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disorder that has a free-floating cause and usually self/watching self from a distance = distortion of
defined through: surroundings anxiety, depression.
i. Statistical Definition- after taking a certain test, the Causes:
score is taken and is plotted against a bell curve. Freud et al.- habituation of repressing sth.
When it hits the middle area, you are normal. Cognitive and behavioural- it is a willful forgetting
ii. Social Norm Deviance- society is used as a basis for
normal/ not normal behaviour. 4. Mood Disorders- disorders where emotions are
iii. Subjective Discomfort- the emotional distress disrupted/disturbed.
experienced in a certain activity. Types (according to gravity):
iv. Maladaptivity- the behaviour prevents one from 1. Mild: has a cause
executing his/her daily routine. • Dysthymia ‘bad spirit’- a long lasting depression,
usu. >2 years.
Types: • Cyclothymia ‘circumambulating spirit’- from sad
1. Anxiety Disorders- disorders involving intense to happy, v.v.
irrational fear/uneasiness in four types: 2. Severe: has no obvious physical cause
i. Phobias- persistent fear of a specific stimulus (eg. • Major Depression- a sudden depression w/o an
Agoraphobia- fear of open places, social phobia=stage external cause and/or being sad for a long time
fright) >6mos.
ii. Panic disorders- sudden onset of much panic • Bipolar Disorder- severe mood swings from one
that leads to palpitations, ‘feeling of outside of self’ extreme to another.
iii. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder- constant fear Causes:
of sth. leads to repeating behaviour. Freud et al.- repressed anger
iv. Generalized Anxiety Disorder- anxiety Behavioralists- related to learned helplessness
experienced without a real cause. Socio-cognitive- negative thinking
Causes: Biological- dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine
Freud et al.- signal to repress sth.
Behaviorists- learned anxiety
1
Cognitive- irrational thinking
Biological- inherited, nervous problems
Sociocultural- context-dependent