ANSYS Classic 9.

0
New Features and Enhancements

1.1.2. Structural

ANSYS 9.0 includes the following new features and enhancements that expand your ability to
perform structural analyses.

1.1.2.1. Contact

1.1.2.2. Element Technology

The following element technology enhancements are available in this ANSYS release:

1.1.2.2.1. Manual Rezoning

When a mesh deformation terminates an analysis, rezoning provides a mechanism for

temporarily exiting the solution processor so that you can remesh a deformed domain at a
specified substep. Rezoning operates on solved data. The rezoning process maps the solved
variables (node and element solutions from the original mesh) and achieves equilibrium based on
the mapped variables, then allows you to continue solving using the new mesh.

1.1.2.2.2. Preintegrated General Shell Sections

You can now define homogenous shell section behavior directly via preintegrated general shell
sections, a method commonly used in analyses involving laminated composite structures. With
preintegrated shell sections (SECTYPE,,GENS), you can directly specify the membrane, bending,
and coupling properties. The preintegrated method also allows analysis of complex geometry
(with repeated patterns such as corrugated sheets) using equivalent shell section properties.

You can use preintegrated shell sections when linear elastic material behavior is acceptable.
Compared to standard shell usage with independent material and section definitions,
preintegration requires minimal system resources because numerical integration through the
thickness of the shell is unnecessary. A series of new ANSYS commands allows you to specify
the particular component quantities necessary for defining a preintegrated shell section. You can
define each quantity of the preintegrated shell section data as temperature-dependent. The
preintegrated form of input allows you to import homogenous section-stiffness constants
evaluated in other analyses or by third-party, special-purpose software tools.

1.1.2.2.3. Nonlinear General Beam Sections

A nonlinear general beam section (SECTYPE,,GENB) is an abstract cross section type that
allows you directly input the relationships of generalized stresses to generalized strains. You can
define axial, flexural, torsional, and transverse shear behavior as a function of axial strain,
bending curvature, twist, and transverse shear strains.

The generalized section form of input does not require cross section geometry data or material
data independently. For purposes of evaluating mass matrices, ANSYS assumes a unit area of
cross section. This form of data is useful for including an experimentally measured nonlinear
response of a beam-like structural component, such as cross section distortion not permitted
when using normal beam sections.

Nonlinear general beam sections also allow a nonlinear relationship of transverse shear forces to
the corresponding transverse shear strains. Often, the input of generalized beam sections
consists of the results of a prior detailed slice analysis (for example, a segment of pipe analyzed
using generalized plane strain elements).
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New Features and Enhancements

1.1.2.2.4. Follower Loads

A new one-node 3-D element named FOLLW201 is now available. You can overlay the element
onto an existing node with physical rotation degrees of freedom. The element specifies external
forces and moments which follow the deformation of a structure in a nonlinear analysis.
FOLLW201 contributes follower load stiffness terms in a geometrically nonlinear analysis
(NLGEOM,ON).

1.1.2.3. Transient Dynamics

1.1.2.4. Linear Dynamics

The following enhancements are available in the area of linear dynamics:

1.1.2.4.1. Component Mode Synthesis (CMS)

The following CMS enhancements are available in this ANSYS release:

Offsetting a substructure at a different location. When creating a new superelement from an

existing one (via a SESYMM or SETRAN command), you can now specify an offset value to the
node or element IDs in its FE geometry record. After performing the use and expansion passes
for all CMS superelements, the mode shape display of the entire assembled structure shows the
offset superelements in their transformed locations. For more information, see the documentation
for the RSTOFF and SEEXP commands.

CMS Wizard. A wizard is available to guide you through the CMS generation, use, and expansion
passes. The wizard also provides support for organizing and managing the files generated by a
CMS analysis. You can access the wizard in the ANSYS GUI via the Solution (/SOLU) menu.

