DELHI TRANSCO LIMITED

(A Govt. of NCT of Delhi Undertaking)

STATE LOAD DESPATCH CENTER

REGD. OFFICE: SHAKTI SADAN, KOTLA MARG, NEW DELHI-110002

SLDC Building, 33kV Minto Road Grid Sub-Station, New Delhi-110002

Under the guidance of: - Submitted by:-

S.K Srivastav Rahul Bhardwaj
Assistant Manager (T) SIMSR
PGDM- (Operations)

1
 Certificate of Approval

We approve this Summer Project Report titled " Study and simplify the existing DTL network system
(SCADA) using MIS tools" as a certified study in management carried out and presented in a manner
satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a prerequisite for the award of Post-Graduate Diploma in
Business Administration for which it has been submitted. It is understood that by this approval we do
not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein
but approve the Summer Project Report only for the purpose it is submitted.

Summer Project Report Examination Committee for evaluation of Summer Project Report

Name Signature

1. Faculty Examiner

2. PG Summer Project Co-coordinator

2
 Certificate from Summer Project Guides

This is to certify that Mr. Rahul Bhardwaj, a student of the Post-Graduate Diploma in Business
Administration/ Post Graduate Program, has worked under our guidance and supervision. This
Summer Project Report has the requisite standard and to the best of our knowledge no part of it has
been reproduced from any other summer project, monograph, report or book.

Organizational Guide
Designation
Organization
Address
Date

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am highly indebted to A.K Rathor (Manager) for their invaluable support without which the project could
have not been worked out the way it has. I am very much thankful to S.K Srivastav (Assistance manager
Training) who helped me immensely in understanding the basics and complexities of along with
additions that made the quality of report better. I would also like to extend a note of thanks to all other
employees of Delhi Transco Limited who helped me directly or indirectly in successful completion of my
project. I am also grateful to Prof. ________ who gave his precious inputs, which also helped me to take
the plunge of getting into an absolute different stream of finance.

4
 TABLE OF CONTENT

S No. TITLE Page No.

1 Executive summary 7
2 Introduction 8
i. DTL 8
ii. SLDC 9
3 Scope of SLDC 10
4 Working of SLDC system 10
5 Organisational chart of SLDC 11
6 Functions of various circles of SLDC 12
i. System operation. 12
ii. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition 12
(SCADA)
iii. Energy Accounting 13
7 Committees of SLDC and their working 13
8 Distribution network of electricity in India 16
i. NRLDC 16
ii. ERLDC 17
iii. WRLDC 17
iv. SRLDC 18
v. NERLDC 18
9 Electricity network in Delhi 19
i. NDPL 20
ii. BYPL 22
iii. BRPL 22
iv. NDMC 23
v. MES 26
10 Introduction to MIS in the DTL system 27
11 Main menu of SLDC system 27
12 SCADA MENU 28
i. SCADA HOME 29

5
 ii. SLDC 36
iii. One lines 54
iv. Communication 54
v. Alarm 55
vi. Net security 57
vii. Gen dispatch 59
viii. Planning 60
ix. System management 61
x. Modelling 63
xi. Net Analyst 64
xii. Generation analyst 64
xiii. System Analyst 65
xiv. Data Exchange 66
xv. Current operational Plan 67
13 Demerits of SLDC 68
14 MIS solution for current system 69
15 Proposed process diagram 70
16 Advantages of using MIS 73
17 Conclusion 73
18 Annexure 75
19 References 78

6
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
AIM: - Study and simplify the existing DTL network system (SCADA) using MIS tools
Delhi Transco Limited is the state transmission utility of the national capital territory of Delhi which deals
with all the work related to providing electricity to the Delhi region. Every state has their own central
governing body to govern the electricity. It is important to govern the electricity properly because problem
like theft, leakage, breakdowns, etc are very common in the electricity business. So carefully monitoring
the electricity flow is very important. To monitor all this DTL‟s load despatch centre has a system known
as SCADA which brings all the information from all the substations and the power plants which give or
distribute the electricity to the Delhi region. This system is setup only to give and take the information no
controlling is done through this medium. My aim through this training would be to develop a means
through which SCADA can not only gather uninterrupted information from all the parts of the network but
also control the working of the system from the one centre therefore not requiring manual telephonic
messaging as a means of communicating the command of DTL. Through my project DTL can benefit as
they have a different angle to see their existing system and can work on the current system flaws and
then work on making it more user friendly and more efficient and effective.

PROCESS: - First understanding what DTL does and where it lies in the hierarchy of the electricity
distribution in India. After understating the working of DTL then I will do an in depth analysis of the
SCADA system which is currently being used in the Load Despatch centre. After careful analysis I will
find out the flaws or demerits of using this system and suggest a better and more effective way to
connect the whole system which had minimum time lag and required minimal manual monitoring. To
understand the whole SCADA system I would be required to work on the server and understand the
system, this task would require some assistance as to one has to work very carefully when working on
servers because all the system as interconnected therefore a wrong click can exit the system and bring
down the whole server. So before working on the server proper has to b e taken as which are more
danger prone areas of the server and in which areas in the server I have to be careful not to click on the
wrong option. Carefully studying the system and uses of all the options I will represent it all in a
presentable form in this report so that a 3 rd person can understand the functions of the SCADA system
by just looking into this report. At last, after proposing the MIS system I will explain its working and also
explain how it will be better than the current system being used in DTL. After proposing the process
diagram I will note the advantages of the new system.

7
 INTRODUCTION TO DELHI TRANCO LIMITED
MISSION: - To facilitate intra and interstate transfer of power with Responsibility, Security and
Economy on sound commercial principles.

Delhi Transco Limited is the State Transmission Utility of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. It is
responsible for transmission of power at 220KV and 400KV level, besides up gradation operation
and maintenance of EHV Network as per system requirements.

After the enactment of Electricity Act 2003, a new department under the name and style of State
Load Despatch Centre (SLDC) under Delhi Transco Limited was created, as an Apex body to
ensure integrated operation of the power system in Delhi. Earlier the department was part of O&M
Department of Delhi Transco Ltd / Delhi Vidyut Board. SLDC Delhi started its function on the First of
January 2004. SLDC is responsible for the real time Load Despatch function, O&M of SCADA
System and Energy Accounting.

Delhi Transco Limited is the State Transmission Utility of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. It is
responsible for transmission of power at 220KV and 400KV level, besides upgradation operation and
maintenance of EHV Network as per system requirements. After the enactment of Electricity Act 2003, a
new department under the name and style of State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC) under Delhi Transco
Limited was created, as an Apex body to ensure integrated operation of the power system in Delhi.
SLDC Delhi started its function on the First of January 2004. SLDC is responsible for the real time Load
Despatch function, O&M of SCADA System and Energy Accounting.

Delhi Transco Limited is the State Transmission Utility responsible for augmenting and maintaining
existing Transmission System consisting of 220kV and 400kV sub-stations and Transmission Lines
Network, efficiently and effectively in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. DTL also takes care of
Power needs of Delhi by arranging power on short term and long term basis. After the enactment of
Electricity Act 2003, a new department under the name and style of State Load Despatch Center (SLDC)
under Delhi Transco Limited was created, as an Apex Body to ensure integrated operation of the power
system in Delhi. SLDC Delhi started its function on the First of January 2004. SLDC is responsible for
the real time Load Despatch function, O&M of SCADA System and Energy Accounting.

8
Introduction to SLDC: -

There are multiple agencies within a state engaged in generation, transmission, and distribution of
electricity. State Load Dispatch Centre monitors these operations and keeps the account of quantity of
electricity transmitted through the state grid. SCADA is a part of it. Supervisory Control And Data
Acquisition System (SCADA) is a high tech computer system with associated communication network
that enables supervision and control of power system network. Demand for power is increasing very fast
due to continual improvement in quality of urban life style as well as expansion of industrial sector. The
rapid increase in demand for power is associated with growing level of power system network complexity
in terms of need for unified grid operation while maintaining the operational parameters. Further
increased openness in the power sector economy has put additional pressure on the power companies
to manage the power system resources in the most optimum manner within regulatory constraints
imposed by Regulator.

To meet the above challenges the need for a Real Time SCADA system in any modern power system
utility is indispensable.

Major Functions of SLDC

To ensure integrated operation of the power system.

To give directions and exercise supervision and control which is required for
integrated operation to achieve maximum economy and efficiency in power
system operation.
Scheduling and Re-Scheduling of available resources for optimum and
economic operation of the power system.

To coordinate shutdowns for the Generating Units and Sub-station equipment,

including transmission lines taking into consideration continuity of supply.

System Restoration in a systematic manner in shortest possible duration,

following Grid Disturbances.

Accounting of Energy handled by the State System.

Compiling & Furnishing data pertaining to Power System Operation.

9
SCOPE OF SLDC: -

Initially the scope of Unified Scheme covered all generating stations of Delhi, 2 numbers 400KV, 15
numbers 22OKV and 3 numbers 66KV RTU (Remote Terminal Utility) grid stations. Subsequently, three
number 66KV grid stations were dropped as they were placed under the jurisdiction of distribution
company M/s BSES and M/s NDPL after unbundling. Under the scheme one SLDC at Minto Road and
four Area Load Despatch Centre (ALDCs) at Bamnauli, Bawana, Ghazipur and Gopalpur have been
established and are operational. All the generating stations of Delhi and grid stations have been grouped
in four distinct areas, each reporting to respective ALDC and in turn ALDC sent their data to SLDC Minto
Road.

WORKING OF SLDC SYSTEM: -

Sophisticated computers and communication equipments are installed at SLDC and ALDCs, which have
been interconnected through associated communication network comprising of Fibre Optic
Communication Link, Microwave and PLCC links. The network also acts as a bridge connecting NRLDC
with rest of the Northern Region constituent States as their data flows to NRLDC through DTL
communication network.

The DTL network is a part of entire Northern Region, which includes constituent states, central sector,
and Power Grid. This vast communication network allows on-line availability of field data of entire
northern region at our SLDC Minto Road, which helps system engineers to know the real time status of
entire northern grid for taking prudent decisions in the event of most complex power system scenario.
One Video Projection System (VPS) having 134" large screen, besides high speed data servers,
computer operator consoles, is installed at SLDC building at Minto Road which depicts various network
scenarios displayed in text as well as graphic form which provide instant overview of the power system
to the operators for load dispatch.

The SCADA system is equipped with self-diagnostic features along with facilities for recording of
Sequence of Events (SOE) giving the type, location and occurrence of specific events. This information
is used for post fault diagnosis/studies. Apart from above, the system is also equipped with historical
data recorder (HTR) which records power system dynamics even under normal conditions which can be
replayed at any point of time for reference or analytic studies.

10
ORGANISATIONAL CHART OF SLDC: -

11
Functions of Various Circles of SLDC
A. System operation.
B. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
C. Energy Accounting

A. System Operation

System Operation Circle is mainly responsible for techno-economic scheduling and dispatch of
electricity within the NCT of Delhi in accordance with the contracts entered into with the licensees
or the generating companies operating in Delhi. The System Operation Division monitors grid
operations, exercise supervision and control over the intra-state transmission system and carry out the
real time operation of grid control and dispatch of electricity within Delhi through secure and
economic operations of the State Grid in accordance with the Grid standards and the State Grid Code.
The responsibility for implementation of these procedures lies with the Managers (System
Operation) General Shift as well as in Manager (System Operation) shifts round the clock under the
overall supervision and control of Dy.G.M.(S.O).

B. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

SLDC has a state of art Load despatch centre having SCADA (Supervisor Control And Data
Acquisition System) for retrieving information from generating stations and grid sub stations consisting of
analogue data (like Mega Watt, Voltage, Current, MVar) and digital status of various elements (like
Circuit Breaker, Isolator etc.) for real time operation of grid, enabling it to operate safely, securely and
economically.
The data from substation is received through an existing communication ring comprising of
OPGW, Microwave and PLCC links. For indicating this data on control room monitors, the hardware and
communication links at sub stations are maintained round the clock by the hardware and PLCC sub
division of SCADA. The software sub division of SCADA has developed in-house softwares for various
activities. Recently scheduling software as per ABT, energy accounting and the transmission
system availability have been developed and are in use.
The direct benefits of a modern SCADA system are: -
 Constant access to Real Time picture of entire network showing power system voltage,
frequency, MW, MVAR, etc.
 Supervision, monitoring and control of power in Real Time.
 Optimal operation of power system, i.e. generation and associated resources.
 Minimum of outage and faster restoration of the system in the event of Grid disturbances.
 Improvement in the quality of supply through better control of frequency, voltage and other
parameters.
 Less dependence on basic telephone system.

12
C. Energy Accounting

The circle is to undertake the accounting of the quantity of electricity transmitted through the state
grid as envisaged in the Electricity Act. This includes the preparation of State Energy Accounts
indicating Availability, Scheduled Generation, Plant Load Factor computation, Open Cycle
Operation of Gas Turbines etc. in respect of Generating Stations within Delhi. It has to prepare weekly
UI Accounts as per Intrastate UI bills and Reactive Energy transactions. At present, this circle‟s
responsibilities are being discharged by System Operation circle.

Committees of SLDC and their working: -

The Grid Coordination Committee is responsible for the following matters namely: -

a. facilitating the implementation of these Regulations and the procedures developed under the
provisions of these Regulations;
b. Assessing and recommending remedial measures for issues that might arise during the course of
implementation of provisions of these Regulations and the procedures developed under the
Provisions of these Regulations;
c. Review of the DGC, in accordance with the provisions of the Act and these Regulations;
d. Analyse any major grid disturbance after its occurrence,
e. Examining problems raised by the Users, and
f. investigate in case any Beneficiary is indulging in unfair gaming or collusion after getting
reported from SLDC.
g. Review of the complete statement of the State UI and the State Reactive Energy account tabled by
the SLDC through its Commercial Committee (a ub-committee of GCC); and
h. Such other matters as may be directed by the Commission from time to time.

Under The Grid coordination committee various sub-committees are: -

A. Operation Co-Ordination Sub-Committee (OCC)
B. Commercial Sub-Committee (CC)
C. Protection Sub-Committee (PC)
D. System Study Sub-Committee
A) OPERATION CO-ORDINATION SUB-COMMITTEE (OCC)

Functions and Responsibilities:

Operation Co-ordination Committee (OCC) is responsible for

 Settle all issues related to operation of the Delhi / Regional grid viz. reviewing the schedule v/s.
13
 actual generation of various power stations drawn up in the previous month.
 Estimating availability of power and energy from each power station and demand of each licensee
for the current and next month.
 Drawing up coordinated maintenance schedule for generating units and transmission network.
 Reviewing operational discipline and its norms to be observed by constituents.
 Reviewing the operation of Automatic Under-Frequency Relays.
 Discussing system occurrences, if any, during the previous month.
 Reviewing the status of implementation of the recommendations of the Inquiry Committees.
 Monitoring / reviewing violation of provisions of IEGC/DGC related to grid operation
 Discussing / reviewing measures for ensuring economic grid operation including optimization of
energy transfer with other constituents.
 Examining possibility of optimizing intra state energy exchanges.
 Discussing optimization of energy transfer with other states.
 Any other matter referred by the GCC.

B) COMMERCIAL SUB-COMMITTEE (CC):

Functions and Responsibilities:

Commercial Sub-Committee(CC) is responsible for

 All commercial related issues viz. energy accounting

 Schemes required for inclusion in the Bulk Power Supply Agreements
 Requirement of power from the new projects
 Installation of special energy meters and its cost sharing, etc.
 Metering aspects
 Reviewing of the payments towards UI charges
 Treatment of transmission losses
 Commercial declaration of lines / substation and Generating units
 Commercial issues in intra state exchange of power
 Issues concerning settlement of payments among constituents, if any, etc.

C) PROTECTION SUB-COMMITTEE (PC)

Functions and Responsibilities:

Protection Sub-Committee (PC) is responsible for

 All power system protection related issues viz. analysis of system disturbances in the state
 Review of protective relaying schemes
 Relay co-ordination
 Islanding schemes

14
 Automatic under frequency load shedding schemes
 Review of the implementation of recommendations made by the Inquiry Committee of the grid
disturbance in the state / region concerning the above matters, etc.
 Any other matter referred by the GCC.

D) SYSTEM STUDY SUB-COMMITTEE:

Functions and Responsibilities

System Study Sub-Committee entrusted with the work to carry out following system studies

 Studies for assessment of the quantum of capacitors required in the state taking into account the
expected additions in the generation and transmission systems and the low voltage conditions
in the system. The study shall be correlated with that of capacitor requirement study of being
carried out at Regional level at NRPC.
 Studies for review of area wise reactive compensation requirement
 Operational load flow studies as & when required, for peak conditions off peak conditions etc.
 Short-circuit studies as and when required.
 Transient stability studies for major events like grid disturbances or other issues periodically or as
and when requested by the constituent(s).
 System studies related to transmission constraints.
 Studies specific to high / low voltage conditions with specific reference to reactors or
capacitors operation / requirement.
 Identification of requirement of reactors as and when required
 Co-relation of protection related issues from Studies as and when required
 To draw out the contingency plan of Delhi Power System.
 Any other technical study referred by the GCC.

15
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF ELECTRICITY IN INDIA

POWER GRID OF INDIA

NRLDC ERLDC WRLDC SRLDC NERLDC

Power grid at a glance

POWERGRID, a Navratna Public Sector Enterprise, is one of the largest transmission utilities in the
world. POWERGRID wheels about 45% of the total power generated in the country on its transmission
network. POWERGRID has a pan India presence with around 71,500 Circuit Kms of Transmission
network and 120 nos. of EHVAC & HVDC sub-stations with a total transformation capacity of 79,500
MVA.POWERGRID has also diversified into Telecom business and established a telecom network of
more than 20,000 Kms across the country. POWERGRID has consistently maintained the transmission
system availability over 99% which is at par with the International Utilities
 Northern region load despatch centre (NRLDC)

NRLDC is the apex body to ensure integrated operation of the power system in the Northern Region.
The main responsibilities of NRLDC are:

 System parameters and security.

 To ensure the integrated operation of the power system grid in the region.
 System studies, planning and contingency analysis.
 Analysis of tripping/disturbances and facilitating immediate remedial measures.
 Daily scheduling and operational planning.
 Facilitating bilateral and inter-regional exchanges.
 Computation of energy despatch and drawal values using SEMs.
 Augmentation of telemetry, computing and communication facilities.


16
 Eastern region load despatch centre (ERLDC)

Functions: -

Facilitates  Integrated operation for improved quality, Security and Reliability of Power Supply on
Regional Basis

Provides  Avenues for Intra-Regional and Inter Regional Exchanges

Telemeters Live Data from Major Generating Plants and Sub-stations

Co-ordinates  Drawal Schedule from for all ISGS constituents

Persuades  Constituents to Match Drawal Schedule

Issues  Clearance for outage of Elements for Maintenance Work

Supplies  Management Information about Performance of Grid Operation

Supports  Constituents in Power System Studies

Monitors  Generation of C.S. Power Stations and Power Flow in Major Lines and Tie Lines

Endeavours  To Maintain Network Security

Processes  Special Energy Meter Readings for Bulk Power Energy Settlement

Implements IEGC and Regulatory Directives

 Western region load despatch centre (WRLDC)

WRLDC is the apex body to ensure integrated operation of the power system in the Western Region.
The main responsibilities of WRLDC are:

 Monitoring of system parameters and security.

 To ensure the integrated operation of the power system grid in the region.
 System studies, planning and contingency analysis.
 Analysis of tripping/disturbances and facilitating immediate remedial measures.
 Daily scheduling and operational planning.
 Facilitating bilateral and inter-regional exchanges.
 Computation of energy despatch and drawal values using SEMs.
 Augmentation of telemetry, computing and communication facilities.

17
 Southern region load despatch centre (SRLDC)

 North-eastern region load despatch centre (NERLDC)

Features: -

a. Constituent states: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam , Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland

and Tripura, so called the Seven Sisters of NER.

b. Central Sector agencies: NEEPCO, NHPC, POWERGRID.

c. Total installed capacity of the region : 2334.06 MW [grid-2201.62 & isolated-132.44], as on

31/08/06

d. Hydro: Thermal ratio: 1:1 (approximately)

e. Transmission voltage level: 400, 220 & 132 & 66 KV

f. Mode of operation: Synchronised with Eastern, Western & Northern Region through A/C links –
400 KV Bongaigaon-Binaguri-Malda, 400kV Bongaigaon-Purnea-Malda & 220 KV Birpara-Salakati
D/C.

18
 Power System governance in different states.

a) A.P: Under direct control of the Deptt of Power, Govt of A.P with load despatch function
through SLDC at Itanagar.

b) Assam: Under management of Assam Electricity Grid Corporation Limited (AEGCL) with SLDC
at Kahelipara, Guwahati.

c) Manipur: Under direct control of the Electricity Deptt, Govt of Manipur with load despatch
function through SLDC at Imphal.

d) Meghalaya: Under management of Meghalaya State Electricity Board (MeSEB) with SLDC at
Nehu.

e) Mizoram: Under direct control of the Power & Electricity Deptt, Govt of Mizoram, with load
despatch function through SLDC at Aizawl.

f) Nagaland: Under direct control of the Deptt of Power, Govt of Nagaland with load despatch
function through SLDC at Dimapur.

g) Tripura: Under management of Tripura State Electricity Corporation Limited with load despatch
function through SLDC at Agartala.

ELECTRICITY NETWORK IN DELHI

The network in Delhi follows a different pattern from other states as Delhi being a metro city there is a
constant need of electricity, hence proper maintenance of network and proper working has to be insured
by the electricity providers. To handle such difficult task the Govt. Of Delhi has distributed rights to 5
companies which spread through across Delhi region and distribute electricity in their respective region
efficiently.
The 5 distributors in Delhi region for electricity mainly known as DISCOMs are: -
1. NDPL
2. BYPL
3. BSES
4. NDMC
5. MES

19
Delhi network diagram: -

1. North Delhi power limited (NDPL)

North Delhi Power Limited (NDPL, formerly known as North Northwest Delhi Distribution Company
Limited) distributes electricity in the North areas of Delhi. NDPL is a Joint Venture between Tata Power
and Govt. of NCT as a result of the privatisation of electricity distribution in Delhi.

North Delhi Power Limited (NDPL) is a joint venture between Tata Power Company and the Government
of NCT of Delhi with the majority stake being held by Tata Power. It distributes electricity in North &
North West parts of Delhi and serves a populace of 50 lakh . The company started operations on July 1,
2002 post the unbundling of erstwhile Delhi Vidyut Board. With a registered consumer base of around 10
lakh and a peak load of around 1250 MW, the company‟s operations span across an area of 510sqkms.

NDPL has been the frontrunner in implementing power distribution reforms in the capital city and is
acknowledged for its consumer friendly practices. Since privatisation, the Aggregate Technical &
Commercial (AT&C) losses in NDPL areas have shown a record decline. Today they stand at 14.47% (
as on March 31, 2010) which is an unprecedented reduction of over 74% from an opening loss level of
53%.

