Android Development Tutorial - Gingerbread: Lars Vogel

Android Development Tutorial - Gingerbread
Lars Vogel
Version 4.4
Copyright © 2009 - 2010 Lars Vogel
06.12.2010
Revision History
Revision 0.1 04.07.2009 Lars Vogel
Created
Revision 0.2 - 4.4 07.07.2009 - 06.12.2010 Lars Vogel
bug fixing and enhancements
Development with Android Froyo and Eclipse
This tutorial describes how to create Android applications with Eclipse. It is based on
Eclipse 3.6, Java 1.6 and Android 2.3 (Gingerbread).
Table of Contents
1. Android Development
1.1. Android Operation System
1.2. Important Android components
1.3. AndroidManifest.xml
1.4. R.java, Resources and Assets
1.5. Activities and Layouts
1.6. Activities and Lifecyle
1.7. Context
2. Installation
2.1. Android SDK
2.2. Eclipse
2.3. Configuration
2.4. Device
3. Error handling
4. Your first Android project
4.1. Create Project
4.2. Two faces of things
4.3. Create attributes
4.4. Add UI Elements
4.5. Maintain UI properties
4.6. Code your application
4.7. Start Project
4.8. Using the home menue
5. Lists
5.1. Overview
5.2. Simple ListActivities
5.3. ListActivities with own layout
5.4. ListActivities with flexible layout
6. Menu, Preferences and Intents
6.1. Project
6.2. Add a menu
6.3. Using preferences
6.4. Run
7. ContentProvider
7.1. Overview
7.2. Create contacts on your emulator
7.3. Example
8. ScrollView
9. Services and Broadcast Receiver
10. Important views
10.1. LogCat View
10.2. File explorer
11. Shell
11.1. Android Debugging Bridge - Shell
11.2. Uninstall an application via adb
11.3. Emulator Console via telnet
12. Deploy your application on a real device
13. Thank you
14. Questions and Discussion
15. Links and Literature
15.1. Source Code
15.2. Android Resources
15.3. vogella Resources
1. Android Development
1.1. Android Operation System
Android is an operating system based on Linux with a Java programming interface. It

provides tools, e.g. a compiler, debugger and a device emulator as well as its own Java
Virtual machine (Dalvik Virtual Machine - DVM). Android is created by the Open
Handset Alliance which is lead by Google.
Android uses a special Java virtual machine (Dalvik). Dalvik uses special bytecode.
Therefore you cannot run standard Java bytecode on Android. Android provides a tool
"dx" which allows to convert Java Class files into "dex" (Dalvik Executable) files.
Android applications are packed into an .apk (Android Package) file. To simplify
development Google provides the Android Development Tools (ADT) for Eclipse . The
ADT performs automatically the conversion from class to dex files and creates the apk
during deployment.
Android supports 2-D and 3-D graphics using the OpenGL libraries and supports data
storage in a SQLLite database.
Every Android applications runs in its own process and it isolated from other running
applications. Therefore on misbehaving application cannot harm other Android
applications.
1.2. Important Android components
An Android application consists out of the following parts:
 Activity - Represents the presentation layer of an Android application, e.g. a

screen which the user sees. An Android application can have several activities
and it can be switched between them during runtime of the application. The User
interface of an Activities is build with widgets classes which inherent from
"android.view.View". The layout of the views is managed by ViewGroups.
 Services - perform background activities without providing an UI. They can
notify the user via the notification framework in Android.
 Content Provider - provides data to applications, via a content provider your
application can share data with other applications. Android contains a SQLLite
DB which can serve as data provider
 Intents allow the application to request and / or provide functionality from other
services or activities. An application can call directly a service or activity
(explicit intent) or asked the Android system for registered services and
applications for an intent (implicit intents). For example the application could
ask via an intent for a contact application. Application register themself via an
IntentFilter. Intents are a powerful concept as they allow to create loosely
coupled applications.
 Broadcast Receiver - receives system messages and implicit intents, can be used
to react to changed conditions in the system. An application can register as a
broadcast receiver for certain events and can be started if such an event occurs.
Other Android parts are Android widgets or Live Folders and Live Wallpapers . Live
Folders display any source of data on the homescreen without launching the
corresponding application.
1.3. AndroidManifest.xml
An Android application is described the file "AndroidManifest.xml". This files must