1.1.2.4.2. QR Damped Method

Because unsymmetrical stiffness contributions can result from non-conservative friction forces
between two contact surfaces, the QR damped mode extraction method has been extended to
account for unsymmetrical stiffness. An inverse iteration method calculates the complex
eigenvectors in modal subspace. As a result, complex eigenvectors from the original system are
recovered via the modal transformation. The unsymmetrical stiffness contributions of the original
stiffness are then projected onto the modal subspace and the reduced unsymmetrical
eigenproblem is solved. The new QR damped eigensolver is faster and requires fewer
computational resources than the existing damped or unsymmetrical eigensolvers.

For more information, see the MODOPT command description and the discussion of the QR
damped method in the Modal Analysis chapter of the ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide.

1.1.2.5. Materials

1.1.2.6. Curve Fitting

Temperature dependency is now available for all three of the disciplines supported for material
curve fitting. The existing shift function can still be used for viscoelastic behavior, along with the
data-specific options now available for visco, and hyperelasticity, and creep.
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New Features and Enhancements

1.1.3. Coupled-Field

ANSYS 9.0 includes the following enhancements that expand your ability to perform coupled-field
analyses.

1.1.4. Low-Frequency Electromagnetics

ANSYS 9.0 includes the following new features and enhancements in the area of low-frequency
electromagnetics.

1.1.4.1. Extracting Conductance

A GMATRIX macro is now available to extract conductance from multi-conductor systems. This
macro, which is used much like the CMATRIX macro for capacitance, allows you to extract self
and mutual conductance terms so that equivalent circuit lumped conductors can be defined for
use in circuit simulators

GMATRIX works with the following elements:

• SOLID5
• SOLID98
• PLANE67
• LINK68
• SOLID69
• PLANE230
• SOLID231
• SOLID232

For more information, see the GMATRIX command description in the ANSYS Commands
Reference and the discussion in the Electric Field Analysis chapter of the ANSYS Low-Frequency
Electromagnetic Analysis Guide.

1.1.4.2. Electromagnetic Force and Torque

Use the new EMFT command to summarize electromagnetic force and torque on a selected set
of nodes. Unlike FMAGSUM, which requires you to specify element components first and then
flag them using FMAGBC, EMFT requires only that you select the nodes of interest and issue the
EMFT command. This command is available only for analyses using SOLID117, PLANE121,
SOLID122, or SOLID123 elements.

For more information on using EMFT, see the description in the ANSYS Commands Reference,
the discussion on calculating magnetic force and torque for a static edge-based analysis in
ANSYS Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis Guide, and the discussion on electromagnetic
forces in an electrostatic field analysis, also in the ANSYS Low-Frequency Electromagnetic
Analysis Guide
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New Features and Enhancements

1.1.5. High-Frequency Electromagnetics

ANSYS 9.0 includes the following new features and enhancements in the area of high-frequency
electromagnetics.

1.1.5.1. Frequency Selective Surfaces

A plane wave source port is now available to launch a plane wave for a scattering analysis of a
periodic structure (Frequency Selective Surface) (via HFPORT). Radar cross section results can
be displayed and printed for 2D TE and TM incident plane waves (via PLHFFAR and PRHFFAR).
Reflection and transmission properties of frequency selective surfaces can now be calculated
using the new FSSPARM command macro. For more information, see Applying Excitation
Sources in the ANSYS High-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis Guide.

1.1.5.2. Lumped Circuits

Lumped circuits are now available to simplify your high-frequency analysis. You apply them to the
mid-nodes of element edges using the BF command. For more information, see Lumped Circuits
in the ANSYS High-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis Guide.

1.1.5.3. Fast Frequency Sweep Performance

A Variational Technology method using a perfect absorber is now available for S-parameter
calculations over a frequency range (via SPSWP or HROPT). It provides about a 20% faster
solution than the original Variational Technology method. For more information, see ANSYS
Frequency Sweep VT in the ANSYS Advanced Analysis Techniques Guide.

1.1.5.4. Port Enhancements

Power terms of multi-port networks can now be calculated using the new HFPOWER command
macro.