20
On the power supply front too, NDPL areas have shown remarkable improvement. The company has
embarked upon an ambitious plan to implement high-tech automated systems for its entire distribution
network. Systems such as SCADA, GIS and OTS are the cornerstone of the company‟s distribution
automation project. To fight the menace of power theft, modern techniques like High Voltage Distribution
(HVDS) System and LT Arial Bunch Conductor have been adopted.

NDPL has to its credit several firsts in Delhi: SCADA controlled Grid Stations, Automatic Meter Reading,
GSM based Street Lighting system and SMS based Fault Management System. To ensure complete
transparency, the company has provided online information on billing and payment to all its 1 million
consumers. This happened in the first year of operations itself. NDPL believes in providing more value
than just electricity and is even rewarding its consumers for timely payment.

NDPL is the first power distribution utility from India to have won the prestigious Edison Award in the
international category. The prestigious award is given annually by the Edison Electric Institute (EEI) to
honour both international and U.S. electric companies for outstanding contributions to the advancement
of the Power industry.

NDPL was also conferred the „Asian Utility of the Year 2008‟ award by Asian Power and is also the
winner of Palladium Balanced Scorecard Hall of Fame Award.

NDPL has the distinction of being the youngest company and the first power utility in India to receive the
prestigious CII EXIM Award for „Strong Commitment to Excel‟. It is also the only distribution utility to
receive the ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certification. NDPL has also been conferred the
„National Award for Meritorious Performance‟ by the President of India.

21
2. BSES Yamuna power limited (BYPL)
&
3. BSES Rajdhani power limited (BRPL)

Formerly, known as Bombay Suburban Electric Supply Limited, it was incorporated on 1st October
1929, for the distribution of electricity in the suburbs of Mumbai.In July 2002, Delhi Vidyut Board
unbundled into five successor entities – the three distribution companies, a transmission and a holding
company. Two of the three distribution companies have been handed over to BSES, and one to TATA
POWER.

As a part of its active support to the privatisation process, BSES has recently acquired an equity stake
of 51% in two of the three Distribution Companies of Delhi after unbundling and privatization of the
erstwhile Delhi Vidyut Board. The two distribution companies, BSES Rajdhani Power Limited covering
South and West areas and BSES Yamuna Power Limited covering Central and East regions provide
electricity to around 17 lakhs consumers spread across an area of 900 sq kms (approx).

Following the privitisation of Delhi‟s power sector and unbundling of the Delhi Vidyut Board in July 2002,
the business of power distribution was transferred to BSES Yamuna Power Limited (BYPL) and BSES
Rajdhani Power Limited (BRPL). These two of the three successor entities distribute electricity to 22.6
lakh customers in two thirds of Delhi. The Company acquired assets, liabilities, proceedings and
personnel of the Delhi Vidyut Board as per the terms and conditions contained in the Transfer Scheme

BSES Yamuna Power Limited (BYPL)

BYPL distributes power to an area spread over 200 sq kms with a population density of 4230 per sq km.
It‟s 10.4lakh customers are spread over 14 districts across Central and East areas including Chandni
Chowk, Daryaganj, Paharganj, Shankar Road, Patel Nagar, G T Road, Karkardooma, Krishna Nagar,
Laxmi Nagar, Mayur Vihar, Yamuna Vihar, Nand Nagri and Karawal Nagar.

BSES Rajdhani Power Limited (BRPL)

BRPL distributes power to an area spread over 750 sq. km with a population density of 1360 per sq km.
Its‟ over 12.2 lakh customers are spread in 19 districts across South and West areas including
Alaknanda, Khanpur, Vasant Kunj, Saket, Nehru Place, Nizamuddin, Sarita Vihar, Hauz Khas, R K
Puram, Janakpuri, Najafgargh, Nangloi, Mundka, Punjabi Bagh, Tagore Garden, Vikas Puri, Palam and
Dwarka.
Since taking over distribution, BSES‟ singular mission has been to provide reliable and quality electricity
supply. BSES has invested over Rs 3500 crore on upgrading and augmenting the infrastructure which
has resulted in a record reduction of AT&C losses. From a high of 63.1 % AT&C losses in BYPL area in
2002 the losses have come down to 23% a record reduction around 40%.
Similarly, in BRPL area AT&C losses have been reduced from 51.2% to 20% - a record reduction of 31%

22
 4. New Delhi municipal council (NDMC)

The electricity department of NDMC is responsible for uninterrupted power supply to consumers. It
constructs and maintains sub-stations. It lays transmission and distribution and service cables to
consumers. It sanctions connections to various categories of consumers. Good standard of road
lighting is provided. Electrical and mechanical services are installed and maintained at all NDMC
buildings. Special lighting of Monuments, fibre optics lighting and fountains are also installed and
maintained by electricity department.

Delhi Set-up had recommended that a fresh law governing NDMC should be passed by the Parliament for
proper organization and functioning of the New Delhi Municipal Council. Consequent upon enforcement of
Constitution (Seventy Fourth Amendment) Act, several provisions in Punjab Municipal Act, 1911 had to be
brought in tune with Part IXA of the Constitution before 31st May, 1994. Furthermore, there were several
major differences between various functional regimes prescribed under the old law governing NDMC in
comparison to the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957. It was generally recognized that there was need
for a greater measure of commonality in the procedure adopted by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi and
the New Delhi Municipal Council in matters relating to taxation, revenue, budgeting, contracts, accounts and
audits, streets and sanitation, public health, public safety and suppression of nuisances etc.

The following were the most important objectives.

i. To Provide New Delhi Municipal Council area with a new legislation repealing the Punjab Municipal Act,
1911.
ii. To bring uniformity as far as possible in building regulations, audit revenue and budgetary provisions in the
Municipal Corporation of Delhi and New Delhi Municipal area; is marginal.
iii. To harmonize the law with the Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992 with necessary
exemptions and modifications under article 143ZB of the Constitution wherever departure has had to be
made from the constitutional provisions. The provisions of Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act,
1992 were brought into force with effect from 1st June, 1993 and the laws governing municipalities all over
the country had to be harmonized in consonance with the provisions of Part IXA of the Constitution by 31st
May, 1994. Consequently an Ordinance was promulgated on 25th May, 1994.

23
The National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) comprises three local bodies, MCD, NDMC and Cantonment
Board. The Municipal Corporation of Delhi comprises approximately 96 per cent of the area and population
of the Union Territory of Delhi. The Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957 was amended in August, 1994 to
bring it in tune with the Constitutional provisions of Part IXA. In respect of New Delhi Municipal Council,
which consists of only 3 per cent of the area and 3 per cent of the population of National Capital Territory of
Delhi, it was felt that a different kind of legal system be structured taking into account special characteristics
of the New Delhi Municipal Council area.

Following are the reasons.

i. The New Delhi Municipal Council area comprises of the territory that has been described as Lutyen‟s Delhi
and which has historically come to be regarded as the seat of central authority in Union of India.
ii. It comprises of important buildings like Rashtrapati Bhawan, Parliament House, Supreme Court, North and
South Blocks and buildings abutting Central Vista and also all the diplomatic missions which function as
territorial entities under the sovereign jurisdiction of their Flag States.
iii. The Government of India is nearly the sole landowner and also owns about eighty percent of the buildings
in the New Delhi Municipal Council area. Private ownership of property in this area. Private ownership of
property in this area is marginal.
iv. Efficient function of the Municipal services in this area is critical for the internal image of the country and is
a factor which has an important bearing on the functioning of the Government apparatus itself.
v. Historically, this area has enjoyed a system of Local Government very different from other parts of the
National Capital Territory. On account of these special characteristics, it was felt that any scheme for the
governance of this area based on conventional pattern of representative local self-government, would be
unworkable and out of place since the pre-eminent character of this area is that of the seat of the Central
Government.

Constitution of the Council The Constitution of Council has been defined under chapter-2 of NDMC Act -
1994. The Council shall consist of the following members viz.

1. (a) A Chairperson, from amongst the officers, of the Central Government or the Government, of or above
the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India to be appointed by the Central Government in

24
consultation with the Chief Minister of Delhi; (b) Three members of Legislative Assembly of Delhi
representing constituencies, which comprise wholly or partly the New Delhi area; (c) Five members from
amongst the officers of the Central Government or the Government or their undertakings, to be nominated by
the Central Government; and (d) Two members to be nominated by the Central Government in consultation
with the Chief Minister of Delhi to represent from amongst lawyers, doctors, chartered accountants,
engineers, business and financial consultants, intellectuals, traders, labourers, social workers including
social-scientists, artists, media persons, sports persons and any other class of persons as may be specified
by the Central Government in this behalf.

2. The Member of Parliament, representing constituency, which comprises wholly or partly the New Delhi
area, shall be a special invitee for the meetings of the Council but without a right to vote.

3. Out of the eleven members referred to in sub-section (1), there shall be at least three members who are
women and one member belonging to the Scheduled Castes.

4. The Central Government shall nominate, in consultation with the Chief Minister of Delhi, a Vice-
Chairperson from amongst the members specified in clauses (b) and (d) of sub-section (1). Section 4(1,2&3)
of the NDMC Act - 1994}

The Council unless sooner dissolved under section - 398 or any other law for the time being in force, shall
continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and no longer. {Section 5(1) of the NDMC
Act - 1994} A Bill No. 55 of 1994 was introduced in the Parliament and the New Delhi Municipal Council Act
was passed by the Parliament. After the Bill passed by the Parliament, consent received of the President of
India, the Council was constituted on the 10th November, 1995. The first meeting of the Council took place
on 23rd December, 1995, under the chairmanship of the Lt. Governor, Delhi (the Administrator of Delhi).

Boundaries

The NDMC area bounded by the junction of Pusa Road and Upper Ridge Road towards east along the New
Link Road, the Panchkuian Road upto its junction with the Old Gurgaon Road; thence towards northeast
along the Old Gurgaon Road and Chelmsford Road upto the New Delhi Railway Station; thence towards
south and south east along the railway line upto its junction with the Hardings Bridge; thence towards south
along the Mathura Road; upto its junction with Lodhi Road; thence towards south along the Lodhi Road; upto
its junction with the first road leading to Lodhi Colony; thence towards south along the first road leading to
Lodhi Colony upto its junction with the Ring Railway; hence towards south along the railway line upto its
junction with Qutab Road; thence towards south along the Qutab Road upto to its junction with Kushak
Nallaha; thence towards east along the Kaushak Nulla up to its junction with the Boundary of the Corporation

25
and along the south boundary of the Medical Enclave upto its junction with the Ring Road near Gawalior
Potteries; thence towards north-west along the Ring Road upto its junction with Kitchner Road, thence
towards north along the Upper Ridge up to the starting point.{Defined in first schedule of NDMC Act - 1994}

5. Military engineering services (MES)

Military Engineer Services (MES) is one of the largest Government construction agency in India and
provides works cover to Army, Navy and Air Force. It has a large number of units and sub units spread
across the entire country. Engineer-in-Chief is the head of MES and is assisted by six Command Chief
Engineers who are co-located and under the operational Army Commands, Additional Director Generals
at Pune and Secunderabad and 31 Zonal Chief Engineers. Besides works of the Armed Forces, MES
also undertake civil works of Defence Research and Development Organization, Coast Guard, Kendriya
Vidyalaya Sanghathan, and other government organizations.

The website Service is being provided by MES to facilitate faster dissemination and easy access to
information related to tenders. The tenders, however are owned, published and maintained by the
respective MES formations that are responsible for their accuracy, authenticity and validity.

