deep. You are about to enter a whole new world

of configurations
Get your pens ready!
Configuration breakdown:
FXS/FXO physical port configuration
Dial-Peer basic concepts and
configuration
Digital T1/PRI physical port
configuration
Dial-Peer advanced concepts
and configuration
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FXS Port Configuration

Exam Tip!
FXS
1/0/0
Analog
Phone
Router# configure terminal

Router(config)# voice-port 1/0/0
Router(config-voiceport)# description Phone on the dock of a bay
Router(config-voiceport)# signal loop-start
Router(config-voiceport)# cptone GB
Router(config-voiceport)# end
Router#
Foundation FXS port configuration

Physical PORT configuration mode only assigns aspects that
affect the physical port itself, NOT dial-plan information
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FXS Command Reference
Router(config-voiceport)# signal <ground-start | loop-start>
Sets the signaling type; most often loop-start (default) for

analog phones, ground-start for PBX-to-PBX connections
Router(config-voiceport)# cptone <locale>
Defines the detection of call-progress tones generated at the

local interface
Router(config-voiceport)# ring frequency <25 | 50>
Configures ring frequency (in hertz for OLD analog phone

handsets. If incorrect, handset may not ring (or will buzz
instead of ring)
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FXS Command Reference (Cont.)

Router(config-voiceport)# ring cadence <pattern | define>
Defines length of ringing voltage. Default to North America.

Is automatically set by cptone command
Router(config-voiceport)# busyout
Gives you the ability to busy out a port
Router(config-voiceport)# station id name <15_character_name>

Router(config-voiceport)# station id number <15_character_number>
Configures caller-id information for FXS port (may be

overridden by FXO port configuration)
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FXO Port Configuration
Exam Tip!
FXO
PSTN
1/0/0

Router(config)# voice port 1/0/0
Router(config-voiceport)# description Backup PSTN Connection
Router(config-voiceport)# dial-type dtmf
Router(config-voiceport)# ring number 1
Router(config-voiceport)# end
Router#
Foundation FXO port configuration

Physical PORT configuration mode only assigns aspects that
affect the physical port itself, NOT dial-plan information
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FXO Command Reference

Router(config-voiceport)# dial-type <dtmf | pulse>
Chooses appropriate dial-type for outbound calls
Router(config-voiceport)# signal <ground-start | loop-start>
Sets the signaling type; most often loop-start (default) for

analog phones, ground-start for PBX connections
Router(config-voiceport)# cptone <locale>
Defines the detection of call-progress tones generated at

the local interface
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FXO Command Reference (Cont.)
Router(config-voiceport)# ring number <number>
Number of rings before incoming call is answered by the router
Router(config-voiceport)# busyout
Gives you the ability to busy out a port
Router(config-voiceport)# station id name <15_character_name>

Router(config-voiceport)# station id number <15_character_number>
Configures caller-id information for FXO port (overrides FXS port

configuration)
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Dial Peers: The Routing Table for Voice

Provide the logical configuration
and connections for voice ports
Used to create a “routing table”
for voice calls
Can be POTS when connecting
to traditional PSTN connections
(such as FXS/FXO ports) or
VoIP when connecting to a
packet network
Exam Tip!
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POTS Dial Peer Configuration
Exam Tip!
FXS
1/0/1
x1111

Router(config)# dial-peer voice 1 pots
Router(config-dialpeer)# destination-pattern 1111
Router(config-dialpeer)# port 1/0/1
Similar to creating a static route for extension 1111

Destination-pattern command configures the telephone number
Port command associates the physical port with the
logical extension
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VoIP Dial Peer Configuration
10.1.1.1/30
FXS FXS
10.1.1.2/30
x1111 R4 R5 x2222
R4# configure terminal

R4(config)# dial-peer voice 2 voip
R4(config-dialpeer)# destination-pattern 2222
R4(config-dialpeer)# session target ipv4:10.1.1.2
R5# configure terminal

R5(config)# dial-peer voice 2 voip
R5(config-dialpeer)# destination-pattern 1111
R5(config-dialpeer)# session target ipv4:10.1.1.1
When destination-pattern is matched, router immediately forwards

the call (no further digits are collected)
Exam Tip!
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Configuring Digital Interfaces
T1/E1 CAS Port Configurations

T1/E1 CCS Port Configurations
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Digital T1 CAS Physical