1.1.5.5. Special Absorption Rate

Special absorption rate can now be calculated when a mass density of the material is defined by
the MP command. Results are stored in the HF119 and HF120 Item and Sequence Numbers
Table.
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New Features and Enhancements

1.1.6. Thermal

1.1.6.1. Radiosity Enhancements

The ANSYS radiosity capability has been enhanced to allow symmetry in 2-D
planar/axisymmetric and 3-D models. Prior to ANSYS 9.0, you had to build the full model, both for
the solid region and for the radiation surface, resulting in a significant increase in computational
cost. With ANSYS 9.0, you can now solve the radiation problem based on the full radiation
surface and solve the heat conduction problem based on the solid/fluid region with specified
symmetries. As part of this enhancement, you can reduce the number of surface elements by
creating a decimated mesh and generate new SURF251/SURF252 surface elements. See the
discussion on Advanced Radiosity in the ANSYS Thermal Analysis Guide for a detailed
description of this procedure.

1.1.7. Fluids/CFD

ANSYS 9.0 includes the following new features and enhancements that expand your ability to
perform Fluid and CFD analyses.

1.1.8. Solvers

ANSYS 9.0 includes the following new features and enhancements that improve solution
procedures and features.

MSAVE Enhancements. The MSAVE command now supports SOLID45 and SOLID185
elements (brick shapes only), in addition to SOLID92, SOLID95, SOLID186, and SOLID187.

Results File Splitting for Large Models. You can use the RSPLIT command to decompose a
large results file (typically generated from an assembly model run across a server or cluster of
machines) into smaller files that can be easily postprocessed. For example, for an assembly, you
could create separate results files for each part. See Splitting Large Results Files in the ANSYS
Basic Analysis Guide for more information.

1.1.9. Usability

ANSYS 9.0 includes the following new features and enhancements that increase the usability and
the overall functionality of the program.

1.1.10. System Enhancements

ANSYS 9.0 has a number of system-related enhancements, including the following:

1.1.11. ANSYS Commands

This section describes changes to commands at the ANSYS 9.0 release.

 ANSYS Classic 9.0
New Features and Enhancements

1.1.11.1. New Commands

ANSYS has been enhanced with the following new commands:

AREMESH -- Generates an area in which to create a new mesh for rezoning.

BSAX -- Specifies the axial force and axial strain relationship for a nonlinear general beam
section.
BSM1 -- Specifies the bending moment and curvature relationship in plane XZ for a nonlinear
general beam section.
BSM2 -- Specifies the bending moment and curvature relationship in plane XY for a nonlinear
general beam section.
BSTQ -- Specifies the cross section torque and twist relationship for a nonlinear general beam
section.
BSS1 -- Specifies the transverse shear force and strain relationship in plane XZ for a nonlinear
general beam section.
BSS2 -- Specifies the transverse shear force and strain relationship in plane XY for a nonlinear
general beam section.
BSMD -- Specifies mass density for a nonlinear general beam section.
BSTE -- Specifies a thermal expansion coefficient for a nonlinear general beam section.
CMACEL -- Specifies the linear translational acceleration of an element component. The new
command is related to these existing inertia-control commands: ACEL, CGLOC, CGOMGA,
DCGOMG, DOMEGA, OMEGA, CMOMEGA, and CMDOMEGA.
EMFT -- Summarizes electromagnetic forces and torques on a selected set of nodes (valid only
with SOLID117, PLANE121, SOLID122, and SOLID123).
FSSPARM -- Calculates reflection and transmission properties of a frequency selective surface.
GMATRIX -- Performs electromagnetic field solutions and calculates the self and mutual
conductance between multiple conductors.
HFPOWER -- Calculates power parameters for a high-frequency electromagnetic analysis.
MAPSOLVE -- Maps solved node and element solutions from an original mesh to a new mesh for
rezoning.
PSCONTROL -- Turns off shared-memory parallel operations during solution.
RDEC -- Defines the decimation parameters for reducing the number of surface elements prior to
issuing the RSURF command.
REMESH -- Specifies starting and ending remeshing points for rezoning.
REZONE -- Initiates a rezoning operation, sets rezoning options, and rebuilds the database.
RSPLIT -- Creates one or more results file(s) from the current results file based on subsets of
elements.
RSTOFF -- Offsets node or element IDs in the FE geometry record saved in the .rst results file.
Issue the command when you want to expand a superelement (SEEXP) created from an original
superelement (via a SETRAN or SESYMM command) in a transformed location.
RSURF -- Generates the radiosity surface elements based on the RSYMM and RDEC
parameters.
RSYMM -- Defines the symmetry conditions for a radiation symmetry.
SPSWP -- Computes S-parameters over a frequency range and writes them to a file. This
command offers a new Variational Technology solution method using a perfect absorber.
SSPA -- Specifies the membrane stiffness quantity for a preintegrated shell section.
SSPB -- Specifies the coupling stiffness quantity for a preintegrated shell section.
SSPD -- Specifies the bending stiffness quantity for a preintegrated shell section.
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New Features and Enhancements