26
Introduction to MIS in the DTL system

For successful implementation of MIS in DTL, it is required to identify and develop a suitable
organisational structure for the MIS organisation. MIS organisation is responsible for planning, design,
realisation, implementation, exploitation and evaluation of one or more information systems in such a
way that the requirements of stakeholders are met. The organisational unit of MIS go through following
phases:

 Planning: - Addresses the needs of the user organisation and the way in which the MIS
organisation can meet those needs. In this phase the requirements imposed on MIS are defined,
and funding for realizing MIS is made available.

 Design: - Addresses the composition of a blueprint for MIS that meets the requirements defined
in the planning. The blueprint describes the structure of the organisational unit (which is a part of
MIS) and its processes.

 Realisation: - Addresses the elaboration of the MIS processes and the formulation of
corresponding procedures. This phase also includes the recruitment of personnel and acquisition of
equipment needed for setting up MIS.

 Implementation:- Addresses the assignment of tasks and responsibilities of MIS employees.

Assignment of these tasks to external parties is also possible (Outsourcing).

 Exploitations:- Addresses the organisational unit of MIS at work, that is, doing the planning,
design, realisation, implementation, exploitation and evaluation of the information system MIS is
responsible for. The stakeholders define the requirements for the information system, and they
evaluate whether the information systems do comply with requirements.

 Evaluation: - Addresses the monitoring of MIS to evaluate whether MIS work conform the
requirements defined in planning phase. This phase does not address the evaluation of
information systems, but the evaluation of Organisational unit of MIS that manages the system.

27
 To implement the MIS system in the DTL‟s SCADA network first one has to understand the whole
system in detail to find out the flaws in the system and then plan out the ways in which MIS can help the
system in becoming more efficient and user friendly. The basic use of MIS is to help organisation to
process the data in a timely manner without any interruptions and also removing any kind of
discrepancies pr any kind of confusion between the various stations connected to the system.

Hence the first step is to get familiar with the system and study it in detail. So, the whole system is
explained as below: -

Main menu of the SLDC system

SCADA MENU When a user clicks on this the following options are shown in the system

System displays menu

SCADA SLDC ONELINES COMMUNICATION ALARM

HOME

NET GEN_DISPAT PLANNING SYSTEM_MGNT MODELING

SECURITY CH

NET_ANALYS GEN_ANALYS SYTEM_ANA DATA_EXCHAN CUR_OPER_PL

T T LYST GEGE AN

This is the main menu of the whole control room. SCADA stands for Supervisor Control And Data
Acquisition System this is the main system which governs all the information sharing between all the
systems in the network. This is the main server which gathers the information from all the systems and
all the decisions are made based on the information gathered by this server. There are only few people
who have access to the main server of SCADA because if there is any wrong button clicked on this
server the whole system which includes parts of northern region as well will be effective and might lead
to some kind of damage to the system. It can also temporarily shutdown the information exchange
between the different networks of the states hence, it should always be dealt with extreme caution and
should never be used without any supervision.

28
 SCADA HOME
The first option in SCADA MENU is

UNDER THIS THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE

DATA ACQUISITION AND SUPERVISORY CONTROL

Displays >>> SUBSTATIONS TABULAR DISPLAYS

Displays >>> SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (STATUS)

Displays >>> SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (FILE TRANSFER)

Displays >>> EXCEPTIONS

Displays >>> POINT MONITORING

OPERATOR ACTIONS
INHIBIT AND SET NOT IN SERVICE
Displays >>>

Displays >>> MANUAL OVERRIDE

Displays >>> ALTERNATE MEASUREMENT

Displays >>> ALTERNATE LIMIT REPLACEMENT

Displays >>> TEST RTU MAINTENANCE

Displays >>> LOADSHED

Displays >>> TAGGING

29
 MISCELLANEOUS
GENERALIZED CALCULATIONS
Displays >>>

TREND
Displays >>>

Displays >>> HISTORICAL RECORDING

Displays >>> HIM SAMPLE RATES AND STATUS

Displays >>> LOG DISPLAYS

Now under each heading there are further options.

DATA ACQUISITION AND SUPERVISORY CONTROL

1) SUBSTATION TABULAR
DISPLAYS

SUBSTATION CONTROL TESTS SORTED SUBSTATION

DIRECTORY FOR DIRECTORY DIRECTORY FOR
TABULAR DISPLAYS TABULAR DISPLAYS

Substation directory for tabular displays: - This option shows the various status of substations in the
northern region of India. This gives the real time status of the various substations, like if there is any
work going on in the substation if we click on the name of the substation then we would be able to see
that whether that station is operational or it is tripped or it is closed.

30
Control test directory: - This also gives the list of substations but it only gives the details of the work
which is in progress in the substation. If there is no work in progress on a particular substation then the
page will come as blank.

Sorted substation Directory for tabular displays: - This is a sorted table of all the substations usually
use to scan through the substations by the supervisor. These tables are sorted in the order of work being
performed in the substations so that one can see in one glance that what is the status of work in all the
substations and how long will it take for them to become operational. This is very important as the
scheduling is done according to that only and the load allocation is planned according to it.

2)
SEQUENCE OF
EVENTS

SOE LOG SOE

FILTER

Sequence of event log: - Gives the details of real time sequence of events at various stations. This
keeps on updating according to the time of the report and is seen in that sequence only. It acquires data
from various substations that what is happening there and keeps the online record of each substation.
The entries of the log are put in the respective columns:

Date/time/millisecond, State, Quality, Substation, Type, Device and Point.

This helps to keep record of every activity happening across the substations and any discrepancy can be
resolved as there will be a record of each activity for every substation. To log an entry in this system
each substation has a pc in their office if there is an activity like maintenance, fault, etc the supervisor
fills in these entries at the moment and this log gets updated in the SLDC office. All the substations are
connected through intranet this helps each of the office to communicate with each other with ease.

Sequence of event filter: - This is used to filter out the urgent or important work going on any
substations from the routine work. This basically is done to priorities work and to keep the track of
accidental prone work. This is very important in this office as all the processes which have the tendency
31
to fail or causes any damage are given higher priority. The work which can give electricity to the area is
given more preference and concentrated monitoring can be applied to such events so that they can be
monitored carefully.

3) SEQUENCE OF EVENT FILE TRANSFER: - After entering the status of each activity in the
above SOE table each of the entry keeps on getting stored in the data files which are known as
Sequence of event file transfer. These are the record of the files of all the previous data. This is
kept as to sometimes system operator have to refer back the events which have occurred last
month or year. Hence this helps them to refer back those files to their exact date and time, so
that all the data regarding the difficulty of the substation and the hours of work it took to rectify the
problem can be referred and if there was a fault during the work it has a column of remarks there
which tells the person who‟s is referring that what kind of difficulties take place during this
process and accordingly appropriate preventive measures are taken.

4) EXCEPTIONS: - Recording anything which is different from the usual working of the system.

5) POINT MONITORING: - This is the monitoring system of various switching device of the
substations. Switching device are the fuse devise which have to be closed to make the voltage
flow and are kept in the lines to prevent accidental damage to the file. This gives point to point
monitoring to each switching device at each staions. This is very important for all the substation
as if there is a damage in any of the switching devices there is an immediate decision to make by
the system operator to get the electricity from another source and satisfy the load demand from
any other line which is operational.

OPERATOR ACTIONS

1) Inhibit and set not in service: - This option gives the details of all the non-working stations or
lines of the system. This gives the details of the lines which are not in use or can‟t be use and
also the limited capacity of each line. This is basically the information about the current status of
the Delhi Electricity System.
2) Manual override summary: - This gives the details about the time and circumstance under
which it was necessary to override the system manually. This also tells the user that whether or
not the system was replaced in future or it is still handled manually by the employees of that
plant.
3) Alternate measurement: - This option is not operational.
4) Alternate limit replacement: - This option is not operational.
5) Test RTU and maintenance: - This gives the details of the maintenance work and regular
testing of various RTU. This is basically a scheduled testing and maintenance so the data is

32
 stored permanently in the system and is changed only when the work is going on in any
substation. When the work is
6) Loadshed: - It tells the user the amount of load-shedding at each station and at each line of the
whole system. Load-shedding occurs when the demand becomes greater than supply. Then
SLDC has standard procedure to handle such situation. They have already listed priority areas
like Parliament house and other VVIP areas. The decision solely lie on the system operator is to
where he has to cut off the current to meet the demand for a certain more priority area. This is
always taken as a last step to meet the demand as each load-shedding cost a lot to the
respective company under whose are the load-shedding is occurring. Whenever ordering a load-
shedding there is a fixed amount attached to each minute which is cut off. Hence this shedding is
done with careful calculations keeping in mind which step will cost the minimum amount.

LOADSHED

LOADSHED EPISODE TENDED LOADSHED TEST LOADSHED

AND SUMMARY SUBSTATION TEST AND EPISODE MESSAGE
RESTORATION RESTORATIO/ SUMMARY LOG
/ OVERVIEW OVERVIEW

i. Loadshed and restoration/overview: - This section tells us about all the Loadshed that
has taken place in the past days and all the restoration data as well. Restoration data
means that when was the cut was called off and the duration of the cut. This gives the
data as heading and then in detail analysis of the reason of the Loadshed.
For e.g.:-
Substation SINUT_PG: Loadshed start 1300 hrs, restoration 1700hrs. Because of the
line fault in the substation the electricity was not able to reach its destination hence cut in
the area of IP Extension was approved for this time.
ii. Episode summary: - This gives the summary of the Load-shedding which includes fault
origin, reason. Line affected and duration. This gives the operator a quick one view glance
at the load-shedding situation at the northern region of India and its effect in Delhi region.

33
 iii. Tended substation: - This section has the detail of the origin of the fault which can be a
substation fault or a line fault. Each fault is directed to a particular substation which has a
responsibility to fix that fault so this tells the responsible substation for each fault so that
the higher authorities can question the people associated with that substation if the fault is
not fixed within the time frame stated.
iv. Load shed Test and restoration/overview: - This gives the processes which are taking
place to fix the load shedding fault and what efforts are taking place to restore it. Also
after fixing the fault the current is not switch on straight away first a restoration test is
performed on the system to check whether the fault has been fixed or not and there is no
chance of trip in the system when the current is switched back on. All the problems faced
while fixing the problem are also present in this section, this is very useful for reference in
future as if the same fault occurs again then the system operator can simply look at the
previous records and see what was the difficulty that the substation was facing while
fixing that problem and if the same problem occurs again then it is quite clear that the
method used to fix the problem was not adequate and it needs to be changed the second
time while fixing the problem.
v. Test episode summary: - This simply gives the name of the tests that take place at
various stations, time of test, duration and the result. This is simply to keep the record that
tests have been conducted after fixing the problem and the standard protocol is
maintained.
vi. Load shed message log: - This is the real time message log system which tells the real
time updated version of the situation of load shed at each line and substation. This
message box keeps on moving down as the new entry comes through on real time basis
and updates the sheet of the message log.

7) Tagging: - This function is used to make some remarks on a certain event so that the person
who comes in the other shift does not have a confusion of what s the current status of all the
system. This helps the other person to come up to pace what has happened before his shift has
begun. It also helps him to refer back to the tag and analyse the fault occurred and the time on
which it had occurred.

34
MISCELLANEOUS

1) Generalized calculations: - In this sections all the general formulae are stated some of which are
related to engineering like voltage-ampere relation, etc. Also some formulae like what capacity of
the capacitors are to be used for which type of load and what type circuit breaker is to be used in
what type of line and what capacity BUS is to be placed under a certain amount of load
.
2) Trend: - This shows the trend graphs of Delhi and also its various substations. It is basically user
defined, user can decide which graph he wants to look at and accordingly it can choose the
parameters given in the system. It has various options like pie, histogram, bar chart, meter graph
and trace-bar. Each options represents the data in a different form which will be suitable for the
person who is seeing that graph, these options are kept so that each data can be represented
differently in each type of graph hence each data will be suitable for different type of graph. The
graph is chosen according to the property of the data and only that type of graph is chosen which
gives clarity to the eyes of the observer.