declare all activities, services, broadcast receivers and content provider of the
application. It must also contain the required permissions for the application. For
example if the application requires network access it must be specified here.
"AndroidManifest.xml" can be thought as the deployment descriptor for an Android
application.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="de.vogella.android.temperature"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name=".Convert"
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category
android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="9" />
</manifest>
The "package" attribute defines the base package for the following Java elements.
"activity" defines an activity in this example pointing to the class
"de.vogella.android.temperature.Convert". For this class an intent filter is registered
which defines that this activity is started ion the application starts (action
android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"). The category definition (category
android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" ) defimes that this application is
added to the application directory on the Android device. The @ values refer to
resource files which contain the actual values. This makes it easy to provide different
resources, e.g. strings, colors, icons, for different devices and makes it easy to translate
applications.
1.4. R.java, Resources and Assets
The directory "gen" in an Android project contains generated values. "R.java" is a

generated class which contains references to resources of the "res" folder in the project.
System resources are maintained in the "res" directory and can be values, menus,
layouts, icons or pictures or animations. These resources can for example be text or
icons. If you create a new resources the corresponding reference is automatically
created in R.java. The references are static int values, the Android system provides
methods to access the corresponding resource. For example to access a String with the
reference id "R.string.yourString" use the method getString(R.string.yourString));
Please do not try to modify "R.java" manually. While "res" contains structured values
which are known to the Android platform the directory "assets" can be used to store any
kind of data. In Java you can access this data via the AssetsManager and the method
getAssets().
1.5. Activities and Layouts
The user interface for Activities is defined via layouts. The layout defines the UI
elements, their properties and their arragement. A layout can be defined via XML and
via code at runtime. The XML way is usually preferred for a fixed layout while defining
the layout via code is more flexible. You can also mix both approaches.
1.6. Activities and Lifecyle
The operating system controls the life cycle of your application. At any time the
Android system may stop or destroy your application, e.g. because of an incoming call.
The Android system defines a life cycle for an activities via pre-defined methods. The
most important methods are:
 onSaveInstanceState() - called if the activity is stopped. Used to save data so that

the activity can restore its states if re-started
 onPause() - always called if the Activity ends, can be used to release ressource
or save data
 onResume() - called if the Activity is re-started, can be used to initiaze fields
1.7. Context
The class android.content.Context provides the connections to the Android system.

Contexts provides the method getSystemService which allows to receive a manager
object for the different hardware parts. As Activities and Services extend this class you
can directly access the context via "this".
2. Installation
The following assume that you have already Eclipse installed. For details please see
Eclipse Tutorial .
2.1. Android SDK
Download the Android SDK from the Android homepage under Android SDK
download . The download contains a zip file which you can extract to any place in your
file system, e.g. I placed it under "c:\android-sdk-windows" .
2.2. Eclipse
Use the Eclipse update manager to install all available plugins for the Android
Development Tools (ADT) from the URL https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/ .
2.3. Configuration
In Eclipse open the Preferences dialog via Windows -> Preferences. Select Android and
maintain the installation path of the Android SDK.
Tip
If you maintain the location the Android plugin will remind you frequently (and for
every workspace). Join me in starring at Bug 3210 to get this improved.
Select now Window -> Android SDK and AVD Manager from the menu.
Select available packages and select the latest version of the SDK.
Press "Install selected" and confirm the license for all package. After the installation
restart Eclipse.
2.4. Device
You need to define a device which can be used for emulation. Press the device manager
button, press "New" and maintain the following.
Press "Create AVD".This will create the device. To test if you setup is correct, eelect
your device and press "Start".
After (a long time) your device should be started.
3. Error handling
Things are not always working as they should be. Several users report that get the
following errors:
1. Project ... is missing required source folder: 'gen'

2. The project could not be built until build path errors are resolved.
3. Unable to open class file R.java.
To solve this error select from the menu Project -> Clean.
If you having problems with your own code you can use the LogCat viewer as described
in LogCat Viewer .
4. Your first Android project

