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LIMBA ENGLEZA
CURS PRACTIC PENTRU iNcTTAToRI
LESSON I
HELLO!
Grammar
limba englez6, articolul nehotirdt are doui forme: a gi an. Spre deosebire de limba
^ -inacesta este invariabil (nu face
romdni, distinclie de gen): rom. o masd l.ng. a table; rom. un
copil - eng. a child. Articolul nehotirit in limba englezdse utilizeaza dupd
Jum urmeaz6:
- a [a] inaintea cuvintelor care ?ncep cu o consoan[ sau o semivocald: a desk, a
chair, a tahle, a window, a universily;
- an [dn] inaintea cuvintelor care incep cu o vocald": an apple, an elephant, an
airplane.
* Obsewafie:
In limba englezd", substantivele care denoti nume de meserii, funcfii sau
ocupafii sunt
intotdeauna precedate de articol nehotirit.
Exemplu: rom. Sunt medic eng.I am a doctor
El e,ste inginer - He i.s an engineer
Exercise I
1
I
9. ct-_ ice - cream 19.c,. t'i alarm clock
l0;1 : I e!€ 20. -, good student
Iam We are
You are You are
He is
She is They are
It is
Exercise 2
1. Iuolll' astudent.
2. You j?"u2( a teacher.
3. Mr. Smith (",) 4 rntto.
4. Mrs. Smith {j a woman.
5. Mary r\ agirl.
6. Cliff 1., mybrother.
7. It l: a big cat.
8. We J',ri' good friends.
9. You c"< students at the university.
10. They c.,'rt our Parents.
I have We have
You have You have
He has
She has They have
It has
Exercise 3
* Observa{ie:
Substantivele terminate la singular in v precedat de o consoand primesc la plural
terminafia es, y transformdndu - se in i: sg. countlv - pl. countries
lady - ladies
Exercise 4
Exercise 5.
1. un b[rbat inalt
2. o femeie slabi
3. o carte interesantd
4. un ciine r6u i.i. hrr
5. o pisic[ albe c..r i('i't h ;?,,i.
6. o poveste amuzant[ e., lc, rv :i, ,', ,
7 .
trandafiri rogii ; '., ,
i:^ >r/,.
8. studenfi buni c:,rart,.l
9. magini negre l^'|rt t{, ,'in.,r,,..
10. case mari
Vocabulary
write the following numhers in letters: 8, 1 I , 22, 47 , gl ,36, g3, 33, 12, 59, 40,75.
r phrases (Expresii)
Actualllt/ Infact ...sunt folosite pentru a sublinia o idee pe care vorbitorul o consideri
importanti: You arc my friend. Actuallv,you are my best friend.
Conversation
Greetings:
Hello! i n {u ,{ Good - bye!
Hi! y o, (i , -t Bye - hyet
Good morning! See you (later)!
Good afternoon! Good night!
Good evening!
HOME ALONE
Martin and his little brother are alone at home because Mr. and Mrs. Smith are out of
town. They are so happy! The bad thing is that they must cook their breakfast, lunch and
dinner, and this is not easy for the two brothers. The big question is where are the things in
the kitchen?
Martin: "I want to make some tea. Where is the kettle? Is it in the cupboard?"
Cliff: "It isn't in the cupboarcl. Look! It's here, on the stove, but where are the cups?"
Martin: " I think they are there, in the cupboard."
Cliff: "Ok! They are here, on the shelf. What about the plates? Are they in the cupboard,
too?"
Martin: "I suppose they are. Look on the other shelf, above the cups."
Cliff: "Here they are. Now we need butter, cheese and ham to make our sandwiches."
Martin: "This is easy! They are in the refrigerator, and the bread is in the pantry. And bring
some biscuits, too. They are near the corn flakes box."
Cliff: "Here is the bread, but the biscuits aren't here."
Martin: " Let's look on the fridge. Here they are!"
After hreaffast:
Martin: "Now we must wash the dishes and clean the kitchen."
Cliff: "All right. Where is the dish detergent?"
Martin: "I'm not sure. Look there. under the sink. Is it there?"
Cliff: "Yes, it is here. Now I can wash the dishes."
Martin: "If you wash the dishes, I can clean the kitchen floor. Where is the broom?"
Cliffi "T think it's there, near the window. Take it and start cleaning!"
Martin: "Ok! Let's start!"
Grammar
r
The Verb To Be
Present Tense - Tnterrogative and Negative
Tnterrogative Negative
* Interogativul verbului to he se formeaz6 prin inversiune (A: he ls; I: ls he?), iar negativul
prin utilizarea nega[iei not.
Exercise ].
