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2 Pt
λ Pr
Pr = PG
t t Gr
(4π d ) 2
Gt d Gr
Gt and Gr are the transmit and receive antenna gains
λ is the wavelength
d is the T-R separation
Pt is the transmitted power
Pr is the received power
Pt and Pr are in same units
Gt and Gr are dimensionless quantities.
Scattering
Receiver
Diffraction
Transmitter
d
P
do
EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission Prof. Murat Torlak
Simplified Path Loss Model
Complex analytical models or empirical measurements
when tight system specifications must be met
Best locations for base stations
Access point layouts
However, use a simple model for general tradeoff analysis
dB attenuation model
Free Space 2
Suburban Area 3 to 5
where PT=Pmin-Pt-10log10K
Actual cell
Idealistic cell Cell radius
3 4 3 1 6 4
1 2 1 6 4 5
4 3 5 2
9
2 11 9 8 10
7 3 7 8 10 19 2 11
19 2 11 7 3
8 1 8 7 3 18 1 12
6 4 6 18 1 12 6 4
9 5 9 6 4 17 5 13
17 5 13 16 14 9
10 12 10 16 14 9 15 8
2 11 2 9 15 8 10 19 2
10 19 2 11 7
7 3 7 3 2 11 7 3 18 1
1 8 1 3 18 1 12 6
1 12 6 4 17 5
6 4 6 4 4 17 5 13 16
5 9 5 5 13 16 14
14 15
equidistant neighbors j
D
separated by multiple of 60 120
degrees
i
Approximate distance
Ï3R 30
between the centers of two Ï3R
D
q = = 3N
R
if the radius of the cell is R
and the distance between centers of the nearest co-channel
cells is D
N is the cluster size
the parameter q is called the co-channel reuse ratio
A small value of q provides larger capacity since N is small
A large value of q improves the transmission quality
S Pr
= N
I I
∑i =1
Pi
S R −γ
= NI
I
∑ (D )
−γ
i
i =1
If the transmit power of each base station is equal
γ is same throughout the coverage area
Di is the distance of the ith interferer from the mobile
SIR as considering only the first layer of interfering cells can be
simplified as γ
S ( D / R)
= =
γ
( 3N )
I NI NI
if all interfering base stations are equi-distant from each other and
this distance is Di ≈ D