4.1. Create Project
Tip
This app is also available on the Android Marketplace. Search for "vogella" for find this
example.
Select File -> New -> Other -> Android -> Android Project and create the Android
project "de.vogella.android.temperature". Maintain the following.
Tip
I think this wizard should have the option to add the project to an existing working set.
Please stare at Android New Project Wizard should have the option to add to Working
set to get this functionality.
Press "Finish". This should create the following directory structure.
While "res" contains structured values which are known to the Android platform the
directory "assets" can be used to store any kind of data. In Java you can access this data
via the AssetsManager and the method getAssets().
4.2. Two faces of things
The Android SDK allows to maintain certain artifacts, e.g. strings and UI's, in two
ways, via a rich editor and directly via XML. The following description tries to use the
rich UI but for validation lists also the XML. You can switch between the two things the
the tab on the lower part of the screen. For example:
4.3. Create attributes
Android allows to create attributes for resources, e.g. for strings and / or colors. These
attributes can be used in your UI definition via XML or in your Java source code.
Select the file "res/values/string.xml" and press "Add". Select "Color" and maintain
"myColor" as the name and "#3399CC" as the value.
Add also the following "String" attributes. String attributes allow to translate the
application at a later point.
Table 1. String Attributes
Name Value
buttonHandler myClickHandler
celsius to Celsius
fahrenheit to Fahrenheit
calc Calculate
Switch to the XML representation and validate that you maintained the values correctly.

<resources>
<string name="hello">Hello World, Convert!</string>
<string name="app_name">Temperature Converter</string>
<color name="myColor">#3399CC</color>
<string name="buttonHandler">myClickHandler</string>
<string name="celsius">to Celsius</string>
<string name="fahrenheit">to Fahrenheit</string>
<string name="calc">Calculate</string>
</resources>
4.4. Add UI Elements
Select "res/layout/main.xml" and open the Android editor via double-click. This editor
allows to maintain the UI via drag and drop or directly via the XML source code. You
can switch between both representations via the tabs at the bottom of the editor. For
changing the postion and grouping elements you can use the outline view.
Delete the "Hello World, Hello!" via a right mouse click. From the "Views" bar, drag in
an "EditText". Add from the layout a "RadioGroup" and then two RadioButtons, add
one "Button". The result should look like the following and the corresponding XML is
listed below. Make sure that your code is the same as listed below.
Switch to "main.xml" and verify that your XML looks like the following.

<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<EditText android:text="@+id/EditText01" android:id="@+id/EditText01"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"></EditText>
<RadioGroup android:id="@+id/RadioGroup01"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<RadioButton android:text="@+id/RadioButton01"
android:id="@+id/RadioButton01"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"></RadioButton>
<RadioButton android:text="@+id/RadioButton02"
android:id="@+id/RadioButton02"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"></RadioButton>
</RadioGroup>
<Button android:text="@+id/Button01" android:id="@+id/Button01"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button>
</LinearLayout>
4.5. Maintain UI properties
If you select a UI element you can change its properties via the properties view. Select
EditText and change the property "Layout Width" to "fill_parent".
Assign the "celsius" string attribute to your "text" property of the first radio button and
"fahrenheit" to the second. Set the property "Checked" to true for the first RadioButton.
Assign "calc" to the text property of your button and assign "buttonHandler" to the
"onClick" property. Delete the text property in the EditText (this means no text will be
initially shown) and set the "Input type" property to "numberSigned" and "number
decimal".
Select the complete widget and use the Properties view to set the property "background"
to the color attribute "@color/myColor".
Switch to the "main.xml" tab and verify that the XML is correctly maintained.

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:background="@color/myColor">
<EditText android:id="@+id/EditText01"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:inputType="numberSigned|
numberDecimal"></EditText>
<RadioGroup android:id="@+id/RadioGroup01"
<RadioButton android:id="@+id/RadioButton01"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/celsius"
android:checked="true"></RadioButton>
<RadioButton android:id="@+id/RadioButton02"
android:text="@string/fahrenheit"></RadioButton>
</RadioGroup>
<Button android:id="@+id/Button01"
android:onClick="@string/buttonHandler"
android:text="@string/calc"></Button>
</LinearLayout>
4.6. Code your application
Change your code in "Convert.java" to the following. Note that the "myClickHandler"
will be called based on the "On Click" property of your button.
package de.vogella.android.temperature;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.RadioButton;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class Convert extends Activity {

private EditText text;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
text = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.EditText01);
// This method is called at button click because we assigned