SSPE -- Specifies the transverse shear stiffness quantity for a preintegrated shell section.
SSMT -- Specifies the membrane thermal effects quantity for a preintegrated shell section.
SSBT -- Specifies the bending thermal effects quantity for a preintegrated shell section.
SSPM -- Specifies the mass density and stress-free initial temperature for a preintegrated shell
section.
SWADD -- Adds more surfaces to an existing spot weld set defined by SWGEN.
SWDEL -- Deletes spot weld sets.
SWGEN -- Creates a new spot weld set. The spot weld is defined between two surface and may
be deformable or rigid.
SWLIST -- Lists spot weld sets.

1.1.11.2. Modified Commands

Changes and enhancements to the capabilities of the following commands have occurred:

BF -- Defines a nodal body force load. This command has a new option for specifying lumped
circuits in a high-frequency electromagnetic analysis.
CMSFILE -- Specifies a list of component mode synthesis (CMS) results files for plotting results
on the assembly. The command offers a new option allowing you to add any .rst file to the list of
files to plot, even if the file was not expanded via a CMS expansion pass.
CNCHECK -- This command performs several contact-related functions. The new RESET option
allows you to reset all real constants and keyoptions to their default values for the specified
contact pairs.
HFPORT -- Specifies input data for waveguide or transmission line ports or an incident plane
wave. Plane wave is a new port type option.
HROPT -- Specifies harmonic analysis options. This command offers a new Variational
Technology solution method using a perfect absorber.
MSAVE -- Sets the solver memory saving option for the PCG and DPCG solvers.The command's
default behavior has changed. For element types SOLID92, SOLID95, SOLID186, and SOLID187
when small strains are assumed (NLGEOM,OFF) and other required MSAVE conditions are met,
the default is MSAVE,ON. The default remains MSAVE,OFF for all other element types.
NLDIAG -- Specifies nonlinear diagnostics functionality. A new option allows you to track contact
diagnostics information during the solution. The information is written to a text file called
Jobname.cnd.
PLHFFAR -- Displays electromagnetic far fields and far field parameters. 2-D TE and TM plane
waves are now available for the radar cross section and normalized radar cross section options.
The RADIUS field has been changed to RADZ. For 2-D TE and TM plane wave problems, RADZ
is the thickness of the model in the z direction.
PRHFFAR -- Prints electromagnetic far fields and far field parameters. 2-D TE and TM plane
waves are now available for the radar cross section and normalized radar cross section options.
The RADIUS field has been changed to RADZ. For 2-D TE and TM plane wave problems, RADZ
is the thickness of the model in the z direction.
SECTYPE -- Associates section type information with a section ID number. The command has
new options for specifying nonlinear general beam sections (GENB) and preintegrated general
shell sections (GENS).
SEEXP -- Sets options for a substructure expansion pass. The command has a new option
allowing you to specify whether or not to transform node or element locations.
SETRAN -- Creates a superelement from an existing superelement in a substructuring or CMS
analysis. The command now allows you to specify whether the nodal coordinate systems rotate
 ANSYS Classic 9.0
New Features and Enhancements

with the superelement or remain fixed in their original global orientations.

