VENTILATION RATE PROCEDURE

ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

Lynn G. Bellenger, PE
ASHRAE Fellow
Pathfinder Engineers LLP

ASHRAE Winter Meeting

Orlando, FL
February 9, 2005
Ventilation Rate Procedure

Section 6.2 Ventilation Rate Procedure

§ Prescriptive Approach

Section 6.3 Indoor Air Quality Procedure

§ Performance Approach
Ventilation Rate Procedure

Section 6.2 Ventilation Rate Procedure

§ 6.2.1 Outdoor Air Treatment
§ 6.2.2 Zone Calculations
§ 6.2.3 Single Zone Systems
§ 6.2.4 100% Outdoor Air System

continued . . .
Ventilation Rate Procedure

Section 6.2 Ventilation Rate Procedure

§ 6.2.5 Multiple-Zone Recirculating Systems
§ 6.2.6 Design for Varying Operating
Conditions
§ 6.2.7 Dynamic Reset
§ 6.2.8 Exhaust Ventilation
§ 6.2.9 Ventilation in Smoking Areas
Outdoor Air Treatment

§ Required if National Ambient Air Quality

Standards (NAAQS) exceeded for
particulate matter or ozone
§ Exceptions: systems supplying enclosed
parking garages, warehouses, storage
rooms, janitor’s closets, trash rooms,
recycling areas, shipping/receiving/-
distribution areas
Outdoor Air Treatment

Particulate Matter
§ If national standard for PM10 exceeded
§ Particulate filters or air cleaning devices
§ MERV 6 or higher*
§ Rated per ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999

*Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value

Air Data for PM10

Particulate Matter Nonattainment Area Map

Outdoor Air Treatment

Ozone
§ If second-highest daily maximum one hour
concentration exceeds 0.160 ppm
§ Requires air cleaning devices
§ Minimum removal efficiency of 40%
§ Operate when > 0.160 ppm forecast
§ When Air Quality Index forecast > 151
Outdoor Air Treatment

Ozone
§ Exception: if the minimum system design
outdoor intake flow results in 1.5 air
changes per hour or less
§ Exempts most office, retail space, but not
classrooms
Air Data for PM10

1-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area Map

Rationale for New Rates

§ Explicitly recognizes building as a source of

indoor air pollutants
§ Explicitly accounts for ventilation efficiency
§ More studies to guide rate selection
• Almost exclusively offices
§ No smoking
§ Rates still largely based on judgment and
experience of Project Committee
Outdoor Air Intake Flow

Design Steps
§ Determine breathing zone outdoor airflow
§ Determine zone air distribution
effectiveness
§ Determine zone outdoor airflow
§ Determine system outdoor air intake flow
Outdoor Air Intake Flow

Breathing zone outdoor airflow

§ Breathing zone
§ People component handles occupant
related contaminants
§ Building component handles materials and
furnishings & non-occupant activities and
processes
Breathing Zone Outdoor Airflow

§ Determine breathing zone outdoor airflow

Vbz = RpPz + RaAz

where

Rp = Outdoor airflow rate/person, Table 6-1

Pz = Zone population
Ra = Outdoor airflow rate/unit area, Table 6-1
Az = Zone floor area
Outdoor Air Intake Flow

§ Example: 1000 SF office space

Vbz = RpPz + RaAz

where

Rp = 5 cfm per person

Pz = 5 people
Ra = 0.06 cfm per square foot
Az = 1000 square feet
Outdoor Air Intake Flow

§ Example: 1000 SF office space

Vbz = (5 cfm)(5 peo) + (0.06 cfm/SF)(1000 SF)

= 25 cfm + 60 cfm = 85 cfm

= 17 cfm per person

 Ventilation Rates Compared

Standard 62.1-2004 62-2001

People Area Density Combined CFM/

Space Use CFM/Pers CFM/SF /1000 SF CFM/Pers Person

Office space* 5 0.06 5 17 20

Conference Rm 5 0.06 50 6 20

Auditorium 5 0.06 150 5 15

Dining 7.5 0.18 70 10 20

Classroom** 10 0.12 35 13 15

*Default density was 7 peo/1000 ft2 for office space

**Default density was 50 peo/1000 ft2 for classrooms
Outdoor Air Intake Flow

Design Steps
ü Determine breathing zone outdoor airflow
§ Determine zone air distribution
effectiveness
• Table 6.2
• Supply air temperature v. space
• Supply diffuser location
• Return grille location
Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness

Ez = 1.0 Ceiling supply of cool air

Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness

Ez = 1.0 Ceiling supply of warm air and floor return

Ez = 0.8 Ceiling supply of warm air 15°F or more
above space temp and ceiling return
Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness

Ez = 1.0 Floor supply of warm air and floor return

Ez = 0.7 Floor supply of warm air and ceiling return
Outdoor Air Intake Flow

Design Steps
ü Determine breathing zone outdoor airflow
ü Determine zone air distribution
effectiveness
§ Determine zone outdoor airflow
Voz = V bz/Ez
Zone Outdoor Airflow
Voz = Vbz/Ez

Ez Air Distribution Vbz Voz

1.0 Ceiling supply of cool air 85 85
1.0 Ceiling supply of warm air & floor 85 85
return
0.8 Ceiling supply of warm air 15°F or 85 106
more above space temp and ceiling
return
1.0 Floor supply of warm air & floor return 85 85
0.7 Floor supply of warm air & ceiling 85 121
return
Outdoor Air Intake Flow

Design Steps
ü Determine breathing zone outdoor airflow
ü Determine zone air distribution
effectiveness
ü Determine zone outdoor airflow
§ Determine system outdoor air intake flow
Outdoor Air Intake Flow

§ Single-Zone Systems
Vot = V oz

§ 100% Outdoor Air Systems

Vot = Sall zonesVoz