Port Configuration
Step 1: Specify Framing, Linecode, and Timing

Router(config)# controller t1 1/0
Router(config-controller)# framing < sf / esf >
Router(config-controller)# linecode < b8zs / ami > Exam Tip!
Router(config-controller)# clock source < internal / line >
Framing and Linecode are specified by the service

provider
Timing can be either internal if your router is providing
the clocking, or line if it is receiving the clock rate from
an external source
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Digital T1 CAS Physical
Port Configuration
Step 2: Create ds0-group
Router(config-controller)# ds0-group <number> timeslots <1-24> type <signaling>
Ds0-group number is locally significant, timeslots must match timeslots

in use
Signaling must match between end devices
E&M signaling types typically connect to PBX trunk lines & telco equipment
FXS signaling types typically connect to PBX equipment
FXO signaling types typically connect to the C
Once you have created the ds0-group, the router will create a voice port
using the ds0-group number you have chosen. For example:
T1 1/0, ds0-group 5 becomes voice port 1/0:5
T1 2/1, ds0-group 1 becomes voice port 2/1:1
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T1 CAS Configuration Example
T1 1/0
PSTN

Router(config-controller)# ds0-group 1 timeslots 1-24 type fxo-loop-start
Router(config-controller)# framing esf
Router(config-controller)# linecode b8zs
Router(config-controller)# clock source line
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T1 CCS (ISDN PRI) Configuration
T1
1/0

Router(config)# isdn switch-type primary-qsig
Router(config-controller)# pri-group 1 timeslots 1-24
Router(config-controller)# exit
Router(config)# interface serial 1/0:23
Router(config-if)# isdn incoming-voice voice
PBXs are commonly equipped with a PRI interface

Most Cisco T1 interfaces can double as an ISDN PRI interface
ISDN PRI D-channel is always channel 23 (T1) or 15 (E1)
Exam Tip!
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Dial-Peer Destination Patterns…Let’s

Step it Up!
(Optional) Indicates an E.164

Plus (+)
standard number
Comma (,) Inserts a pause between digits
Period (.) Matches any single digit
Brackets ( [ ] ) Indicates a range of numbers
Allows a variable-length dial

T
string
Exam Tip!
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Destination Pattern Examples
Matches one telephone

5551212
number exactly, 5551212
Matches a seven-digit
telephone number where the
first three digits are 555, the
555[5-9]…
fourth digit can be 5, 6, 7, 8, or
9, and the last three digits can
be any valid digit
Matches any telephone
number where the first digit is
9T
9. T wildcard can vary in length
from 0 to 32 digits total
Exam Tip!
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A Few More Destination

Pattern Examples
555[14-6]…
555121[^135]
[1-79]..[^1]5
Exam Tip!
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Practice Question
destination-pattern .T 5551 Place Here
port 1/0/0

port 1/0/1

port 1/0/2

port 1/0/3
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Practice Question
dial-peer voice 5 pots dial-peer voice 7 pots
destination-pattern .T 5551 Place Here 5551
destination-pattern
port 1/0/0 port 1/0/2

port 1/0/1

port 1/0/2

port 1/0/3
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Practice Question
destination-pattern
port 1/0/0 port 1/0/2

destination-pattern 555[1-2].. 5551199 Place Here 5551
destination-pattern
port 1/0/1 port 1/0/2

port 1/0/2

port 1/0/3
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Practice Question
destination-pattern
port 1/0/0 port 1/0/2

destination-pattern
port 1/0/1 port 1/0/2

destination-pattern 5551 555121 Place Here 5551
destination-pattern
port 1/0/2 port 1/0/2

port 1/0/3
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Practice Question
destination-pattern
port 1/0/0 port 1/0/2

destination-pattern
port 1/0/1 port 1/0/2

destination-pattern 5551 555121 Place Here 5551
destination-pattern
port 1/0/2 port 1/0/2

destination-pattern 545118. 5451181 destination-pattern
Place Here 545118.
port 1/0/3 port 1/0/3
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Selecting a CODEC
Voice over IP Coder/DECoders (CODECs) dictate the

type of compression that will be used when converting
voice signals
Three primary CODECs are used in the Cisco
VoIP environment:
G.711 (Uncompressed–64Kbps)
G.723 (Compressed–6.3Kbps)
G.729 (Compressed–8Kbps)
Exam Tip!
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Digging Deeper into CODECs
Each CODEC offers different advantages

Voice quality
CODEC complexity
Coder delay
In the case of G.729, three flavors exist:

G.729 (original)–high complexity, 3.92 MOS
G.729a–medium complexity, 3.7 MOS Exam Tip!
G.729ab–medium complexity, 3.7 MOS, VAD
In addition, Cisco routers support CODEC packet

loss concealment
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Digging Deeper into CODECs
Each CODEC will also offer a sample size

By default, 20 ms of audio per packet
Increased sample size offers more bandwidth savings