the name to the
// "On Click property" of the button
public void myClickHandler(View view) {
switch (view.getId()) {
case R.id.Button01:
RadioButton celsiusButton = (RadioButton)
findViewById(R.id.RadioButton01);
RadioButton fahrenheitButton = (RadioButton)
findViewById(R.id.RadioButton02);
if (text.getText().length() == 0) {
Toast.makeText(
this,
"Please enter a valid
number", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return;
}
float inputValue =
Float.parseFloat(text.getText().toString());
if (celsiusButton.isChecked()) {
text.setText(String
.valueOf(convertFahrenhei
tToCelcius(inputValue)));
} else {
text.setText(String
.valueOf(convertCelciusTo
Fahrenheit(inputValue)));
}
// Switch to the other button
if (fahrenheitButton.isChecked()) {
fahrenheitButton.setChecked(false);
celsiusButton.setChecked(true);
} else {
fahrenheitButton.setChecked(true);
celsiusButton.setChecked(false);
}
break;
}
}
// Converts to celcius
private float convertFahrenheitToCelcius(float fahrenheit) {
return ((fahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9);
}
// Converts to fahrenheit
private float convertCelciusToFahrenheit(float celsius) {
return ((celsius * 9) / 5) + 32;
}
}
4.7. Start Project
To start the Android Application, select your project, right click on it, Run-As->
Android Application Be patient, the emulator starts up very slow. You should get the
following result.
Type in a number, select your conversion and press the button. The result should be
displayed and the other option should get selected.
4.8. Using the home menue
If you press the Home button you can also select your application.
5. Lists
5.1. Overview
List can be used to display a scrollable list of items. You can either use lists in your
layout or if the purpose of your Activity is to show primary a list you can extend
ListActivities which provides nice hocks for typical actions for lists.
5.2. Simple ListActivities
A ListActivity extends Activity and simplifies the approach to show several objects in a
list. It extends the standard Activity with a standard ListView Elements, callbacks for
list events, e..g for selecting a list element and helper methods to access the current list
position and the selected element(s).
To test this create a new Android project "de.vogella.android.listactivity" with the

activity "MyList". You do not need to change the default layout "main.xml". Create the
following activity.
package de.vogella.android.listactivity;
import android.app.ListActivity;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
public class MyList extends ListActivity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */

public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
super.onCreate(icicle);
// Create an array of Strings, that will be put to our
ListActivity
String[] names = new String[] { "Linux", "Windows7",
"Eclipse", "Suse", "Ubuntu", "Solaris", "Android", "iPhone"};
// Create an ArrayAdapter, that will actually make the
Strings above
// appear in the ListView
this.setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_checked, names));
}
@Override
protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int
position, long id) {
super.onListItemClick(l, v, position, id);
// Get the item that was clicked
Object o = this.getListAdapter().getItem(position);
String keyword = o.toString();
Toast.makeText(this, "You selected: " + keyword,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
}
}
5.3. ListActivities with own layout
The example above is boring, as only text is shown. You can also define your own
layout for the rows and assign this layout to your row adapter. We will add a graphic to
each list entry.
Create the following layout file "rowlayout.xml" in the res/layout folder of your project
"de.vogella.android.listactivity".

<LinearLayout
<ImageView android:id="@+id/icon"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/icon"
android:layout_width="22px" android:layout_marginTop="4px"
android:layout_marginRight="4px" android:layout_marginLeft="4px">
</ImageView>
<TextView android:text="@+id/TextView01"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/label"
android:textSize="30px"></TextView>
</LinearLayout>
Change your activity "MyList" to the following. This is almost the same coding as in
the previous example, the only difference is that we are using our own layout in the
ArrayAdapter and telling the adapter which UI element should contains the text.
package de.vogella.android.listactivity2;
public class MyLayoutList extends ListActivity {

