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INTRODUCTION
It’ Global warming means an increase in the temperature due to increase in the
concentration of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere. When the level of green house
gasses like carbon dioxide, methane increases in the atmosphere they trap the excess heat.
This results in global warming. The two primary reason is relates to the nature of
movement of the earth in relation to the sun & the earth’s own rotation around its axis. The
second primary reason for global warming relates to the trapped heat in the atmosphere by
gasses called Green house gases. There are two sources of green house gasses, on source is
1. To create awareness among the people & understand the effects of it.
2. To imparts environment education to students for further studies & making
5. To spread the information and education about the major threat to be face by
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THEORITICAL BACKGROUND:
After carefully analyzing the complete system, any user will allow to open the
developed application web pages packages entitled “Global Warming” and it does not
have a password & user name. Once you open the web pages using browser software or
double click web page program will displayed Global warming home page along with
The main idea & objective about this project web page program is to let the user
know about the Global warming meaning, causes, effects, awareness, prevention,
different NGO’s engaged in rendering service for the human well being.
DEFINITION OF PROBLEM:
1. Macromedia Flash & HTML (Hypertext Markup language) is one of the most
popular languages for developing web pages related to static text and animation,
modeling graphics. So, the project was developed using the said languages
mention above.
Warming is happening?”
3. What are the impacts of Global Climate change in various spheres of life.
Example such as like glacier melt and sea level rise, impact of global warming
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS
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FESIBILITY STUDY:
OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY:
Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be tuned into information
systems that will meet the organization’s operating requirements. Simply stated, this
test of feasibility asks if the system will work when it is developed and installed. Are
there major barriers to implementation? Here are questions that will help test the
operational feasibility of a project:
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• Is there sufficient support for the project from management and users ? If the
current system is well liked and used to the extent that persons will not be able
to see reasons for change, there may be resistance.
• Are the current business methods acceptable to the users? If they are not, users
may welcome a change that will bring about a more operational and useful
systems.
• Have the users been involved in the planning and development of the project?
Early involvement reduces the chances of resistance to the system and in general
increases the likelihood of successful projects.
• Will the proposed system cause any harm? Will it produce poor results in any
respect or area? Will loss of control results in any area? Will accessibility of
information be lost? Will individual performance be poorer after implementation
than before? Will customers be affected in an undesirable way? Will the system
performance be slow in any area?
Issues that appear to be relatively minor in the beginning have ways of growing into
major problems after implementation. Therefore, all operational aspects must be
considered carefully.
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY:
The technical issue raised during the feasibility stage of the investigation
includes these:
1. Does the necessary technology exist to do what is suggested (and can it
be required)?
2. Does the proposed equipment have the technical capacity to hold the data
required to use the new system?
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For example, if the proposed includes a printer that prints at the rate 15,000
lines per minute, a brief search shows that this specification is technically
feasible.( whether it should be included in the configuration of an economic
decision.) On the other hand, if a user is requesting voice input to write,
read, and change stored data, the proposed may not be technically feasible.
A system that can be developed technically and that system will be used if
install must still be a good investment for the organization. Financial benefits must
equal or exceed the costs. The financial and economical question raised by analysis
during the preliminary investigation are for the purpose of estimating the following:
1. The cost to conduct a full systems investigation
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To be judged feasible, a project proposal must pass all these tests. Otherwise, it is not a
feasible project. For example, a personal record system that is financially feasible and
operationally attractive is not feasible if the necessary technology does not exit. A
medical system that can be developed at reasonable cost but that nurses will avoid using
cannot be judged operationally feasible.
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DAY 25 DAY 50
CODING INTEGRATION
ANALYSIS
AND TESTING
DAY 15
FINISH
DAY 60
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process is really the core of the software process. The management process is
decided based on the development process. Due to the importance of the
development process, various models have been proposed.
PROTOTYPING MODEL:
By using this prototype, the client can get an actual feel of the system because
the interactions with the prototype can enable the client to better understand the
requirements of the desired system. This results in more stable requirement that
change less frequently.
Prototyping is an attractive idea for complicated and large systems for which
there is no manual process or existing system to help determine the requirements
in such situations letting the client “play” with the prototype, provides
invaluable and intangible inputs that help determine the requirements of the
system. It is also an effective method of demonstrating the feasibility of a
certain approach. This might be needed for novel systems, where it is not clear
that constraints can be met or that algorithms can be developed to implement
requirements. In both situations, the risks associated with the projects are being
reduced through the use of prototyping.
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After the prototype has been developed the end users and clients are given an
opportunity to use the prototype and play with it. Based on their
experienced, they provide feedback to the developers regarding the
prototype: what is correct, what needs to be modified, what is missing, what
is not needed, etc.
This cycle repeats until, in the judgment of the prototypers and analysis, the
benefit from further changing the system and obtaining feedback is out
weighted by the cost and time involved in making the changes and obtaining
the feedback. Based on the feedback, the initial requirements are modified
to produce the final requirement specification, which is then used to
developed the production quality system.