Exercise 2
l. She is an economist
2. Tt is a dog
3. This is a flower
4. He is mv little brother
5. They are waiters
6. They are white cats
7. It is a cigarette
8. They are good friends
9. You are an engineer
10. They are my neighbours
o Must
Exercise 4
a) Turn the sentences fro 1 to 10 into the interrogative.
Model: You must shut the door. - Must you shut the door?
b) Turn the sentences from I to l0 into the negative to express interdiction.
Model: You must shut the door. - You mustn't shut the door.
o The Imperative
Imperatiwl este identic cu forma de infinitiv scurt a verbului (verbul la infinitiv fhrd
particula lol; Come here!
Go there!
Look at the picture!
Imperatiwl negativ se formeazd cu don't: Don '/ come here!
Don't go there!
I)on't look at the picture!
Exercise 4
1. Come in!
2. Write the letter!
a
J. Drive fast!
4. Help your brother!
5. Stand up!
6. Sit down!
7. Send them a telegram!
8. Tell me about it!
9. Put it on the desk!
10. Take two books!
o Here - There indicE ideea de apropiere, respectiv depirtare a vorbitorului fafd de
obiectul la care se refer6. Aceste adverbe de loc se folosesc in strdnsi leg[turtr cu
pronumele demonstrative this- that: This is my book. It is here.
That is our house. lt is there.
*De re{inut c\ this that nu variaz6 in funcfie de gen: This is my dog.
Si
This is my cat.
That is a nelv flat-
That is a new car.
Exercise 5
Vocabulary
o The meals of the day (mesele zilei)
- brealcfasf: We have breakfast in the morning.
- lunch: We have lunch at noon.
- dinner'. We have dinner in the evening.
* in limba englezl se foloseqte verbul to have pentru a reda ideea de a lua masa.
e Phrases
I think, I suppose se utilizeaz[ pentru a introduce o afirmafie de care vorbitorul nu este
foarte sigur: I'm not sure.1 thinkyour books are there.
T don't know. I suppo,se you are right.
r Prepositions
9
Conversation
Let's varianti de imperativ, care se folosegte pentru a exprima o sugestie sau un indemn
este o
la persoana I plural: Let's try again!
Let's listen!
What aboul...se foloseqte in urmitoarele cazuri:
- pentru a solicita o informa{ie: The plates are here. What about the glasses?
- pentru a solicita plrerea interlocutorului cu privire la o anumit6 acfiune propus[ de
vorbitor. In acest caz, expresia va fi urmati de un verb la care se adaugd terminafia
-ing: Wat about going to afilm tomorrow?
Wat ahout trying again?
Ok!, All right
10
I,ESSON 3
Grammar
Exercise 1
Changethefollowingsentencesusingthereisorthereare..
in the room'
Modei: A box is in the room' - There is a box
Three letters are on the table. - There are three letters on the table'
1. A dictionary is on the shelf'
2. A lot PeoPle are outside'
of
3. A stranger is in the living - room'
4. A sandwich is on the Plate'
5. Two girls are in the hall'
6. ManY boYs are at the door'
7. A public garden is in the citY'
8. Ten books are on the desk'
g. Black clouds are in the skY'
10. Beautiful flowers are in the garden'
11
tl
1 Ver-v, really
Exercise 2
o EacW Every(fiecare)
Degi in(elesul lor este acelaqi qi ambele se folosesc cu substantive la singular, diferenfa
dintre adjectivele nehotlrdte each gi ever,v este urmitoarea:
Each se referl la un numfu de doui persoane sau lucruri luate individual:
There are hvo students in the room. Each student has a book in his hand.
Every se foloseqte tot cu substantive la singular, dar se refer[ la un numir mai mare de
persoane sau lucruri luate individual.
There are plants tn every corner of the room.
Exercise 3
1. There are two vases on the table. There are flowers in _ vase.
2. All the sfudents are in the classroom. _ shrdent has a notebook on his desk.
3. We have two cars, but they are very old. _ car is ten years old.
4. There are a lot of houses on street in our town
5. classroom in the school must have enough light.
11
lot of se foloseqte atit pentru singular, cdt gi pentru plural:
We spend much/ a lot oftimehere.
Many/ a lot of children are ill.
Exercise 4
Fill in the blanks with much, many, a lot of.
Vocahulary
r Phrases
Infront of - behind
Up s t air s -d ow n,s t a ir,s
On, in
On the right, on the le.ft, in the middle of...
Exercise 5
Make up sentence using there is/ there are and the phrases above.
Conversation
Exercise 6
Choose a partner and practise the following conversation pattern:
Were is it?/ Where are they? - It is.../ they are...
