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MCITP

 Network: The physical connection between two or more systems called as

network.
 Networking: The physical connection between two or more systems in order to
share resources like a HDD, Drivers, Data………..etc, called as networking.
Based on networks are three types:-
They are
 1. LAN – Local Area Network – 2.km
 2. MAN – Metro Area Network – 30km
 3. WAN – Wide Area Network – World Wide
Operation systems based on networks are two types:-
 Homo Genius Network:-In this network the system running same platform
called as homo genius network.

Hetro Genious Network:-In this network the systems are running with different
company operating called as hetro genious network.

 Topology:-Designs of networks is called as topology. They are four

types.
 Bus
 Ring
 Star
 Mesh

♦ BUS:-In this network the system are connected end to end from along chain
called as BUS Topology.
• Requirements:-
 Co-Axial cable
 T – Connectors
 Terminators
 BNC Connector
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•Advantages:-It is used in small offices & home networks.

•Dis-Advantages:-
 Difficult to configure
 Difficult to troubleshoot
 A single system damage collapse the entire network
RING TOPOLOGY:-It is same line Bus topology but with out use terminators
to connect to gether from a loop.
• Requirements:-
 Co-Axial cable
 T – Connector
 BNC Connector

• Advantages:-It is used in small offices & home networks.

• Dis-Advantages:-
 Difficult to configure
 Difficult to troubleshoot
 A single system damage collapses the entire network.
♦ Star Topology: - Without using no. of cables we can connect no. of systems in
a network. By using single cable, which is in connecting on a junction box,
called as Star Topology.
• Requirements:-
 Twisted Paris cable
 RJ 45 Jack
 NIC card
 HUB/Switch

• Advantages:-
 Easy to configure
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 Easy to troubleshoot
 It is large networks. We can connect no. of systems in network.

♦ Mesh Topology:-It is a combination of above three topologies in an

environment.
• Cables:- (x-1) (x*2)
(6-1) 6*2
(5)3
15.

Minimum requirements to establish network b/w two or more systems.

 HARDWARE SOFTWARE

• System Any O.S

• NIC card NIC Drivers
• Cables Protocol
• Connections Clints
• Devices Service
( HUB . Switch, Modem , router )

♦ System:-It is an electronic device. It works on electrically.

computer normal voltage 240v A.C, D.C voltage +12,+5,-12,-
5,+3.3v
♦ NIC:-It is also called network interface card, LAN card, eather net
card, network card & networking card. It is used to transmit the
data system to NIC cable & NIC cable to system through headers
language.
♦ Cable:-These are three types
• Co-Axial cable
• Twisted pair
• Fiber optical cable
 Co-Axial:- It comes with single copper lead covered with insulative state
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 Twisted Pair:-These are two types

 UTP- Un Shielded twisted pairs
 STP – Shielded twisted pairs.
The main difference between UTP/STP, UTP supports EMI.STP doesn’t supports EMI.
EMI  Electro Magnet Interface

CABLE types
CAT -1  It transmit any vice
CAT - 2  4mbps transmit the data
CAT - 3  10mbps
CAT - 4  16mbps
CAT - 5  100mbps
CAT -5e  1gbps
CAT -6  Beyond 1gbps

Twisted Pairs Cable Designs:-

Straight Cable
Cross Cable
Reverse cable
Straight Cable:-
Orange ------------- orange
orange White ------------- orange White
Green ------------- Green
Green White ------------- Green White
Blue -------------- Blue
Blue White -------------- Blue White
Brown -------------- Brown
Brown White -------------- Brown White

Cross Cable:-
Orange ------------- Green
Orange White ------------- Blue White
Green ------------- Orange
Green White ------------- Green White
Blue -------------- Blue
Blue White -------------- Orange White
Brown -------------- Brown
Brown White -------------- Brown White
Ex:-
1-3
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2-6
3-1
6-2

Reverse Cable:-

Orange ------------- Brown White

Orange White ------------- Brown
Green ------------- Blue White
Green White ------------- Blue
Blue -------------- Green White
Blue White -------------- Green
Brown -------------- Orange White
Brown White -------------- Orange

Fiber Optical Cable:-

This cable is used in Wide Area Network & the data transfer rate is very high.