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IMPLEMANTATION:
Implementation is the stage where the
theoretical design is tuned into a working system. The most crucial stage
is achieving a new successful system and in giving confidence on the
new system for the users so that it will work efficiently and effectively.
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HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
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The language used to develop web pages is called Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML). HTML is the language interpreted by a browser. Web pages are also called
HTML documents. HTML is a special code’s that can be embedded in text to add
formatting and linking information. HTML is specified as TAGS in an HTML
document (i.e. the web page).
HTML TAGS:
Tags are instructions that are embedded directly into the text of the document.
An HTML tag is a signal to a browser that it should do something other than just throw
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text up on the screen. By convention all the HTML text begin with an open angle
bracket (<) and end with a close angle bracket (>).
Paired tags: - A tag is said to be paired tag if it along with a companion tag, flanges the
text. For example the <B> tag is a paired tag. The <B> tag with the companion tag </B>
causes the text contained between them to be rendered in bold. The effect of other
paired tag is applied only to the text they contain.
In paired tag, the first tag (<B>) is often called the opening tag and the second
tag (</B>) is called the closing tag.
The opening tag activates the effect and the closing tag turns the effect off.
Singular tags: - The second type of tag is the singular or stand-alone tag. A stand-alone
tag does not have a companion tag. For example <Br/> tag will insert a line break. This
tag does not require any companion tag.
The skill in creating an HTML web page would lie in knowing the functionality
of all HTML tags and tag attributes were applicable. The skill can be used to format
large quantities to textual information as required and have this ready to use on a web
site.
The simplest and quickest way to know the functionality tag would be to learn a
few tags (and their attributes were applicable) and immediately use these tags in
formatting textual information to be used in a web page as part of a web site. Using this
technique the HTML tag, is attributed where applicable, and its functionality will
immediately become apparent.
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INTRODUCTION TO MACROMEDIA
FLASH:
This guide is designed to introduce you to Flash. The tutorial in this guide leads you
through the process of creating a simple Flash application.
What is Flash
Flash is an authoring tool that designers and developers use to create
presentations, applications, and other content that enables user interaction. Flash
projects can include simple animations, video content, complex presentations,
applications, and everything in between. In general, individual pieces of content made
with Flash are called applications, even though they might only be a basic animation.
You can make media-rich Flash applications by including pictures, sound, video, and
special effects.
Flash is extremely well suited to creating content for delivery over the Internet
because its files are very small. Flash achieves this through its extensive use of vector
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graphics. Vector graphics require significantly less memory and storage space than
bitmap graphics because they are represented by mathematical formulas instead of large
data sets. Bitmap graphics are larger because each individual pixel in the image requires
a separate piece of data to represent it.
To build an application in Flash, you create graphics with the Flash drawing
tools and import additional media elements into your Flash document. Next, you define
how and when you want to use each of those elements to create the application you
have in mind.
When you author content in Flash, you work in a Flash document file. Flash
documents have the file extension .fla (FLA). A Flash document has four main parts:
The Stage is where your graphics, videos, buttons, and so on appear during
playback. The Stage is described further in Flash Basics.
The Timeline is where you tell Flash when you want the graphics and other
elements of your project to appear. You also use the Timeline to specify the layering
order of graphics on the Stage. Graphics in higher layers appear on top of graphics in
lower layers.
The Library panel is where Flash displays a list of the media elements in your
Flash document.
ActionScript code allows you to add interactivity to the media elements in your
document. For example, you can add code that causes a button to display a new image
when the user clicks it. You can also use ActionScript to add logic to your applications.
Logic enables your application to behave in different ways depending on the user's
actions or other conditions. Flash includes two versions of ActionScript, each suited to
an author's specific needs. For more information about writing ActionScript, see
Learning ActionScript 2.0 in Flash in the Help panel.
Flash includes many features that make it powerful but easy to use, such as
prebuilt drag-and-drop user interface components, built-in behaviors that let you easily
add ActionScript to your document, and special effects that you can add to media
objects.
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When you have finished authoring your Flash document, you publish it using the
File > Publish command. This creates a compressed version of your file with the
extension .swf (SWF). You can then use Flash Player to play the SWF file in a web
browser or as a stand-alone application.
Flash Player is distributed with products from every major software partner, including
Microsoft, Apple, Netscape, AOL, and Opera, which brings rich content and
applications to over 516 million people worldwide. Flash Player is distributed freely
to anyone who wants to use it.
The maintenance phase focuses on changes that are associated with error
correction, adaptations required as the software environment evolves, and
changes due to enhancements brought about by changing user requirement.
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1) Corrective
2) Adaptation
3) Enhancement
4) Prevention
CORRECTION:
Even with the best quality assurance activities, it is lightly that
the user will uncover defects in the software. Corrective maintenance changes
the software to correct defects.