Model:
A: "Where is the blackboard?" A: "Where are the pencils?"
B: "Tt is in front of you." B: " The pencils are on the desk"
Exercise 7
Describe your room using the new words and phrases in lesson 3.
l?
LESSON 4
A BUSY FAMILY
We are a busy family indeed. Everybody has a lot of things to do. But let's begin with
the first moments of the day:
In the morning, I wake up at a quarter to seven. Actually, everybody wakes up at
seven sharp, except my brother, who is very lary and always sleeps too much. After we wash
and dress, we have breakfast. Finally, my brother wakes up but he doesn't have time to have
breakfast because it's already late. So, he just drinks a cup of coffee with us and we leave the
house in a hurry. This usually happens at half past seven. I walk to the university every
morning and my brother walks to school, too. We are lucky to live very near to our schools.
The firm where my parents work is far from our house, so they go there by car. Actually, my
father drives hecause mother doesn't have a driving license.
We come back from school at about two o'clock. My parents arrive at four and we
have lunch together. This is really an exciting moment! My brother doesn't like soup and he
often quarrels with mother about it. Besides, he always wants two pieces of cake for desert.
Mother gets angry and scolds him, but it is useless.
After lunch, from five to eight, I study for the next day, I go out to meet my friends, I
read my favourite magaz.ine or I watch TV. My brother doesn't want to do his homework
alone and I usually waste about an hour helping him. I hate him for this!
At half past eight we have dinner and the show begins again: my brother refuses to
drink his milk, mother gets anry again, father tries to stay calm and I am happy to see Cliff
punished!
Anyway, everything is over soon because, at a quarter past nine, everybody is too tired
to quarrel anymore. So, we watch TV for an hour or two and then we go to hed because
tomorrow is another dav!
Grammar
l4
La aftmativ, la persoana I qi a
{I; a singular, precum gi la perso ana a III - a plural,
forma de prezent simplu a verbelor este identic6 cu forma de infinitiv scurt: La persoana
a III
- a singular, regula generald este aceea de a adiuga terminafia -s la forma de infinitiv scurt a
verbului: work - works, drive - drives, start starts.
-
Excepfie fac verbele terminate il -o,
.-c!r,
-sh, -dge, -ss, care primesc terminalia *s:
go - goes, watch - watches, brush brushes, judge
* Observafie: - - judges, dress - dresses.
- verbele care la infinitiv se termini in -y precedat de consoan6 se supun
urm6toarei reguli: -y se transformd in
-i gi apoi se adaugd terminalia -+s: try -
tries, cry * cries. Dacd -y este precedatde vocali, veibele se supgn regulii
generale (adaugi terminalia -s): say says, play _ plays.
-
2. Utilizarea
Prezentul simplu se folosegte in urmitoarele situafii:
a. pentru areda acfiuni obignuite sau care se repeti in mod regulat;
astfel de .acfiuni sunt insofite de adverbe de timp pri.u-
usualllt, alwalts, ort"n, never (care sunt agezate intre subiectul gi
predicatul propozifiei) sau de compupi ai lui every; everyv da1,,
everv week, every year etc (care stau la sfrrgitul propozigiei)
Exemplu: I usually drink coffee in the morning.
We wake up at7 every day.
b. pentru a exprima acfiuni cu caracter permanent:
Exemplu: He works in a hospital.
Thev live in London.
Exercise 1
l5
Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present:
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
1A
9. It rains a lot in spring/ in summer.
10. My mother teaches English/ French.
Vocahulary
o The parts of the day:
We wake up in the morning.
We have lunch at noon.
We drink tea in the afternoon.
We watch TY in the evening.
We sleep at night.
o Phrases
except....
in a hurr,v
near to -farfrom
besides
Conversation
Exercise 5
I7
7. 9 fdrl l0
8. 11 9i jumltate
9. 6 fi,ulun sfert
10. 8 9i 20
1a
LESSON 5
We are alone at home again. Our parents are visiting some friends and I must look
after my litle brother. In the meantime, I am trying to finish this exciting SF story. But wait a
minutei What's this terrible noise? It seems to me it's coming from the bathroom... oh, no! I
hope Cliffis not doing something again. But T'd better go and see what is going on. Of course,
the door of the bathroom is closed.
Martin is lvtocking at the door. Here is the dialogte hetween the two hrothers:
Martin: "Cliff, what are you doing in there?"
Cfiff: " Nothing much. T'm washing something. Go away,you are disturbing me."
Martin: " You are disturbing me with the noise you are making."
Cliff: " T'm not making any noise. Tt's Benny. I think he doesn't like this shampoo."
