T5 Loads and Load Distribution

Ballot Items for the ’07 AASHTO

Subcommittee on Bridges and
Structures (SCOBS) Annual
Meeting – Wilmington, DE
 Acknowledgements
• Mal Kerley--bigger room and longer time slot
• Preceding T5 Chairs: Jim; William and Harry—
help, guidance and support of me in transitioning

Ballot Items: 4 groups

• Simplified Load Distribution (withdrawn)
• White’s
• Yellow’s
• Endorsement
 Simplified Load Distribution
• Informative presentations
– Prof. Jay Puckett, 12-62
– Dr. Toorak Zokai, 12-26
• Good Q & A primarily between T5, Jay, Toorak
• Concerns on “conservativeness” of gdf’s
• Revisions, dated June 29th; distributed July 2-3
• Motion/second/pass—Withdraw 14, 15, 16, 17,
18, 20, and 21
 White’s—No Changes to…
• #19—clarification of de for the case of multi-cell
box girders
• #22—clarification of dual truck/tandem (both
can’t be in same span)
• #27—clarification of LL dgn M’s for decks
• #24, #26—Pedestrian Bridges
– Urge a check for resonance
– Add guidance for maintenance vehicle loads
LRFD Pedestrian Bridge Provisions
• NCHRP 20-07 funding received (Thanks Mal!):
Task 244
• Panel comprised of T5 member from ea. Region
+ Sue’s steel assistant, T6, NYC
• Stand-alone document—TNX Tom SBE survey
• Comments to be solicited on 2nd draft from
vendors
 White’s—Move to ballot….
• #19—clarification of de for the case of multi-cell
box girders
• #22—clarification of dual truck/tandem (both
can’t be in same span)
• #27—clarification of LL dgn M’s for decks
• #24, #26—Pedestrian Bridges
– Urge a check for resonance
– Add guidance for maintenance vehicle loads
Yellow: #23—Simplified Wind Dist.
Sub-Item #2
Add the following after Table 3.8.1.3-1:
For the usual girder and slab bridges having an individual span
length of not more than 125 ft. and a maximum height of 30.0
ft. above low ground or water level the following wind loading
may be used:
•0.10 KLF, transverse
•0.04 KLF, longitudinal
Yellow: #25— Superimposed
Deformations (CR, SH, TU, PS)
• FAQ #1—Where did the 0.5 value come from?
– Artifact accounting for dissipation over time
– Should not be used in conjunction with Ieff or Icr
• FAQ #2--Why move CR and SH w/DC, etc?
– Coupled w/ material properties (TU reverses)
• FAQ #3—Why so many different values?
– Segmental—factors must be same as DC
– Typ. Bridges—continue w/ CR, SH in prestress loss
estimate for superstructure; 0.5 for substructure, only
Yellow: #25—Superimposed
Deformations (CR, SH, TU, PS)
Revise the sixth paragraph of Article 3.4.1 as follows:
The larger of the values provided for load factors of TU, CR and SH shall be
used for deformations and the smaller values for all other effects. For
simplified analysis of concrete substructures in the strength limit state, a
value of 0.50 for γ TU may be used when calculating force effects, but shall be
taken in conjunction with the gross moment of inertia in the columns or piers.
When a refined analysis is completed for concrete substructures in the
strength limit state, a value of 1.0 for γ
TU shall be used in conjunction with a
partially cracked moment of inertia determined by analysis. For concrete
substructures in the strength limit state, the value of 0.50 for γ
PS, γ
CR , and γ
SH
may similarly be used when calculating force effects in non-segmental
structures, but shall be taken in conjunction with the gross moment of inertia
in the columns or piers. For steel substructures, a value of 1.0 for  TU,
PS,  CR, and  SH shall be used.
Yellow: #25—Superimposed
Deformations (CR, SH, TU, PS)
Sub-item 4, cont.
Add a new paragraph to the Commentary as follows:
PS, CR, SH, TU and TG are superimposed deformations as defined in Article
3.12. Load factors for TU and TG are as shown in Table 1. Load factors for
PS, CR, and SH, are as shown in Table 3. For prestressed members in typical
bridge types, secondary prestressing, creep and shrinkage are generally
designed for in the service limit state. In concrete segmental structures, CR
and SH are factored by γ P for DC because analysis for time-dependent
effects in segmental bridges is nonlinear. Abutments, piers, columns, and
bent caps are to be considered as substructure components.
The calculation of displacements for TU utilizes a factor greater than 1.0 to
avoid undersizing joints, expansion devices, and bearings.
Yellow: #25—Superimposed
Deformations (CR, SH, TU, PS)
Sub-item 5 Add Table 3.4.1-3 Load factors for Permanent Loads due to
Superimposed Deformations, γ
p as follows:

Bridge Component PS CR, SH

Superstructures—Segmental
Concrete substructures supporting
segmental superstructures….

Concrete substructures supporting

non-segmental Superstructures…
Steel Substructures 1.0 1.0
#28—Endorse the 20-07 Task 186
Report on: “Updating the Calibration
Report for AASHTO LRFD Code”
• By Kulicki, Prucz, Clancy, Mertz, Nowak
• Undertaken because original (Report 368)
– Completed prior to final 
’s and ’s
– Dated 1999, but actually written in 1991
• Objective
– Document how Strength I was calibrated
– Perform reliability analysis on typical girder bridges
– Describe universal procedure for future efforts