Connectors:-These are two types. They are

T- Connector
Rj 45
T- connector:-These types of connectors are used in BUS, RING, MESH, and
TOPOLOGY by using co-axial
RJ-45 :-These types of connectors are used in star topology, by using twisted pair
cables. It has 8 pins

Devices:-HUB, Switch, Router, Modem.

HUB: - It is an junction box; through we can connect no. of systems in a network. It
contains no. of ports The general speed of HUB is 10-100mbps.The data transfer rate
divides the HUB
Switch:-It works on same like as HUB but it is advanced than HUB. Because it comes
with a piece of software. It maintains the address of the system at port.
Switch follows point – to – point communication.
Router:-It shows the easiest way to each the destination. It is used to communicate the
system which we are in different networks
.
Software Requirements

O.S:- It is a group of executable programs. It is interface between user & hardware

Devices
.
O.S available In two models.
CUI - Mode
GUI - Mode
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Operating Systems:-
Microsoft - Dos, Windows
Sun - Solaris
Apple - AppleTalk, Mechtash
Novell - Netware
Cisco - UNIX
Red hat -Linux

Microsoft Operating Systems:-

Dos - 1985 - 1.1----6.22
Win9.5 - 1995 - 3.0
Win 97 - 1997 -4.0
Win 98 -1998 - 4.1
Win ME -2000 - 5.0
Win NT -4.0
Win 2000 - 2000 -5.0
Win Xp - 2002 -5.1
Win 2003 -2003 -5.2
Win – Vista -2007 -6.0
Win .2008 -2008 -6.0
Win.7 -2009 -6.1
The total Microsoft operating systems divided in two types.
9x- family
NT family
9x Family:-
DOS
Win 95
Win 97
Win 98
Win 98 SE
Win ME
NT family:-
- Sp1
Win NT4.0 - Sp2
-Sp3

Win 2000 --Server

--Professional
--Advanced Server
--Data Center

Win XP --Home
--Professional - --Xp1
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--Xp2
--Xp3

Crystal - XP
Blue - XP
Black -XP

Win -2003 --Web edition

--Enterprise
--Standard
--Data Center

--Home
Win Vista - --Business
--Ultimate
--Home basic

-- Enterprise
Win 2008 - -- Standard
-- Data Center

Win 7- -- Home
--Business
--Ultimate

NIC Drivers: - It is a piece of software which is used to interface between device &
operating system.
Protocol: - It is a piece of software which is used to communicate the one system to
another system in a network.
Types of protocols’:-
NET BEUI
IPS/SPX
APPLE TALK
TCP/IP

Client:-It is used for Microsoft network which is used to access the data from client
computers.
Service:-File and print sharing service which is used to share the resources in a network.

ADDRESS
Basically address is two types.
Physical Address:-It is called as MAC address, built in network card.
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(Media Access Controller)

In this address used in 0-9 numbers. A-F letters
To view the physical address

Start
|
RUN
|
CMD
|
Ok.
C:\getmac

Logical Address:-It is a 32 bit address built in protocol logical address is called as

IP address. The total logical address divided into 5 classes.
Class – A ---- 1 to 126
Class – B ---- 128 to 191
Class – C ---- 192 to 223
Class – D ---- 224 to 239
Class – E ---- 240 to 255

The IP address should be start in 1.0.0.1

The IP address can’t start the 0 and 255 doesn’t end the 0 and 255
 To view and add the IP address in XP & server-2003

My Network Places
|
R/C
|
Properties
|
Local Area Network
|
Properties
|
TCP/IP
|
Properties

To view and add the IP address in 2008 & Vista

My Network
|
Properties
|
View Status
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|
Local Area Network
|
Properties
|
TCP/IP
|
Properties

Class N/W Bit Host Bit

A 1 3
B 2 2
C 3 1
To view & modify the Host name (computer name)

My Computer
|
R/C
|
Properties
|
Computer Name
|
Change

To view add & modify host name in 2008

My Computer
|
R/C
|
Properties
|
Charge Settings
|
Computer Name
|
Change.

Errors:-
Requested timed out
The problem is physical connections.
Ex:-LAN card, Jack---------e.t.c
Destination host unreachable
The network IP’s different in a network.
Ex:-100.0.0.1, 100.0.0.2
IP Conflict
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The two systems IP address same in a network.