M: "What? Do you mean you are washing the dog in the bathtub? Open the door!"
C: " Ok! Come in."
M: " Let's take the poor dog out of that foam. But isn't that my tooth brush in your hand?"
C: " Well, you see..."
M: " You are washing the dog with my toothbrush! I'm getting mad!"
C: " Don't worry! Here you are. T'm giving it back to yotl-"
M: " No, thanks! You can keep it. Oh God, this is making me sick!"
Grammar
1. Forma
You are talking Are you talking? You are not/ aren't talking
He is talking Is he talking? He is not/ isn't talking
She is talking Is she talking? She is not / isn't talking
Tt is talking Is it talking? It is not/ isn't talking
We are talking Are we talking? We are not/ aren't talking
You are talking Are you talking? You are not/ aren't talking
They are talking Are they talking? They are not/ aren't talking
t9
r Reguli de ortografie:
Atunci cdnd primesc terminalia -ing, verbele suport[ urmitoarele modificdri de ordin
ortografic:
1. verbele terminate in --e igi pierd vocala finali: make - making, take - taking;
2. verbele monosilabice terminate in consoani sau verbele bisilabice a cdror consoan6
final[ se afl6 in silaba accentuat[ iqi dubleaz6 consoana final6: to sit - sitting, to begin
- beginning;
3. verbele terminate in -l igi dubleaz6 consoana finali: travel - travelling.
2.Utllizarea
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
2A
Exercise 3
Make negative sentences according to the model:
Model: my mother/ read a booH a magazine
My mother is not reading a book; she is reading a magazine.
Exercise 4
2l
6. The camera is in ....-.. Place.
7 .
Don't forget to take ..-..--.k"y when you leave'
8. I can't lend you ........car till the end of the week'
g. She is inviting all . - . . - -..friends to the part"v'
10. Mike and Andrew are at the cinema with ' ' ' ' ' "parents'
Vocabulary
o Phrases
- to look after
- in the rneantitne
- it seems to rne
- I'd better....
Conversation
Do you mean....?
What do you mean?
You see....
Here you are
1''
LESSON 6
It's finally Sunday. This is my favourite day of the week, and I'm sure you know what
T mean. Resides, it is a fine summer day. We are in .Iuly and the weather is so beautiful! We
usually go to the mountains on Sunday, but today is a special day. It's my mother's birthday.
So, we are staying home to prepare the garden party.Although she is the one who always
spoils us, today we are spoiling her: father is preparing her breakfast and coffee, while my
brother and I are trying hard not to quarrel, at least for one day. T am cooking hreakfast for
both of us, not to disturb mother. And imagine that Cliff, who always refuses to drink his
milk, is drinking the whole mug now, without a word of protest! This is really a miracle.
It's already ten o'clock. We are wrapping our presents because we want to surprise
mother when she comes downstairs. My father's gift is a nice gold bracelet, Cliffls present is
a silk scarf, and my present is a leather suitcase. As you can imagine, we are not very good at
wrapping presents, so this job takes us more than twenty minutes.
It's almost eleven and we have so much work to do. We are expecting guests and
everything must he perflect. My father seldom cooks, but today he is making an exception: he
is preparing the appetizers and the barbeque, while my brother and I are preparing the salad.
Ok! Everything is ready.... and just in time, because the guests are coming: our
grandparents, my mother's brother, uncle Tim, my father's sister, aunt Sarah, and our good
neighbours, the Browns. T'm so glad they are not bringing their kids; I hate them because they
always make so much noise!
Now everything is ready and everybody is here, except mum.... She is always
spending so much time in front of the mirror!...No, there she is! She is coming down the
stairs and she is wearing such a beautiful dress! The partv can begin now!
Grammar
*Pe ldngi regula generaltr de utilizare a Prezentului continuu menfionati in lecgia anterioari,
acest timp verbal se mai folosegte gi in urmltoarele situa{ii:
- penfiu a reda o acfiune intimpl[toare sau temporard, chiar daci aceasta nu se
petrece in momentul vobirii: He usually drives to his work but today he is
walking;
- impreunl cu adverbe de timp care indicl frecvenfa (alwa,vs, constantly, all the
time), pentru a indica o actiune care il deranjeazd pe vorbitor prin repetare
exageratd: He is alwa"vs pla"ving the piano at this time of night.
**Observalie:
in limba englez|., exist6 unele verbe care nu se folosesc la forma continud. in acest
caz, Prezentul continuu se va inlocui cu Prezentul simplu, chiar daci acliunea respectivd se
petrece ?n momentul vorbirii.
