iTittle: THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD ; THE CAUSES OF RENAISSANCE SPREAD

ALL OVER ITALY

INTRODUCTION

RENAISSANCE

Renaissance is an intelectual movement. Its spread over South Europe, Italy from 14th

to 16th century. Literally Renaissance called ‘rebirth’. The Renaissance, a French word

meaning rebirth, first received its name from those who thought of the Middle Ages as a dark

time from which the human spirit had to be awakened. Its called a rebirth in the belief that

people now, after a long interruption, had taken up and resumed a civilization like that of the

Greco-Romans. Renaissance also involved with cultural movement where its praise the

Greco-Romans cultural. During Greek Rome period the economic, politic, and social was

achieved a good achievement. Greco-Romans period introduce Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

whose gave attention to Humanism thinks, logics and democracy. End of the 15th century,

Renaissance were spread all over England, Netherlands, German, and France.

The Italian Renaissance began in Tuscany, centered in the cities of Florence and

Siena. It later had a significant impact in Venice, where the remains of ancient Greek culture

were brought together with the Renaissance, feeding the humanist scholars with new texts.

The Renaissance later had a significant effect on Rome, which was ornamented with some

structures in the new mode, then was largely rebuilt by sixteenth-century popes who done a

lot of corrupt. The Italian Renaissance peaked in the late 15th century as foreign invasions

plunged the region into turmoil. However, the ideas and ideals of the Renaissance spread into

the rest of Europe, setting off the Northern Renaissance centered in Fontainebleau and

Antwerp, and the English Renaissance. Actually there are several causes’ helps and played a

big role in spreading Renaissance all over Italian city states.

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CAUSES OF RENAISSANCE

THE CRUSADES

In the 13th century science and mathematics flourished in the Arabic Islamic countries,

compared with the West. In the West science was repressed by the church. Finally some of

the knowledge made its way into Europe through the crusaders. The strategic geographical

area of Italian city states becomes a natural port for East and West. From the crusades Venice

earned a lot of benefits. Venice and Genoa achieved a big achievement in build ships.

Development in cargo ships gave a lot of benefits to the country. The cargo ships helped these

countries to carry a lot of things across the Atlantic Ocean without any problem. Many things

can easy bought all around the world directly to the merchants with the usage of the cargo

ships where its build with the science technology. For example, The Italian merchants bought

cotton directly from Yorkshire, North England.

THE MEDICI FAMILY

Another cause of Renaissance in Florence, Italy is the Medici family.In the late

fourteenth century; Florence's leading family had been the Albizzi. Their main challengers

were the Medicis, first under Giovanni de' Medici, then under his son Cosimo. The Medici

controlled the Medici bank - then Europe's largest bank, and an array of other enterprises in

Florence and elsewhere. During 1433, the Albizzi managed to have Cosimo exiled. The next

year, however, saw a pro-Medici Signoria elected and Cosimo returned. The Medici became

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the town's leading family in that time, a position they would hold for the next three centuries.

Florence remained a republic until 1537, traditionally marking the end of the High

Renaissance in Florence, but the instruments of republican government were firmly under the

control of the Medici and their allies, save during the intervals after 1494 and 1527. Cosimo

and Lorenzo only rarely held official posts, but were the unquestioned leaders. Firstly the

Medici family collected taxes from mass to the church. Then suddenly they changed to

dominate the Europe bank firm. Not to be surprised this family had offices at Paris, London,

Barcelona, Tunis and some ports at North Africa, Naples and Rome. Medici families earn a

lot of profit from giving people finance, investment, and money changes. These things

developed the Florence and establish the Florence to an industrial city. This industrial city

developed Italy and its become well known. Besides that, one of the oldest explanations is

that patronage of the Medici allowed for the advancement of artworks, especially under

Lorenzo, which in turn led to the Renaissance. However, the start of the Renaissance can be

dated around 1410 to 1420, prior to the Medici’s rice to power.

THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

Apart from that, the factor of Renaissance spread is because of the decline and fall of

the Byzantine Empire. Started during 14th century, the Greek scholars who educated ran away

from Byzantine to Italy. They ran to escape from the Turkish. From that, these Greek

academicians such as Manual Chysolaras, John Bessarian and Jonus Lascaris taught Greek

language and translate the classical Greek writing to the Latin language. When this thing

happened, Venice became a central point for Greeks studies. Regarding with that issue,

Venice become a world recognize for Greek studies. The exodus of Greco-Romans scholars

to the West, established the horizontal intellectual and it’s enrich the Italian Renaissance

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cultural as well. Furthermore, the decline of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire after

1204 and its eventual fall where its lead to an exodus of Greco-Roman scholars to the West.

These scholars brought with them texts and knowledge of the classical Greek and Roman

civilizations which had been lost for centuries in the West.

CONCULATION

The Renaissance was a time when long-standing beliefs were tested,

and Europeans became increasingly confident that they were creating a whole new culture. It

was a period of intellectual ferment that prepared the ground for the thinkers and scientists of

the 17th century. The Renaissance idea that humankind rules nature, for example, contributed

to the development of modern science and technology. Renaissance thinkers used classical

precedents to preserve and defend the concepts of republicanism and human freedom. These

ideas had a permanent impact on the course of English constitutional theory.

Totally Renaissance has a big responsibility to carry out and change the shape of its

politics, economics, and social among European country. Actually the causes like the

crusades, the Medici family, the decline and fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Black Plague

theory where its causes a lot of people died with a virus attacks, the rise of individualism

theory where its contain of new esteem for human activity had become main factors to build

the Renaissance in Italy and out side Italy.

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REFRENCES :

1. WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM.MY// RENAISSANCE

2. Palmer R.R., Colton J., & Kramer L. (2002).The upheaval in Christendom, 1300-

1560. A history of the modern world (9th ed.), New York: the Mc Graur – Hill

Companies, Inc.