Ex: - 100.0.0.1
100.0.0.1

Features of NT Based Operating System:-

1. We can configure as Server & Work Systems
2. SMP (Symmetrical Multiprocessing) Support
3. Max. RAM support is 4GB
4. Domain Architecture
5. Profit concepts for user accounts
6. Servers (DHCP, WINS, DNS, IIS, FTP)
7. Advanced file permissions.
8. Event log in
NT 4.0 Features:-
1. It is a default domain controller
2. There is no domain structure
3. The Max .Ram is 4GB
4. Max. Processor support 32
5. Suitable for applications
6. By default protocol is NETBUI

Win 2000:-
Server, advanced Server, Data center
Server:-
1. 4 way SMP support
2. The MAX.RAM is 4GB
3. Suitable for applications
4. We can configure as different servers
5. Domain architecture
Advanced Server:-
1. 8 way SMP support
2. Max .RAM support is 8GB
3. Suitable for applications’ in network load booting.
Data Center;-
1. 32 way SMP support
2. Support 32 processors
3. Max .RAM is 32 GB
4. Suitable for applications in network load booting
Win 2003
Enterprise, Standard, Data Center
Standard:-
1. We can configure as server & work section
2. The Max RAM is 4GB
3. Domain architecture
4. The default protocol is TCP/IP
Enterprise:-
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32 Bit 64 Bit
8 processor 32processor
8 RAM 32 RAM

Data Center:-
1. 64 processes
2. 64 GB RAM

Features of 2003:-
1. IP version six supports
2. IIS – 6.0 (for advanced web server)
3, It support shadow copies
4. Raids supported NTFS file system.
Features of 2008:-
1. DHCP Server – 6.0 support
(Dynamic Host Configuration protocol)
2. IIS – 7.0
3. Bit lock disk encryption
4. Server Roles
5. IP version 6 support
6. NAP (Network access policy)
7. Advanced Security with firewall

Bootable Files
9x Family:-
1. I/O .sys
2. Command.com
3. MS DOS .Sys
4. Config.sys
5. Autoexec Bat
I/o. sys:-It maintains input & output devices
Command.com:-It maintains internal commands very Microsoft have internal
commands it maintains file level administration
MS Dos . sys :-It is a mediator between I/o.sys and command.com
Config.sys:-It maintains device driver’s information
Autoexec.Bat:-It maintenance auto extentions
NOTE;-These two files config.sys and autoexec .Bat is called as start up files.

NT Family:-
1. NTLDR
2. Boot.INI
3. Boot sect .Dos
4. NTDetect.com
5. NT boot DD .Sys
And including 9X family Bootable files.
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NTLDR:-It is a main bootable file of NT Family. It maintains entire operating system.

Boot.INI:-It support duel Booting
Boot Sect .DOS:-In this file maintains used to divides the two operating stem
bootable files.
NT detect.com:-It maintains total components in a system.
NT Boot DD. sys:-It maintains SCSI devices.

WIN, Vista, 2008, 2007

1. Boot mgr
2. Boot Sect. Bak
3. Page file .sys
4. Hyberfil . sys
and including 9x family Bootable files.
Boot Mgr:-It maintains entire operating system.

Default folders
9x family:-
1. My documents
2. Windows
3. Program files
NT Family:-
Win NT 4.0, 2000:-
1. Documents & settings
2. Windows NT
3. Program files
WIN xp.2003:-
1. Documents & settings
2. Windows
3. Program Files
4. WMPUB (Windows Media Publishers)
Win, Vista, 2008, 2007:-
1. Users
2. Windows
3. Program files
1. The folders my documents, users and document & settings maintains user account
Data base
2. The folders Windows, Win NT maintains entire operating system.
3. The folder program file maintains application Software database.
Types of servers:-
1. Stand alone
2. DC (domain controller)
3. Member Server
Stand alone:-It is fresh copy of NT family operating system.
Ex:-xp, 2000, 2003, 2008.
Domain Controller:-It should be the first PC in domain invironment.It maintains
centralised user data base, we convert 2000, 2003, 2008.
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Types of domain Controller:-

1. Primary domain controller
2. Additional domain controller (Backup)
3. Chiled domain controller.
Member Server:-It is a member of domain controller