Verbele care nu se folosesc la forma continui se impart in urmitoarele categorii:
23
- verbe de percepfie: to see (I see somebody in front of the house), to hear (I
hear music), to smell (This coffee smells very good), to taste (The soup tastes
delicious), to ,sound (This melody sounds great), to look (You look wonderful
today);
- verbe cognitive: to know (He knows the answer), to under.stand (I understand
what you are saying), to think (I think you are right), to imagine (I imagine it is
very cold in the mountains);
- verbe de atitudine: to like, to dislike, to love, to hate (He likes this film), ro
want (They want to leave now), to wislt (We wish you good luck), to prefer (I
prefer to wait here), to refuse (She refuses to talk to you now);
- verbul to be (a[tnci cind denot[ o stare de fapt obignuit[ - Tom is at school.
He is a pupil) gi verbul to have (atunci cind exprimd posesia - She has a book
in her hand);
- alte verbe: to forget, to rememher, to notice, to recognize (I'm sure it's John. T
recognize his car), to cost (This coat costs a lot of money), to deserve (They
deserve to be punished,\, to mean (What do you mean?l What does this word
mean?) to hope (We hope to pass our exams).
Fvarni ca 1
Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous:
Exercise 2
Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or Continuous, paying attention to the verbs
that carnot be used in the continuous form:
24
4. Don't give me any advice. I (know) what I (do).
5. This tea (taste) very good. Give me another cup, please.
6. I'm afraid I (not understand) what you (say).
7. He (not like) the dress I (wear) today.
8. "I (want) to speak to your boss right now!" "I'm sorrlr, sir. He is busy. He (talk) with
annfhar nrrc'inmar l'
gllvLttvl vuJlvrttvt.
9. I (hope) you (not wait) for somebody else to do your job.
10. {Infortunately, she (not know) what you (mean).
* tn general, acest tip de genitiv se folosegte cind posesorul este o persoanS. Atunci cdnd
posesorul este un obiect, se utilizeaz\ vn alt tip de genitv (Genitivul analitic) care se
construiegte cu ajutorul prepoziliei of. Ordinea cuvintelor va fi urm[toarea:
The+oP+of+The+P
Exemplu: the door of the house - u$a casei
the streets of the town - strlzile oragului
the walls of the room - perelii camerei
Exercise 3
?{
Vocabulary
o The days of the week:
- Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
* De refinut ci, in limba englez6, zilele s[ptimdnii se scriu cu majusculd, iar prepozilia
asociat[ este on: They usually sleep late on Sunda,v.
- January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October,
November, December.
* De refinut c[, la fel ca gi zilele sipttrmdnii, lunile anului se scriu in englezd cu majuscul[,
prepozilia asociatil fiind in: Many people go to the seaside in August.
26
PROGRESS TEST r (LESSONS I- 6)
a. that c. it
b. this d. an
27
10. Mark the correct form:
\\rhat
a. Ann is eating b. eats Ann
b. eat Ann d. is Ann eating
a. know b. knows
c. is knowing d, are knowing
te
20. Fill in the blanks:
Ilnfortunat"ly, .. .....enough food for everybody.
a. isn't b. there isn't
c. it isn't C. this isn't
to
LESSON 7
MY BEST FRTEND'S WEDDING
Last Saturday I went to Tom's wedding. I was so excited! Tom is my best friend. We
used to play together when we were kids and we studied at the same highschool. I enjoyed the
party very much. I met a lot of friends and we had a great time.
I think Tom is a luckv man. His wife, Helen, is not only a very prettv woman, but also
very clever and sociable. I didn't believe when they told me that everything happened because
of a cat:
Helen lived in the house next to Tom's. and Tom was soon in love with her. He looked
at her over the garden fence; he talked to her a little one day; he drove her to her office once;
and one evening, he went to a Christmas party and danced with her.
Then, one day, about six months ago, he went out in the garden and saw Helen on the
other side of the fence, very unhappy and worried.
"What's the matter?" asked Tom.
"My cat climbed that tree an hour ago and it is still there. I think it is afraid to come
down" she answered.
"Did you try to call it?" he asked.
"T tried a thousand times but the poor eat is too seared to come down" she said.
Tom looked up and saw Helen's cat high up in the tree. Then, he jumped over the
fenee, climbed the tree anel earried the cat down. Helen was so pleased to see her cat safe
again, that she put her arrns around Tom and gave him a kiss. At that time, he didn't imagine
that this was the beginning of their love story...