3) Historical data recording: - This is the record of all the relevant historical data. It is being defined
by the DTL that which data is relevant for future use and which one can be discarded. Hence this
section stores those relevant data and is accessible for reference in future.

4) Him sample rates and status: - This gives all the rates of various processes in the substations
and also the per unit rate of the current. These rates keeps on changing that is why there is a real
time rate of current is given and it keeps on updating on per second basis.

5) Log displays: - This gives the details of all the logs all over northern region line. This is a huge file
of all the logs of various substations all over the region. The entire northern region in as well as
all the regions of all over India are interconnected with each other. Once the log is stored in any
of the system in northern area it gets stored in this Log automatically. This is a back up Log file

35
 2nd option in the SCADA MENU is SLDC.

SLDC

SLDC DISPLAYS

DTL RTU STATUS 400/200 KV NETWORK

DTL REGIONAL SUMMARY DTL NETWORK

DTL GENERATION DTL TRANSFORMER LOADING

MINTO ROAD UPS INTER REGIONAL

IMPORTANT LINE TRIPPING NR LINE DIAGRAM

TIE LINES DTL LINES

DTL OVERVIEW NR BLOCK

CIRCLEWISE FLOW TODAY PEAK DEMAND

36
 DTL RTU STATUS

This is the status of all the remote transfer units which fall under Delhi Transco Limited. This gives value
in KV of various 220 KV stations across Delhi. This has to be read carefully as the controlling power of
these entire substations lie in the hands of DTL and by looking at these values they take proper decision
as to where to get the required load and which area is more trip prone.

The page is displayed as below: -

DELHI AT A GLANCE UI: - _____Paise/KWH

DATE FREQUENCY: - ___ HZ

DELHI LOAD ______ MW

DELHI SCHEDULE _______MW

DELHI DRAWAL _______MW

DELHI OD (+)/UD (-) _______MW

MINTO ROAD SLDC

GAZIPUR KV BAWANA KV BAMNAULI KV GOPALPUR KV
PRAGATI KV KANJHAWALA KV PAPANKALAN-1 KV SABZI MANDI KV
IP POWER KV NARELA KV PAPANKALAN-2 KV WAZIRABAD KV
LODHI ROAD KV ROHINI KV MEHRAULI KV GEETA COLONY KV
PARK STREET KV SHALIMAR BAGH KV NAJAFGARH KV KASHMIRI GATE KV
PATPAR GANJ KV DSIDC KV NARAINA KV
RAJ GHAT KV LOCAL KV OKHLA KV
SARITA VIHAR KV AIIMS KV VASANT KUNJ KV

Meaning of each block is explained below: -

Delhi Load: - Total real time load of Delhi which is the real time demand of Delhi‟s electricity
consumption.

Delhi Schedule: - This is the predicted demand of Delhi for today, the prediction is always done on the
previous day in the night and a proper schedule of the whole day is available in the morning itself. This
helps in making the demand for power by DTL to the electricity plants and accordingly the plant functions
to generate that amount of power. This is handled very carefully because excess of current is also a
problem for DTL as current cannot be stored anywhere the calculations have to be precise as to what
will be the demand next day in the Delhi region.

Delhi Drawal: - This shows the actual load drawal of Delhi, this shows the real time demand of power by
the Delhi region.

37
Delhi OD (+)/UD (-): - This is the over drawal and under drawal value of Delhi. If the figure is +ve then it
means that Delhi is withdrawing more than it should according to the forecasting done on the previous
day and hence the respective DISCOM have to pay to the generation board. The amount is calculated
by multiplying the units in +ve and the rate of the unit current at that time which is UI. And in the other
case if the value is in –ve then the respective DISCOM gets money from the generation board because
they have used less electricity than they have paid for to all the generation plant.

UI: - It is the real time rate of power per unit in Paise. According to these rates only the money is given to
or is taken from the various DISCOMs.

Frequency: - It shows the amount of demand met by the supply. If the frequency is 50 Hz then it means
that all the demand is met by the supply from the power generation plant. If it is higher than it means
there is more electricity at the disposal then is required, and is it is below %) it means that the supply is
less than the load demand.

Table: - This shows the various 220 KV substations and their current capacity. There is an alarm system
attached to this table when there is a 5% +&- deviation in the value then it gets highlighted to red. But if it
remains in that region there is no alarm generated.

400/200 KV NETWORK

This shows the line diagram of the whole Delhi region. It is a very complicated diagram showing all the
lines containing both 400KV and 220KV lines plus the 66KV lines as well which goes to various stations
for distribution to homes. This also shows the current Delhi demand at the top of the screen and the
diagram is such that the outer lines are 400KV lines which are marked in red and then the inner lines are
there which are marked in green these are 220KV lines.

The line diagram has on each side has the voltage given which is being transmitted by that line. The line
diagram includes the transformers and the power generation plants given at various points these are all
real time figures which are updated per sec basis. These also have alarms attached to it to indicate
which line is about to trip or is working over capacity and is in the danger of total failure.

38
 DTL REGIONAL SUMMARY

Regional Load 29399 REGIONAL SUMMARY DIAGRAM DATE

PUN HAR RAJ DEL UP UTT CHD HP JK
SCHDULED
DRAWAL
LOAD
OD/UD
OD/UD FC
(50 HZ)

TEMP ____ DEG GENERATION (MW) UI _____ Paise/kwh

Schedule Actual Schedule Actual

Schedule Actual UI
Thermal Hydro
Badarpur
Singrauli Chamera-1
Rajghat
Rihand-1 Chamera-2
GT
Rihand-2 Uri
Pragati
D_THM-1 Salal
D_THM-2 Bairasiul
Faridabad RSD
Unchahar Tanakpur
Panipat RAPP-A
Dadari-(G) Tehri
Faridabad Kota-Th
Anta Bhakara BASPA Suratgarh
Auraiya Dulhusti Rajas-(HY)
RAPP-B Dehar
Pong
Nathpa Actual
Tandra
Anpara
Obra
UP-T(Oth)
UP-(Hy)
HP
JK
UTTR
ROPAR
Bhatinda
L’Mohabat
Punj-(HY)

39
 VOLTAGE/FREQUENCY ICT LOADING 400 KV TRUNK LINE FLOWS
400 KV HZ MW LINE MW MVAR
Singrauli BAWANA HVDC R-D
Kanpur BAMNAULI SING-KANPR
Allahabad MABDAULA SING-ANPR
Dadri BALLABGARH SING-LKNO
Ballabgarh MAHARANIBAGH SING-ALBD
Panipat DEHAR VINDH-SING
Wagoora PANIPAT-BB ANPR-UNAO
Kishanpur MORADABAD OBRA=PANKI
200 KV HZ LUCKNOW LKNO-SULT
Bawana BRELY-LKNOW
Bamnauli UNAO-AGRA
Mandaula PANKI-MDNGR
Hissar KAN-AGRA
Abdullapur KAN-BALLB
KV HZ AGRA-MDNGR
BTPS AGRA-BASSI
PRAGATI AGRA-GWALI
GORAKHPUR-MUZAFFARPUR-1 __ MW __MVAR HISAR-BHIWANDI
GORAKHPUR-MUZAFFARPUR-2 __ MW __MVAR BALLB-BHIWA
DDRI-PANPT
DDRI-MALR
DDRI-GNOIDA
DDRI-MBAGH
DDRI-MAND
MAND-BWNA
BALLB-BAMNL
BAMNLI-BWNA
BWNA-HISAR
BWNA-ABDPR
DEHR-BHWN
DEHR-PANPT
MOGA-HISAR
BTPS-BALLB
KISHN-PMPR

40
 DTL NETWORK

It contains the line diagram of the DTL network which connects all the networks of the 5 DISCOMs
working in the Delhi region.

41
Also it has the option to show the GRID DIAGRAM of Delhi.

42
 DTL GENERATION

This shows the total generation of electricity by Delhi this is very important as all the current to the Delhi
region is given through these plants. DTL tries to complete the Delhi demand through these plants but

STATION UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT S.T S.T S.T TOTAL VOLTAGE
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 MW/MVAR KV
PRAGATI MW
MVAR
RAJGHAT MW
MVAR
GAS MW
TURBINE MVAR
BADARPUR MW
MVAR
if that is not possible Delhi has to buy power from other states at the current rates.

TOTAL DELHI GENERATION __ MW __ MVAR

TOTAL BTPS SENT OUT __MW __ MVAR

Delhi Generating Stations at a Glance

Station Indraprastha Rajghat Power Gas Turbine Pragati Power Station

Power Station Station Power Station

Station Cpacity 330

247.5 135 282
(MW) (Total 994.5 MW)

2x104 (GT)
3x62.5 6x30 (GT)
+
Units + 2x67.5 +
1x122
60 3x34 (WHRU)
(WHRU)

Year of
1967-71 1989-90 1986 & 1996 2002 -03
Commissioning

GAIL HBJ
Coal Fields/Gas NCL, BINA NCL, BINA GAIL HBJ Pipeline
Pipeline

Treated water from

Sen Nursing Home
Water Sources River Yamuna River Yamuna River Yamuna
and Delhi Gate Sewage
Treatment Plants

VIP- South & Central & NDMC-VVIP, NDMC,

Beneficiary Areas
Central Delhi North Delhi DMRC South Delhi

43
 DTL TRANSFORMER LOADING

This gives the loading of various substations which are placed across the Delhi region. Substations are
applied in the region where the heavy voltage is to be converted to lower voltage or vice versa. Here
before being supplied to the residence and offices the electricity has to be converted to lower voltage.
Hence after generation the lines are transmitted at 400 KV then they have to be converted to 220 KV
and 66 KV. These substations use transformers for converting high to low voltage. Substations used in
cities use underground transformers which do not produce any sound and where there is ample space
such as in rural areas floor transformers are used. In this table limit for each and every substation is
already fed in the system and if the voltage becomes +/- 5 % of the required RED ALERT comes on the
screen highlighting the problem substation and the problem transformer.

