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Paper explores the possibility of making a hydraulic quantum computer using a helium based superfluid. It examines the creation of basic logic gates using flow and pressure principles. This paper suggests of a future, if this technology is implemented, with the possibility of dual use systems (self running cooling systems)
Paper explores the possibility of making a hydraulic quantum computer using a helium based superfluid. It examines the creation of basic logic gates using flow and pressure principles. This paper suggests of a future, if this technology is implemented, with the possibility of dual use systems (self running cooling systems)
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Paper explores the possibility of making a hydraulic quantum computer using a helium based superfluid. It examines the creation of basic logic gates using flow and pressure principles. This paper suggests of a future, if this technology is implemented, with the possibility of dual use systems (self running cooling systems)
Авторское право:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Доступные форматы
Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
* rd 3 Year, Instrumentation and Control Engineering, SRM University. No.1/3, Murali Street, Rajaji Nagar, Villivakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Zip Code: 600049 Phone No.: 919940506908 rajkumar.ramadoss90@gmail.com # rd 3 Year, Instrumentation and Control Engineering, SRM University. rd No.25/13, 3 Cross Street, Gopal Reddy Colony, Jawahar Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Zip Code: 600082 Phone No.: 919003028450 ravindranno2@gmail.com
Abstract—The paper explores the possibility of
making a hydraulic quantum computer using a 2. QUANTUM STATES AND WAVE helium based superfluid. The paper explores the FUNCTIONS potential of a superfluid as opposed to a regular According to Pauli’s exclusion principle every atom working fluid and the possibility of using magnets occupies different states as described by and lasers to perform basic logic operations. It Schrödingers equation and wavefunctions results in examines the creation of basic logic gates using every electron and nucleon occupying a different flow and pressure principles. state. This is in the macro world governed by the theory of relativity. A system consisting of various This paper suggests of a future, if this technology states can be altered by either supplying or taking is implemented, with the possibility of dual use away thermal energy to allow the fermions to jump systems (self running cooling systems) which may different states. Each particle has a separate also have the computing power to run the other wavefunction governing it. In the case of maintenance systems through proper architecture substances such as helium which retain their of the cooling system and the computer. fluidity even in very low temperatures, the substance undergoes a change of state and becomes Keywords: Superfluid, Hydraulic Computation, a quantum fluid. Since there is no energy to have Self governing cooling system. separate energy states, all wavefunctions and quantum states collapse to one and the state is called a superfluid state where the entire substance 1. QUANTUM MECHANICS behaves as one single atom since every atom Quantum mechanics is a body of scientific occupies the same state. This gives it a variety of principles describing the behavior of matter and its bizarre properties. interactions on the atomic and subatomic scales. These include particles such as atoms, electrons, 3. SUPERFLUIDITY protons, and photons. According to quantum Superfluidity is a state of matter in which viscosity mechanics, the behavior and movement of particles of a fluid vanishes, while thermal conductivity at these microscopic levels are counter-intuitive, becomes infinite. It is also defined as a phase of radically differing from anything observed in matter capable of flowing endlessly without energy everyday life. This requires a theory like quantum loss. mechanics in order to better explain this different world. A superfluid can be a liquid or a gas, but not a solid. For example, helium's freezing point is 1K (Kelvin) and 25 atmospheres of pressure, the lowest 4. PROPERTIES OF SUPERFLUID of any element, but the substance begins exhibiting Superfluid has many bizarre and noteworthy superfluid properties at about 2K. The superfluid properties, the most famous being its property of phase transition occurs when all the constituent zero viscosity and that it can flow on its own atoms of a sample begin to occupy the same without the need of any external force. This is also quantum state. This transition happens when the called as the fountain effect. Also it has near atoms are placed very closely together and cooled infinite thermal conductivity. It is a non-newtonian down so much that their quantum wave functions fluid under all circumstances. The creeping begin to overlap and the atoms lose their individual automatic flow of the superfluid is called a Rollin identities, behaving more like a single super-atom film, it’s a thin film of the liquid (20 nanometers than an agglomeration of atoms. thick) that moves. The entire body behaves as a single atom. All of this makes it an ideal working A limiting factor on which materials can exhibit fluid for a hydraulic computer. superfluidity and which cannot is that the material must be very very cold (<4K) and remain fluid at this cold temperature. Superfluids have some impressive and unique properties that distinguish them from other forms of matter.. A superfluid has zero thermodynamic entropy and infinite thermal conductivity, meaning that no temperature differential can exist between two superfluids or two parts of the same superfluid. A superfluid can also climb up and out of a container in a one-atom- thick layer if the container is not sealed. A conventional molecule embedded within a superfluid can move with full rotational freedom, behaving like a gas.
Fig.2 In this case, Helium II will creep along surfaces in order
to find its own level - after a short while, the levels in the two containers will equalize. The Rollin film also covers the interior of the larger container; if it were not sealed, the helium II would creep out and escape.