Grammar
1. Forma
* tn cazul verbelor regulate, forma de trecut afirmativ deriv[ din aceea de infinitiv scurt, la
care se adaugi terminatia {e)d: I walked in the park yesterday. La addugarea terminafiei -
(e)d, au loc urm[toarele modificiri de ordin ortografic:
- verbele terminate la infinitiv in -y precedat de consoanl iqi transform[ terminafia -
y in -/ to cry - cried; to try -tried;
- verbele monosilabice terminate in consoand iqi dubleazd consoana finald: to stop -
stoppe.d;
?n
- verbele terminate in -/ irsi dubleazl consoana final[: to travel - travelled
Interogativzrl se formeazL cu ajutorul auxiliarului did, urmat de subiectul propozi{iei qi de
verbul din context, care ipi va relua forma de infinitiv scurt: Did you walk in the park
yesterday?
Negativul se formeaz[ cu ajutorul auxiliarului did la negativ (did not) urmat de infinitivul
scurt al verbului: I did not/ didn't walk in the park yesterday.
* in cazul verbelor neregulate, care au trei forme de baz6, cea de - a doua formi reprezint[
forma de trecut afirmativ.
Exemplu: to go, went, gone
I went to the park yesterday.
Interogativul negativul verbelor neregulate se construiesc dupl aceleaqi reguli ca in cazul
gi
verbelor regulate (cu auxiliarele did/ did not gi cu verbul la infinitiv scurt): Did yougo to the
park yesterday?;I didn't go to the park yesterday.
2.Utllizarea
Exercise 1
Write the Simple Past of the following regular verbs, paying attention to the spelling changes:
l. look - 11.ask-
2. carry - 12. study -
3. wait - 13. wash -
4. open - 14. mend -
5. cry- 15. finish -
6. play - 16. watch -
7. want - 17. drop -
8. work - 18. listen -
9. stay - 19. decide -
10. live - 20. need -
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with appropriate regular verbs into the Simple Past from the list above:
- 3l
4. The baby was hungry and _ all night.
5. Frank a long time for the hus last night.
6. The lesson was easy, but some students a lot of questions.
7. Emily was ill yesterday and _ at home.
8. I _ my work an hour ago.
9. Th"y _ French last year.
10. When they were young, they _ in the country.
Exercise 3
Put the irregular verbs in brackets into the Simple Past. Consult the list of irregular verbs at
the end of the book:
Exercise 4
Make questions and answers in the Simple Past using the given words. Consult the list of
irregular verbs if necessary:
Model: whatldrink for breakfast/ tea
Wat did you drinkfor brealgfa'tt?
I drank tea.
32
Exercise 5
Vocabulary
o Phrases
Conversation
What's the matter?/ What happened?
LESSON 8
BIG SURPRISE...
'oYes, you are right. Now let's tell Mum the whole story and then let me help you with
your bike" T said.
"Ok, Martin! Cliff answered. Sometimes you are a great big brother!"
No comment....
Grammar
The Continuous Past Tense (Trecutul continuu)
1. Forma
34
We were eating Were we eatins? We were not/ weren't eatins
You were eating Were you eating? You were not/ weren't eating
They were eating Were they eating? They were not/weren't eating
2.Utllizarea
Trecutul continuu se vtilizeazl pentru areda o acfiune aflati ?n curs de desfXqurare ?ntr
- un moment trecut: We were eating when the phone rang.
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
35
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Vocabulary
o Perhapsl Maybe (Poate cd...) indic[ faptul cd vorbitorul nu este foarte sigur de
afirmafia pe care o face:
Exemplu: "Where is Tom?"
"T'm not sure. Perhaps/mayhe he is in his room."
r Phrases
- to rush into/ to: The kids were so scared that they rushed into their father's arms;
He rushed to the phone to call the police.
- to look for: "What are you doing?"
"T lost my keys and now I'm looking for them all over the house."
- out of nowhere: unexpectedly (pe neagteptate, din senin): Black clouds appeared
out of nowhere and a violent storm started.
- not at all: "Am T disturbing you?"
'No, nol at all. Sit down, please."
Conversation
Wait a minute!- se folosegte atunci cdnd vorbitorul este nedumerit sau iritat de o replicd a
interlocutorului, atunci cdnd doregte si sublinieze o idee care i se pare importantd etc:
"Wait a minute! How do you know all these things?"
"Wait a minute! How dare you speak to me like this?"
"Wait a minute! I think I found the solution!"
36
LESSON 9
The summer holiday starts tomorrow and Martin is talking with one of his friends
about how they will spend the next three months:
Martin: "It's great! I can't believe school is over. And we shall have three months with
no classes, no tests, just freedom and fun!"
Bob: "Do you have any plans for the holiday? Where will you spend it?"
Martin: "Certainly not at home. First, I shall go on a summer camp in the mountains.