Windows 2008 Installation

Requirements:-
Processor - 1.7GHZ
RAM - 512
HDD - 7 to 10GB
File system - FAT 32 and NTFS
Source - One 2008 DVD
Process:- 1. Insert the DVD in DVD-ROM
2. We go to BIOS set Boot sequence as DVD.ROM, then save & exit
setup
3. Press any key to Boot from CD/DVD
4. Select the language, English
5. To click the “Install now” option.
6. Select 2008 additions
7 I accept agreement
8. Select he custom installation option
9. To delete the partition press “delete” option
10. To create the partition press “new” option
11. To setup the windows 2008 operating system press
12. To restart your computer
13. Then follow the installation
14. To create user account
15. Then following installation

Domain Controller Creation:-

Requirements:-
1. NIC card
2. The boot partition should be in NTFS file system
3. DNS
4. the DC name should be comes with .com extension
5. the system which we want to make a domain controller that
system should be having windows 2000/2003/2008 server
based operating system

Start
|
Run
|
Dcpromo
|
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OK
Create directory domain Servers installation
|
Create a new domain a new forest
|
Next
|
Type the FQDN name (fully Qualified domain)
(EX-Siva.com)
| |
Next
|
Select the O.S name (Ex:-Win 2008 R2)

Next
|
Next
|
Yes
|
Next
|
Type the password

Next
|
Next
|
Finish.

USER ACCOUNTS
It is an operating system program. By using user account we can pas the
instructions and get output results. User is a software program.

User Accounts
Default User Account External User Accounts
1. Administrator
2. Guest
Support.38
To create user account in client systems:-
To create user account in two models.
CUI Mode
GUI Mode
CUI Mode :-( Vista, 2008)
To create user account without password.
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C:\ net user name /add

C:\ net user sunny /add

To create user account with password

C:\ net user name password /add
C:\ net user sunny sunny /add

To set the password in already existed account

C:\ net user name *
C:\ net user sunny *

To delete user account

C:\ net user name /del
C:\ net user sunny /del

GUI Mode:-In this create user account in two models

A.)Vista
My computer -> R/C -> Manage -> Local Users & computers -> Users -
R/C -> New user

A)WIN 2008
My Computer -> R/C -> Manage -> Configuration -> Expand -> Local user & Groups ->
User -> R/C -> New user

Vista & 2008

Control panel -> R/C -> Open -> User accounts -> Manage another account ->
reate a new account -> Type the name -> Standard user -> Create account

User permitions

Ofter creating D.C We can assain logon permitions for the user in
security policy
On a workgroup
There is only local security policy in administrator tools

But on domain controller we have two permitions

Default domain :-then give the prmitions to the user in this policy they can logon
a domain only
Start -> programs -> administrative tools -> group policy management -> expand
the forest -> expand the domain -> default domain policy -> Edit -> Policies ->
Windows Settings -> Security Settings -> Local policies -> User rights
assignment -> Allow log in locally -> Add user (or) group -> Browse -> advanced
-> Find now -> Select the user -> OK.
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Default domain controller :- then give the permitions to the user in this policy
they can logon domains & domain controller

Start -> programs -> administrative tools -> group policy management -> expand
the forest -> expand the domain -> default domain controller policy -> Edit ->
Policies -> Windows Settings -> Security Settings -> Local policies -> User rights
assignment -> Allow log in locally -> Add user (or) group -> Browse -> advanced
-> Find now -> Select the user -> OK.
Note:- so we can assain permitions to the users in both policy

Net group : - to view the user group

To create a group
C:\ net group group name /add
C:\ net group sunny /add
To add a user to the group (only in domain controller)

C:\ net group groupname user /add

C:\net group sunny bunny /add

To delete user from group

C:\ net group groupname user /del

C:\ net group sunny bunny /del

To delete the group

C:\net group groupname /del
C:\ net group sunny /del
Home Folder:-By using home folder concept as an administrator we can assign
our domain hard disk space to the particular user.

Process:-first of all we have to share the users folder with proper permission.
Start ->Program -> Administrator tools -> Active Directory user & Computers -> Select
the particular user -> R/C -> properties -> Profile tab -> Select correct option & then
type ->\\Computer name\stand\folder name\user name\
Ex:-\\red\users\nani.