Only about 20 percentage of all maintenance work are spent “fixing mistakes”.
The remaining 80 percentage are spent adapting existing systems to changes in
their external environment, making enhancement requested by users, and
reengineering an application for use.
ADAPTATION:
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Over time, the original environment (EG, CPU, operating system, business rules,
external product characteristics ) for which the software was developed is likely
to change. Adaptive maintenance results in modification to the software to
accommodate change to its external environment.
ENHANCEMENT:
As software is used, the use/user will recognize additional functions that will
provide benefit. Perceptive maintenance extends the software beyond its
original function requirements.
PREVENTION:
Computer software deteriorates due to change, and because of this, preventive
maintenance, often called software re-engineering, must be conducted to enable the
software to serve the needs of its end users. In essence, preventive maintenance makes
changes to computer programs so that they can be more easily corrected, adapted and
enhanced. Software Configuration Management (SCM) is an umbrella activity that is
applied throughout the software process. SCM activities are developed to:
Identify change.
Control change.
Ensure that change is being properly implemented.
Report change to others that may have an interest
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This project entitled “Global Warming ” comes under the “small project”
category. Obviously the cost estimation of the project mainly depends
on the number of lines of code generated and animation effects applied
i.e., the developer is paid and the final cost estimation is done using the
volume of code.
The team consists of one team member. The projection to do this project
is about 2 months. 8 weeks or 60 days and an average of 8 working hours
a day. Totaling about 480 working hours.
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SYSTEM DESIGN
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FLOWCHART
START
Loading of program
Global Warming
( Home Page)
Contents & sub
contents
Home Page
STOP
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TESTING TECHNIQUES:
TEST PLANS:
The test plan is a product of software design. The test specifies the objectives of testing, test
completion criteria, system integration plan, methods to be used on modules and particular
test cases to be used.
• Functional tests – Specifies operating conditions, input values and expected results.
• Stress test – are designed to over load a system in various ways. The purpose of a
stress test is to determine the limitations of the system.
• Structural tests - Are concerned with examining the internal processing logic of a
software system.
TESTING:
DEBUGGING:
Debugging is the process of isolating and correcting the causes of known errors.
Commonly used debugging methods include:
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• Debugging by backtracking.
Debugging by backtracking involves working backward in the source code form the point
where the error was observed in an attempt to identify the exact point where the error
occurred.
Trace facilities - which list changes in selected state components. In its simplest form, a trace
will print all changes in data values for all changes in control flow. For example, in Visual
Basic 6.0 usage of watch pane is a trace facility.
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Traditions breakpoint facility – interrupts program execution and transfers control to the
programmers’ terminal when execution reaches a specified break instruction in the source
code, for example inserting breakpoint in a visual basic program by using stop keyword.
UNIT TESTING:
A program unit is usually small enough that the programmer who developed it
can test it in a great detail and certainly in greater detail than will be possible
when the unit is integrated into an evolving software product. There are four
categories of tests that a programmer will typically perform on a program unit.
Stress tests – Are designed to overload a system in various ways. The purpose
of a stress test is to determine the limitations of the system. For example,
during a sort operation, the available memory can be reduced to see whether
the program is able to handle the situation.
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Structural tests – Are concerned with examining the internal processing logic
of a software system. For example, if a function is responsible for tax
calculation, the verification of the logic is a structural test.
SYSTEM TESTING:
INTEGRATION TESTING:
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Top – down integrates starts with the main routine and one or two immediate subordinated
routines in the system structure. Top – down integration offers several advantages:
1. System integration is distributed throughput the implementation phase
2. Top – level integrates are tested first
3. The top – level routines provide a natural test harness for lower – level routines.
4. Error are localized to the new modules and interfaces that are being added.
ACCEPTANCE TESTING:
Acceptance testing involves planning and execution of functional tests, performance tests and
stress tests in order to demonstrate that the implemented system satisfies the requirements.
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LIMITATION
1. There is no runtime checking in HTML & Macromedia Flash professional.
2. User can’t view the other Information apart from causes, effects , precaution ,
3. In future instead of using HTML & Macromedia Flash for developing this project if it
will be rewrote to new language or platforms like ASP.NET will be more better for
supporting database.
4. The use of syntax is very easy but the program code become bigger and larger later on
5. Beginner of Macromedia Flash leaner will be difficult for using layer concept, button,
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CONCLUSION:
The rate of warming has been increasing for years now .On the global level lots of
work have been done for achievement. However, an increase in the temperature of earth has
not been normalized. With the development and working of this project people will give more
attention towards changes in balancing the earth’s atmosphere.
The project entitled “Global warming” is very easy to open using any web browser
software and it was created with great care so that it display web page contents correctly. This
project is user friendly application program which will give the simplest way of learning in
details of HTML & Macromedia Flash professional
The “Global Warming” has been successfully completed. The goal is achieved and
problems are solved.
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BIBLOGRAPHY:
The following books were referred during the analysis and execution phase of the project
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