The bad news is that I must take my little brother with me, so imagine what fun it will be.
Anyway we shall stay there for two weeks, and then, in August, my parents and Cliff will go
to the country and I shall spend three wonderful weeks at the seaside, with a group of friends.
[Jnfortunately, that will be all because when T return I shall start working. I took a part time
job at the gas station in the neighbourhood, to earn some money. I do this every summer to
help my parents pay for my studies. What about you? T hope you will not spend you holiday at
home."
Bob: " Of course T won't spend it at home. As a matter of fact, I must go home and
pack my luggage, because I am leaving tomorrow. My plane takes off at half past ten
tomorrow morning. T shall spend fwo great weeks in Miami, with my uncle. You know he is a
rich guy, and he offered to pay for my holiday there. After I come back, my family and I will
go on a trip to Europe. This will be so exciting! T shall send you a postcard from Paris."
Martin: " Great! Have a nice holiday!"
Bob: "Thanks. You too."
Grammar
She will take Will she take? She will noV won't take
It lvill take Will it take? It rvill notl rvon't take
We shall take Shall we take? We shall not/ shan't take
You will take Will you take? You will not/ won't take
They will take Will they take? They will not/ won't take
a-
Obseruafie: Sub influenfa englezei americane, auxiliarul will s -
* a generalizat la
toate persoanele in englezabritanici'noibig. Prin urmare,
nu sunt greqite formele I will leave;
*" riil read,ins1tn slhl oficial se respect[ alternanla celor sou[ auxiliare.
2.Utllizarca
Viitorul simplu se foloseqte penffu a teda o acfiune sau stare viitoare fa!6 de momentul
timp
vorbirii, situarea in timp'a acesteia fiind uneon precizata, alteori nu. Adverbele de
associate cu acest timp ierbal sunt: tomoruow (mdine), the day
after tomorrow (poimdine)'
next year (anul viitor)'
soon (curind), next wiek/ month (luna/ slptamina viitoare),
Exemplu: Miriam will come to see me next year'
He will tell You the news tomorrow'
MY mother will he Your teacher'
Exercise I
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
2e
6. Of course I shall send them a postcard.
7. Yes, Helen will do the shopping tomorrow.
8. Yes. the Bartons will be there. too.
9. Yes, he will repair your car tomorrow.
10. Of course they will be huppy to see us.
Vocahulary
o Phrases
- anway
- that's all/ that will be all
- in the neighbourhood
- to earn
- to take off
Conversation
- (It's) great!
- I can't believe...
- As a matter offact,...
- Have a nice. holiday!/ Have a good time!
39
LESSON 10
Last week I went shopping with my mother. I hate these things, but I had no choice.
She asked me to help her pick up some clothes for my little brother because school begins
soon. It was very boring because Mother was so undecided about what to buy. Fortunately,
the shop assistant hacl a lot of pa-tience. Here is what happened at the store:
" Good morning! Can I help you?" said the shop assistant with a big smile on her face.
" Yes, please. T would like to buy some clothes for my younger son" Mother said.
" How old is he?" asked the shop assistant.
" He is twelve, but he is taller than the kids of his age" Mother answered with pride.
" All right. What would you like to buy fitst?"
" I'd like to pick up some shirts and T - shirts first."
" Let's look for the right size. Do you think these will fit him?"
" What do you think of these shirts, Martin?" Mum asked me.
" I think they are the right size and the material is good, but the colours are too dark
for his age. A boy of twelve needs brighter colours. T think these two are better" I answered
like an expert.
" T suppose you are right. Now let's choose some nice T-shirts. What do you think of
these?" she asked me again.
o'How much are they" I asked the shop assistant.
" These are $15" she said.
" They are nice, but don't you think they are a little too expensive?" I asked Mother.
" It's true that these are more expensive than the others. Actually they are the most
expensive" said the shop assistant. "But I can show you other models that are of good quality
and they are cheaper as well. Here you are."
" Yes, I think these three are perfect. And they are nicer than the others, too." Mother
said. Now we shall choose a jacket and a pair of jeans. What can you suggest?" she asked the
shop assistant.
" Yes, we have many models ofjackets, just the size of your son. You can choose one
from here."
" I really like the red one. How much is it, Miss?'n Mother asked.
" That one is $60" the woman said.
" What do you think, Martin?" Mother asked me again.
" T think the colour is nice, but he needs a thicker jacket. Soon, the weather will be
colder. I think this one is more suitable, even if the other is less expensive" I said.
" All right. Let's buy the thicker one" Mother answered. Now, please pick up a pair of
jeans for your brother."