Table is given as shown below:-

S NO. SUBSTATION TRANSFORMER MW MVAR 220KV 66KV

1 BAWANA 220/66KV T1
2 KANJHAWALA 220/66KV T1
220/66KV T2
3 NARELA 220/66KV T1
220/66KV T2
4 ROHINI 220/66KV T1
220/66KV T2
5 SHALIMARBAGH 220/33KV T1
220/33 KV T2
6 GOPALPUR 220/33KV T1
220/33 KV T2
7 SUBZIMANDI 220/33KV T1
220/33 KV T2
8 IP. POWER 220/33KV T1
220/33 KV T2
9 PRAGATI 220/66KV T1
10 LODHI ROAD 220/33KV T1
220/33 KV T2
11 PARKSTREET 220/33KV T1
220/33 KV T2
12 PATPARGANJ 220/33KV T1
220/33 KV T2
13 KASHMIRI GATE 220/33KV T1
220/33 KV T2
14 GAZIPUR 220/66KV T1
220/66KV T2
15 SARITA VIHAR 220/66KV T1
220/66KV T2
16 PAPANKALAN-1 220/66KV T1
220/66KV T2

44
17 MEHRAULI 220/66KV T1
220/66KV T2
18 NAJAFGARH 220/66KV T1
220/66KV T2
19 NARAINA 220/33KV T1
220/33KV T2
20 OKHLA 220/66KV T1
220/66KV T2
220/33 KV T1
220/33 KV T2
21 VASANT KUNJ 220/66KV T1
22 WAZIRABAD 220/66KV T1
23 GEETA COLONY 220/33KV T1
220/33 KV T2
24 PAPANKALAN-2 220/66KV T1
220/66 KV T2
25 DSIDC 220/66KV T1
220/66 KV T2

45
 INTER REGIONAL

PUSAULI
HVDC
BIHAR
NORTHERN
REGION
E
400 KV GORAKHPUR- MUZAFFERPUR
A
U
S
J
J 220 KV SAHUPURI-PUSAULI T
NEPAL
A E
I
N R
N
M
O
R
A
BHUTAN
K

400 KV RAIPUR ROURKELA

WESTERN
REGION
220 KV KORBA BUDHIPADAR
N. E
R REGION
K
O
E
L G
H
A I
P
U
O
R BHADRAVATI N
B/B HVDC
C
H
I 220 KV SILERU-BALLMELA
K
H
O
D
I

GAZUWAKA
SOUTHERN B/B HVDC
REGION
TALCHAR-KOLAR
46
BIPOLE HVDC
 NR LINE DIAGRAM

This includes the all the 400 KV lines of the northern region of India. It connects all the power plants
to various substations and also shows the real time data on each line. There are various stations
across the northern region of India which is situated at various intervals to handle the load. Plants
which produce electricity is in raw form and has to be controlled so that it can become transferable.
Hence the current is transported in 400 KV line when the current which is transferred is for a long
distance hence these lines are passed from areas where there is minimum population and is out of
reach of anyone. These lines cause life danger hence they are not used in the cities to transmit
electricity, they create a powerful magnetic field around the wires which can attract anyone who goes
near it. This diagram also gives the insight of every plant on the circuit. If a user wants to see what‟s
the situation inside the plant he/she can simply click on the plant name and the inner circuit of the
plant is displayed on the screen. Then the inner circuit shows the various BUS and the circuits
breakers used inside the plant and their current situation whether they are closed or working or under
repair. The diagram also shows the various transformer loadings of all the transformers in the
northern region. Also there is an option in this to show the northern region summary this shows a
clearer picture as to working of the whole northern area network. This shows the blocks of the entire
northern region, this is shown as below:-

Chamera Pong/
Kashmir Bairasul
valley

Jammu
HP
Uttranchal

Rest
Punjab
Central
Jhakri
Bhakra UP
complex Western
UP/
central
South
NR
Punjab/
North Eastern
Haryana UP
W. Delhi E. Delhi
Rajasthan

South S. Delhi
South-
Haryana East
Region

47
 IMPORTANT TRIP LINE

After careful analysis of the circuit of the entire Delhi region there are some lines which are more prone
to tripping. These lines have to be carefully monitored and all time alert system is maintained to monitor
these lines. A screen is maintained for this trip line at all time and the real time voltage value is shown on
the screen on each line of this circuit. This is a very important circuit of the whole system because it
contains a Gas Turbine power plants and thermal power plant directly connected to the circuit. Reason
of tripping is because Gas Turbine plants have a lag when they create electricity this lag produces a
sudden thrust of electric current after few seconds which overloads the system immediately. This sudden
jerk in the current produces a cascading effect on the lines which are attached to the power plant
because if one line trips all the load is transferred to the other line and the other line begins to transmit
the load required then this line gets over loaded and then it also breaks hence all the system continues
this effect until the circuit is cut-off from the extra load which is being transferred.

All these power generation plants have been set up by the Indraprastha Power Generation Co. Ltd.:-

Brief profile of the company

Indraprastha Power Generation Co. Ltd. (IPGCL) was incorporated on 1st July,2002 and it took over the
generation activities w.e.f. 1st July,2002 from erstwhile Delhi Vidyut Board after its unbundling into six
successor companies. The main functions of IPGCL are generation of electricity and its total installed
capacity is 994.5 MW including of Pragati Power Station. Its associate Company is Pragati Power
Corporation Limited which was incorporated on 9th January, 2001.

Indraprastha Power Station

First Unit of 36.6 MW at I.P. Station was commissioned in 1963 and was inaugurated by the first Prime
Minister of India, late Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. The Power Station was further expanded in 1967-68 with
installation of three Units of 62.5 MW each; in 1971 one more Unit of 60 MW was commissioned. The
first Unit of 36.6 MW retired by CEA in Feb.2000 and is under disposal. The present available capacity of
this Station is 247.5 MW. It is a coal-based station, getting deshaled coal having ash content less than
34% from NCL, Bina.
 Rajghat Power House

Two Units of 67.5 MW were installed in 1989-90 at Rajghat power House as replacement of old units.
The present generation capacity of this Station is 135 MW like I.P. Station. RPH is also coal based
operating on deshaled coal from NCL, Bina.

 Gas Turbine Power Station

Six Gas Turbine Units of 30 MW each were commissioned in 1985-86 to cater to the power demand in
peak hours. Initially this Station worked as peaking power station but due to growing power demand, it
48
 was converted into combined cycle gas turbine station with commissioning of Waste Heat Recovery
Units in 1995-96. The total capacity of this Station is 282 MW. The gas supply has been tied up with
GAIL through HBJ Pipeline. The APM gas allocation is not sufficient for full generation from the power
station. Subsequently, with the availability of Regassified LNG, an agreement was made with GAIL for
supply of R-LNG so that maximum generation could be achieved.
 Pragati Power Station

To bridge the gap between demand and supply and to give reliable supply to the capital City a 330 MW
combined cycle Gas Turbine Power Project was set up on fast track basis. This plant consists of two gas
based Units of 104 MW each and one Waste heat Recovery Unit of 122 MW. Gas supply has been tied
up with GAIL through HBJ Pipeline. Due to paucity of water this plant was designed to operate on
treated sewage water which is being supplied from Sen nursing Home and Delhi Gate Sewage
Treatment plants.

Pragati Power Station

To bridge the gap between demand and supply and to have reliable supply to the Capital City, a 330 MW
combined cycle Gas Turbine Power Project was set up on fast track basis. This plant consists of 2 x 104
MW Frame 9-E Gas Turbine Units commissioned in 2002 – 03 and 1 x 122 MW STG Unit commissioned
in 2003 – 04. Gas supply has been tied up with GAIL through HBJ Pipeline. The station is performing
satisfactorily meeting the targets set by DERC and CEA.

Salient Features

i. Due to paucity of water this plant was designed to operate on treated sewage water which is being
supplied from Sen Nursing Home & Delhi Gate STPs.
ii. Emission of oxides of nitrogen (Nox) has been limited to 35 PPM, lowest in the country, for which
special technology is used by installing Dry Low Nox Combustors.

With the commissioning of Pragati Power Station, total capacity of IPGCL & PPCL is994.5MW and all
our efforts are made to maximize the generation.

The most tripping circuit is shown as below: -

49
 MANDAULA RAJGHAT PARKSTREET
POWER PLANT BADARPUR

WZD-1 GOPALPUR
IP POWER PRAGATI SARITA
WAZIRABAD VIHAR

MAHARANIBAGH
K_GATE

GEETA PATPARGANJ PRAGATI

POWER PLANT LODHI ROAD
COLONY

Circuit breaker

Power Plant
GAS TURBINE
Substation POWER PLANT

STATION UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT S.T S.T S.T TOTAL MW
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
PRAGATI MW

RAJGHAT MW

GAS MW
TURBINE
BADARPUR MW

50
It is a connection between systems, such as electrical power systems. These are basically a dedicated
circuit linking 2 points such that connection is automatically made or made by dialling 1 or 2 digits. These
lines adjust themselves automatically according to the load shift of the demand. These were put up
because the load of these line use to shift very frequently and to deal with shifting of load was very
difficult manually. Now in this system whenever the load requirement decreases on one line the current
is automatically shifted to the other lines because the main problem is that electricity can‟t be stored and
due to this there always has to be perfect balance between the demand and supply any extra load has to
be transferred to some other line so that it can be used. If this is not done the voltage of that line
increases to a danger level and that line is in danger of damage. Hence this system eliminates the
chance of any damage to occur in the system. The lines which use this system don‟t usually require any
monitoring until and unless a major fault like transformer burst takes place. If that happens an alarm
system is there which highlights a certain part of screen indicating that there is any danger in TIE lines
and needs manually monitoring.

DTL LINES

This shows the MW and MVAR of all the lines of Delhi region in a tabular format. These don‟t have any
automatic system to adjust according to the load demand and supply. This has to be dealt manually and
hence the summary of these lines are always shown on the main screen which shows the real time value
of all the lines and an inbuilt alarm system is kept in place and if the valve of MW or MVAR fluctuates
anywhere above or below +/- 5% then a red light appears on that line when indicates immediate
attention is required on that line. However if the valve is closing the danger value the line starts blinking
first to indicate that this is a possible danger line and if the value come closer to the danger line then the
line which is in the tabular table becomes blue and if it reaches the danger value it becomes red. All the
lines are connected to the various substations which are placed all around the Delhi region and the
tabular table also shows the value carried out by the substation. Sometimes the fault is from the
substation itself and not the line hence proper monitoring of the various other substations is also
necessary for proper functioning of the system.

The project which will I make later on will be aimed at integrating all the system together in such a
manner that minimum manual requirement is there this is very essential as these monitoring is done
round the clock in DTL and it becomes very difficult to monitor during nights hence to make such a
system which integrates all and produce a result automatically is very essential in this office.

51
 DTL OVERVIEW

This gives the overview of the whole DTL network. All the values such as total load, total schedule,
drawal, etc is given in this block. Also giving the schedule and drawal of all the DISCOMs working in
Delhi helps to look at a glance which DISCOM is working effectively and which one is working in loss.

The diagram of the overview is shown below:-

MW CURRENT FREQUENCY ______ HZ

NET DTL DRAWAL CURRENT UI RATE ______Paisa/KWH
DTL SCHDULE UI AMOUNT RECEIVABLE (-) /PAYABLE (+) IN RS
OD (+) / UD (-) LACS FROM 00:00 HRS TILL TIME _____ LACS
DTL LOAD
DTL GENERATION
GENERATIONS MW ENERGY FROM 00:00 HRS TO LAST TIME SLOT
DTL SCHEDULE (MUs)
IP POWER DTL DRAWAL (MUs)
RAJGHAT OD/UD
G.T DTL LOAD (MUs)
PRAGATI
BTPS

BSES BSES NDPL NDMC MES

RAJDHANI YAMUNA
SCHEDULE
DRAWAL
OD(+)/UD(-)

REGIONAL LOAD AND GENERATION

GENERATION CENTRAL SECTOR STATE REGIONAL REGIONAL

GEN
LOAD
HYDRO
_____
THERMAL

TOTAL

52
 CIRCLEWISE FLOW

This gives the overall flow of the Delhi region and gives that how is the region divided. The region is
divided as follows.