SUCR -- Creates a surface. You can now define a cylindrical surface along a defined working
plane in your model. All surface-operation functionality is available for your cylinder, and the
surface automatically extends along the plane's Z-axis, to the opposite ends of your model.
TBFT -- Performs material curve fitting operations. You can now use temperature dependency to
generate data curves for any of the disciplines supported by curve fitting operations.

1.1.11.3. Undocumented Commands

The following commands are no longer documented and may be removed from ANSYS at a
future date:

1.1.12. ANSYS Elements

This section describes changes to elements at the ANSYS 9.0 release.

1.1.12.1. New Elements

ANSYS has been enhanced with the following new elements:

SOLSH190 -- This is a 3-D solid shell element that has translational degrees of freedom and
eight-node brick connectivity. Thus, it eliminates the problem of transitioning from solid to shell
elements. The element performs well in simulating shell structures with a wide range of
thicknesses (from extremely thin to moderately thick). It can be used for both flat plate and curved
shell models.
FOLLW201 -- A one-node 3-D element that you can overlay onto an existing node with physical
rotation degrees of freedom. The element specifies external forces and moments, following the
deformation of the structure. The element contributes follower load stiffness terms in a
geometrically nonlinear analysis (NLGEOM,ON).
SURF251/SURF252 -- Radiosity surface elements allow you to use symmetry to model radiation
problems and significantly reduce the problem size. You solve the radiation problem based on the
full radiation surface and solve the heat conduction problem based on the solid/fluid region with
specified symmetry. You must use the RSURF command to generate these elements. See the
discussion on Advanced Radiosity in the ANSYS Thermal Analysis Guide for a detailed
description of this procedure.

1.1.12.2. Modified Elements

Changes and enhancements to the capabilities of the following elements have occurred:

SHELL91 -- For this 8-layered shell element, ANSYS no longer supports the old (prior to ANSYS
5.2) format for real constants. KEYOPT(2) is no longer recognized and is now undocumented;
previously, it was necessary to set KEYOPT(2) = 1 before providing real constant values in the
old input format.
SURF151 / SURF153 -- If a single PLANE element lies beneath SURF151 or SURF153, you can
automatically set the element behavior (plane stress, axisymmetric, or plane stress with thickness
[including TKPS if applicable]), to that of the underlying solid element by specifying KEYOPT(3) =
10. This option is valid only when a single PLANE element lies beneath the SURF element. For
example, if you apply a SURF151 or SURF153 element over a PLANE77 (thermal) element
whose nodes are also used in the definition of a PLANE82 (structural) element, a warning
appears and the load is not applied to the element.
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New Features and Enhancements

SURF154 -- A new KEYOPT(2) setting applies pressure loads to the element faces according to
the local coordinate system, as follows: face 1 in the local x direction, face 2 in the local y
direction, and face 3 in the local z direction. (Faces 4 and 5 are unaffected.) When using
KEYOPT(2) = 1, a local coordinate system must be defined for the element.
SHELL181 -- This shell element now supports preintegrated general sections, where the
relationships of generalized stresses to generalized strains are input directly. When the element
is associated with the preintegrated section type (SECTYPE,,GENS), thickness or material
definitions are not required.
BEAM188 / BEAM189 -- These beam elements now support nonlinear general sections, where
the relationships of generalized stresses to generalized strains are input directly. When the beam
element is associated with a generalized beam (SECTYPE,,GENB) cross section type, the
relationship of transverse shear force to the transverse shear strain can be nonlinear elastic or
plastic, an especially useful capability when flexible spot welds are modeled.

1.1.12.3. Undocumented Elements

The following elements are no longer documented and may be removed from ANSYS at a future
date:

1.1.13. ANSYS LS-DYNA

ANSYS 9.0 has the following ANSYS LS-DYNA enhancements.