I chose a pair ofjeans and showed them to Mother.
" I think these will be too short for him. Don't forget he is the tallest kid in his class.
Will you look for a pair of longer ones?" she asked.
" Sure. These are a little longer. They will certainly fit him. Now, can we please
leave?" T asked in despair.
" Just a moment, honey... Miss, will you wrap these clothes for us and tell us how
much they are."
" Certainly, right away, Here you are. That will be $l-50. Have a nice da;z and thank
you for shopping in our store."
40
Grammar
Comparafia sintetictr vizeazd adjectivele scurte (de una sau doud silabe). Comparativul de
superioritate (The Comparative of Superiorit,v) se formeazi prin adiugarea terminafiei --er la
forma de pozitiv a adjectivului, iar .ruperlativul relativ(The Relative Superlative) prin
antepunerea articolului hot6rit the qi adlugarea terminafiei -est la forma de pozitiv a
adjectivului:
* Reguli ortografice
- adjectivele monosilabice terminate in consoani precedatl de o vocald scurti igi dubleazi
consoana finalE: big - bigger - the biggest
hot - hotter - the hoffest
- adjectivele monosilabice terminate in --e adaugd doar -r pentru comparativ de
superioritate gi -st pentru superlativ relativ: large - larger - the largest
rvide - u.ider - the r',,idest
- in canil adjectivelor terminate in -y precedat de consoani, terminafia se va modifica in -i
inaintea terminatiilor de la comparativ gi superlativ: dry - drier - the driest
happy - happier - the happiest
Comparalia analiticd se aplici in cazul adjectivelor lungi (formate din cel pufin trei
silabe). Pentru aceast[ categorie de adjective, comparatiwl de superioritate se formeazd cu
more qi superlativul cu the most, ambele aqezate in fafa adjectivului la gradul pozitiv:
4l
The Comparative of Equality (Comparativul de egalitate) se formeazd (la toate
adjectivele, indiferent de numirul de sitabe) cu ajutorul construcliei as + adjectiv la gradul
pozitiv + as (la fel de ..... ca):
My house is as big as their house.
The film is a,s interesting as the book.
The Comparative of Inferiorit"v (Comparatiwl de inferioritate) se formeazd,la toate
adjectivele, cu construcfia not so/ as + adjectiv la gradul pozitiv * as (nu atit del la fel de
..... ca):
My house is not so large as their house.
The film is not so interesting as the book
*Observalie:
Adjectivele lungi pot forma comparatiwl de inferioritate gi cu construcfia less + adjectiv la
gradul pozitiv * than (mai pufin ..... decflt): The film is /ess interesting than the book.
The Absolute Superlative (Superlativul absolurl se formeazd,la toate adjectivele, cu
+
very adjectiv la gradul pozitiv (foarte ....): The girl is very pretty;The book is very
interesting.
The lrregular Comparis on (Comparalia neregulatd)
Exist6 anumite adjective care formeazl gradele de comparafie in mod neregulat, ele
avdnd forme distincte pentru fiecare grad de comparafie. Iatd cdteva dintre ele:
Eercise 1
Give the comparatives and the relative superlatives of the following adjectives:
1. long
2. difficult
3. near
4. pretty
5. thin
6. ugly
7. pleasant
8. cold
9. easy
1 0. hard
42
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
1. The weather in this country is cold, but the weather in that country is colder.
43
8. The tea is delicious. The coffee is delicious, too
Vocahulary
- Phrases
Would you like to....(ailati dori s[...?): Would you like to sit down?
I would like to .... (ag dori s6...): I would like to talk to you.
will you.,.. (vrei s6...,?) This bag is so heavy! willyou (please) help me carry it?
Conversation
44
Test II (Lessons 7 - 10)
45
10. Fill in the blank:
I asked the nurse where the doctor
a. is b. was
c. are d. was beins
46
20. Fill in the blank:
I ...........myselfwhile was cutting the bread.
T
a. cut b. cutted
c. did cut d. did cuffed
47
Minimal List of Irregular Verbs
48
to sit sat sat a sta (agezat)
to spend spent spent a petrece (timpul)
a cheltui
to stand stood stood a sta
(in picioare)
to steal stole stolen a fura
to take took taken o lrrq
to teach taught taught a invdfa (pe
cineva)
to think thought thought a (se) g0ndi
a crede
to throw threw thrown a arunca
to understand understood understood a inlelege
to wear wore wom a purta
to win won won a cigtiga
to write wrote written a scrie
49
to sit sat sat a sta (aqezat)
fn sncnrl enefll q nafrc^a ttfimnrrl\
a cheltui
(in picioare)
<n