ListActivity
"Eclipse", "Suse",
"Ubuntu", "Solaris", "Android", "iPhone"
};
// Use your own layout and point the adapter to the UI
elements which contains the label
this.setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
R.layout.rowlayout,
R.id.label, names));
}
@Override
Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
}
}
5.4. ListActivities with flexible layout
The above example uses one layout for all rows. If you want to influence the display of
the different rows you can also define your own adapter and implement your own
getView() method. This method is responsible for creating the listview. In this method
we will read the pre-defined layout via LayoutInflator and return one individual view
per row.
Create the following class "MyArrayAdapter.java".
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MyArrayAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<String> {

private final Activity context;
private final String[] names;
public MyArrayAdapter(Activity context, String[] names) {

super(context, R.layout.rowlayout, names);
this.context = context;
this.names = names;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup
parent) {
LayoutInflater inflater = context.getLayoutInflater();
View rowView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.rowlayout,
null, true);
TextView label = (TextView)

rowView.findViewById(R.id.label);
label.setText(names[position]);
System.out.println(names[position]);
// Change the icon for Windows and iPhone
if (names[position].startsWith("Windows7") ||
names[position].startsWith("iPhone") ) {
ImageView imageView = (ImageView)
rowView.findViewById(R.id.icon);
imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.alt_window_16);
}
return rowView;
}
public class MyList extends ListActivity {

ListActivity
"Eclipse", "Suse", "Ubuntu", "Solaris", "Android", "iPhone"};
this.setListAdapter(new MyArrayAdapter(this, names));
}
@Override
Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
}
}
6. Menu, Preferences and Intents
6.1. Project
This chapter will demonstrate how to create and evaluate a menu, how to define
preferences and how to navigate between activities via an intent . Create a project
"de.vogella.android.preferences" with the activity "HelloPreferences". Change the UI in
the file "/res/layout/main.xml" to the following:

<LinearLayout
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Show
Preferences"></Button>
</LinearLayout>
6.2. Add a menu
Menus can be defined via XML files. Select your project, right click on it and select
New -> Other -> Android -> "Android XML File".
Press Add and select "Item". Maintain the following value. This defines the entries in
your menu. We will have only one entry.
Change your class "HelloPreferences" to the following. The OnCreateOptionsMenu

method is used to create the menu. Please note that at the moment nothing happens if
you select this menu. The behavior will be later implemented in the method
"onOptionsItemSelected".
package de.vogella.android.preferences;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
public class HelloPreferences extends Activity {
@Override
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu, menu);
return true;
}
}
Run your application and press "Menu" on the emulator. Your menu should be
displayed.
6.3. Using preferences
Preference values can also be stored as a XML resource. Create another Android XML
File "preferences.xml" this time of type preferences.
Press Add, add a category and add two preferences "EditTextPreferences" to this
category : "User" and "Password".
Create the class "Preferences" which will load the "preference.xml".
import android.preference.PreferenceActivity;
public class Preferences extends PreferenceActivity {

@Override
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences);
}
}
Select "AndroidManifest.xml" and the tab "Application". Add the activity

"Preferences".
To use the preferences add a button to your main.xml with the id "@+id/Button01" and
change the coding of HelloPreferences to the following.
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class HelloPreferences extends Activity {

SharedPreferences preferences;

@Override
Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button01);
// Initialize preferences
preferences =
PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String username =
preferences.getString("username", "n/a");
String password =
preferences.getString("password", "n/a");
Toast.makeText(HelloPreferences.this,
"You maintained user: " +
username + " and password: " + password,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu, menu);
return true;
}
// This method is called once the menu is selected

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
// We have only one menu option
case R.id.preferences:
// Launch Preference activity
Intent i = new Intent(HelloPreferences.this,
Preferences.class);
startActivity(i);
// A toast is a view containing a quick little
message for the user.
Toast.makeText(HelloPreferences.this,
"Here you can maintain your user
credentials.",
break;
}
return true;
}
}
6.4. Run
Run your application. Press the "menu" hardware button and then select your menu item
"Preferences". You should be able to enter your user settings then press the back
hardware button to return to your main activity and press the button. The saved values
should be displayed in a small message windows (Toast).
7. ContentProvider
7.1. Overview
ContentProvider are used to provide data from an application to another.

ContentProvider do not store the data but provide the interface for other applications to
access the data.
The following example will use an existing context provider from "Contacts".
7.2. Create contacts on your emulator
Select the home menu and then the menu entry "Contacts" to create contacts.
Press Menu and select "New Contact".
As a result you should have a few new contacts.
7.3. Example
Create a new Android project "de.vogella.android.contentprovider" with the activity

"ContactsView".
Rename the id of the the existing TextView from the example wizard to "contactview".
Delete the default text. Also change the layout_height to "fill_parent".
The resulting main.xml should look like the following.

