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2)Мотивация и ее преимущества
На простом уровне кажется очевидным, что люди делают что-то, например, идут на
работу, чтобы получить то, что хотят, и избежать того, чего не хотят. Почему именно, они
хотят того, что они делают, и не хотят того, чего не делают, все еще остается загадкой.
Это черный ящик, и он еще не полностью открыт.
4)Теория Маслоу
Все потребности структурированы в иерархию, и только после того, как более низкий
уровень потребностей будет полностью удовлетворен, работник будет мотивирован для
удовлетворения следующей потребности в иерархии. Например, человек, который
умирает от голода, будет мотивирован на получение базовой заработной платы, чтобы
покупать еду, прежде чем беспокоиться о наличии надежного трудового договора или
уважения других.
5)Теория Герцберга
Например, в то время как некоторые люди могут желать власти, не каждый хочет быть
могущественным любой ценой. Точно так же, хотя некоторые люди избегают внимания
любой ценой, многие все-таки хотят получать небольшую похвалу. Большинство людей
не существует в крайностях каждой потребности.
Определить потребности каждого члена команды. Если у вас не так много опыта в
определении психотипов сотрудников или просто не очень хорошо знаете свою команду,
вы можете попросить их оценить важность каждой потребности теории Макклелланда для
себя самостоятельно.
Решить, как вы будете корректировать свой стиль и подход к каждому члену команды.
Основное в теории Макклелланда:
7)Теория Врума
Эта теория призвана объединить многие элементы предыдущих теорий. Она сочетает
перцептивные аспекты теории справедливости с поведенческими аспектами других
теорий.
Теория ожиданий может помочь понять, как отдельные члены команды принимают
решения о поведенческих альтернативах на рабочем месте.
Самая большая выгода от теории мотивации ожидания Врума состоит в том, что:
Награды должны быть связаны непосредственно с производительностью
Способ выбора награды должен быть прозрачным
Награды должны быть заслуженными
Награды должны быть желанными
Основное в теории Врума
Теория ожидания является теорией мотивации на рабочем месте. В ней говорится, что
человек в вашей команде будет мотивирован, когда он верит, что может достичь своих
целей и знает, что будет вознагражден за них, и он ценит награду. Таким образом,
заслуженно награждая всех членов команды, вы можете создавать высоко
мотивированный персонал и высокоэффективные команды.
1) Motivation matters a lot for business. Motivated employees are better performing, more
productive, and more involved. An important task for executives and HR managers is to create
a work environment in which employees feel motivated and efficient.
Motivation comes from the pleasure of the job itself and the desire to achieve certain goals,
such as making more money or getting a promotion.
Better performance. This can lead to a reduction in the cost of the products the company
produces, and thus allows the organization to sell its product at a lower price and gain a market
advantage.
Lower absenteeism as employees are happy with their work lives.
Reduced employee turnover (the number of employees leaving the business). This can lead to
lower training and recruiting costs.
Satisfied employees give the company a good reputation as an employer, making it easier to
find the best talent.
Motivated employees can improve product quality and customer service.
What are the theories of motivation
At a simple level, it seems obvious that people are doing something, like going to work to get
what they want and to avoid what they don't want. Exactly why they want what they do and do
not want what they don’t do is still a mystery. This is a black box and is not fully open yet.
Content theories are the earliest theories of motivation. In the work environment, they have
had the greatest impact on management practice, while in academia they have been the least
accepted. Content theories are also called needs theories: they try to define our needs and
connect motivation to meeting those needs. Content theories cannot fully explain what
motivates or demotivates us. Process theories deal with how motivation occurs and which
process can influence our motivation.
4) Maslow's theory
Maslow focused on the psychological needs of employees. He advanced the theory that there
are five levels in the hierarchy of human needs that employees must perform at work.
All needs are structured in a hierarchy, and only after the lower level of needs is fully satisfied,
the employee will be motivated to meet the next need in the hierarchy. For example, a person
who is dying of hunger will be motivated to receive a basic wage to buy food before worrying
about having a secure employment contract or respecting others.
Meeting basic work needs such as a comfortable place to work, a decent salary, insurance will
help employees move up the pyramid, which means they can be more efficient, creative and
creative. Therefore, the main task of the employer is to provide employees with comfortable
working conditions.
The company must offer various incentives to employees to help them meet each need in turn
and move up the hierarchy. Managers must also recognize that not all employees are
motivated in the same way and not all progress up the hierarchy at the same pace. Therefore,
you may have to offer a slightly different set of incentives for different employees.
Employees are motivated by meeting each level of needs in the order they move up the
hierarchy.
Levels of needs: physical, safety, social, self-esteem, self-realization.
A company must fully meet a more basic level of employee needs before they are motivated to
reach higher levels of need.
5) Herzberg theory
Herzberg argued that there are certain factors that a business can implement:
6) McClelland's theory
McClelland's theory differs from Maslow's theory, which focuses on satisfying existing needs
rather than creating or developing them.
For example, while some people may desire power, not everyone wants to be powerful at all
costs. Likewise, while some people avoid attention at all costs, many still want a little
compliment. Most people do not exist at the extremes of every need.
Determine the needs of each team member. If you do not have much experience in defining
the psychotypes of employees or you just do not know your team very well, you can ask them to
evaluate the importance of each need of McClelland's theory for themselves.
Decide how you will adjust your style and approach to each team member.
7) Vroom's theory
The theory is based on the assumption that our behavior is based on a conscious choice from a
set of possible alternative behaviors. According to expectation theory, the behavior we choose
will always be the one that maximizes our pleasure and minimizes negative emotions.
This theory is intended to combine many elements of the previous theories. It combines the
perceptual aspects of the theory of justice with the behavioral aspects of other theories.
M (motivation) is a value that determines how much a person will be motivated by the situation
in which he finds himself.
E (expectation) - a person's perception that efforts will lead to results. In other words, a
person's assessment of the degree to which effort actually correlates with performance.
I (assistance) - a person's perception that work will be rewarded, i.e. a person's assessment of
how well the amount of remuneration relates to the quality of performance.
V (valence) is the perceived strength of the reward that will result from performance. If the
reward is small, the motivation will be small, even if the duration and contribution are high.
Note that the model is framed in terms of extrinsic motivation, which asks, "What are the
chances that I will be rewarded if I do a good job?" But for internal situations, we will think
differently: "How will it be good for me if I can do this?"
Expectations theory can help understand how individual team members make decisions about
behavioral alternatives in the workplace.
The biggest benefit of Vroom's expectation motivation theory is that:
Rewards should be directly related to performance
The way in which rewards are selected should be transparent.
The awards must be well deserved
The rewards must be coveted
Basics of Vroom's theory
Expectation theory is a theory of workplace motivation. It says that a person on your team will
be motivated when they believe they can achieve their goals and knows they will be rewarded
for them, and they value the reward. Thus, by rewarding all team members deservedly, you can
create highly motivated staff and highly effective teams.