DELHI

CENTRAL EAST SOUTH WEST

CIRCLE CIRCLE CIRCLE CIRCLE

TODAY PEAK DEMAND

This gives details of the current day‟s peak load and other highlights which are relevant in future to make
predictions and recommendations. This data is seen at the end of the day and proper scheduling is
made based on it for the next day. The details of this section are given below: -

CURRENT TIME:
PEAK LOAD MW
PEAK LOAD TIME
DRAWAL FROM CENTRAL SECTOR MW
OD (+) /UD (-) MW
Delhi GENERATION MW
BTPS SENT OUT MW
RPH GENERATION MW
G.T GENERATION MW
PRAGATI GENERATION MW
FREQUENCY HZ

53
 The 3rd option in the SCADA MENU is ONELINES

Under this option all the line diagram of various areas of northern region are shown like Remote system
control centre (RSCC), (CPCC), Chandigarh, Gladni, Heerapura, Lucknow, Minto, Panipat, Patiala and
Shimla. Under each options there are various substations which are working and if the user goes into
detail of the substation he/she can look at the line diagram of that station. The line diagram shows not
only the working of the substation but also the network outside the substation of which it is a part. From a
particular substation certain number of lines are going out which feed the houses and offices of the city.
These lines are directly linked to the substations, and any fault in the station affects the lines coming out
of the stations and so they affect the homes and offices connected from these lines. If at any point there
is a fault in the network that part is highlighted in red and a message appears in the left side of the
screen indicating the possible reason for the fault. If the fault is sure then it shows as it is and if the
reason of fault is not sure then a symbol “S” is shown which means suspect and the system is not sure
of the fault and it has to be dealt with manually.

The 4th option in the SCADA MENU is COMMUNICATION

This contains all the communication taking place in the system from any two parties. These parties can
be the substations, DTL and any other substation, NRLDC and DTL or any other WAN communication.
These communications are important as it helps in monitoring the proper functioning of the system and
any kind of discrepancy can be removed by just checking the communication chart in this option. This
also shows how each one is connected to each other in the network in other words all the systems
connected to any particular system is given under this option. This gives the view to any user as how the
communication network works in the system.

Further options in this tab are as follows:-

COMMUNICATION

RTU COMMUNICATION/ SITE WAN

LINE MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION

54
The 5th option in SCADA MENU is ALARM

This option is used usually when there is any fault in the system. This is build to guide the user to detect
where and which type of fault is there in the system. Alarm is very important in the system as they keep
the person on duty alert on the status of the system. Alarm menu has further 4 options:-

ALARM

ALARM ACTIVITY ALARM INHIBIT REVIEW

LIST LOG CONTROL EXCEPTION
S

ALARM This has the list of all the alarms which are recorded in the
LIST system and these are categorised in the system as: - Alarm
Summary, Alarm Locations and All Alarms.

 Alarm Summary: - It contains day to day summary of all

the alarm which are recorded.
 Alarm Locations: - This is the list of the locations from
where the alarm was recorded. This is important as it tells
the user which location has maximum number of alarms
and that location could be monitored manually and the
problems can be brought under scanner and then it could
be rectified more effectively.
 All Alarm: - This is the list of all the alarm irrespective of
the location and it also includes the details of the alarm
explaining the reason for it and the current status of the
alarm.

55
ACTIVITY
 This is the LOG details of the system which means
LOG
it contains all the activities which take place
throughout the system. Irrespective of the level of
importance it just stores the data which may or may
not be of relevance in the future. It has further 4
options: -
 System Activity Log: - It gives real time updates of
the activities at various stations in the northern
region. It records the data at that particular instant
and the time is noted up to millisecond.
 Location Activity Log: - This gives location wise data
of all the activities in the system. The user can
choose which area he/she wants to check for
activities at any particular date.
 System Activity Archival: - This is the record of the
old activities of the system which can go up a year.
 Annotation inside Logs: - This gives the meaning of
the notations given in the activity logs. Usually Logs
gives only the notation and the date, time and place
ALARM INHIBIT of the activity. The details of the activity can
This option helps to control the nature of alarm from
CONTROL
checked
DTL. under this
The person heading.
on duty can choose the nature of alarm
i.e. critical, important or low priority. This option is given
to the user as he/she can decide whether immediate
work is required on the activity or not.

REVIEW This option gives the user the ability to review any
EXCEPTION
exceptions that have taken place over the week
S
from normal working of the system. This option
gives the user an advantage to predict any future
accidents or disruption which might take place as
the part of the system which is not working properly
gets recorded under this option.

56
The 6th option in SCADA MENU is NET_SECURITY

This option helps to monitor the security of the online SCADA system and protects it from any virus or
any unauthorised usage. This is a REAL TIME NETWORK SECURITY SYSTEM which keeps the user
up to date with any interruptions in the system.

Further options under this menu are: -

NET_SECURITY

NETWORK STATE CONTIGENCY SECURITY OUTAGE

SEQUENCE ESTIMATION ANALYSIS ENHANCEMENT SCHEDULING
CONTROL

This option records the real time network sequence

NETWORK
of all the activities related to proper function of the
SEQUENCE
CONTROL system. Under this further there are 2 options: -

 Network online sequence: - This gives the

details of the system of all category and also
shows the information of various DISCOMs
and their profit or loss %. It also shows the
contingency analysis and shows when the
last contingency plan was was used and
what was the reason for it.
 Network online sequence log: - This has the
real time updates of all the system and the
activities relating to any change is the
setting of the system e.g. if there is any
circuit breaker which changes from closed to
open then the log will show that the
particular CB had changed status.

57
 STATE This option gives the real time estimate of status of
ESTIMATION each component of the system. This contains various
other options as well like forecast load, network data,
network message log, network state guidelines &
network forecast. These all are used for proper
functioning of the network and to rectify any problem.

There is always a contingency plan which is build for the

CONTIGENCY
ANALYSIS system so that it may not crash at any time. This plan is
fragmented to various small network block plan which
keep the one part isolated to other and if there is any
problem with the particular segment of the that segment
is isolated so that it doesn‟t affect the rest of the system
and a contingency plan which is build for that particular
segment.

SECURITY These are the updates and the enhancements which

ENHANCEMENT are added to all parts of the system. This section
keeps record of all these enhancements and
upgradation taking place in all part of the system
across the northern region.

There is always some maintenance work or some

OUTAGE
SCHEDULING upgradation work being carried out at various
substations when these processes take place the whole
substation or a part of it has to be shut down so that
there is no danger to the men who are working in the
field. All these scheduling of shutdowns at various
stations ahs to be stored somewhere so that when the
time of working on the station takes place there is no
problem in taking permission of shutdown as the data is
already stored in the system.

58
The 7th option in the SCADA MENU is GEN_DISPATCH

This deals with the generation and dispatch operations taking place across the system. This gives the
comparative summary of all the plant working in the system and how much they are generating, what
their capacity is and how much they are dispatching to various regions of India. Therefore this sections
has two parts: -

GEN_DISPATCH

MONITOR AND TRANSACTION/GENERATION

CONTROL SCHEDULE
GENERATION

1) Monitor and control generation: - This options enables the user at DTL to monitor and even
control the generation from various plants. Since DTL has the data of the entire northern region
and they are in possession of the scheduled demand for the day of various regions, hence they
can make a better judgement on how much a plant has to produce in order to meet the demand.
This option shows all the real time generation of all the plants under the control of DTL. This
report is tallied with the demand of the region and hence proper generation target is given to
various plants. A user can command to various plants at a particular instant, this gives the user
the freedom to give multiple commands at a particular time. But the estimate is always done
manually and the decision solely depends on the person on the duty. Also this option gives the
limit of all the plants so that the target given to the plant is never more than the plant‟s capacity.
2) Transaction/generation schedule: - This option has the schedule of all the generation to be taken
place the next day. This schedule is made around midnight everyday for the next day. Also the
transaction part deals with the selling and buying of electricity from various DISCOMs and plants.
DISCOMs buy electricity from the plants according to the floating rate at that moment and if this
electricity becomes in abundance it sells to other DISCOM which is having shortage applying the
floating rate per unit of electricity at that time.

59
The 8th option in the SCADA MENU is PLANNING

This is the planning part of the system which stores the forecasts of load and inflow without the input
from the DISCOMs. These forecasted values are calculated using various parameters such as: -

 Time of season
 Temperature prediction the next day
 Load demand on the previous day and current day
 Demand at this date last year
 Wind moment of the region
 Day of the week
 Holidays (if any)
 Time of the year(e.g. new year‟s eve, diwali, etc)

Now the 2 parts of the planning are: -

PLANNING

LOAD INFLOW
FORECASTING FORECASTING

1) Load forecasting: - This is the demand forecast for the next day in the Delhi region.

2) Inflow forecasting: - This is the forecast of the inflow of power to Delhi from various plants on the
next day.

60
The 9th option in the SCADA MENU is SYSTEM_MGNT

This is the system management options which help the system manager control the whole SCADA
system. This is the tool with which all the repairs related to system takes place. It basically has 2
modes:-

SYSTEM_MGNT

HARDWARE CHANGE MODE

CONTROL CONTROL

Hardware control: - It has various sub-options to manage the hardware of the system. All these are
helpful in some way to help keeping the system intact and operational. The various sub-options are: -

Computer state and control: - This gives the current status of the system and whether it‟s working
properly or not. It gives the details of various parts of the system and indicates whether each part is
working properly or not. Against each part name there is a colour which is highlighted if the colour is
green then the part is working perfectly if the colour is yellow then the part requires manual assistance
and the computer is not sure whether it is working properly or not.

Site backup state and control: - This option tells the user what is the status of the backup of the DTL site
if the current site crashes as DTL can‟t afford to let the site crash because all the work is done on real-
time basis. It also helps in controlling the backup site.

Process manager: - This gives details of the process manager tasks and status & control. The process
manager has to control the various sub-sections of the SCADA system and he/she can control the whole
network from one single computer. There is a private access to process manager to the system and
he/she can rectify any blockage in the system if it occurs due to server overload. The basic job is
process manager is to keep the SCADA system running at every moment. Process manager has the
power to shutdown, cut-off or restart any part of the system which is danger of corrupting the whole
system. Sometimes system gets hit by various viruses then some effected parts have to be cut-off before
it can be rectifies so that it can be worked on in isolation.

Time synchronization: - This option helps to keep all the system time in the DTL network to be in sync
with each other. Sometimes what happens is some system has a different time and the other system has
a different time. This leads to confusion as all the system works on real time basis and all the data entry
gets stored in real time as well. The difference in time will create an unnecessary time lag which can

61
hinder various processes in the system e.g. when a system manager commands a certain circuit breaker
to be closed as a certain time, if his/her system time differs from the one in the system of the other
station where the command is received then the circuit breaker will be closed at the time which is relative
to that system hence this may lead to circuit breakdowns and line damage.

Change mode control: - This mode defines the accessibility of various users of the system. Which user
can access till what extent is given in this option and if the manager wants to change it can do so with
the help of this option. All the users are given their powers though this option this is done because there
are certain parts which a lower level employee is not required to access so to block these accesses a
barrier is setup in the system because by mistake someone can give a wrong command if he/she has
access to the whole system and it can shutdown the whole system.

62
The 10th option in the SCADA MENU is MODELING

This option has all the models of various parts of the system like load forecast, inflow forecast, network,
generation, hydro, data exchange and setting online a new database. All these models are given in this
option which explains how these models are build and also explains the working of all these models to
the user. Any analysis of the process can be done by looking at the model of the process since this is
how the process works and it is the basic foundation of the process. Also if the process has to be
changed first a model is build for the process then it is applied to the actual system. So making the
model and storing it is very important because future analysts can analyse the processes by using only
the model of the processes.

Each modelling options contains a model control, message log, validation messages and alarm. All
these options keep the record of various processes which were discuss above and under the
subsections all the details of them are available. Details like model control, message log, validation
message and alarm are stored on a regular basis and various archived files are available in this option
which are stored according to the date and time in which they have occurred.

All these models are displayed offline to the system which means they are not connected to the system
at any instant. So a person can change a few parameters in the model without affecting the whole
system. But if the changes made are acceptable to the whole department and is in consensus with the
head of the department then it can be attached to the system server and then the process will start
working in the manner which is stored at that time. After that it can again be made offline and the system
keeps on running with the present model.