<LinearLayout
<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:id="@+id/contactview" />
</LinearLayout>
In AndroidManifest.xml add the User Permission that the application can use
"android.permission.READ_CONTACTS".
Change the coding of the activity.
package de.vogella.android.contentprovider;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.provider.ContactsContract;
public class ContactsView extends Activity {

@Override
TextView contactView = (TextView)
findViewById(R.id.contactview);
Cursor cursor = getContacts();
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
String displayName = cursor.getString(cursor

.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract
.Data.DISPLAY_NAME));
contactView.append("Name: ");
contactView.append(displayName);
contactView.append("\n");
}
}
private Cursor getContacts() {

// Run query
Uri uri = ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI;
String[] projection = new String[]
{ ContactsContract.Contacts._ID,
ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME };
String selection =
ContactsContract.Contacts.IN_VISIBLE_GROUP + " = '"
+ ("1") + "'";
String[] selectionArgs = null;
String sortOrder =
ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME
+ " COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC";
return managedQuery(uri, projection, selection,

selectionArgs,
sortOrder);
}
8. ScrollView
ScrollViews can be used to contain one child that might be to big to fit on one screen. If
the child is to big the ScrollView will display a scroll bar to scroll the context. Of
course the child can be a layout which can then contain other elements.
Create an android project "de.vogella.android.scrollview" with the activity

"ScrollView". Create the following layout and class.
<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:fillViewport="true">
<LinearLayout android:id="@+id/LinearLayout01"
android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
<TextView android:id="@+id/TextView01"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="This is a header"
android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge"
android:paddingLeft="8dip" android:paddingRight="8dip"
android:paddingTop="8dip"></TextView>
<TextView android:text="@+id/TextView02"
android:id="@+id/TextView02" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1.0"></TextView>
<LinearLayout android:id="@+id/LinearLayout02"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Submit"
android:layout_weight="1.0"></Button>
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Cancel"
android:layout_weight="1.0"></Button>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>
package de.vogella.android.scrollview;
public class ScrollView extends Activity {

@Override
TextView view = (TextView)
findViewById(R.id.TextView02);
String s="";
for (int i=0; i < 100; i++) {
s += "vogella.de ";
}
view.setText(s);
}
}
The attribute "android:fillViewport="true"" ensures that the the scrollview is set to the
full screen even if the elements are smaller then one screen and the "layout_weight" tell
the android system that these elements should be extended.
9. Services and Broadcast Receiver

The Android platform provides a lot of pre-defined services, usually exposed via a
Manager class. In this chapter we will use the AlertManager and VibratorManager. The
alarm manager will in our example our own broadcast receiver.
Create a new project "de.vogella.android.alarm" with the activity "AlarmActivity".

Create the following layout.

<LinearLayout
<EditText android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/time"
android:hint="Number of seconds"
android:inputType="numberDecimal"></EditText><Button
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/ok"
android:onClick="startAlert" android:text="Start Counter"></Button>
</LinearLayout>
Create the following broadcast receiver class. This class will get the Vibrator service.
package de.vogella.android.alarm;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Vibrator;
public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "Don't panik but your time is
up!!!!.",
// Vibrate the mobile phone
Vibrator vibrator = (Vibrator)
context.getSystemService(Context.VIBRATOR_SERVICE);
vibrator.vibrate(2000);
}
Maintain this class as broadcast receiver in "AndroidManifest.mf" and allow the vibrate
authorization.

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="de.vogella.android.alarm" android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon"
<activity android:name=".AlarmActivity"
<intent-filter>
<action
android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category
android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
android:enabled="true">
</receiver>
</application>
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE"></uses-
permission>
</manifest>
Now define your main Activitiy. This activity will create an Intent for the Broadcast
receiver and get the AlarmManager service.
package de.vogella.android.alarm;
import android.app.AlarmManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.widget.EditText;
public class AlarmActivity extends Activity {
@Override
}
public void startAlert(View view) {