Tradeoff: Increased delay
Tradeoff: Increased impact on packet loss
Exam Tip!
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Configuring CODEC Selection
Router#config t
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voip
Router(config-class)#codec ?
g711alaw G.711 A Law 64000 bps
g711ulaw G.711 u Law 64000 bps
g723ar53 G.723.1 ANNEX-A 5300 bps (contains built-in vad that cannot be disabled)
g723ar63 G.723.1 ANNEX-A 6300 bps (contains built-in vad that cannot be disabled)
g723r53 G.723.1 5300 bps
g723r63 G.723.1 6300 bps
g726r16 G.726 16000 bps
g729br8 G.729 ANNEX-B 8000 bps (contains built-in vad that cannot be disabled)
g729r8 G.729 8000 bps
gsmfr GSMFR 13200 bps
The default CODEC used for VoIP dial-peers is G.729
Exam Tip!
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Configuring CODEC Selection (Cont.)
Router#config t
Router(config)#voice class codec 99
Router(config-class)#codec preference 1 g711ulaw
Router(config-class)#codec preference 2 g729br8
Router(config-class)#exit
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 voip

Router(config-dial-peer)#voice-class codec 99
Router(config-dial-peer)#^Z
Exam Tip!
Voice classes allow you to set up ‘failover’ CODECs during VoIP

negotiations
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Wrap-Up: Session Goals
1. Cisco Certified Voice Professional

2. To grasp the “big picture” behind VoIP
3. To deliver key concepts and configurations related to
the current CVOICE certification exam
4. To demonstrate on live equipment the methods used
to configure a working VoIP network
Exam Tip!
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Q and A
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Recommended Reading
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Recommended Reading
Continue your Cisco Live

learning experience with further
reading from Cisco Press
Check the Recommended
Reading flyer for suggested
books
Available Onsite at the Cisco Company Store

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CCVP Prep: Cisco IP

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1

1. Cisco Certified Voice Professional

4. To demonstrate on live equipment the methods used

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

 “Earning a CCVP certification validates a robust set of

Exam Topics 642-432

 Describe the similarities and differences between

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

 Avoided question formats

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4

1. A temporary connection to a PBX.

Exam Format—Complex Procedural

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 5

dial-peer voice 6 pots

dial-peer voice 7 pots

dial-peer voice 8 pots

 The Vision and Benefits of VoIP

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6

 What networks look like today

 Separate networks for voice, video, and data applications

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7

By combining all communication methods into a single

Why an Organization Would Use

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8

 PBX and digital telephones still in place

Phase Two IP Telephony Migration

 Voice and Data network merged

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 9

Understanding Packet Telephony

 Centralized vs. decentralized call control

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 10

Centralized Call Control

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 11

CallManager PSTN PBX

VIC Cards: Analog Connections

 Most mainline Cisco routers (1800/2800/3800) now

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12

Provides a direct connection to an analog phone, fax

Analog Connections: FXO

Allows an analog connection to be directed to the PSTN

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 13

Provides a trunk connection to a PBX

How Far Will Those FXS Ports Go?

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 14

 Typically used in corporate environments with high

The New All-in-One Module: VWICs

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 15

 Installing voice ports require NM-1V/NM-2V network modules +

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 16

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 17

On-Net to Off-Net Calls

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18

 Breath deep. You are about to enter a whole new world

FXS Port Configuration

Router# configure terminal

 Foundation FXS port configuration

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 19

 Sets the signaling type; most often loop-start (default) for

Router(config-voiceport)# cptone <locale>

 Defines the detection of call-progress tones generated at the

“Earning a CCVP certification validates a robust set of

Describe the similarities and differences between

Avoided question formats

The Vision and Benefits of VoIP

What networks look like today

Separate networks for voice, video, and data applications

PBX and digital telephones still in place

Voice and Data network merged

Centralized vs. decentralized call control

Most mainline Cisco routers (1800/2800/3800) now

Typically used in corporate environments with high

Installing voice ports require NM-1V/NM-2V network modules +

Breath deep. You are about to enter a whole new world

Foundation FXS port configuration

Sets the signaling type; most often loop-start (default) for

Defines the detection of call-progress tones generated at the

Configures ring frequency (in hertz for OLD analog phone

Defines length of ringing voltage. Default to North America.

Gives you the ability to busy out a port

Configures caller-id information for FXS port (may be

Foundation FXO port configuration

Chooses appropriate dial-type for outbound calls

Sets the signaling type; most often loop-start (default) for

Defines the detection of call-progress tones generated at

Number of rings before incoming call is answered by the router

Gives you the ability to busy out a port

Configures caller-id information for FXO port (overrides FXS port

Similar to creating a static route for extension 1111

When destination-pattern is matched, router immediately forwards

T1/E1 CAS Port Configurations

Step 1: Specify Framing, Linecode, and Timing

Framing and Linecode are specified by the service

Ds0-group number is locally significant, timeslots must match timeslots

PBXs are commonly equipped with a PRI interface

Voice over IP Coder/DECoders (CODECs) dictate the