LESSON 3.

IDENTIFY THE PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF PROCESSING DEVICE

A. Components and purposes of the internal parts of the system unit.

SYSTEM UNIT
The main body of a computer, consisting of a plastic or metal enclosure, the
motherboard, and (typically) internal disk drives, a power supply, cooling fans, and
whatever circuit boards plugged into the mother board, such as a video card.

It is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process the
data. System units are available in a variety of shapes and sizes. The case of the
system unit, also called the chassis, is made of metal or plastic and protects the
internal electronic parts from the damage. Almost every other part of the computer
connects to system unit using cable/s. The cable plus into specific PORTS
(openings), typically at the back of the system unit. Hardware that is not part of the
system is called peripheral devices or device.

2 Compo

Input Device
A. Two sets of Parts of the System Unit

1. External Parts – these are parts found outside the system Unit.
• CD/DVD Drive – this is where the compact disk is inserted.
• Power Switch – this switch the computer on and off.
• Disk Drive – this where the micro floppy disk is inserted.
• Reset Switch – this restarts the computer without turning it off.
• LED (light Emitting Diode) – these are the light infront of the system unit.

2. Internal Parts – these are the parts found inside the System Unit.

• Motherboard – also called the system board or mainboard. This is the main
circuit board of the system unit. Many electronic components attached to it,
such as, processor, memory and expansion slots.
• CPU – a central chip that determines the processing power of the computer.
• Memory – memory is the part of the computer that temporarily stores
applications, documents, and stem operating information.
• Expansion Slots – expansion slots appear on the motherboard. They are
sockets into which adapters are connected.
• Ports and Connectors – a port is a connector located on the motherboard or on
a separate adapter.
• Bays – a bay is a space inside the computer case where a hard drive, floppy
drive or CD-ROM drive sits.
• Power Supply – a power supply changes normal household electricity into
electricity that a computer can use.
• Sound Components – a sound card lets a computer play and record high
quality sound.
• Hard Disk Drive – can store a lot of information compared to floppy drive.
• Floppy Disk Drive – read and write data onto 3 ½ floppy disk, with less
capacity to store data.
• Video Card – an adapter card used to process and display information for the
monitor.
• Chips – also known as Integrated Circuits or IC.
 Parts of the Motherboard

B. Roles of the central processing unit.

PROCESSING DEVICES
Processing components manipulate the information once it is "in" the computer. In
the microcomputer there is a set of common components consisting of the central
processing unit (CPU), interface components, and memory (RAM).

Also known as:

• Microprocessor
• Main processing component of a computer system
• “brain of the computer”
• Carried out instructions and tells the rest of the computer system.

Functions of CPU:
1. Stores data and instructions waiting to be used.
2. Follows changeable instructions.
3. Does input, processing and output.

Three Basic Parts of the CPU

1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
• Executes arithmetic and logical operations.
• Arithmetic operations includes addition, subtraction, multiplication
and division.
2. The Control Unit
• Directs the flow of information into the CPU and/ or memory or
storage.
• Controls which instructions the CPU will do next.
3. Registers
• Used to store data and instructions inside the processor.
 • Size of the register can affect the speed and performance of the
processor.

C. Speed of the Microprocessor.

Microprocessor - miniature electronic device

that contains the arithmetic, logic, and control
circuitry needed to function as a digital
computer's CPU. Microprocessors are integrated
circuits that can interpret and execute program
instructions as well as handle arithmetic
operations.

The speed of the microprocessor is measured in HERTZ.

Hertz – is the measurement of a cycle in a second. So, 10 hertz is 10 cycles per

second.

Clock cylce – is the basic unit of measurement that the CPU uses to carry out
instructions given to it by software. A CPU running at 900MHz, 900 million clock
cycles will occur per second.

Abbreviation Stand for Spoken As Approximate No.

Mhz Megahertz Meg 1,000,000 (a
million)
Ghz Gigahertz Gig or giga 1,000,000,000
( a billion)

D. Role of Random Access Memory (RAM) in processing a data.

One of the most important components in a computer is the memory. Every

time a computer is started up, programs are loaded into memory. The memory
into where these programs are loaded is called RAM. RAM is an acronym for
Random Access Memory. It is from the RAM that most programs perform their
functions and operate to give the user the required results. Most RAM memory is
housed in chips or integrated circuits (ICs) that are either soldered or mounted onto
the motherboard of the computer.