The last option in the modelling is the Setting online a new database, this option basically integrates the
system which is divided in various subgroups. A well defined sequence is given in this which tells which
part is the main server and which is connected to which subgroup. This table is a clear representation of
the system and helps any new user to understand the system in a detailed manner. One more important
option in this category is the Alarm option. For each model a specific Alarm option is given and if a user
clicks on it, it displays the alarm limits of all the models. Also the user has the power to change the alarm
limits of various models. This is very helpful as system keeps on getting upgraded and hence the alarm
limits keeps on changing from time to time. So these limits need to be in the control of the user so that
he/she can change it according to the upgradation done to a specific process in the system.

63
The 11th option in the SCADA MENU is NET_ANALST

This option is directly linked to the DTL website and helps to change, upgrade or rectify any part of the
website form the user‟s desk. Website need to be constantly kept running and timely upgrades are also
very important as new n more powerful viruses keeps on entering the server, hence to prevent any
damage to the website constant upgradation to its firewall is necessary. A net analyst has a job to keep
the DTL website running at all time and at any cost. If there is a sudden overload on the server and the
site is not loading then an alternative plan which is known as contingency plan in applied to the server
and the site is redirected to somewhere else which is known as a backup site.

The 12th option in the SCADA MENU is GEN_ANALYST

This is the power application analyst function which helps to analyse the operation planning and
generation.

GEN_ANALYST

OPERATION GENERATION
PLANNING

This displays the load are forecast and

OPERATION the inflow forecast with respect to
PLANNING analyst displays. This means that the
data is presented in the format that will
be suitable for the analysts to just see
and come to the conclusion that which
area is having the problem and which
one is doing a good job.

64
 GENERATION This displays the all real time generation and
all study generation. The difference between
the earlier displays and this display is that it
displays in a different manner which is good
for the analysts to just see and come to a
conclusion. All study generation has various
details of generation like fuel used, time for
which plant is active, model No, of all the
parts of the plant, fuel cost, efficiency, etc.
This data is specifically meant for analysts
and is used by them to calculate the working
effectiveness of the plant and the system.
These time to time analyses are very useful
to prevent any future damages which may be
caused due to current processes which are
running in the system.

The 13th option in the SCADA MENU is SYSTEM_ANALYST

This option is in the peak of the pyramid of the system. Under this option all other options can be seen
and all the summaries can be viewed in just a glance. This option is meant only for the system analyst
who controls the whole system and knows the system inside and out. The user has all the information
like alarm limits, station information, loadsheding, website application tools, permit display, time sync
display and other hardware related options. This is not used by any of the employees except the system
manager himself. The system manager keeps himself up to date by this option as it can navigate
throughout the system and see the whole things are working in the system without interrupting the
normal working of the system.

65
The 14th option in the SCADA MENU is DATA_EXCHANGE

This option is divided as below: -

DATA_EXCHANGE

GENERATION RESOURCE SCHEDULING SAMPLER

COORDINATION
EXCHANGE

GENERATION This gives the data of all the data exchanges that have
taken place with the power plant and the various
substations.

RESOURCE SCHEDULING This stores all the details of the data of

COORDINATION
scheduling which went as planned and if there
EXCHANGE
was any disruption in between that data is
highlighted in red. This is to find out where the
scheduling process went wrong and the reason
of for it to wrong.

SAMPLER This is the sample data which is stored permanently in

the system this explains the meaning of each symbol
and by looking at this any new user can correlate it with
the real time data stored in the other two options. These
are done to keep the system working smooth even if the
user keeps on changing.

66
The 15th option in the SCADA MENU is CUR_OPER_PLAN

This option gives the details of the current plan which is followed in the DTL system. This has further 4
sub-categories: -

CUR_OPER_PLAN

FORECAST UNIT INTERCHANGE OUTAGE

COMMITMENT TRANSACTION SCHEDULING
SCHEDULES

FORECAST
This gives the details of the forecast study and its history.
The forecast study has various details like how the forecast
was calculated and what was the actual demand and
supply. Also the history of forecast tells the user that how
the process has worked in the recent times and what is the
accuracy of the forecast.

UNIT Unit commitment means that a certain number of units are

COMMITMENT
committed to DTL by the power plants in Delhi that this
much they will produce at any cost. This commitment
binds the plant to come up with this amount of unit, so by
using this data all the scheduling and for the next day is
done.

67
INTERCHANGE This contains all the transaction details between the
TRANSACTION DISCOMs and between the plants located in other states &
SCHEDULES the DISCOMs of Delhi. All the transactions which take place
are in the real time basis and are purchased on the floating
rate of electricity per unit.

OUTAGE
SCHEDULING This is the schedule of the under drawal or over drawal
which might take place on the next day according to all
the calculations done with the help of all the data
available to the user.

Demerits of the SLDC system

 Every time the breakdown happens the person on duty has to look on the whole real time
network diagram and see where the load can be shifted.
 The decisions made are purely experience based and it is very difficult for a new person to make
any kind of decision in case of any shutdown or breakage.
 There is always a need of atleast 2 manual personnel to be present at the duty.
 All the updates from various plants are recorded in a register.
 There is always a scope of confusion when the duty changes from one person to the other.
 Can‟t be used in windows.
 If one system fails then all of the system goes in “suspect” hence all the work then has to be done
manually.

68
MIS Solution for the current system
Current scenario indicates that SLDC performs various tasks online, but there is a scope of making the
whole working of the SLDC system MIS based and which will lead to minimum lag time and maximum
efficiency. The process of recording the real time updates on register can be made online using
computers but this creates a problem for the staff as they are not well equipped with computers. The way
out of this can be by feeding the commands in the system and the person ahs to remember only the
codes of the commands and the system can automatically feed the updates on all of the system. Also
during any shutdown or breakage in the system the person on duty has to look at the whole system and
then come up with the action plan to divert the load on the alternate line and also he has to be careful as
it should not to exceed the load limit of a that line. Now all these decisions are made manually but
through the use of MIS a person can easily identify his options and therefore give the command in just
few seconds. Using MIS whenever there is a breakage in the network, the system will trigger the
program which will look for a suitable way out for the load keeping in mind the maximum capacity of
each line. Hence once the a breakdown occurs the computer will immediately give the alternative way
out to the user and the user just has to choose from the given option and give the command further to
the respective substation.

Also various inputs can be put on the master file which will can forecast any breakdown in the system,
instead of just keeping a simple alarm system which beeps only when there is a sudden load demand
and the voltage or current falls in the danger zone. With the help of MIS better predictions can be made
according to the time of day, time of year, temperature, etc. This can tell the DTL office in advance that
there is going to be a breakage in such a line and also give the remedial actions for such breakage.

69
 PROPOSED PROCESS DIAGRAM
In this diagram I have proposed a system which will help DTL to make the system more efficient and
more effective.

Firstly before drawing the process diagram I have shown what will be inputs and requirements for the
system

Real time
temperature Previous
shutdowns and
Capacity of all breakages
the lines and
substations

MASTER FILE Time of the year

(month/season)

Last peak
demand Schedule shutdown
for maintenance

All this data is kept on the master file and it keeps on getting updated on a real time basis. By connecting
all the systems in the network with each other and upgradation made in any system trigger‟s a update in
the master file and hence it keeps on running. Master file should be well protected from any virus and
proper firewalls are to be placed in order to protect it from any damage. Also a back up file is to be
prepared for master file so that if by any chance the master file gets corrupted the backup file can run the
system for the time being till the master file gets repaired. Also a contingency plan is to be prepared
before implementing the whole MIS system so as to take into account any failure which makes the MIS a
system continuous and hard to break.

70
Process diagram for any breakage in the system: -
Look for another solution

Solution
MASTER FILE

Problem

Substation DTL (central

Update system SLDC) R Reject

Information

Breakdown

Command A
Accept

In the above process in case of any breakdown in the system lines the area report to the responsible
substation which is responsible for that area. Then the substation sends the information about the
breakage to the Master file which treats the information given as input and calculates the alternate mode
of releasing the load of that area. Since the master file is equipped with all the data of every line of the
system using permutation and combinations and the current status of the system it comes out the
wayout of the load and send the proposal to the DTL office (SLDC). Then after looking at the alternative
produced by the computer the person in charge accepts or rejects the computers recommendation, if
DTL rejects the recommendation the Master file is processed for another route for load except the first
option and returns back with another option. And if the DTL accepts the recommendation then the
accepted plan is passed on to the substation and which further gives command to the breakage region to
implement the accepted plan.

Using the above system the whole process of DTL system can be made automatic and a person on duty
has to just choose from the options provided by the master file for a particular breakdown. There will be
no time lag of thinking and choosing a proper way to disperse the incoming load or extract the load from
any surplus area which is in danger/breakdown. This will be a real time system which can be used by
only one person at a time and for difficult situations e.g. at night this system can be very helpful. The
files are updated as the decision is taken at the DTL centre station but this is only one of the situations
where the system works.

71
 For normal day to day working such breakdowns are not so common, then usually the Master file has to
be updated to keep the system connected with each other and to make the system informed with the
happenings of the whole network because in case of any fault in any lines of the system the system has
all the real time updates from every part of the system to make the appropriate decision.

Process diagram for day to day working of the system: -

MASTER FILE

Accepted
Substation 3
A
R

Substation 2
R

Request DTL (central

Substation 1 system SLDC)

R
Command 1
Command 2 Command 3 Rejected

Description
Description Description

As using a complicated MIS system can be difficult for the current employees of DTL hence a command
system can be implemented in the MIS system to make it user friendly. Each command has a description
given to it, these commands are made according to the most common updates which a substation gives
to the DTL centre. So simply the people at the substation has to type the command number and the
required request will be send to DTL and it will be their decision as to accept or reject the request of the
substation if it is rejected the message it back to the substation and if is accepted then the master file is
updated about the condition of the line and station.

72
Advantages of using MIS: -
 Real time updates possible throughout the system.
 No time lag when breakdown occurs.
 Easy to update the system.
 Can work in windows as well.
 Not much manual work is required.
 No chance of any confusion among different systems on the network as all the data is stored at
one place only.
 Can be used by any inexperienced person.
 There is no chance of any data loss throughout the system.
 Even if one system fails the system works properly as Master file runs on the last updated value
which can also be manually replaced.

CONCLUSION
Under the DTL a new department called as SLDC was created to integrate the power system in Delhi.
SLDC use a system known as Supervisor Control And Data Acquisition System (SCADA). This system
integrates all the data given from all the DISCOMs to SLDC. And based on that data the system is
controlled on real time basis and besides getting the information all other work is done manually. Main
cause of disrupted flow of information is because the less knowledge of computers and the system are
connected in such a way that if any one stops working whole system goes into “suspect” (which means
the values shown on the screen might not be correct). To provide a better use of technology I have
suggested that MIS should be used to properly connect the system with each other and also to work with
minimum manual work. MIS system shown in my report is a very means of connecting the whole network
as it reduces the chances of any breakdown because even if one substation does not work the system
keeps on working effectively without going into “suspect”. The MIS system will enable DTL to work on
the system with just one man on duty which would be helpful on night duties as those are tuff hours of
working effectively. Therefore, to conclude it was a wonderful experience to see the real time working of
the system and understanding how the concept of forecasting helps the system to work for the future
and I hope my proposed MIS system help DTL in the future to make their work more effective and
efficient.

73
ANNEXURE-1

74
ANNEXURE-2

75
ANNEXURE -3

76
ANNEXURE -4

77
 REFERENCES

Delhi Transco Limited Annual report 2008-09

Delhi Transco Limited progress report 2009
www.delhitransco.gov.in/
www.delhisldc.org/
www.nrldc.org/
www.wikipedia.com
www.howstuffworks.com

78