USER PROFILES
Profile:-
To maintain our own individual desktop settings at the time of user logon. By using
profile we can maintain individual desktop settings .Ex:-Sreensaver, Icon Settings, Start
menu settings & wallpaper settings……..etc at the time of user logon.
Profiles are 3 types:-
1. Local Profile
2. Roaming Profile
3. Mandatory profile.
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Local Profile:-Local profile are created at the time of first time user logon in a domain.
Roaming profile:-TO maintains our own individual settings at the time of user logon in a
logon domain in any client systems.
Process:-2008:-
To create a new folder in c drive & share with proper permissions. New folder name \\
Start -> programs -> administrator tools -> active directory users& computers
->select the domain controller name -> expand -> users ->select the purticaler user ->
R/C ->properties -> select the profile tab -> then type -> \\hostname\shared folder
name \user name
\\REd\naren\sunny

Mandatory:-By using mandatory profile concept as an administrator we can fix the

desktop settttttings to the particular user.
Process
Process:-Goto boot partition, select the document & settings. Select the user folder, open,
select the particular user and right click the NT user to NT user. MAN

Note:-It is used in 2000 & 2003 servers’ only. We can’t user 2008 server.

LOGON SCRIPT
Which is used tot eigute the for defined exigutable file search as the {calc.exe} at the
time of user logon.
Process:-
1. Shared the windows folder with proper permissions.
2. To open notepad and type the file path.
\\hostname\windows\system 32\calc.exe
Save the file c:\windowssystem 32 -> sysvol -> sysvol ->domain name -> scripts ->
save the file witch .bat extension ->

Start -> programs -> admin tools ->active directory users & computers
-> users -> select the particular user -> R/C -> properties -> profile tab ->
logon script (file name 123.bat) -> apply -> ok

\\file name

Protocol:- It is a peace of software which is pass the rules & regulations in a particular
network and control the network data transmission.
Protocol Task:-
1. Naming & Addressing:- It maintain system name & IP address
2. Message Segmentation:- It divides the data packets type
3. Flow control synchronization: - Acknowledgement.
4. Error Controls: - It maintains feedback data translation.
5. Routing:- It communicate with different networks.

Protocol types:-
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1. Net Beui - Microsoft

2. Ipx/spx - Novell
3. Apple talk - Apple
4. TCP/IP - Universal {ARPA}

Advanced Research Project Agency.

WINS
WINS:- Windows Internet Naming Service
It is a one of the name service in windows Server family .Which resolve NetBIOS
name to IP address.
Ex:-

Ping 100.0.0.1------------------Red
Ping RED ------------------100.0.0.1
Server Installation:-
My Computer -> R/C -> manage ->features -> R/C -> add features
->WINS -> next -> install

TO add WINS server client:-

My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> server manager -> view network connection
->local area network -> R/C -> properties -> IPv4 -> properties ->Advanced ->
WINS -> type the WINS server IP address -> add -> ok

DHCP:- Dynamic Host Configuration protocol.

It is a one of the protocol Service, in windows Server family. Which provides the IP
address to particular network in APIPA Systems.
APIPA:-Automatic Private Internet Protocol Address.
DHCP Installation
My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> roles -> R/C -> add roles -> DHCP ->
next -> install

To add IP address in DHCP:-

Start -> administrative tools -> DHCP -> IPv4 -.> R/C -> new scope ->
type the new scope -> add the start & ending IP address -> next -> NO.1 will
configure systems -> ok

To Active the Scope:-

Start -> admin tools -> DHCP -> IPv4 -> scope -> R/C -> active > ok
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DNS Installation
Domain Naming Service:-It is an advanced naming service in widows server family,
which resolved domain name to IP address and IP address to domain name.DNS
maintains fully qualified domain name service.