EditText text = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.time);
int i = Integer.parseInt(text.getText().toString());
Intent intent = new Intent(this,
MyBroadcastReceiver.class);
PendingIntent pendingIntent =
PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
this.getApplicationContext(), 234324243,
intent, 0);
AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager)
getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
alarmManager.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP,
System.currentTimeMillis()
+ (i * 1000), pendingIntent);
Toast.makeText(this, "Alarm set in " + i + " seconds",
}
10. Important views
10.1. LogCat View
You can see the log (including System.out.print() statements) via the LogCat view.
10.2. File explorer
The file explorer allows to see the files on the android simulator.
11. Shell
11.1. Android Debugging Bridge - Shell
You can access your Android emulator also via the console. Open a shell, switch to
your "android-sdk" installation directory into the folder "tools". Start the shell via the
following command "adb shell".
adb shell
This will connect you to your device and give you Linux command line access to the
underlying file system, e.g. ls, rm, mkdir, etc. The application data is stored in the
directory "/data/data/package_of_your_app".
If you have several devices running you can issue commands to one individuel device.
# Lists all devices

adb devices
#Result
List of devices attached
emulator-5554 attached
emulator-5555 attached
# Issue a command to a specific device
adb -s emulator-5554 shell
11.2. Uninstall an application via adb
You can uninstall an android application via the shell. Switch the the data/app directory
(cd /data/app) and simply delete your android application.
11.3. Emulator Console via telnet
Alternatively to adb you can also use telnet to connect to the device. This allows you to
simulate certain things, e.g. incoming call, change the network "stability", set your
current geocodes, etc. Use "telnet localhost 5554" to conntect to your simulated device.
To exit the console session, use the command "quit" or "exit".
For example to change the power settings of your phone, to receive an sms and to get an
incoming call make the following.
# connects to device
telnet localhost 5554
# set the power level
power status full
power status charging
# make a call to the device
gsm call 012041293123
# send a sms to the device
sms send 12345 Will be home soon
# set the geo location
For more information on the emulator console please see Emulator Console manual
12. Deploy your application on a real device

Turn on "USB Debugging" on your device in the settings. Select in the settings
Applications > Development, then enable USB debugging. You also need to install the
driver for your mobile phone. For details please see Developing on a Device . Please
note that the Android version you are developing for must be the installed version on
your phone.
To select your phone, select the "Run Configurations", select "Manual" selection and
select your device.
13. Thank you

Android Development Tutorial - Gingerbread: Lars Vogel

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Android Development Tutorial - Gingerbread

Copyright © 2009 - 2010 Lars Vogel

Development with Android Froyo and Eclipse

Android is an operating system based on Linux with a Java programming interface. It

1.2. Important Android components

An Android application consists out of the following parts:

 Activity - Represents the presentation layer of an Android application, e.g. a

An Android application is described the file "AndroidManifest.xml". This files must

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

1.4. R.java, Resources and Assets

The directory "gen" in an Android project contains generated values. "R.java" is a

1.5. Activities and Layouts

1.6. Activities and Lifecyle

 onSaveInstanceState() - called if the activity is stopped. Used to save data so that

The class android.content.Context provides the connections to the Android system.

After (a long time) your device should be started.

1. Project ... is missing required source folder: 'gen'

4. Your first Android project

Press "Finish". This should create the following directory structure.

4.2. Two faces of things

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<EditText android:text="@+id/EditText01" android:id="@+id/EditText01"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

4.6. Code your application

public class Convert extends Activity {

// This method is called at button click because we assigned

4.8. Using the home menue

To test this create a new Android project "de.vogella.android.listactivity" with the

public class MyList extends ListActivity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

5.3. ListActivities with own layout

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

public class MyLayoutList extends ListActivity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

5.4. ListActivities with flexible layout

Create the following class "MyArrayAdapter.java".

public class MyArrayAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<String> {

public MyArrayAdapter(Activity context, String[] names) {

TextView label = (TextView)

public class MyList extends ListActivity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

Change your class "HelloPreferences" to the following. The OnCreateOptionsMenu

Create the class "Preferences" which will load the "preference.xml".

public class Preferences extends PreferenceActivity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

Select "AndroidManifest.xml" and the tab "Application". Add the activity

public class HelloPreferences extends Activity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

// This method is called once the menu is selected

ContentProvider are used to provide data from an application to another.

7.2. Create contacts on your emulator

Press Menu and select "New Contact".

As a result you should have a few new contacts.

Create a new Android project "de.vogella.android.contentprovider" with the activity

The resulting main.xml should look like the following.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

Change the coding of the activity.

public class ContactsView extends Activity {

Cursor cursor = getContacts();

String displayName = cursor.getString(cursor

private Cursor getContacts() {