Some important equations pertaining to superfluids
Fig.1 In this case, the liquid helium is in the superfluid phase. As long as it remains superfluid, it creeps up the inside wall of the cup as a thin film. It comes down on the outside, forming a 1. The vapor pressure (in torr) of Superfluid (He II) drop which will fall into the liquid below. Another drop will form - and so on - until the cup is empty. Log P = -3.018 (1/T) + 2.484 Log T - 0.00297 T4 + 2.197 2. The specific heat of He II is
Cv = (dQ/dT)v = T(dS/dT)v = 5.6
(T/T)5.6
3. The latent heat of vaporization
of Superfluid I = RT2(dP/dT)/P
4. The viscosity of He II is represented by
n = 8.7 x 10-3 (eKT) T-1/2 + 11 +
(2(2.2-T))-1
resulting in 0(LOW). Here, the implementation of
5. HYDRAULIC COMPUTATION the AND gate is by parallel connection, so it can be We can use any material for computation purposes, considered as a parallel gate. the success of silicon based computers lied in their ability to manipulate electrons and ions for B. OR Gate computation purposes, and quantum computation The OR gate in a digital system implements aims to take it a step further by using light. logical disjunction (series). A HIGH output (1) Hydraulic computers used the properties of fluids results if one or both the inputs to the gate are for computation. It was used in the 30’s and 40’s to HIGH (1). If neither input is HIGH, a LOW output compute the directions of a nation’s economy. The (0) results. Similarly, when there is a fluid flow in computers of those days were of analog nature. The any one of the tube or fluid flow in both the tubes, computers can be made digital too. The digital the output will be 1. And, if there is no fluid flow in implementation can be done with the proper use of both the tubes, it will be resulting in 0. Here, the pipings pistons and valves .The presence of implementation of the OR gate is by series pressure is taken as 1 and the lack of being is taken connection, so it can be considered as a series gate. as 0(Note the amount is not under consideration). By using proper arrangements the basic gates can be achieved. The explanation for the basic logic gates in a hydraulic computer is given below. A. AND Gate The AND gate in a digital system implements logical conjunction (parallel). A HIGH output (1) results only if both the inputs to the AND gate are HIGH (1). If neither or only one input to the AND gate is HIGH, a LOW output results. Similarly, when there is a flow in both the tubes, both the valves present in the tube opens up and so there will be a flow from the constant fluid flow source, thereby resulting in 1(HIGH). Also, when there is flow in any one of the , the valve corresponding to the tube opens up and the other one still remains closed and so there will be no flow in the output, C. NOT Gate possible to arrange complex pipe sets to implement the basic microprocessors so as to perform computing operations. The short time it takes for the whole thermodynamic process of evaporation and condensation takes place in a short time and enables quick computation. This cycle is a Carnot cycle and the work done accelerates the fluid. And since there is no inherent instability as in bose-einstein condensate, it is a safer alternative. It is possible to construct complex cooling circuits which could also provide that little boost in computing speed and power. This could lead to cooling systems to govern themselves and maybe the In digital logic, an inverter or NOT gate is a entire maintenance systems of complex entities. logic gate which implements logical negation. Here, This type of system is not tied down by the the output will be one, if there is no fluid flow and limitations of silicon based computing such as it vice versa. would be able to perform parallel computing.
6. IMPLEMENTATION OF HYDRAULIC 7. CONCLUSIONS
COMPUTER USING SUPERFLUIDS Thus the possibility of using superfluids in an We saw the implementation of hydraulic computing improvised binary hydraulic computer has been using a normal fluid and a piston as a moving explored. Such a system would lend flexibility and member. Now we replace the fluid with a superfluid would milk every possible avenue for computing and the moving member as a magnetic pulse or a power. With the rise of man, rises his need to think. laser. We make use of the latent heat of Such a system in its own small inimitable way vaporization of the superfluid. By generating the reduce the loads as it could possibly create a self magnetic pulses or laser pulses it’s possible to heat running cooling system that would also take care of the super fluid by changing the molecular maintenance systems of the machine. Recently a orientation and cause a temporary vaporization. satellite was launched with 160 litres of superfluid One has to take precautions regarding the formation for its cooling. By making a digital computer out of of vortexes because of the zero viscous dissipation, the cooling system it would create a lot of flexible the vortex would never stop. The vaporization is options for the maintenance system and main temporary and since the system is cooled externally computer. it reaches the superfluid state in a short time. This causes a pressure change to occur in a particular REFERENCES section of the pipe. The pressure is measured by [1] L.Landau Institute of Physical Problems, Theory of placing sensors at appropriate distances. The analog Superfluidity of Helium II, USSR Academy of Sciences, pressure signal is converted to digital form by an Moscow, USSR ADC. The presence of the pressure is taken as the [2] Feynman lectures on physics. [Online]. Available: www.feynmanlectures.info/ logic 1 (the quantity of pressure is not taken to Section: Quantum mechanics and Wavefunctions account) and the absence of the pressure is taken as [3] SJ Putterman, Superfluid Hydrodynamics, North-Holland logic 0. This is then fed to a suitable interface Publishing Co., New York, 1974 - adsabs.harvard.edu which converts it in the required output. By suitable [4] (2010) The WIKIPEDIA website. [Online]. Available: piping and placing of valves it is possible to attain http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/MONIAC_Computer [5] T.Tsuneto, Superconductivity and Superfluidity, even more complex logic circuits which perform Ryukoku University, Japan much more than the basic logic operations. It is