NT 4.0 2000 2003 2008

WINS WINS WINS WINS
ADS ADS ADS ADDS
DNS DNS DNS WINS

IIS ( Internet Information Service )

It is a web application.
To installation IIS server installation

My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> roles -> add roles -> select IIs -> next
-> next -> next -> install

2. To save the text document with “HTML” extension.

R/C  Desktop

Text document  Type the some data  Save.html extension  Save as

-> c: -> Inetpub -> www root -> file name (123.html ) -> save -> ok

To add IP address in IIS Server:-

My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> server manager -> View network connection ->
local area connection -> properties -> IPV4 -> properties ->advanced -> IP settings ->
type the IP address (100.0.0.50 ) add -> ok

To create Web Sites:-

Start -> programs -> admin tools -> IIs manager -> expand the system
name -> sites -> R/C -> Add web site -> site name ( siva ) -> physical path -> IP
address -> www.siva.com ->ok -> Default document -> add -> 123.html -> ok

File register {IP address registors}

My Computer -> c:\ -> windows ->. System32 -.>. Drivers -> . Etc -> host ->
notepad ->ok -> then type address -> type the host name ( www. Siva.com) ->
save

FTP Server Installation

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My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> roles -> add roles -> select IIs -> next
-> next -> we can select FTP publishing service ->ok -.> next -> install

2. To save the text document with “HTML” extension.

R/C  Desktop

Text document  Type the some data  Save.html extension  Save as

-> c: -> Inetpub -> FTP root -> file name (123.html ) -> save -> ok

. To add IP address in FTP Server:-

My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> server manager -> View network connection ->
local area connection -> properties -> IPV4 -> properties ->advanced -> IP settings ->
type the IP address (100.0.0.50 ) add -> ok

Web Site Creation:-

Start -> programs – IIS 6.0 -> Expand system name -> FTP site -> R/C ->
new FTP site -> next -> next -> description -> Add IP address (100.0.0.50 ) read
& write -> next -> c:\netpub \ETP \ FTP role -> next

Shadow Copy

It is us
ed to copy the shared folders.
Process:-
To create are folder
And then create files in a folder
Share the folder with proper permissions
R/C of the particular driver.

|
Properties
|
Shadow copies
|
Enable
|
Apply
|
OK.

After modify the data, we can use previous data only.

R/C of particular folder -> previous version -> restore -> restore -> ok ->ok
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Distributed File System:-

Which is used to access the total systems shared folders in a single system.To
install DFS server.
My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> roles -> add roles -> DFS ->
next(2) -> install

To add the shared folders in DFS:-

Start -> programs -> admin tools -> DFS management -> name
space -> R/C -> New Name Space ->Host name {naren}-> Next ->Folder name
Domain {or} Standalone -> Next -> Create.

To add the Shared Folders in DFS Folder:-

Start -> Programs -> Admin Tools ->DFS Management ->Expand
name space -> Select the DFS folder -> R/C -> New Folder -> Shared folder
name -> Add -> \\hostname\sharefolder -> //India/2 -> OK.

To Browse the shared folder in DFS:-

Start
|
RUN Stand Alone
|
\\hostname\DFS foldername
\india\red.

Domain:-
\\domainname\DFS foldername
\\red.com\red.

Remote Desktop

Which is used to access the one system to another system desktop.

Start
|
Programs
|
Accessories
|
Remote desktop
|
Type the computer name (or) IP address
|
Connect  Type admin & password.

NOTE:- First of all we have to enable the remote desktop option.

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My Computer
|
R/C
|
Properties
|
Remote Settings
|
Remote
|
Allow connections from computers running any version of remote desktop.
|
OK.

Windows Server Backup

Which is used to save the data one location to another location, called as Backup.
To install the Backup
My Computer
|
R/C
|
Manage
|
Features
|
Add Features
|
Windows Server Backup Features
|
Next
|
Install.
To Backup :-
Start
|
Programs
|
Admin Tools
|
Windows Server Backup
|
Backup Schedule
|
Next
|
Select custom option
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|
Next
|
Select the drive
|
Next
|
More than one a day
|
Select the time
|
Add
|
Finish.

Remote Shared Backup:-

Which is used to Backup the data one system to another system.
Process:- We have to create one folder in destination system and shared the proper
permissions.
Start -> Programs ->Admin Tools ->Windows Server
Backup ->Backup Schedule -> Next -> Select custom option ->
Next -> Select the particular drive -> Remote shared folder -> type
the destination system name & shared folder name -> Backup.

To Restore the Backup:-

 Insert the windows 2008 bootable DVD in DVD ROM.
 Set the Boot sequence.
 Press any key to boot from CD (or) DVD
 Select the language English
 Repair your computer, next
 Windows complete PC restore
 Use the last available backup
 NextNextfinish.
 I confirm that I want to erase all existed data and restore the Backup.